{"id":99904,"date":"2024-05-09T10:00:27","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T10:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damau.org\/?p=99904"},"modified":"2024-05-10T05:41:09","modified_gmt":"2024-05-10T05:41:09","slug":"noi-chuyen-doc-va-viet-cai-song-than-phan-hieu-ung-cua-chu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/99904\/noi-chuyen-doc-va-viet-cai-song-than-phan-hieu-ung-cua-chu","title":{"rendered":"Nói Chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ecdc và Vi\u1ebft & Cái S\u1ed1ng, Thân Ph\u1eadn, Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee8ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1eef"},"content":{"rendered":"

                          \"\"<\/a>    Nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac<\/em><\/font> <\/p>\n

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.1.<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch 9 Khu\u00f4n M\u1eb7t. 9 Phong Kh\u00ed V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/strong> (vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Mai Th\u1ea3o, V\u0169 Kh\u1eafc Khoan, V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng, Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7n, B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 T\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean) c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n V\u0103n H\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. Qua vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 cho ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3i \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n v\u0103n. T\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, g\u1eedi l\u1eddi c\u00e1m \u01a1n chung \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129, \u00f4m \u1ea5p. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00fang, l\u00fac \u1ea5y, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i. Bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u1ea5y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a (r\u1ed3i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. B\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129 suy \u00e2m th\u1ea7m, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 l\u1ebd lu\u00f4n xao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1ea7u trong tim m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u1ea7u trong tim nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 h\u1ed3n v\u00eda c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3 v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 th\u00e2n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec. D\u00f9 sao, t\u00f4i may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n v\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ebfn phong c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i xin ph\u00e9p chia s\u1ebb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. [1] <\/sup>V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o mang t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thao t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ebb chia suy ngh\u0129, kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u201clink\u201d. Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u201clink\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hypertext<\/em> c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. T\u00f4i mong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u201clink\u201d n\u00e0y m\u1edf ch\u00fang ta ra, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i trong v\u00f2ng tay \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef.<\/p>\n

.2.<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Th\u01b0a anh, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 cho ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch <\/em>9 Khu\u00f4n M\u1eb7t. 9 Phong Kh\u00ed V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n, anh mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?  Ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft tha n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn anh \u0111i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1m \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n L\u1eddi V\u00e0o S\u00e1ch<\/em>. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i th\u00eam. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xin ph\u00e9p ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 hy v\u1ecdng, qua ch\u00edn khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 phong kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00e1nh l\u00ean \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e1i r\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1i bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i phong nhi\u00eau, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u1ecf hoa, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1edfi \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh (1954-1975) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, th\u1ed5 ng\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1eebng n\u1edf, mang trong tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1eef th\u1ee9, trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m hay ngo\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c [\u2026] R\u1ed3i, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng thu\u1ef7 l\u01b0u l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian, t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft tha n\u00e0o \u01b0? T\u00f4i y\u00eau v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf. L\u1edbn l\u00ean, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft, b\u00fat ph\u00e1p, phong c\u00e1ch  c\u1ee7a bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng  v\u0103n ho\u00e1, th\u1ed5 ng\u01a1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.  T\u00f4i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng. \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1m \u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, \u201c\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc\u2014  [\u2026] l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1nh s\u1eafc, gam m\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee3p \u00e2m, xao \u0111\u1ed9ng.  T\u00f4i mong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y [\u2026] c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u1edf nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1i phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. T\u00f4i mong, qua h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y hay c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb9p t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t hoa c\u1ecf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3i chung. C\u00e1i c\u00f5i s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u1eddi n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i tin, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn. Trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u2014ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc\u2014\u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac qu\u00e2y qu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ca h\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh ng\u1ed9 c\u00f9ng nhau.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Th\u01b0a anh, trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch th\u00fa m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hay m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, nhi\u1ec1u phong c\u00e1ch. Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i qu\u00fd c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 duy l\u00fd d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, Bachelard c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t. Trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong quy\u1ec3n L\u2019Eau et les R\u00eaves<\/em> (N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Nh\u1eefng Gi\u1ea5c M\u01a1<\/em>), v\u00e0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, trong quy\u1ec3n La Psychanalyse du Feu (Ph\u00e2n T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 L\u1eeda),<\/em> Bachelard \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc pha v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 thi ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t thi ca v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t trong gia t\u00e0i khoa h\u1ecdc\/v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Bachelard mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, t\u01b0 duy n\u01a1i \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy k\u00e9p<\/em><\/strong>, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy thi ca. \u00d4ng cho th\u1ea5y d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai m\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 duy m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu m\u1eb7t kia. Animus<\/em> v\u00e0 Anima<\/em>. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m La Po\u00e9tique de la Reverie (Thi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng),<\/em> Bachelard \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp animus<\/em>, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed, v\u1edbi anima<\/em>, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Maurice Blanchot, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m L\u2019Ecriture du D\u00e9sastre<\/em> (Writing the Disaster, <\/em>1980),<\/em> m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cprose fragments\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng<\/strong> c\u1ee7a Blanchot.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 Bachelard v\u00e0 Blanchot. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Mikhail Bakhtin, Roland Barthes, Roman Jakobson, Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss, Jean Pierre Richard, Pierre Macherey, Charles Mauron, Normand Holland, Jean Starobinski, v.v. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh sao, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t l\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a anh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tu\u1ef3 b\u00fat, hay gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u01a1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khen. D\u00f9 sao, anh c\u00f3 ng\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00f3?  \u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ef9, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 b\u00fat, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi nh\u1eadn, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a anh l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, nhi\u1ec1u khi mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc tri\u1ebft l\u00fd. V\u00e0 anh c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a anh v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 soi chi\u1ebfu, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1i l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u00f4i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tham lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 trong bu\u1ed5i Ra M\u1eaft S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a anh. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a anh trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i chung, v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

L\u1ea1i xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1edbi Bachelard.<\/p>\n

M\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb9p, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00f9y b\u00fat\u201d c\u1ee7a Bachelard (v\u00e0, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 Maurice Blanchot, hay c\u1ee7a Wittgenstein, v.v.), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft, hay t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh hay tri\u1ebft gia) l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa kh\u1ecfi phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sai v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. B\u1edfi, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Nabokov, \u201cTi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con s\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3.\u201d (\u201cThe breaking of a wave cannot explain the whole sea.\u201d)  <\/em><\/p>\n

Dominique Lecourt, trong quy\u1ec3n Le Jour et la Nuit (Ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0110\u00eam),<\/em> vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Bachelard, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0 duy k\u00e9p<\/strong> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. T\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi ca th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bay b\u1ed5ng, \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1. Ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0110\u00eam. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u201cban \u0111\u00eam\u201d n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Bachelard \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Colette Gaudin, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Gaston Bachelard \/ On Poetic Imagination and Reverie, <\/em>cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Bachelard l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201cth\u01a1 v\u1ec1 th\u01a1\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khen tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Bachelard, v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201ctri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f2n m\u00e3i ghi nh\u1edb. [2]<\/sup><\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt th\u00edch, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1, l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d, \u201ctuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1 kh\u00f4 khan, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m ch\u0103m ch\u00fa ch\u00fa t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u0103m soi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang hay sai, hay ho\u1eb7c d\u1edf. Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd: nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb  \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ctuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh\u201d, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 trong ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u1eabn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u201cta\u201d c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u201ct\u00e2y\u201d (\u201ct\u00e2y\u201d, hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00c2u M\u1ef9 n\u00f3i chung). T\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn (ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o) hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu ta theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00c2u ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ea1m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, Phan Kh\u00f4i, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh M\u1ea1i, Thi\u1ebfu S\u01a1n, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh, V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan, v.v. \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ta \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ctuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh\u201d n\u00e0y. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc khen ch\u00ea\u201d (theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh S\u1eed, v\u00e0, theo t\u00f4i, l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh n\u00e0y, qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u0110S v\u1ec1 VNP, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t m\u1ea1nh l\u1eabn m\u1eb7t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a VNP. V\u00e0 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u.) Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn phong c\u00e1ch, l\u1ed1i l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u00e0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1i hay ho\u1eb7c d\u1edf, duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng, m\u1ea1nh hay y\u1ebfu, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4 khan, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, theo t\u00f4i, ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng, \u1edf ta, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eeba n\u00f3i; c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd. M\u1eb7c cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y hay m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n \u201ckhen, ch\u00ea\u201d, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t chuy\u1ec7n \u201chay, d\u1edf\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u00fang, sai\u201d. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, trong ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh khi c\u1ea7n. D\u00f9 sao, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i xem chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, c\u00f2n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e1i ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng, hay c\u00e1i khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m (cho d\u00f9 khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u201cthao t\u00e1c\u201d n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o, \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hay phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c \u201ckhen, ch\u00ea\u201d, hay nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u201chay, d\u1edf\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u00fang, sai\u201d, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng minh nhi\u00ean.  V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, cung c\u00e1ch \u201cch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m ch\u0103m ch\u00fa ch\u00fa t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u0103m soi\u201d). Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e1i ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng, hay c\u00e1i khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a  t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ra. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i quan ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u0103n. D\u00f9 ta vi\u1ebft \u1edf th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u01a1, hay nh\u01b0 tu\u1ef3 b\u00fat, t\u00f4i c\u00e1m \u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu h\u00fat, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft.  \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 y\u00eau qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng xin c\u00e1m \u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn ra \u1edf t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, l\u00e0m n\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5t ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00ecn, h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, hay nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i hay \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i cho nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra. T\u00f4i th\u00edch \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1eeb, ng\u1eef, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p, ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00fa c\u1ee7a ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u00f3i theo Roland Barthes th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cle plaisir du texte\/the pleasure of the text\u201d, c\u00e1i \u201ckho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra, nh\u00ecn ra, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n, khai l\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, khi vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u201c\u0111i ra\u201d t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0\/hay ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u00edch c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n h\u1ecdc (hermeneutics)<\/em> Wilhelm Dilthey: \u201cM\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i minh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh.\u201d (\u201cThe ultimate goal of the hermeneutic process is to understand an author better than he understood himself.\u201d)<\/p>\n

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T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch anh d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a anh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00fd th\u00fa, hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t, d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea5y, cho d\u00f9 gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n v\u00e0 h\u01a1i v\u0103n c\u1ee7a anh, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a anh mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn cao v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u chi\u00eau th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea7y n\u00e9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khi mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, ng\u1eef \u00e2m, hay \u00e2m v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng anh v\u1eabn l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00edch th\u00fa. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a anh v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ra c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a anh?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u00f4i nh\u00ecn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, n\u00f3i chung, v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 d\u00f9ng \u00e2m thanh, d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 d\u00f9ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, n\u00f3i chung, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i d\u00f9ng xong r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf, c\u00e1i disposable<\/em>. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng ta d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh; c\u00e1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 th\u1eeba m\u1ee9a. L\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng, khi\u1ebfn ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1, vi\u1ebft v\u0103n th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng khi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng xong n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i l\u1ecdc, sao t\u1ea9m, ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t, c\u1ea9n ch\u1ea1m, sao cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a, t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef.  N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1edb. \u0110\u1ec3, sau khi d\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh, to\u1ea3 s\u1eafc. C\u00e1i \u00e1nh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, bu\u1ed3n \u0111au, hay kinh khi\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed7 Ph\u1ee7 n\u00f3i, trong b\u00e0i \u201cGiang th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ecb thu\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 h\u1ea3i th\u1ebf li\u00eau \u0111o\u1ea3n thu\u1eadt\u201d, Ng\u1eef b\u1ea5t kinh nh\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1ea5t h\u01b0u<\/em>. Ch\u1eef m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i tr\u0103n tr\u1edf, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u1eef \u1edf l\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef c\u0169ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef. V\u00e0 khi \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm xem t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb, h\u00e0nh v\u0103n, ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u, t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1eef, bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh \u00fd ngh\u0129, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Trong s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, T\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean, B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng, hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i th\u01a1  n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i l\u00fd \u1ea9n sau m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1i l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ch\u1eef. \u0110\u1ec3 xem ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng, c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, hay c\u1ee7a T\u00f4 Thu\u1ef3 Y\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u00fd ngh\u0129a, b\u00f3c m\u1edf t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, c\u00e2u ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p, t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean, ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, ng\u1eef d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc, ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc, \u00e2m v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc, v.v.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 hay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi s\u0129, nhi\u1ec1u khi, \u0111\u1ecdc qua, ta th\u1ea5y th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ra. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, m\u1edf c\u00e1i c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ra, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc hay nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. Thi s\u0129 th\u1edf ra th\u01a1. Trong v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c, thi s\u0129 lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; b\u1edfi th\u1ebf, khi th\u1edf ra, th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi ca, v\u1eeba ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong n\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ng\u1eef \u00e2m, ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, ng\u1eef kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u1eef \u00fd <\/em>c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00e2m \u00fd m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 hay, thi s\u0129, d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0\/hay ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cth\u1eadm\u201d c\u00f4ng phu v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong khi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, hay m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m h\u1ecd y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1edb m\u00e3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i l\u00fac, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201cc\u00f4ng phu\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. V\u00e0 ta t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef l\u00e0 d\u1ec5. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, khinh kho\u00e1i trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u201cth\u1eadm c\u00f4ng phu\u201d. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1eed c\u00f4ng phu\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u01a1. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00e0, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm v\u00e0o\/t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i hay, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u00edch t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u00ec y\u00eau ch\u1eef, y\u00eau m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf. V\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u0103ng sao, tr\u1eddi bi\u1ec3n, s\u00f4ng n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra cho m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 y\u00eau ch\u1eef, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1eef, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef, ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t, nh\u1eefng v\u1ebb, v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, \u00e2m thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. T\u00f4i th\u00edch l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng v\u00ec nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n trong ng\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda gi\u00fap ta \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i khu r\u1eebng l\u00fac th\u00ec m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f3c, khi l\u1ea1i lung linh c\u00e1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e2m nghi\u00eam \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

.3.<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng tay c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u201cth\u00e2n ph\u1eadn\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1i \u201cth\u00e2n ph\u1eadn\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4m \u1ea5p, ch\u1eaft chiu, hay b\u1ecb b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c, th\u1ea3 hoang, ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. C\u1ee7a ch\u1eef.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 ch\u1eef, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 h\u1ed3n v\u00eda c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef, c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. S\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m y\u00eau, n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb, c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1i gh\u00e9t, c\u00e1i bu\u1ed3n \u0111au x\u00f3t xa h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edd, ch\u1ea1m, nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef v\u1edbi c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef, th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac
<\/strong>Th\u00e1ng 4, 2024<\/em><\/p>\n


\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/em>__________________________________<\/p>\n

[1] Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch 9 Khu\u00f4n M\u1eb7t. 9 Phong Kh\u00ed V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i (n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u00f4i cho ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay n\u00f3i chung). H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, quan t\u00e2m \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong ph\u1ea7n 2 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i. V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb, g\u1ee3i \u00fd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n v\u0103n. Cho d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3i \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00fd cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u0110TT v\u00e0 \u0110TBT, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

[2] M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Bachelard v\u00e0 Blanchot, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Bachelard, trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u00e0i t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 2017, \u201c\u0110\u1ecdc, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/a>\u201d (ph\u1ea7n I<\/a> & II<\/a>). Trong b\u00e0i \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hai nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Bachelard c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia), m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 h\u01a1n. Xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng, th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef, c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. S\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m y\u00eau, n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb, c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1i gh\u00e9t, c\u00e1i bu\u1ed3n \u0111au x\u00f3t xa h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edd, ch\u1ea1m, nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef v\u1edbi c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":829,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,24,25,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-ly-luan","category-nhan-dinh","category-phe-binh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/829"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99904"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99937,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99904\/revisions\/99937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}