{"id":99757,"date":"2024-05-06T10:00:43","date_gmt":"2024-05-06T10:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damau.org\/?p=99757"},"modified":"2024-08-25T07:19:13","modified_gmt":"2024-08-25T07:19:13","slug":"hieu-ung-cua-am-va-thanh-trong-tho-qua-lang-kinh-cua-nha-phe-binh-van-hoc-bui-vinh-phuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/99757\/hieu-ung-cua-am-va-thanh-trong-tho-qua-lang-kinh-cua-nha-phe-binh-van-hoc-bui-vinh-phuc","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2m v\u00e0 thanh trong th\u01a1 qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u00f9i v\u0129nh ph\u00fac"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u1ecdc B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f5i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n th\u01a1 v\u1eeba m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i, v\u1eeba t\u1ec9 m\u1ea9n, r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n 9 Khu\u00f4n M\u1eb7t. 9 Phong Kh\u00ed V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u00e0i hoa c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee3t qu\u00ean \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a anh l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m n\u00ean t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a anh trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u01a1 ca, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>C\u1eaft<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00eam gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o. Nh\u1edb chia l\u00eca.\u00a0<\/em>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ghe c\u1eaft v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfng c\u1eaft khuya\u00a0
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0110\u1eddi c\u1eaft v\u00e0o ta ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 bu\u1ed1t\u00a0
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Em c\u1eaft v\u00e0o ta \u00e1nh sao khu\u00ea.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1eadt c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m th\u00eda. Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 28 ch\u1eef, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh duy nh\u1ea5t (Ghe c\u1eaft v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfng c\u1eaft khuya<\/em>) m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u201cnghe ra\u201d, tu\u1ef3 theo tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh[1]<\/a>. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00eam, gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o, s\u00f4ng, ghe, sao<\/em>), pha l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0111\u1eddi, em, ta<\/em>), c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (nh\u1edb, chia l\u00eca, bu\u1ed1t<\/em>). \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cc\u1eaft\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao b\u00e9n ng\u1ecdt, c\u1ee9a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng t\u1ee9 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u00eanh mang.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/em> T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n C. Tr\u00ed<\/strong> (tr\u00e1i) v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u1ecdc B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac\u00a0<\/strong>(ph\u1ea3i)
\n<\/span>H\u00f4m ra m\u1eaft s\u00e1ch 9 Khu\u00f4n M\u1eb7t. 9 Phong Kh\u00ed V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong>
\nCh\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt, 21\/4\/2024<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i T\u00f4i \u1ea9n m\u1eadt v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y v\u00e2y h\u00e3m trong\u00a0<\/strong>Th\u01a1 \u1ede \u0110\u00e2u Xa<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n (hay \u201cBi\u1ec7t kh\u00fac cho Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n\u201d)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u1ecdc B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 kh\u1eadp khi\u1ec5ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean du l\u1ecbch. Khi \u0111i ngo\u1ea1n c\u1ea3nh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, th\u1ea5y s\u00e2u, th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111ang b\u00e0y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, n\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, \u0111ang c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u00e1ng v\u0103n hay m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng qua b\u00e0n tay \u201cph\u00f9 thu\u1ef7\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u00e0i hoa, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc qua t\u1eebng cung b\u1eadc c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u01a1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 giao thoa tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa thi ca v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh\/nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef H\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 soi s\u00e1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 \u0111ang n\u1eb1m im l\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean trang gi\u1ea5y b\u1ed7ng b\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady, l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh trong kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n b\u00e0i th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Thi ca kh\u00e1c v\u0103n xu\u00f4i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 d\u00e0nh cho \u00e2m thanh, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do. V\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh trong thi ca, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n\/nh\u00e0 th\u01a1\/gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Alberto R\u00edos (Kh\u00f4i nguy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng thi ca Walt Whitman, 1981) c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201c\u00c2m thanh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hay kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1\u2014c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/strong> c\u1ea3. Hai t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh hay kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u00e2m thanh. C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu khi \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u00e2m thanh, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu khi \u00e2m thanh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.\u201d<\/em>[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Khi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi th\u01a1, \u00fd th\u01a1, t\u1ee9 th\u01a1, v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 l\u00fac anh \u201cchi\u1ebfu\u201d th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o t\u1eebng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, th\u00e1o tung n\u00f3 ra nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, s\u0103m soi t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chi li c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac \u201cg\u1ee1\u201d m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef ra, l\u1eafng nghe \u00e2m v\u00e0 thanh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00f3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef, c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh: anh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 anh l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i hai ch\u1eef \u201cph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch\u201d, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00e0i \u201cph\u00e2n \u00e2m\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e1ch thanh\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng hai ch\u1eef \u201c\u00e2m thanh\u201d khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu ng\u1eabm cho k\u1ef9, khi so s\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Anh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u201c\u00e2m\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cthanh\u201d, c\u00f2n t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201c\u00e2m\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cthanh\u201d. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 \u201ctr\u1ecdng \u00e2m\u201d m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. D\u1eabu sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a trong ti\u1ebfng Anh h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a hai lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m, trong khi l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu thanh, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed5ng, ng\u00e2n nga khi \u0111em v\u00e0o th\u01a1 ca nh\u01b0 trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

Nam L\u00ea, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m th\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng-th\u1ec3-thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thanh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u201cd\u1ea5u gi\u1ecdng\u201d\/tone marks<\/em> trong ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3). Trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Dire Critical<\/em> c\u1ee7a anh, Nam L\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t (v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu n\u00f3 trong thi ca?). B\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfng Anh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eadm ch\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef, nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, nhu\u1ed1m tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, \u200en\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t e s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Chi b\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eb3ng n\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1:<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dire Critical<\/em><\/strong>[3]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>All in the tone.\u00a0\u00a0
\n<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Give us each day our diacritics\u2014our low and high, fall
\n<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0and rise, our horns and holds:
\n<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Flat we are without.
\n<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(You like that, no doubt)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Give us our <\/em>dau sac, huyen, nga, hoi, nang<\/strong>[4]<\/strong><\/a>\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng trong t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 say m\u00ea \u0111i th\u1eadt s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1eef, t\u1eebng \u00e2m ti\u1ebft, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng \u00e2m t\u1ed1, trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1. Mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn h\u1ebft t\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a anh, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u00e2m v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a anh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a qua ph\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fa (s\u1ed1 4, 84). Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, anh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u00e2m, t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e2m t\u1ed1, \u00e2m ti\u1ebft, \u00e2m t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u00e2m c\u00fa. Anh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00e2m \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 \u201c\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u\u201d, v\u1edbi si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 \u201cthanh \u0111i\u1ec7u\u201d (c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u00e2m).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u, c\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fa cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thanh trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t chia th\u00e0nh hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: cao \u0111\u1ed9 (hay \u00e2m v\u1ef1c<\/em>)\u2014Thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u cao (ngang, ng\u00e3, s\u1eafc) v\u00e0 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u1ea5p (huy\u1ec1n, h\u1ecfi, n\u1eb7ng); \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t (hay \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u<\/em>) c\u00f3 thanh b\u1eb1ng (ngang, huy\u1ec1n) v\u00e0 thanh tr\u1eafc (ng\u00e3, s\u1eafc, h\u1ecfi, n\u1eb7ng). Thanh tr\u1eafc l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh thanh g\u00e3y (ng\u00e3, h\u1ecfi)\u2014trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 curve tones<\/em>[5]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>,<\/em> hay contour<\/em>\u2014v\u00e0 thanh kh\u00f4ng g\u00e3y (s\u1eafc, n\u1eb7ng).<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi \u201ch\u00e0nh trang\u201d \u00e2m v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c t\u00e0i b\u00ecnh th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac. Khi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u00e2m v\u00e0 thanh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 th\u01a1, l\u1ed9t t\u1ea3 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong b\u00e0i Vang Vang Tr\u1eddi V\u00e0o Xu\u00e2n. <\/em>V\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ef5u ch\u00e2n\u00a0\u00a0
\n<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o kh<\/em>\u1ed5
\n<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Th\u1edf h\u00edt t\u1eadn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng
\n<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ng\u00e2y say \u0111o\u00e1 h\u1ed3ng r\u1ee3<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

… B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n qua thanh \u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1ch v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thanh b\u1eb1ng tr\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u201c\u0111\u1ecdc\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00ed kh\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ra ch\u1ec9 \u1ea9n s\u00e2u trong trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9, kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n

\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n th\u01a1 th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u gi\u1eefa, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea7n, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7u, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u1ea7n tr\u1eafc cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u hai, b\u1ed1n v\u00e0 v\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u m\u1ed9t, ba. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i v\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi s\u0129, c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef cho th\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1i th\u1ebf th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ee5c ng\u00e3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 o\u00e1n th\u00f9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. <\/em>(66)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Nh\u1eefng thanh tr\u1eafc trong c\u00e2u th\u01a1 l\u00e0m B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng thanh b\u1eb1ng khi\u1ebfn anh ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n

\n

Hai ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u201c\u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng\u201d, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m ti\u1ebft tr\u1eafc, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thanh tr\u1eafc cao, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft. T\u1eeb \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, thanh b\u1eb1ng, cao, v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 bu\u00f4ng l\u01a1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1i, v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n. <\/em>(66-67)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00cdt ai trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong kh\u00f4ng gian \u00e2m v\u00e0 thanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d trong c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ef5u ch\u00e2n<\/em> nh\u01b0 B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f9ng l\u1eafm l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, v\u1eady th\u00f4i. C\u00f2n v\u1edbi B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, h\u00ecnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u00e2m thanh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 thanh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 thanh b\u1eb1ng cao, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i nhu v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song trong m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thua s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1o r\u1eddi t\u1eebng ch\u1eef ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103m soi r\u1ed3i, B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac \u201cr\u00e1p\u201d ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, xem ch\u00fang ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u01a1 b\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady[6]<\/a>, th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm v\u00e0o t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c. Trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n trong t\u1eadp Th\u01a1 \u1ede \u0110\u00e2u Xa, <\/em>B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u201cgai g\u00f3c\u201d, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ec3 d\u00e2u, trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9.<\/p>\n

Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u00e2u th\u00fac nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quanh \u00f4ng, tu\u00f4n ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 th\u1eeba thanh tr\u1eafc, \u00edt thanh b\u1eb1ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1ebd ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00ecnh y\u00ean, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n b\u1eddi b\u1eddi t\u1ee7i h\u1eadn:<\/p>\n

\n

\u00d4ng r\u1ea5t hay d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00edt th\u1ea5y trong th\u01a1, nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1eafc-tr\u1eafc theo d\u1ea1ng cao-cao, m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng g\u00e3y, m\u1ed9t g\u00e3y (<\/em>\u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ef5u ch\u00e2n, ch\u00e1y r\u1ee1<\/strong> m\u00e2y h\u1ed3ng); th\u1ea5p-cao (theo d\u1ea1ng \u00edt th\u1ea5y, d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi \u0111i v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u ng\u00e3, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e3y: <\/em>\u0111\u1ee9ng ng\u00e2y tr\u1eddi \u1ea9m s\u0169ng<\/strong>); k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ba \u00e2m tr\u1eafc s\u00e1t nhau: <\/em>g\u1ecdi nghe bi\u1ec3n d\u1eady s\u00f3ng<\/strong>, th\u1edf h\u00edt t\u1eadn<\/strong> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, tim ta c\u0169ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecf<\/strong>, tho\u00e1ng l\u01a1i tay t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c ng\u00f3n<\/strong> t\u00ea m\u00ea, nh\u00ecn n\u1eafng lo\u00e9 \u00e1nh<\/strong> tr\u00ean t\u00e0n l\u00e1, m\u01b0a r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft<\/strong> \u0111ong \u0111\u01b0a b\u00fap l\u00e1 n\u00f5n<\/strong> (c\u00e2u th\u01a1 t\u00e1m \u00e2m ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi n\u0103m thanh tr\u1eafc cao, thanh cu\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i g\u00e3y). <\/em>(69)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u00e2m v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a anh. Trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, \u00e2m t\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u th\u01a1, theo khi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi g\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. M\u1ea5y ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn sau c\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i k\u00ednh l\u00fap v\u00e0 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng anh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi xanh cao v\u00fat gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdc. <\/em>V\u00e0 B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh \u201cm\u1ed5 x\u1ebb\u201d ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i trong ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u th\u01a1, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ng\u1eef \u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng l\u1eabn ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e2u th\u01a1 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

\n

\u2026 \u00c2m ti\u1ebft\u00a0ng\u1ecdc\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i mang trong n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thanh tr\u1eafc th\u1ea5p, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e3y, nh\u01b0ng \u00e2m t\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u201cc\u201d, \u201cc\u1edd\u201d [k] l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m t\u1eafc, v\u00f4 thanh[7]<\/strong><\/sup><\/a>, \u00e2m b\u1ecb t\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng \u201c\u0111\u00e1y gi\u1ebfng\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1eefng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng, trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea3o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdc lung linh l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh th\u01a1m v\u00e0 xanh bi\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. <\/em>(71)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

C\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u01a1, nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u00e2m thanh trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1. Anh \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh\u201d, thay v\u00ec \u201ckho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u00e2m thanh\u201d, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 R\u00edos \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nThi\/ho\u1ea1\/v\u0103n h\u1eefu c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong bu\u1ed5i ra m\u1eaft s\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 9 Khu\u00f4n M\u1eb7t. 9 Phong Kh\u00ed V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong>
\n<\/span>H\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i qua ph\u1ea3i: Phan T\u1ea5n H\u1ea3i, B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, Paulina \u0110\u00e0m, Nina Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh L\u00ea<\/strong><\/span>
\nH\u00e0ng ng\u1ed3i, t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i qua ph\u1ea3i: Tr\u1ea7n C. Tr\u00ed, \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u01a1 Th\u01a1, Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Th\u1ea9m Th\u1ee9c M\u1ed9t T\u00e1c Ph\u1ea9m Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt
\n<\/strong>Tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nh\u00ecn qua ph\u1ea7n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a thi s\u0129 B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng trong m\u1ed9t tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a anh. Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, h\u00ecnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a trong th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Trung Ni\u00ean Thi S\u0129, anh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u1eef \u00e2m s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u \u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng linh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qua c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 hay nh\u1eefng m\u1ef9 t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, ho\u00e1n d\u1ee5, so s\u00e1nh, v.v. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u00e2m thanh n\u1eefa. B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 B\u00e2y gi\u1edd em \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u<\/em>\/C<\/em>\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh m\u1ea9y em s\u1ea7u ra sao, <\/em>anh t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/p>\n

\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t \u00e2m h\u1ecdc, \u00e2m \u201c\u00e2u\u201d trong \u201cn\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ea7u\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m ch\u00fam. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 khi ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f4i m\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hay n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fam l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u00fam m\u00f4i t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 trao g\u1eedi, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/em>(356)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m nh\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng \u00e2m \u201c\u00e2u\u201d trong ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u00e2u\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac c\u00f2n \u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu\u201d lu\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong ch\u1eef n\u00e0y, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n ch\u1eef, v\u00e0 anh cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ng\u1eef \u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

\n

T\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u00e2u\u201d b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u201c\u0111\u1edd\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u00e0 khi ph\u00e1t ra, \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i \u1edf \u1ed5 r\u0103ng ph\u00eda sau nh\u1eefng r\u0103ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m tr\u00ean. Ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi \u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201capico-alveolar\u201d. G\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e2m [d] c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u201cdo, did\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/em>…<\/em> T\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u00e2u\u201d l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 thanh ph\u00f9 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7m b\u00ecnh. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, \u00e2u y\u1ebfm: Em \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u? <\/em>(356)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac c\u00f2n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e2u th\u01a1 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng, C\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh m\u1ea9y em s\u1ea7u ra sao<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef m\u1ef1c \u0111en n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng. Anh nghe ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 ch\u00e0ng thi s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u201cl\u00f9a b\u00f2 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3i sim tr\u00e1i ch\u00edn\u201d th\u1ee7 th\u1ec9 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u0169 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 \u201ckh\u00fac ru\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n Trung\u201d, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u1ecdng B\u1eafc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c. \u1ede ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh b\u1ed7ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3ng \u0111en, \u0111ang say s\u01b0a b\u00ecnh th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ng\u1eef \u00e2m b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

\n

T\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ea7u\u201d b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u201cs\u1edd\u201d, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 [s] (voiceless alveolar fricative) theo l\u1ed1i B\u1eafc, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 [\u023f] (voiceless postalveolar retroflex fricative) theo l\u1ed1i Nam ho\u1eb7c Trung, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m x\u00e1t xu\u00fdt (fricative), ph\u00e1t ra h\u01a1i gi\u00f3 (sibilant) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc theo l\u1ed1i Nam v\u00e0 Trung [\u023f] (\u00e2m qu<\/em>\u1eb7<\/em>t l\u01b0\u1ee1i) th\u00ec cu\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n v\u00f2m c\u1ee9ng \u1edf ngay sau \u1ed5 r\u0103ng c\u1eeda h\u00e0m tr\u00ean, h\u01a1i gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9n, \u00e9p l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y ra m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc theo l\u1ed1i B\u1eafc [s] (\u00e2m ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng) th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u00e2m [d] trong \u201c\u0111\u00e2u\u201d. B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Trung, cho n\u00ean ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cs\u1ea7u\u201d v\u1edbi \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 [\u023f]. T\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ea7u\u201d, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00e2m gi\u00f3 th\u1edf m\u1ea1nh ra (d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nghe n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u00e2m [s]), l\u1ea1i th\u00eam thanh tr\u1ea7m b\u00ecnh (huy\u1ec1n) \u0111\u00e8 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft tha, n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n, da di\u1ebft, r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a thi s\u0129. <\/em>(356)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi gi\u1edd m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u01a1 m\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m v\u00e0 thanh nh\u01b0 B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac. Anh d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong thi ca. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 v\u0103n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u0103ng hoa t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong th\u01a1 ca ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o qua ph\u1ea7n tinh hoa nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c hay ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u01a1 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadn nh\u00ecn \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh\u201d, th\u00ec \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, v\u00e0 B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta soi r\u1ecdi ch\u00f3i chang v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c, tr\u00e1i tim, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i hoa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n C. Tr\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] <\/a>M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u201cauditory imagery\u201d, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u201ch\u00ecnh dung\u201d ra \u00e2m thanh.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n <\/em>\u201cSound exists or does not exist in a poem–that is, as a reader you are very aware of it, or else it makes no\u00a0particular<\/em>\u00a0difference.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>These two conditions may be thought of as sonic intensity and sonic distance.\u00a0 Sonic intensity is when the sound is everything in a poem.\u00a0 Sonic distance, on the other hand, is when sound is simply one more part of whatever makes the poem successful.\u201d Mooring Against the Tide: Writing Fiction and Poetry.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Ed. Jeff Knorr and Tim Schell.\u00a0 Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001.\u00a0 “Degas in Vegas: Some Thoughts on Sound in Poetry.”\u00a0 34-37.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Nam L\u00ea ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef trong t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u201cdiacritical\u201d (\u2018thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 d\u1ea5u gi\u1ecdng\u2019) th\u00e0nh danh ng\u1eef \u201cdire critical\u201d (\u2018l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c\u2019).<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Le, Nam. tr\u00edch trong “36 WAYS OF WRITING A VIETNAMESE POEM.”\u00a0The American Poetry Review<\/em>, vol. 52, no. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2023, pp. 23+.\u00a0Gale Literature Resource<\/em><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Andrea Hoa Pham, The Key Phonetic Properties of Vietnamese Tones: A Reassessment<\/em> – Paper at the 15th<\/sup> International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona, 2003.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e1m\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft trong c\u00e2u th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cthanh\u201d d\u00f9ng trong ph\u1ea7n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac ch\u1ec9 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00e2m v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc\/phonology, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201ctone\u201d, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u201cthanh s\u1eafc\u201d\/high-level tone (nh\u01b0 trong c\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t); kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec (d\u00f9ng trong tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y) thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc\/phonetics, trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201cvoicing\u201d. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u00e2m [k] l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 thanh\u201d\/voiceless, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00e2m [g] (c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u00e2m ng\u1ea1c m\u1ec1m\/velar consonant) l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u201ch\u1eefu thanh\u201d\/voiced.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u1ecdc B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc.\u00a0
\nTrong c\u00f5i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n th\u01a1 v\u1eeba m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i, v\u1eeba t\u1ec9 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2204,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-nhan-dinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2204"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99757"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99757\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100367,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99757\/revisions\/100367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}