![\"clip_image002\"](\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/clip_image002-2.jpg\" "\\"clip_image002\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n\u2026.N\u1ed7i \u0111au chung t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn chinh \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e2u l\u1eafm, g\u1ea7n 30 m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 cho T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c California<\/i>, m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c do t\u00f4i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u bang Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 California, Texas, Virginia, Washington State, Oregon, Washington D.C., vv. trong kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n 2 n\u0103m, chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi, xen k\u1ebd ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1. T\u00f4i ng\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1997 khi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec gi\u1edd vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n hay h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Kh\u1edfi H\u00e0nh<\/i> v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u00ean Linh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1996. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c California<\/i> di chuy\u1ec3n sang Kh\u1edfi H\u00e0nh<\/i>, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7c<\/i>, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i h\u1ea7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nguy\u1ec7t san chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1ed7i khi t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1t ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (c\u0169ng tr\u00ean Kh\u1edfi H\u00e0nh<\/i>), m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i l\u00e0m th\u00eam b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 k\u00fd T\u00f2a so\u1ea1n h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7c<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean Kh\u1edfi H\u00e0nh<\/i>-S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1edbi t\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 V\u1eadt<\/i>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Kh\u1edfi H\u00e0nh<\/i>-Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5, 2018, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb khi t\u00f4i c\u0169ng su\u00fdt …\u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n v\u00ec M\u1ed9t tr\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m kha\/Ba c\u00e1i l\u0103ng nh\u0103ng n\u00f3 qu\u1ea5y ta<\/i> (m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u01a1 Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng) tr\u00f2n nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng 4 m\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m nay t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 s\u1eafp tr\u00f4i qua trong c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4. 2018, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ri\u00eang t\u00f4i hay cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u k\u00e8m th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c California<\/i> hay Ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7c-Kh\u1edfi H\u00e0nh<\/i>, t\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00eau tr\u00ean\/all of the above<\/i>. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, 2 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7n, S\u00e0i g\u00f2n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1eaft t\u00f4i:<\/p>\n [.\u2026] Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1ea7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda. V\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea7m qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Nam – B\u1eafc, ph\u00e2n tranh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch \u1ea5y- NH\u1eeeNG NG\u01af\u1edcI TH\u1ea4T TH\u1ebe -Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh cho mi\u1ec1n Nam, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (.\u2026) Cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, phim \u1ea3nh hay s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng ch\u00e0 x\u00e1t n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng minh VNCH, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u00f4 li\u00eam s\u1ec9. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn b\u0103n kho\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh?.\u2026 [Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7n, “Ng\u00e0y 30\/4. <\/i>V\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed”, Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7<\/i>, Ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4, https:\/\/www.diendantheky.net\/2023\/04\/nguyen-vien-ngay-304-vet-thuong-hoai-tu.html]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n \u0110o\u1ea1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eabn:<\/p>\n […] \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i th\u00eam: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 VNCH, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn coi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh 1954-1975 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cCu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d (…) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?.\u2026 [Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7n, “Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7<\/i>: Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng T\u01b0”, Ng\u00e0y 30. 4.2023, https:\/\/www.diendantheky.net\/2023\/04\/nhung-cau-hoi-cho-ngay-30-thang-tu.html#more]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i nh\u1edb t\u1edbi, tuy kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung (ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1eb7ng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi) c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7:<\/p>\n [.\u2026] L\u00e0m g\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1i x\u1ee9 s\u1edf t\u00fd hon n\u00e0y. L\u00e0m g\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng khai th\u00e1c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean.\u2026 [L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung, “L\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb”, Ba n\u0103m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n<\/i>, trang 120, Nam S\u01a1n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, 1966]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Qua m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c, b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c California<\/i>. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i xem ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ai gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ea5y<\/i> (Th\u1ebf L\u1eef) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ta<\/i> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd<\/i>? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i c\u0169ng k\u00e8m th\u00eam 2 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o b\u00e0i n\u00e0y. L\u00fd do \u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eeda m\u00e1y in, m\u00e1y scan, m\u00e1y computer, m\u00e1y h\u00fat b\u1ee5i, m\u00e1y xay tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, m\u00e1y may tr\u1eeb m\u00e1y xe h\u01a1i, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi Google tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n Ban Tham m\u01b0u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111ang b\u1eadn xem x\u00e9t m\u00e1y in, m\u00e1y scan, m\u00e1y computer, m\u00e1y h\u00fat b\u1ee5i, m\u00e1y xay tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, m\u00e1y may v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y xe h\u01a1i cho phu nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Google, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n Ban Tham m\u01b0u khi kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do xe h\u01a1i c\u1ee9 m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ed m\u1eadt hay t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e3 thay b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 so\u00e1t l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Google c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m Google \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng suy ng\u1eabm c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh suy ng\u1eabm c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng<\/i> h\u01a1n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, gi\u00fap t\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n “t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a” v\u00e0 “t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea7y t\u1ecf th\u00eam \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c–ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh–c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ed3ng minh Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n 1.<\/b> <\/b>Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a<\/b> v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 do<\/b><\/p>\n Theo t\u00f4i, v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1eefa T\u1ef1 Do v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n. Cu\u1ed9c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1954, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u1ee5 C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t long tr\u1eddi l\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5<\/i>t, v\u1ee5 Tr\u0103m hoa \u0111ua n\u1edf<\/i>, v\u1ee5 t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng b\u1ecb th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o g\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea7u l\u01b0u vong t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa. H\u1ed3 H\u1eefu T\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam, sau 1975, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u1eddi ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 sau khi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n giam gi\u1eef. Nh\u1eefng anh em, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u1ef1 do. Nh\u00f3m Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi M\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ed7, Nghi\u00eam Xu\u00e2n H\u1ed3ng vv. di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Nam. Nh\u00f3m S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 T\u1ebf, Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean vv. s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 sau 1975 c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/p>\n Ph\u00eda Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a-Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng “Ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc”, k\u00e8m kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u “\u0110\u00e1nh cho M\u1ef9 c\u00fat Ng\u1ee5y nh\u00e0o” (v\u00e0 “\u0110\u00e1nh cho t\u1edbi c\u00f2n c\u00e1i lai qu\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh”!), \u0111\u00f3ng x\u1eadp b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n tre. Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a-Mi\u1ec1n Nam T\u1ef1 Do ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1953-1954, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa sau t\u00f4i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean–g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thanh n\u1eef thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u00e3m hi\u1ebfp t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ed3ng con–\u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft ra \u0111i. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, qua nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 t\u00f4i d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng, “T\u1ef1 Do” l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7y t\u1ecf c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 h\u01a1n qua s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. “T\u1ef1 Do” c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u1ec1n Nam b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111i sau 1975.<\/p>\n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i v\u00f5 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eeba g\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eady t\u1eeb b\u00e0n tay s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c T\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, h\u1ea7u thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i gia trong v\u0103n gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Gabriel Marc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez, r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n–kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u1ecdn “t\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ch s\u00e8” (ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n)– m\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u00e0 Lady Borton, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean thi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Quaker ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1eaby n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i, sau 1975, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t trung th\u00e0nh. Sau 1975, Lady Borton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00fac cung t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n m\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (hay b\u1ecb) nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh\/d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0110inh T\u1eeb B\u00edch Th\u00fay t\u1eb7ng cho b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef do c\u00f4 ph\u00e1t minh: “N\u1eef Quy\u1ec1n D\u00e9p R\u00e2u”. Ch\u1eef “d\u00e9p r\u00e2u” \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n [.\u2026] N\u00e0ng Th\u01a1 Ng\u1ea1o M\u1ea1n<\/i> c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u201ckosher\u201d c\u1ee7a gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam [.\u2026] Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 M\u00e1c-x\u00edt v\u1eabn \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o N\u00e0ng Th\u01a1 Ng\u1ea1o M\u1ea1n<\/i>. Lady Borton th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trong b\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1 c\u00f4ng phu v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i […] N\u00e0ng Th\u01a1 Ng\u1ea1o M\u1ea1n<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n thi ca ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u2013 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 qua nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eb7ng tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cd\u1ecbch\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a\u201d qua Anh ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 Lady Borton v\u00e0 Grace Paley. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft mong r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ec3 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee9ng ng\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u1ebb trong tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp, ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhen nh\u00fam m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n\/\u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. [\u0110inh T\u1eeb B\u00edch Th\u00fay, “N\u1eef quy\u1ec1n d\u00e9p r\u00e2u”, Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Da M\u00e0u<\/i>, ng\u00e0y 17.8.2007, https:\/\/damau.org\/5919\/nu-quyen-dep-rau]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, Lady Borton kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 “d\u1ecbch” l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Th\u01a1 N\u1eef Quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo tr\u00f2ng k\u00ednh C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n, b\u00e0 c\u00f2n “d\u1ecbch” vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1) sau 1975 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kham n\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n khi con h\u00f9m Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn. S\u1ed1 l\u00e0, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985, khi nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u00ec vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn, b\u00e0 Lady Borton x\u1ec9 m\u1ea1 \u0111\u00edch danh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n\/ ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e0i g\u00f2n trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i New York do Asia Society<\/i> t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 7 t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y 9, th\u00e1ng 5. 1985:<\/p>\n [.\u2026] Lady Borton g\u00f3p \u00fd r\u1eb1ng l\u00fd do th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng (xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t) t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n sau s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3. Khi c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 (\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi) ch\u1eb7t lu\u00f4n nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe Honda c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 mang ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0o ‘th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i xe \u0111\u1ea1p’. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean h\u1ecd (m\u1edbi) b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y … [Timothy J. Lomperis, “Reading the Wind<\/i>“-The Literature of the Vietnam War<\/i>, trang 20, Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Duke University Press, 1987] (1) <\/b><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong khi Lady Borton ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, kho\u1ea3ng 1975-1985, Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 con c\u1ecdp gi\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975. B\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00fa l\u1eeba ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00e1 quan v\u0103n v\u00f5 qua Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris, h\u1ecd tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a “\u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 phong t\u1ecfa kinh t\u1ebf, n\u00f3i n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 “c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn”. Do \u0111\u00f3, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn tranh” n\u1ebfu y\u00eau s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch “K\u1ebb th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3”. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi “k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch” theo qu\u1ed1c lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u00ec B\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a K\u1ebb th\u00f9 ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i B\u1ea1n ta<\/i>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris nh\u01b0 con dao tr\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o s\u01b0\u1eddn, Hoa K\u1ef3 nay \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh “\u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n” nh\u01b0 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u l\u1ea5y c\u1edb x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm Mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n Honda, Suzuki \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n an to\u00e0n tr\u00ean xa l\u1ed9, thanh l\u1ecbch trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/i> l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f2n may m\u1eafn! H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u00f5 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n khi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c VNCH ra \u0111i. \u0110\u00fang, C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng T\u1ef1 Do m\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\/business<\/i> \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1ea1i giao\/diplomacy<\/i> theo sau. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e3i b\u1ecf c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u l\u1ea5y xu\u1ed1ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u “k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch” c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i bang giao v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t nam. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb Nam ch\u00ed B\u1eafc “b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y” bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh “kh\u00fac ru\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m” thay v\u00ec b\u1ecdn “ng\u1ee5y li\u1ebfm g\u00f3t gi\u1ea7y t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n” r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do sinh s\u1ed1ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe Vespa, Honda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 xe h\u01a1i t\u00e2n k\u1ef3 h\u01a1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1eb7ng r\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4 d\u00e2u Lady Borton, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh si c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n, ra kh\u1ecfi “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1” c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u00e0.<\/p>\n C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn (hay n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda” (Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7n) hay “nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 “nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng khai th\u00e1c” “nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t” (L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung) l\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1eed l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a 2 c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c, m\u1ed7i b\u00ean quy t\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m anh h\u00e0o, c\u00f3 khi \u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thay cho h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec, trong khi Nga x\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3” v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 trong b\u00ed m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng Hoa K\u1ef3–ngu\u1ed3n “t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3” ch\u00ednh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t cho Mi\u1ec1n Nam–th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng khai trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ba-b\u00ean gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Military-Industrial Complex<\/i>. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3i s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 “t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u00ec t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o 1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3. H\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh kh\u1ed1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n t\u1eeb Nga X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 300.000 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh Trung C\u1ed9ng (n\u1ebfu tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang) t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng (l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u), kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 Nga X\u00f4 l\u1eabn Trung C\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh Trung c\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u “Ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u N\u01b0\u1edbc” nh\u1eafm c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (b\u1ecb b\u01b0ng b\u00edt tin t\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi S\u00e0i g\u00f2n trong \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n [.\u2026] Ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng hay sao? T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: n\u1ebfu sau 20 n\u0103m chinh chi\u1ebfn, trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u0129 th\u00f5a nh\u01b0 Saigon…” (L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung, “L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u-Ng\u00e0y 30-12-66”, Ba n\u0103m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n<\/i>, trang 11]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y xa x\u01b0a, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00fd do n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung d\u00e1m \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n g\u1ecdi S\u00e0i g\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u0129 th\u00f5a”? C\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean? C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn: \u00d4ng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 VNCH t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a hai th\u1ee9 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c xa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a thua tr\u1eadn khi Hoa K\u1ef3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00fat lui. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe t\u0103ng (v\u00e2ng, xe t\u0103ng n\u00ean chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt “du k\u00edch” c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i T\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i), ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111i. Theo nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea s\u01a1 s\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 t\u1edbi n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00f9ng Th\u0103ng v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u00e2m th\u01a1 H\u1ed3 \u0110i\u1ec7p (Ban Tao \u0110\u00e0n) b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 s\u00e1t khi tr\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 vv. Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eefa? Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 li\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u01b0 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t ra sao? L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ri\u00eang v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n 2. <\/b>Hoa K\u1ef3<\/b> v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975<\/b><\/p>\n T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean, nh\u1ea1c s\u0129, v\u0103n s\u0129, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1eef v\u0103n s\u0129 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn tranh \u0111\u1ea5u cho n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t c\u1ecd x\u00e1m ngo\u00e9t v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh Mi\u1ec1n Nam. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u1eddng xi\u1ebfc trang b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i loa ph\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Tuy kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi, ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c–bi\u1ec3u t\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng–\u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n th\u1ee9 tin t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c thi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng ngay t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i g\u00f2n. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i-g\u1ecdi-l\u00e0 Student’s Union of Saigon\/<\/i> T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i sinh vi\u00ean S\u00e0i g\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c x\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng S\u00e0i g\u00f2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m ong v\u00f2 v\u1ebd. Nh\u00e0 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n Germaine Greer vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i-T\u1ed5ng-h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft “c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 g\u00e1i b\u00e1n bar, g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm, v\u00e0 g\u00e1i bao d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i g\u00f2n. H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 400.000 c\u00f4…”[Germaine Greer, The Madwoman’s Underclothes: Essays and Occasional Wrtings<\/i>, trang 97, 1986] (2). Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c do hai b\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y con s\u1ed1 200.000 r\u1ed3i 400.000 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 500.000! D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 S\u00e0i g\u00f2n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e3o \u1ea5u?!<\/p>\n H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1eefa Mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh danh ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a “th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u”\/highbrow<\/i> l\u1eabn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian\/ \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang\/l\u00e1 c\u1ea3i\/lowbrow <\/i>c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tinh vi v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea3 Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u1eabn Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i k\u00edch.<\/p>\n 2.1 Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i k\u00edch v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a <\/b><\/p>\n <\/b>C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho Mi\u1ec1n Nam. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, k\u00fd gi\u1ea3, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed mu\u1ed1n thay th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 Mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u01b0 tham nh\u0169ng, \u0103n ch\u01a1i xa x\u1ec9, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u vv. kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u1ec1n Nam, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? Mu\u1ed1n x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n cho c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ec1n Nam, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p tin t\u1ee9c cho b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n 2.1.1 B\u00e1o ch\u00ed th\u00e2n C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n-M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/b><\/p>\n L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam, l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam (VHMN) n\u00ean t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3… tra h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do xem ra qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a VNCH. L\u1eafm khi, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi Mi\u1ec1n Nam, ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 VNCH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh sau \u0111\u00e2y. Tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o C\u00f4ng L\u00fd<\/i> \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 VNCH v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam ng\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb: CH\u00cdNH-PH\u1ee6 C\u1ed8NG-H\u00d2A V.N. Trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 do \u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0m m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c trong khi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed th\u00e2n C\u1ed9ng hay n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do “xung k\u00edch” ngay tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt S\u00e0i g\u00f2n. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh b\u00eca t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea5t N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> s\u1ed1 14, th\u00e1ng 10. 1969 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ngay t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, qua m\u1eb7t S\u1edf ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea5t N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> s\u1ed1 14, th\u00e1ng 10. 1969 <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Ng\u1ecdc Ng\u0169 Long, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i g\u00f2n sau 1975, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 14. Tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng \u0111\u0103ng hay to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 trang b\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p trong b\u00e0i r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i theo l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea5t N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> l\u1eabn Tr\u00ecnh B\u1ea7y<\/i> hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i g\u00f2n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i xin tr\u00edch l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5t N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ra sao khi cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf Nguy\u00ean\/Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee7 (thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea5t N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> v\u00e0 Nh\u00f3m Tr\u00ecnh B\u1ea7y<\/i>) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m:<\/p>\n [.\u2026] Sau khi B\u00e1c m\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 anh em ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. V\u1eady l\u00e0, trong s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o c\u00f3 4 b\u00e0i l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi b\u00e0i ‘M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng’ tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o ch\u00ed trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc (…) B\u00e0i th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Jean Lacouture (…) do Di\u1ec5m Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch (…) B\u00e0i th\u1ee9 ba ‘T\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng’ c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y g\u1ea7n 20 trang (…) B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 ‘N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t’ c\u1ee7a GS L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.\u2026 [Ng\u00f4 Ng\u1ecdc Ng\u0169 Long, “V\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ca ng\u1ee3i B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 vi\u1ebft trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecbch”)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n C\u0169ng theo Ng\u00f4 Ng\u1ecdc Ng\u0169 Long, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00fd Ch\u00e1nh Trung l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat nguy\u1ec7t san \u0110\u1ea5t N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> (s\u0111d). T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho bi\u1ebft, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 in ri\u00eang ngay t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia Th\u1ebf Nguy\u00ean ki\u00eam t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 291 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00fd Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5, nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng in \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 s\u1ed1 trong 3 ng\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ngay qua ng\u1ea3 b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh “kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n tr\u0103m cu\u1ed1n m\u1edbi n\u1ed9p l\u01b0u chi\u1ec3u”. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, s\u1edf ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t t\u1ecbch thu h\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed9n. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5t N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i>. Theo Ng\u00f4 Ng\u1ecdc Ng\u0169 Long th\u00ec “t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u1edd b\u00e1o b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10.1969, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh t\u1edd \u0110\u1ea5t N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> s\u1ed1 18, th\u00e1ng 2 & 3.1970 tr\u00ean Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n S\u00e1ch X\u01b0a<\/i>. H\u1ecd l\u1ea1i t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hay cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1970 v\u1edbi t\u1edd Tr\u00ecnh B\u1ea7y<\/i>. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1eefa, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng Tr\u00ecnh B\u1ea7y<\/i>:<\/p>\n
\nG\u00f3p ti\u1ebfng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c Kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh
\nB\u1eb1ng b\u00fat m\u1ef1c thay cho s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n
\nG\u00ecn gi\u1eef t\u1ea5m d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng niu \u00e1o tr\u1eadn
\nSao \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd r\u00e1ch t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i
\nT\u1ea5c son c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi.\u2026
\n<\/em>Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Cao Ti\u00eau<\/strong>\/ \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e1 C\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ee5c T\u00e2m L\u00fd chi\u1ebfn Qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a
\nng\u00e0y 17.9.1996
\n\u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Kh\u1edfi H\u00e0nh-Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp ra m\u1eaft S\u1ed1 1, th\u00e1ng 11.1996<\/p>\n\n
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<\/a><\/p>\n
\nCh\u00fang t\u00f4i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: M\u1eb6T TR\u1eacN GI\u1ea2I -PH\u00d3NG M.N.
\nT\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Trung”
\nTu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o C\u00f4ng L\u00fd<\/i>, s\u1ed1 5, kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 11.1964
\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cornell<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m Joan Kim, S\u00e1ch X\u01b0a<\/i><\/p>\n\n