![\"clip_image002\"](\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/clip_image002-1.jpg\" "\\"clip_image002\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nNh\u00e0 th\u01a1, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn v\u00e0 con trai C\u00f9 Huy H\u00e0 V\u0169, sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i Paris, 1984 Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng phong ki\u1ebfn<\/b><\/p>\n C\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao Trung Hoa. Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 Nho gi\u00e1o, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 th\u01b0, Ng\u0169 kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u00e1ng gi\u00eang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111i thi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m quan n\u00ean n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0 khoa c\u1eed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1ed3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ec9nh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee7, tr\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ec7n, \u201cc\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, kh\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c C\u1ed1ng sinh cho Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed gi\u00e1m, th\u00ed sinh d\u1ef1 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng, thi H\u1ed9i\u201d (1) Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. <\/a><\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t\u2013B\u1ed3\u2013La (Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum) <\/a>c\u1ee7a Alexandre de Rhodes, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1651, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 20 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khoa c\u1eed k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 (1919). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c \u201cc\u1eafp s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/p>\n Nho sinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng bia ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu \u2013 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed Gi\u00e1m, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Nam Vi\u1ec7t D\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7p T\u1ef1 v\u1ecb (Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum<\/a>) c\u1ee7a Pigneaux v\u00e0 Taberd, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1838, c\u00f3 \u201cnhu sinh\u201d, \u201cnhu s\u0129\u201d, \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d.<\/p>\n Trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n An Nam – Pha Lang Sa (Dictionnaire Annamite-Fran\u00e7ais) <\/a>c\u1ee7a J.M.J., xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1877, c\u00f3 \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d.<\/p>\n Trong Ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Ph\u00e1p <\/b><\/a>(<\/b>Petit dictionnaire Annamite-Fran\u00e7ais<\/a>) c\u1ee7a Vallot, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1904, c\u00f3 \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d.<\/p>\n Ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Ph\u00e1p (Petit dictionnaire Annamite-Fran\u00e7ais) <\/a><\/a>c\u1ee7a Genibrel, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1906, d\u1ecbch \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e9tudiant, \u00e9colier, \u00e9l\u00e8ve\u201d.<\/p>\n <\/a>Vi\u1ec7t Nam T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Khai Tr\u00ed Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c<\/a> g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 c\u1ef1u Nho, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1931, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d. Theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chua ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u751f\u54e1<\/a> (gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, \u751f\u5458), c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb H\u00e1n-Vi\u1ec7t. <\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfp theo, trong H\u00e1n \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu<\/a>, \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc sinh cao \u0111\u1eb3ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t do Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00ea ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean. Theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u1edf b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc\u201d. <\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d hay \u201cNho sinh\u201d, \u201cNho s\u0129\u201d (m\u00e0 hai t\u1eeb sau c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u201ctheo l\u1ed1i T\u00e2y\u201d. <\/a><\/p>\n C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ngay Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc sinh\u201d (\u5927\u5b66\u751f<\/b>) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u201ctheo l\u1ed1i T\u00e2y\u201d. <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, b\u1eadt ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d c\u00f3 trong t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi?<\/p>\n Ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/b><\/p>\n Theo t\u00f4i, <\/a>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a> (Universit\u00e9 Indochinoise) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1514a ng\u00e0y 16\/5\/1906 c\u1ee7a To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Paul Beau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d. <\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u 1 c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p) ghi: \u201cNay th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d x\u1ee9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng\u201d. V\u1eabn theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ed3m 5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a>, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Y khoa (n\u0103m 1913 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Y \u2013 D\u01b0\u1ee3c), Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (1906-1945) <\/b><\/p>\n Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1907, kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai gi\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi ba ph\u00e2n khoa: V\u0103n, Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 193 h\u1ecdc sinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i 1908, tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng nha Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c B\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 b\u1edfi To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Antony Klobukowski, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch “chinh ph\u1ee5c tinh th\u1ea7n” d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Paul Beau (Klobukowski c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec1 Th\u00e1m). <\/p>\n M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau, ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1917, To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Albert Sarraut, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cai tr\u1ecb m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u00e3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 9\/3\/1945. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i toan t\u00ednh l\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eadc cao \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi Nho h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t 2 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1919. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng: N\u00f4ng L\u00e2m, Th\u00fa y, S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn 1941, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1eeba khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng kinh ph\u00ed do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Li\u00ean bang \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n Nho h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 4 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 k\u00e8m t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu Ph\u00e1p \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t – Ph\u00e1p\u201d (Grammaire Annamite, suivie d’un vocabulaire Fran\u00e7ais-Annamite et Annamite-Fran\u00e7ais<\/a>) c\u1ee7a Aubaret xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1867 d\u1ecbch \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d.<\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, Ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t (Petit dictionnaire Fran\u00e7ais-Annamite<\/a>) c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1884, d\u1ecbch \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 nghe s\u00e1ch\u201d. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1eeb di\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p \u2013 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda (Dictionnaire Franco-Tonkinois illustr\u00e9)<\/a> c\u1ee7a P.G.V, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1898, <\/i>t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y d\u1ecbch \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d <\/a>l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d, \u201ck\u1ebb h\u1ecdc\u201d. <\/p>\n T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, , Ph\u00e1p \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu (Lexique Franco-Annamite<\/a>) c\u1ee7a Ravier et Dronet xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1903, Vi\u1ec7t – Ph\u00e1p T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu (Petit Lexique Annamite-Fran\u00e7ais<\/a>) c\u1ee7a A.L. Pilon xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n1908 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00fai (Petit lexique de poche fran\u00e7ais-annamite<\/a>) c\u1ee7a Paul Maheu xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1910, \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d. <\/a><\/p>\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7 ra l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt (c\u1ef1u Nho h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c uy\u00ean th\u00e2m ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1 r\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d? \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nho h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n Nho h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai b\u1eadc: Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 tu\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 10 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a thi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d Nho h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng l\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u201c\u00e9l\u00e8ve\u201d, \u201c\u00e9colier\u201d, (h\u1ecdc sinh Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc), coll\u00e9gien hay lyc\u00e9en (h\u1ecdc sinh Trung h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d (h\u1ecdc sinh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc) trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nho h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc hay Trung h\u1ecdc \u201ctheo l\u1ed1i T\u00e2y\u201d. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y quay sang ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu khi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb hai ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nay, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa phong ki\u1ebfn hay ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u751f\u54e1, ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. <\/a><\/p>\n \u0110\u00f4i b\u1ea1n tri k\u1ef7 Huy C\u1eadn (C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn) v\u00e0 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u (Ng\u00f4 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u) \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1940, th\u1eddi hai \u00f4ng l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Theo B\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9 H\u00e1n ng\u1eef (baidu hanyu<\/a>) c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u751f\u5458 (gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u751f\u54e1) hay \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Minh v\u00e0 Thanh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 <\/a>ch\u1ec9 \u201cc\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua k\u1ef3 thi c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u1eadn, huy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00fa t\u00e0i\u201d( \u660e\u6e05\u4e24\u4ee3\u79f0\u901a<\/b>\u8fc7\u6700\u4f4e\u4e00\u7ea7\u8003\u8bd5\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5e9c\u3001\u53bf\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u751f\u5458\u6709\u5e94\u4e61\u8bd5\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u901a\u79f0\u79c0\u624d<\/b>). Do thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng (2) l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d.<\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u201ct\u00fa t\u00e0i\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, trong Ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t (Petit dictionnaire Fran\u00e7ais-Annamite<\/a>) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd d\u1ecbch \u201ct\u00fa t\u00e0i (= sinh \u0111\u1ed3 = \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3)\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cbachelier\u201d, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p trong khi \u201ct\u00fa t\u00e0i\u201d trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Nho h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, cho d\u00f9 x\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i b\u1ea3ng, sau c\u1eed nh\u00e2n. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec Nho h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai b\u1eadc l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 danh v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 Trung h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p – \u201cbachelier\u201d – Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00e2n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ebfp \u201ct\u00fa t\u00e0i\u201d ngang \u201cbachelier\u201d trong khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng \u201cc\u1eed nh\u01a1n\u201d(c\u1eed nh\u00e2n) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a \u201clicenci\u00e9\u201d l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p. <\/p>\n H\u1eb3n tham kh\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u01a1ngV\u0129nh K\u00fd n\u00ean Ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Ph\u00e1p (Petit dictionnaire Annamite-Fran\u00e7ais) c\u1ee7a Genibrel, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1906, d\u1ecbch \u201csinh \u0111\u1ed3\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cbachelier\u201d. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh, trong H\u00e1n \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, cho d\u00f9 ghi ch\u00fa \u201ct\u00fa t\u00e0i\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eadu h\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed1i\u201d, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn d\u1ecbch danh v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cbachelier\u201d.<\/p>\n C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0o 1907 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 r\u01b0\u1ee1i sau, \u0111\u1ebfn 1931, \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Khai Tr\u00ed Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c. Theo t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1917 v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 t\u1eeb 1922 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1edbi 500. V\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u2018sinh vi\u00ean\u201dc\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u201ctheo l\u1ed1i T\u00e2y\u201d \u1ea5y c\u00f3 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u, b\u00e1c ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 cha nu\u00f4i t\u00f4i (Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Lu\u1eadt kh\u00f3a 1937 \u2013 1940) v\u00e0 Huy C\u1eadn, th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 t\u00f4i (Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng N\u00f4ng L\u00e2m kh\u00f3a 1939-1942).<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3\/1942, \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u201ctheo l\u1ed1i T\u00e2y\u201d – \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. <\/font><\/a><\/p>\n Bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i Sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (AGEI) B\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u201cSinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0nh kh\u00fac\u201d (c\u00f3 t\u00ean Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Marche des \u00c9tudiants) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c n\u0103m 1939 b\u1edfi L\u01b0u H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc (nh\u1ea1c) v\u00e0 Mai V\u0103n B\u1ed9 (l\u1eddi), h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc Petrus K\u00fd. Hai n\u0103m sau, n\u0103m 1941, khi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Y \u2013 D\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Association G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des \u00c9tudiants Indochinois) ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m b\u00e0i h\u00e1t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i. Huy C\u1eadn cha t\u00f4i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: \u201cN\u0103m 1942, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ee7y vi\u00ean Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 tham gia Vi\u1ec7t Minh. \u00d4ng Hi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u1ea5y \u201cMarche des \u00c9tudiants\u201d r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i Nh\u1eadt \u2013 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c thi \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t cho b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 L\u00ea Kh\u1eafc Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7ng Ng\u1ecdc T\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Y \u2013 D\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00fang gi\u1ea3i Nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i Nh\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean\u201d ra \u0111\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Marche des \u00c9tudiants v\u00e0 \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia Vi\u1ec7t Minh. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m th\u00f4i th\u00fac l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. Th\u00e1ng 3\/1944, t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u, tham gia Vi\u1ec7t Minh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u 1942, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bu\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cSinh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n\u201d n\u00f3i l\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a thi s\u0129 h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cThanh ni\u00ean v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p.\u201d<\/p>\n Sau Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve 1954, cha t\u00f4i v\u00e0 L\u01b0u H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a. Cha t\u00f4i l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u00eam b\u00ed th\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111o\u00e0n B\u1ed9, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nh\u1ea1c-V\u0169 thu\u1ed9c V\u1ee5 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ed3i V\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng V\u1ee5 \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c. L\u01b0u H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi cha t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 24 \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u00ec \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi thanh ni\u00ean\u201d, m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u201cTi\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u00e1t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y piano c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ra l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c xong, cha t\u00f4i k\u00e9o nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u00e0o th\u0103m v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 (2). Nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u1ea5y L\u01b0u H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1c t\u00f4i, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1943 \u2013 1944 khi c\u00f9ng tham gia l\u00e0m tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o Thanh ni\u00ean do Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ea5n Ph\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n ra in, h\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m th\u01a1. Ch\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u00e1t r\u1ea5t hay. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ca \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ca Hu\u1ebf, l\u00fd con s\u00e1o, l\u00fd sang s\u00f4ng, l\u00fd ng\u1ef1a \u00f4, ng\u00e2m sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u00e1t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t T\u00e2y\u2026 <\/p>\n V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1965, L\u01b0u H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o Nam \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a> (3), n\u01a1i \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng r\u1ed3i B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Th\u00f4ng tin – V\u0103n h\u00f3a trong Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e0o t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t cha t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi xin th\u00eam \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chia tay, cha t\u00f4i \u00f4m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng th\u1eb7t ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u00e8 n\u0103m 1942 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed7 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 N\u00f4ng L\u00e2m. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1edb n\u0103m \u1ea5y l\u1ec5 m\u00e3n kh\u00f3a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Op\u00e9ra de Hanoi (nay l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t l\u1edbn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i – CHHV). To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Decoux v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan v\u0103n v\u00f5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam khi \u201cMarche des \u00c9tudiants\u201d c\u1ee7a L\u01b0u H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1eed l\u00ean.\u201d (4). <\/p>\n
(\u1ea2nh: C\u00f9 Huy H\u00e0 V\u0169<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
(\u1ea2nh: Tri th\u1ee9c & Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng)<\/a><\/b><\/em><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
(\u1ea2nh:<\/em> <\/em>B\u00e1o Thanh Ni\u00ean<\/em><\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
(\u1ea2nh: C\u00f9 Huy H\u00e0 V\u0169<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
(\u1ea2nh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/em>)<\/p>\n
![Petit lexique de poche fran\u00e7ais-annamite<\/a>) c\u1ee7a Paul Maheu xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1910, \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch \u201c\u00e9tudiant\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d.](\"https:\/\/ia601604.us.archive.org\/11\/items\/PetitLexiqueDePocheFrancaiseAnnamite\/183.png\"){kind=link}