{"id":7773,"date":"2007-07-15T18:29:46","date_gmt":"2007-07-15T18:29:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=7773"},"modified":"2019-03-15T04:53:33","modified_gmt":"2019-03-15T04:53:33","slug":"phong-van-chinua-achebe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/7773\/phong-van-chinua-achebe","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ecfng V\u1ea5n Chinua Achebe"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chinua Achebe: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i n\u1eefa* trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amy Otchet<\/strong>, k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a tin Unesco th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe l\u0103n, c\u00e1ch xa x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng Chianua Achebe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u Phi vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1eabn g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, khi cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u00ean trong \u00f4ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

Amy Otchet <\/strong>(A.O): Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n b\u00e9, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1i hi\u00ean ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 cha m\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, khi b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00f4n xao trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Chinua Achebe<\/strong> (C.A): V\u00e2ng – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u0169 b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng t\u00edp ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 cha m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 – tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ecd \u0111i r\u1ed3i, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ecd quan trong h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

A.O: \u1ede tu\u1ed5i 25, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cu\u1ed1n \u201cThings Fall Apart\u201d – cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng Anh ng\u1eef (1958). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201ccu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t\u201d, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c ng\u1ea7m \u1ea9n trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cMister Johnson\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u1edf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

C.A: \u201cMister Johnson\u201d kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n – T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i m\u1edf m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u01a1i t\u00f4i \u1edf, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd: \u201c\u1eea, n\u1ebfu Chinua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.\u201d Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c qu\u00fd c\u00f4. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Anh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n cho ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

A.O: C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u00d4ng ch\u1eafc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng \u1edf h\u1ecd. \u201cThings Fall Apart\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang 50 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Igbo, ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

C.A: D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u00f4i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m. Song, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Igbo b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u00ec c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec m\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngay – kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i 50 hay 15 n\u0103m n\u1eefa – v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng sau su\u1ed1t m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Igbo v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y (c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ea9n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c). C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 tin nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean s\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i. V\u1eady \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Igbo v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong tim t\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. \u201cThings Fall Apart\u201d k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Igbo. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta n\u1eefa c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y hay ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

A.O: Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng l\u1eafm khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1i h\u01a1n.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i l\u1eafm v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt anh h\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m mang h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n sinh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

C.A: T\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 ch\u1eef ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. T\u00f4i ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 mang ch\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u Phi b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Igbo – ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed9p trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Mbari m\u00e0 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra trong kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao h\u00e0m trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1eafp xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n – d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi hay m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o – \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi hay ngo\u1ea1i lai. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111em c\u00e1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0o trong nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 mang n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch, v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1eef th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Igbo g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ani \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Mbari kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u1eefa. V\u00ec th\u1ebf lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng m\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i hay quan \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n – h\u1ecd l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

Song ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i xem th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu. \u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho r\u1eb1ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cm\u1eb7c d\u00f9 mang th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t\u201d, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u1ed3i. V\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:\u201dTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u1ed5n r\u1ed3i; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00e9o th\u00eam nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xa l\u1ea1 hay mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.\u201d<\/p>\n

A.O: T\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu thu\u1ed9c \u0111ia, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c con s\u01b0 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1eed gia cho ch\u00fang, th\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i s\u0103n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 vinh danh m\u1ed7i k\u1ebb \u0111i s\u0103n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u201d. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Salman Rushdie: \u201c\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\u201d Xin h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

C.A: \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 con s\u01b0 t\u1eed qu\u00e1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh con s\u01b0 t\u1eed b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra, v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\u201d l\u1ea1i g\u1ee3i t\u00f4i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng t\u00f4i. H\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1i b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i \u0111i h\u1ecdc, bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7m b\u00fat vi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p mang theo nh\u1eefng bao t\u1ea3i th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i mang nh\u1eefng bao t\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n xanh c\u00f3 in r\u00f5 d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Gia\u201d. B\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb con ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi chi\u1ebfc xe \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Ogbuaekwu – ugwo, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u00ean-S\u00e1t-Nh\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng-B\u1ed3i-Th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf\u2026 \u201c\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u201d – h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh con s\u01b0 t\u1eed. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

A. O: \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1i d\u00f2ng h\u01b0\u1edbng suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n n\u00e0y. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u201ch\u00e3y nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u Phi\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

C.A: T\u00f4i h\u1ed3 nghi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i ng\u1edd vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi ng\u00e0y nay \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1i nh\u00f3m qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn, \u0111ang b\u1ecb sa v\u00e0o c\u00e1i b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb con v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o – khi cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh \u0111i l\u00e0m khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y b\u00e8n k\u00eau l\u00ean: \u201cN\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d. Song s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cn\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng hay \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap g\u00ec cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 xuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng 300 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

A.O: C\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn hai b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i l\u00f9i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc – \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u201ccu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nigeria\u201d c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 20 n\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n. V\u1eady, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111ang \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C.A: Nigeria \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i th\u1ebf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf Olusegun Obasanjo (v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m 1997) c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng ta l\u00e0 v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em giao ph\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i do Sani Abacha \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 may m\u1eafn thay, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a Nigeria tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai. Cho n\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. Song ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111ang v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t cho m\u00ecnh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean – ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tin \u0111\u1ed3n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Nigeria l\u00e0 Ibrahim Babangida, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Abacha. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat lui t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1ecd n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb – \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

A.O: Theo quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sang th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf Nigeria d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c b\u00f3ng ma c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 xung \u0111\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c. Nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

C.A: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Nigeria. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 r\u1ed3i. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 k\u1ebb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u1ea3. Do v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n hay xa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c. H\u1ec5 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Nigeria. H\u1ecd gi\u00fap l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhau thay v\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Biafran. V\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh ch\u1ecbu h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t lu\u1eadt sharia (lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

A.O: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n: \u201cL\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nigeria n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng?\u201d Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00ean vai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129?<\/p>\n

C.A: V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987, t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. T\u00f4i gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, do m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p. V\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. Khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1c l\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng n\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng n\u1ec3 v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec cao tu\u1ed5i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u00d4ng ta cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 l\u00e0ng. Ki\u1ec3u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

A.O: Khi n\u00e0o \u00f4ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

C.A: T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i xe l\u0103n t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng? n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 sinh c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

A.O: \u00d4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1edb, th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n

C.A: Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng thuy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ec9nh ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc tai n\u1ea1n. Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi. Ch\u1eb3ng ai \u1edf tr\u00ean New York n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, \u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u00e9?\u201d T\u00f4i ti\u1ebfc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n t\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea3i Ng\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

* No Longer at Ease, t\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Chinua Achebe xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1969.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe l\u0103n, c\u00e1ch xa x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng Chianua Achebe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u Phi vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1eabn g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, khi cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u00ean trong \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":783,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-phong-van"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/783"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7773"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7792,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7773\/revisions\/7792"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}