{"id":7434,"date":"2009-07-15T00:04:46","date_gmt":"2009-07-15T00:04:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=7434"},"modified":"2019-02-25T22:19:26","modified_gmt":"2019-02-25T22:19:26","slug":"tram-viet-tren-vung-dinh-menh-chuong-15-ap-luc-truyen-kiep-nguoi-han","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/7434\/tram-viet-tren-vung-dinh-menh-chuong-15-ap-luc-truyen-kiep-nguoi-han","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u0103m Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ean V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ec7nh: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 15 \u2013 \u00c1P L\u1ef0C TRUY\u1ec0N KI\u1ebeP: NG\u01af\u1edcI H\u00c1N"},"content":{"rendered":"

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CH\u01af\u01a0NG 15: <\/strong>\u00c1P L\u1ef0C TRUY\u1ec0N KI\u1ebeP: NG\u01af\u1edcI H\u00c1N<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u201cnh\u00e2n danh b\u1ea3y tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Hoa\u201d c\u1ee7a Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ea5t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, v\u00ec trong s\u1ed1 700 tri\u1ec7u \u1ea5y c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau \u201ck\u1ebb th\u00f9\u201d c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ecb t\u1ed9c trong gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u ki\u00eau c\u0103ng ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung v\u1eabn ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y lo\u1ea1n. Trong s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 x\u00e9 l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0, th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf y\u00ean trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, song l\u1ea5y g\u00ec b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, trong khi Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. C\u00f2n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh, n\u00ean c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1m theo \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 nghe ra th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u201cK\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ta\u201d, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m \u1ea5u tr\u0129 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. V\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1 theo ti\u1ebfng g\u1ea7m g\u1eeb c\u1ee7a b\u00e0y th\u00fa d\u1eef \u0111ang t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec7n x\u00e2u x\u00e9 l\u1eabn nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec th\u1ea7m th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c trong su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb khi d\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n Hoa Nam qua l\u00fac h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. Ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec th\u1ea7m \u1ea5y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng: h\u00e3y tr\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Trung C\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i cho c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga, cho t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n M\u1ef9, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Trung C\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang r\u1ebd m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u00e0u. T\u00e0u th\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 T\u00e0u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1ecf y\u1ebfu xung quanh (d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c) t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u0169ng v\u1eabn th\u1ebf [1]<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y, h\u00e3y b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u – chuy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u t\u1eeb Hoa L\u1ee5c, chuy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u \u1edf ngay trong l\u00f2ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. T\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u00e0y tr\u00e2u ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ecdp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi cung c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb n\u00edt n\u00fap v\u00e1y m\u1eb9 h\u1edd. \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm tay nhau gi\u1eef v\u1eefng tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi mong l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5t \u00fd ch\u00ed l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cho t\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Trung Hoa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean bang l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c, v\u00ec Trung Hoa v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 coi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u0103n minh cao c\u1ea3 \u1edf gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u201cr\u1ee3\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy t\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. C\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong L\u1ec5 K\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng trong s\u1ef1 \u201ccoi s\u00f3c\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f2i H\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Khi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng h\u00f4 h\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi th\u00ec th\u1eadt ra Mao \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 [2]<\/a>. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Mao, Khang H\u1eefu Vi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0u toan x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i (1898), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 qu\u1eadt kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u201cr\u1ee3\u201d v\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia v\u1eabn th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Trung Hoa c\u00f2n ghi l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tranh ch\u1ea5p s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa H\u00e1n v\u00e0 Mi\u00eau (ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e8o) v\u00e0o thi\u00ean k\u1ef7 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C.N. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di\u1ec7t t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00f9i d\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Trong khi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00ean di ra xa h\u1eb3n v\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e8o v\u1eabn l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Hoa L\u1ee5c. B\u1ecf Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0, h\u1ecd lui xu\u1ed1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed, r\u1ed3i qua s\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4ng nam. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u00fai cao v\u00f9ng Nam L\u0129nh (ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n v\u1ec1 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mi\u00eau L\u0129nh) \u1edf ranh t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, H\u1ed3 Nam, Qu\u00fd Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u201ctr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ba ng\u00e0y s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ba th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng,\u201d v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 bao ph\u1ee7 quanh n\u0103m. M\u00e3i t\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e8o thi\u00ean di xu\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n. S\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao d\u1ea7n sau m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng H\u00e1n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ngang d\u00e2n H\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cho\u00e1n gi\u1eef b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n minh thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea1o (l\u00faa c\u1ea5y ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 2,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh d\u00e2n \u1edf n\u00fai. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Mi\u00eau t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady. S\u1eed c\u00f2n ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C.N., qu\u00e2n T\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam, ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u li\u1ec1n di d\u00e2n H\u00e1n d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh trong d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00ean di. Tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169, ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadt kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t ta \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 r\u00fat \u1ea9n v\u00e0o r\u1eebng n\u00fai. Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Choang (v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t) \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Kinh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch do T\u00f4n V\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 ra. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tam d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n V\u0103n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh v\u0103n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e1n c\u0169. T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y v\u00e0 Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang (Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u1ebf th\u1eeba ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u00e3n Thanh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 k\u1ec3. V\u1ee5 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Y Kh\u1eafc Chi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c N\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1943, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1944 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1ee5 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u1ed3i \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Cam l\u00fac m\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u201d[3]<\/a>. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0n s\u00e1t d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i Loan ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1947 sau n\u00e0y khi \u0110\u00e0i Loan n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. D\u00e2n g\u1ed1c \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n. Trong v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 M\u1ef9 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc g\u1eedi cho B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i Giao M\u1ef9, tr\u00ean n\u0103m ng\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n h\u1ea1 s\u00e1t [4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb khi T\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt ra kh\u1ecfi Hoa L\u1ee5c, Mao \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c H\u00e1n ho\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c H\u00e1n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 50 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh vi nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb co r\u00fat l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Trung C\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1971 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb) N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng, thu h\u1eb9p l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 khu n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1957. Ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u00e9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh H\u1eafc Long Giang, Li\u00eau \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Tr\u1ef1c L\u1ec7 [5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra, d\u00f9 ch\u1eb3ng thu h\u1eb9p khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di d\u00e2n cho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ed3i. Trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 6,5 tri\u1ec7u. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed Trung Hoa tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t N\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng cho C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 th\u00ec li\u1ec7u M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 1,3 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f3 d\u00e1m nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh hay ch\u0103ng? T\u1ea1i M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u, Trung C\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 di d\u00e2n H\u00e1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u qu\u1ed1c. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, Trung C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho d\u00e2n H\u1ed3i Th\u1ed5 (Uighur v\u00e0 Kazakh) ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb (1953), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 phong tr\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch di d\u00e2n c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u1edf trung nguy\u00ean l\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p n\u0103m 1959 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n T\u00e0u ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, d\u00e2n T\u00e0u l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t k\u00e9o theo cho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

X\u00e2m l\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di d\u00e2n tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m l\u0103ng nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n hy v\u1ecdng th\u00e2u h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y [6]<\/a>. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 T\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kinh kh\u1ee7ng trong n\u0103m s\u00e1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1eeba qua [7]<\/a>. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 mau \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi ch\u1eebng 800 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n, Trung Hoa \u0111ang c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 tuy r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cung \u1ee9ng. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0103n truy\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp v\u1eabn \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ef1a l\u00faa \u00c1 ch\u00e2u (v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1) v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft th\u00e8m thu\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn T\u00e0u, d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4n t\u00ednh \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c xua qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t ngay trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 d\u01b0\u1edbi hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c trong hai th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c nhau: t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng 1911 \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n (1949), ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 lu\u00f4n. Sau 1949, phong tr\u00e0o di c\u01b0 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, b\u00e8n xoay h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong v\u00f9ng v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh – b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Hoa Ki\u1ec1u \u1ede \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e3i t\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o trong v\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Hoa ki\u1ec1u t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng Hoa ki\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i cho v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y trong v\u00f2ng n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi Trung Hoa c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u01b0u toan s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia cho h\u1ecd tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 13 tri\u1ec7u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n g\u1ed1c c\u1ea3 ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Kampuchea, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i. Tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang tranh th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 g\u1ee1 ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Hoa ki\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1911, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng T\u00e0u h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf hai t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn, h\u1ecd b\u00e8n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e3n ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u sang mau ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t T\u00e0u kh\u00e1c xu\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfm \u0103n. \u1ede c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Th\u00e1i, Kampuchea, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng T\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 tr\u00fa x\u1ee9. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m con ch\u00e1u lai th\u00e0nh T\u00e0u hay \u00edt ra c\u0169ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t T\u00e0u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Song, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e0ng m\u1eb9 qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i qua ba b\u1ed1n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u1ea3, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mang trong m\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u v\u00e0 T\u00e0u lai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau tranh \u0111\u1ea5u cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00e2u xa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 mua chu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf mang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef, ch\u1ee3 \u0111en, bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp duy nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan. N\u0103m 1910, vua Wachirawut \u0111\u00e3 tung ra chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 Hoa ki\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ecdn Do Th\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1913 th\u00ec Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Hoa ki\u1ec1u. Th\u1eadt ra n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n Do Th\u00e1i th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u c\u00f2n nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb lang thang m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf. V\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, ngo\u00e0i t\u00e0i th\u00e1o v\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb to l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Trung Hoa ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 khi c\u1ea7n; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng 1911.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb sau 1911, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Trung Hoa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n Trung Hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp n\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Hoa \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u00eam nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0a sang cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bang h\u1ed9i thi h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c bang h\u1ed9i T\u00e0u lo b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 Trung Hoa v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 (\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e0u), m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd lo \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lai sang h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 T\u00e0u, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i l\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 Hoa ki\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch g\u00ec bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd sinh s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ngo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 khai th\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 uy quy\u1ec1n, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u th\u00ec th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi hai b\u00e0n tay tr\u1eafng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1eabn c\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00f3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t tin c\u1ea9n n\u01a1i h\u1ecd. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean trung gian, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eadu trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb, d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u1edbi hai t\u1ea7ng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t T\u00e2y v\u00e0 T\u00e0u. T\u00e2y n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh; T\u00e0u n\u1eafm kinh t\u1ebf, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng m\u01b0u tr\u00e1. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u01b0u tr\u00e1, ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ebfm v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf, c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7.C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7m ch\u1ea1p ph\u00f4, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7m c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed3, cho vay, ti\u1ec7m \u0103n, ti\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v..v\u2026, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng T\u00e0u l\u00e0 T\u00e0u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn lao c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf Manila \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n c\u00f3c \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n heo h\u00fat nh\u01b0 Nam Tha t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e0o, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7u T\u00e0u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean ng\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t tung ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf Hoa ki\u1ec1u nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u th\u1ed5 sinh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Phi-L\u00edp-Pin, t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 40.000. Nh\u01b0ng sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p10 l\u1ea7n. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 600.000, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 2% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Phi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 320.000 t\u1edbi 420.000; ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i Nam K\u1ef3, Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 75% to\u00e0n s\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u00e0o \u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1946 \u0111\u1ebfn 1948. Sau hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve, s\u1ed1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 900.000, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 7% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 [8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Kampuchea, theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1955, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u l\u00e0 270.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 5,5% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lai, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lai \u1ea5y v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng qua ng\u00e3 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u \u1edf Kampuchea g\u1ed3m t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u00edt ra l\u00e0 tr\u00ean n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 7% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Indonesia, cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 200.000. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1930 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1.233.000, v\u00e0 sau khi Indonesia th\u00e2u h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u l\u00e0 2.250.000 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 2,7% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1edd n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1,4 tri\u1ec7u. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi bang giao Indonesia – Trung C\u1ed9ng b\u1edbt c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, v\u00ec Hoa ki\u1ec1u tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 B\u1eafc Kinh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1 v\u00e0 Singapore, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 g\u1ed1c. \u1ede M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1 c\u00f3 4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u, chi\u1ebfm 42% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 g\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 40%, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c \u1ea4n, g\u1ed1c \u00c2u, v..v\u2026 C\u00f2n \u1edf Singapore, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u c\u00f3 1,5 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 g\u1ed1c 240.000 trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 2 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 g\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 12%, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u 75%.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i L\u00e0o, Hoa ki\u1ec1u c\u00f3 30.000, chi\u1ebfm 1% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. L\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u00edt Hoa ki\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb B\u1eafc Kinh chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh (c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc L\u00e0o) n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i, s\u1ed1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 3 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957, t\u1ee9c 13% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00fac \u1ea5y (23 tri\u1ec7u.) Ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Hoa ki\u1ec1u v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Lukchin (cha T\u00e0u, m\u1eb9 Th\u00e1i) v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Th\u00e1i, Lukchin \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch cha cho Lukchin. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 chung c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec con s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean 4 tri\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1,8% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. Ngo\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i Hoa ki\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Th\u00e1i – Mi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng (\u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9). \u0110\u00e1m qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed bi\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean trung t\u00e2m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ma tu\u00fd l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nha phi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch phi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tung ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i qua ng\u00e3 H\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Singapore b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng ma tu\u00fd qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa b\u1ecdn tay sai Hoa ki\u1ec1u v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n nh\u0169ng l\u1ea1m \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 N\u1ea3y Sinh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a Hoa ki\u1ec1u sau th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf cho \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong v\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, v\u1edbi hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 Hoa ki\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt l\u00e0 L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Mi\u1ebfn, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ngay nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ra. T\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 L\u00e0o, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00edt, sinh ho\u1ea1t kinh t\u1ebf y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c th\u00e2u ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, n\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Tuy v\u1eady, hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u \u1edf L\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111ang n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh kinh t\u1ebf x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n t\u1ea1i Mi\u1ebfn, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed b\u1ecf \u0111i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1 v\u00e0 Singapore, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i to\u1ea3 r\u1ed9ng ra th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng mang qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hai qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u0103n ho\u00e1 M\u00e3 Lai v\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp sinh ho\u1ea1t chung; nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i h\u1eb3n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t M\u00e3 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 Trung Hoa ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. \u1ede M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc M\u00e3 ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n M\u00e3, v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 M\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi. C\u00f2n t\u1ea1i Singapore, c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u00ec m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef. Ti\u1ebfng M\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n ho\u00e1 x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sinh ho\u1ea1t kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i M\u00e3 v\u00e0 Singapore, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u c\u0169ng \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng uy quy\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1. \u1ede M\u00e3 Lai \u00c1, quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 n\u00ean d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt. C\u00f2n t\u1ea1i Singapore, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i m\u1eb7c cho vi\u1ec7c Trung Hoa ho\u00e1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ch\u00e2n t\u01a1 k\u1ebd t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Singapore th\u00ec ch\u01b0a v\u1ecb t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Singapore \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i nh\u1ecdt b\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i nh\u1ecdt b\u1ecdc \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng xo\u00e0ng th\u00ec c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 ch\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e0ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00ean c\u00e0ng nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Hoa L\u1ee5c l\u1eabn \u0110\u00e0i Loan, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, Singapore \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 n\u00e0o ra m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u chung nh\u01b0 sau: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hoa ki\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh ho\u1ea1t kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4; th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Hoa ki\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c trong x\u1ee9 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i thu mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4. B\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edd \u00e1m ri\u00eang, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, t\u1ea1o khan hi\u1ebfm hay d\u01b0 th\u1eeba m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt, b\u00f3p ch\u1ebft gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu ra m\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trung gian c\u1ee7a Singapore v\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u1ee5c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh. Ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 bay sang Singapore v\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Singapore v\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i Mafia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 17 tri\u1ec7u (n\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng) trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd bu\u00f4ng to\u1ea3 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i nh\u1eb1m khuynh lo\u00e1t m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean 250 tri\u1ec7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng Bi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p N\u1eeda V\u1eddi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y, c\u00e1i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tru\u1edbc l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Hoa ki\u1ec1u v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch tr\u00fa x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 quan. Th\u00e1i Lan, ngay t\u1eeb 1942, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u l\u00e0m 27 ngh\u1ec1 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eadp Th\u00e1i t\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ed5 sinh. Kampuchea c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m Hoa ki\u1ec1u l\u00e0m 16 ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch Kampuchea t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1955. Indonesia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Phi-L\u00edp-Pin c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch \u201c\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Trung Hoa th\u00ec m\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0 Trung Hoa\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c T\u00e0u lai. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 qua \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt ban h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1909, theo \u0111\u00f3 con c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean mang qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch cha (Jus sanguinis). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u1eb1m bu\u1ed9c Hoa ki\u1ec1u th\u1ed5 sinh ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch n\u01a1i sinh (Jus soli.) Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf (\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ea5m h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1), nhi\u1ec1u Hoa ki\u1ec1u v\u1eeba nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch tr\u00fa x\u1ee9, v\u1eeba gi\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Trung Hoa, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hai qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch; ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 Hoa ki\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 chung.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t khi Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ea5m ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd n\u1eefa. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Trung Hoa c\u0169ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trung gian hay Hoa ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ecbch. T\u1ea1i Indonesia, trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 50, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ea5y 80% v\u1ed1n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Hoa ki\u1ec1u. T\u1ea1i Phi-l\u00edp-pin, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u00ec s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u1ea5y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Hoa ki\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chung nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1eed x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 xem s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn ra sao. N\u0103m 1956, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh D\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 53 c\u1ea5m ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u (nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o Hoa ki\u1ec1u) l\u00e0m 11 ngh\u1ec1:<\/p>\n