{"id":73208,"date":"2022-04-07T08:39:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T08:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damau.org\/?p=73208"},"modified":"2022-04-07T05:28:08","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T05:28:08","slug":"cuoc-tho-chay-khoi-nuoc-nga-cua-gioi-tr-thuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/73208\/cuoc-tho-chay-khoi-nuoc-nga-cua-gioi-tr-thuc","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c tháo ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi trí th\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

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M\u1ea5y l\u1eddi d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch:<\/b><\/p>\n

Mikhail Viktorovich Zygar l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015, \u00f4ng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh Nga \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Dozhd. B\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n Anh ng\u1eef The Intellectual Exodus from Russia \/ Escaping Putin<\/span><\/i>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111ang tr\u00ean tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o Der Spiegel <\/span>ng\u00e0y 15.3.2022.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i Ukraine, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ng\u1eabm t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Nga trong khung c\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Exodus<\/span><\/i> (vi\u1ebft hoa) l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh, trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i kh\u1ecfi Ai C\u1eadp; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ra \u0111i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t n\u00e0o. Nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ti\u1ebfng Anh (t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latinh), b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p Exodos<\/i>, v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i”. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 ex-<\/span><\/i> (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “ra kh\u1ecfi”) v\u00e0 hodos<\/span><\/i>, “\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng” ho\u1eb7c “c\u00e1ch”. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ph\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a hodos<\/i> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb episode<\/span><\/a><\/em>, method<\/span><\/a><\/em>, odometer<\/span><\/a><\/em>, v\u00e0 period<\/span><\/a><\/em>. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eabn th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb hodos<\/i>. Anode<\/i> v\u00e0 cathode<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t diode<\/span><\/i>, v\u00e0 hodoscope<\/span><\/i> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ion-h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a (d\u0129 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a t\u1ed1 mang nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eadm nh\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau) v\u1edbi exodus<\/i> bao g\u1ed3m mass departure<\/span>, withdrawal<\/span>, evacuation<\/span>, leaving<\/span>, exit,<\/span><\/span> migration<\/span>, emigration<\/span>, hegira<\/span>, diaspora<\/span>, <\/span>flight<\/span>, escape<\/span>, retreat<\/span>, fleeing<\/span> (<\/i>s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, r\u00fat lui, di t\u1ea3n, r\u1eddi \u0111i\/b\u1ecf \u0111i, l\u1ed1i ra\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t, di tr\u00fa, di c\u01b0, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ed7 \u1edf (c\u1ee7a Muhammad t\u1eeb Mecca sang Medina v\u00e0o n\u0103m 622 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean; \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 exodus<\/span><\/i> hay migration<\/span><\/i>), l\u01b0u vong, chuy\u1ebfn bay\/cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y, tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t, r\u00fat lui, ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n).<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i d\u1ecbch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ra \u0111i, di c\u01b0, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, <\/i>r\u1eddi \u0111i<\/i>\/b\u1ecf \u0111i<\/i>, <\/i><\/span>ra \u0111i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y, l\u01b0u vong<\/span>\u2026<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n trong b\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c exodus<\/span><\/i> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb\/ng\u1eef ph\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb, ng\u1eef, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed5 \u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ee5c m\u1edf, \u0111\u1ee9t x\u00e9, r\u00e1ch toang, v\u1ee1 n\u00e1t, v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t x\u00f3t xa, tr\u1ea7m th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y mang t\u00ednh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u2014cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u00ean. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Moscow<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga trong hai tu\u1ea7n qua, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Khi c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn kinh ho\u00e0ng \u1edf Ukraine, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u00ean Nga \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Georgia, kho\u1ea3ng 20.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 25.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Tbilisi k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Tbilisi lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, v\u1edbi r\u01b0\u1ee3u ngon, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. D\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111ang khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc lo ng\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tbilisi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thu th\u1eadp ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Nga.<\/p>\n

\"clip_image002\"<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc qua s\u00f4ng Kura \u1edf Tbilisi, Georgia (<\/i>\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a Mint Images)<\/i> <\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau: M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, Georgia \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c xin gia nh\u1eadp Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nga n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eebng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Ukraine, v\u00e0 l\u00e2u nay th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Putin, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i ra khi h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Georgia l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga di c\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e2u m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1n an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u Nga kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng Hai, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i b\u1ecb c\u01a1n ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eadn h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bay Nga. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd s\u1edbm b\u1ecb phong t\u1ecfa v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 v\u00e9 t\u1eeb Moscow \u0111\u1ebfn Istanbul, Dubai, Yerevan, Baku, Bishkek v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed Ulaanbaatar t\u0103ng g\u1ea7n 10 l\u1ea7n. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nga bay lo\u1ea1n ra m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh dai d\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m Putin l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, khi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecf cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng di c\u01b0: n\u1ebfu bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Nga v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1917, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bolshevik t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn. V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c \u0111i ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb . Gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c Nga, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea1c (Silver Age), c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ti\u00ean phong xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng m\u00faa ba l\u00ea Nga, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i Zinaida Gippius v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0 l\u00e0 Dmitry Merezhkovsky, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1919, d\u1ea1y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Nga cho c\u00e1c binh s\u0129 H\u1ed3ng Qu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd r\u1eddi Petrograd (nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 St. Petersburg), b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bolshevik \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra cho vi\u1ec7c ra v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, h\u1ecd b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u0103ng qua v\u00f9ng b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a V\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea7n Lan. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea7n Lan \u0111\u1ebfn Paris, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u0103n apartment<\/span><\/i>. H\u1ecd m\u1edf c\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7\u2014t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi r\u1eddi Nga, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u1edf Paris.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Nabokov, Rachmaninoff, Stravinsky, Diaghilev, Ayn Rand, Bunin, Chagall, Kandinsky, Sikorsky. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ra \u0111i\u2014nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nga Alexander Blok (<\/i>\u1ea2<\/i>nh <\/i>c\u1ee7a<\/i> <\/i>Heritage Images\/Getty Images)<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga Alexander Blok, b\u1ecb \u1ed1m n\u1eb7ng, xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh mang t\u00ednh gi\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t cho \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng cho v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng. Mikhail Bulgakov, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nga v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft “<\/i>Ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/i> v\u00e0 Margarita<\/span>“,<\/i> trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di c\u01b0 kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e1 th\u01b0 cho Stalin, kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng ta bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf Nga, th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Nga. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Nga lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do di chuy\u1ec3n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ngh\u1eb9t th\u1edf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Nga ng\u00e0y nay l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kinh ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t\u2014ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p h\u1ecd, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t h\u1ecd trong v\u00f2ng tay \u00f4m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nga t\u1eeb Sukhumi \u1edf Abkhazia tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en<\/i> (\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a<\/i> Robert Nickelsberg \/ Getty Images) <\/i><\/p>\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Li\u00ean X\u00f4, c\u00f3 hai th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di c\u01b0. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ecf ra khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u00f3m sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i thi h\u00e0o Anna Akhmatova. N\u0103m 1922, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 “T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t <\/span><\/i>n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/i>” <\/i>m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Nga ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Akhmatova c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn bi th\u1ea3m. N\u0103m 1921, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nikolay Gumilyov, b\u1ecb b\u1eafn. N\u0103m 1935, con trai c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 Leo b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, v\u00e0 Anna \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 Kresty \u1edf Leningrad, n\u01a1i b\u00e0 vi\u1ebft “Requiem\u201d<\/span><\/i>, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, Nikolay Punin, qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Gulag n\u0103m 1953.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Anna Akhmatova v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nikolay Gumilyov v\u1edbi con trai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (<\/i>\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a<\/i> ITAR-TASS) <\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 “Requiem<\/span>“<\/span><\/i> bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 Akhmatova \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf Nga nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c di c\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: “T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3\u201d, <\/i><\/span>Akhmatova vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin\u2014nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 tra t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p (S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Akhmatova l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, b\u1ecb d\u00e0y v\u00f2 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n).<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c “\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac, hay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i?” \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n t\u00e1n v\u1ee5n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Moscow trong 20 n\u0103m qua. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn Akhmatova, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf \u0111i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 di c\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 d\u0129.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e1m n\u0103m, trong th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Crimea, hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nga b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng: \u0110\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh Dozhd (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp) v\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Lenta.ru. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i Dozhd \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i. Sau khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p x\u00f3a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean internet v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i Lenta.ru \u0111\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng nhau r\u1eddi b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Meduza \u1edf Latvia.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2021, Meduza v\u00e0 Dozhd b\u1ecb vu l\u00e0 “nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i” g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. V\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u1eed vang l\u00ean: Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng tin trung th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1n t\u00f9 15 n\u0103m v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh Dozhd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 bay \u0111\u1ebfn Istanbul ho\u1eb7c Yerevan. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Meduza \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n \u1edf Nga. Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Dozhd \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi Nga c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu g\u00f4ng c\u00f9m trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Sau cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o Ukraine, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn\u2014nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o. H\u1ecd so s\u00e1nh Putin v\u1edbi Hitler v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ecf \u0111i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u1ecb nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. R\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Putin”, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1eafn trong 20 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n Kremlin c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00e1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m mang theo ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c h\u1eefu h\u00f3a. V\u00e0 Putin, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u00f4ng b\u1ecf ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Lenin g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “c\u1ee9t \u0111\u00e1i” c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ra \u0111i ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Putin \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u1ee9 \u201cc\u1ee9t \u0111\u00e1i” n\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd s\u1edbm tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh [nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1] m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Nga, b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua cu\u1ed9c, s\u1ebd \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng, \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee3i cho b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u00f9i V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac <\/b>d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n

(th\u00e1ng Ba, 2022<\/span>)<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c “\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac, hay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i?” \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n t\u00e1n v\u1ee5n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Moscow trong 20 n\u0103m qua. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf \u0111i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 di c\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 d\u0129.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2493,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,26,197,42,1408],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-dich-thuat","category-quan-diem","category-sang-viet-ngu","category-van-chuong-ukraine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2493"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73208"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":73223,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73208\/revisions\/73223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}