{"id":70492,"date":"2021-11-26T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T09:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damau.org\/?p=70492"},"modified":"2022-02-21T02:32:52","modified_gmt":"2022-02-21T02:32:52","slug":"tu-luc-van-don-van-hoc-v-cch-mang-44","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/70492\/tu-luc-van-don-van-hoc-v-cch-mang-44","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0110oàn V\u0103n h\u1ecdc và cách m\u1ea1ng (44)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3<\/i>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: Ng\u00e0y vua B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb l\u00e0 23-8-1945, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh 30-8-1945.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n

1- Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vua B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb?<\/p>\n

2- T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 hai v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vua tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb) kh\u00e1c nhau: b\u1ea3n in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c<\/i> kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n in trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd Con r\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u ho\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i> gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed9ng trong n\u0103m 1945-1946.<\/p>\n

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Ai ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vua B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb?<\/b><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 hai n\u01a1i <\/i>nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vua B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb, l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc X\u00e1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i <\/i>(theo \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u00eam)[1]<\/a> v\u00e0 U\u1ef7 ban Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 <\/i>(theo Ph\u1ea1m Kh\u1eafc Ho\u00e8).<\/p>\n

– B\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn vua nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn vua tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi in trong s\u00e1ch Con r\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi hai b\u1ea3n \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc h\u1ed3i k\u00fd Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/i> c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 hai h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n, t\u1ea1i T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o (Tuy\u00ean Quang) trong hai ng\u00e0y 13 v\u00e0 16 th\u00e1ng 8-1945, Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan c\u00f2n cho th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1u ho\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c<\/i>, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

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Ng\u00e0y 13-8-1945, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp do b\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u1edf B\u1eafc c\u00f3 c\u00e1c anh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh, Nguy\u1ec5n L\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eb1ng; \u1edf Trung c\u00f3 anh Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Thanh; \u1edf Nam c\u00f3 anh H\u00e0 Huy Gi\u00e1p, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc c\u00f3 anh V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00f4i; \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 \u1edf L\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c anh D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ed Trung, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c V\u1ecbnh; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c nay kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb r\u00f5 t\u00ean.<\/i><\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong l\u00e0ng T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o.<\/em>[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i<\/i>, h\u1ecdp ng\u00e0y 16-8-45, \u1edf \u0111\u00ecnh T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o, do T\u1ed5ng B\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Minh tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 60 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham d\u1ef1, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

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\u1ede Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh, B\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e1nh Nh\u1eadt, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a<\/i>. (…)<\/i><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft th\u00fac, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea5p r\u00fat chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 ngay sau H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Anh V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb mang b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfm Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean <\/b><\/i>“[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan c\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh \u1edf l\u1ea1i T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 “c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a do Vi\u1ec7t Minh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5<\/i>“.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed7ng m\u1ea5y h\u00f4m sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt \u1edf Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 giao cho ta m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u00e2n ta t\u1ef1 do \u0111i qua Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 xu\u00f4i. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tin m\u1eebng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp d\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 19-8-45, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00f9ng d\u1ea1y gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y “C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m”.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 8, Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb. <\/i><\/b>B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp thu ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. <\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 8, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 xin l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 8, t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng cung Hu\u1ebf, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 trao \u1ea5n ki\u1ebfm cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Minh l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 8, B\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp <\/i><\/b>(ch\u00fang t\u00f4i in \u0111\u1eadm) [4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng hai th\u00e1ng ch\u00edn (2-9-1945) h\u01a1n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ea1n qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang h\u1ecdp m\u00edt tinh \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa Ba \u0110\u00ecnh. C\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf sao v\u00e0ng tung bay ng\u1eadp tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00fang ba gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u, B\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0.”<\/em>[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1u ho\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i ghi trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd Con R\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y vua tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb, Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan ghi 25-8 theo ng\u00e0y ghi tr\u00ean Chi\u1ebfu tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb <\/i>nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o v\u00e0 Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, c\u1ef1u ho\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y: ng\u00e0y 23-8 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfu tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong \u0111\u00eam 22, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 25-8 [6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan c\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft: “Ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 8, B\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.”<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf: Khi tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb, vua trao \u1ea5n ki\u1ebfm cho hai \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Minh<\/i> l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn, v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e2m th\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 trao \u1ea5n ki\u1ebfm cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Minh l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn.<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vua tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong Con r\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hy sinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh xin \u0111\u1ee9c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf h\u00e3y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ngai v\u00e0ng<\/i>.
B\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0: “\u1ee6y ban Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c” \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang<\/em>.”[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ph\u1ea1m Kh\u1eafc Ho\u00e8 trong T\u1eeb Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc<\/i>, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng:<\/i><\/p>\n

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S\u00e1ng 24 th\u00e1ng 8, t\u00f4i v\u00e0o g\u1eb7p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u00f4ng ta v\u1edbi v\u1ebb m\u1eb7t lo bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0a cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u00eam 23 th\u00e1ng 8 do U\u1ef7 ban Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ea1i k\u00fd t\u00ean:
Nguy\u1ec5n Xi\u1ec3n, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Huy\u00ean, Ng\u1ee5y Nh\u01b0 Kontum v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 H\u1eefu T\u01b0\u1eddng.
To\u00e0n v\u0103n b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau: “M\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c vua tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb ngay \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0<\/em>[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ph\u1ea1m Kh\u1eafc Ho\u00e8 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ed1 32 (27-8-1945). Ta th\u1ea5y ngay b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n b\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u ho\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hai c\u00e2u: “M\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.” <\/i>L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f2n \u1edf T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o, ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan ghi “Ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 8, B\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp”.<\/i> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan vi\u1ebft sai v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1u ho\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef “\u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Vi\u1ec7t Minh<\/i>“, “c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Minh<\/i>” \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef “\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e2m th\u1eddi<\/i>” nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n L\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n: “M\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c vua tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb ngay…”<\/i> in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 vua tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1u ho\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, khi \u00f4ng ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i:<\/p>\n

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Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i h\u00f4m 22 th\u00e1ng 8, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00f4i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e9p ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb.<\/em>[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00e0y xem ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i giao. V\u1eady:<\/p>\n

1- Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vua tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb, do ai ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng? <\/i><\/p>\n

2- Vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft 2 b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn “gi\u1ea3”:<\/p>\n

B\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00e2n danh ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vua tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u00e2n danh vua B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i giao ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n<\/i>, in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ed1 32 (27-8-45) do ai ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/p>\n

3- Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y vua tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c vua trao \u1ea5n ki\u1ebfm cho “\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e2m th\u1eddi”, <\/i>do ai quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh?<\/p>\n

Theo T.L. tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> s\u1ed1 56 (19-1-46), trong v\u1ee5 “c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n” hai \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, sau Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i (16-8) V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p \u1edf l\u1ea1i T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n l\u00ean Tuy\u00ean Quang. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u trong c\u1ea3 hai bu\u1ed5i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng Li\u1ec7u \u1edf l\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf Hu\u1ebf ng\u00e0y 23-8 nh\u1eadn \u1ea5n ki\u1ebfm vua trao ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n, ph\u1ecfng ch\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong hai n\u0103m 1945-1946 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, hai b\u00ean qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ecb b\u01b0ng b\u00edt, qua c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, s\u1eed gia Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, em \u00fat c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Linh, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1ea5t Linh r\u1ee7 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3ng H\u01b0ng Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1938.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1944, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p y khoa, th\u00e1ng 5-1945, \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 “d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n”, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u00ean l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c b\u00e1o Ng\u00e0y Nay k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi<\/i> cho t\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 8-1945 khi t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n. Th\u00e1ng 10-1945, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi b\u00e1o<\/i> v\u1edbi Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng, th\u00e1ng 11-45, Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi b\u00e1o<\/i> \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh t\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam, C\u01a1 quan ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 2-1946, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u1ec1 T\u1ed5ng b\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, gi\u1eef B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng gi\u1eef B\u1ed9 Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh tr\u00f4ng coi t\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Sau hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 9-3-1946, s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai kh\u1ed1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tan r\u00e3. Th\u00e1ng 5-46, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn x\u1ea9y ra. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh l\u00ean V\u0129nh Y\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec7 Tam chi\u1ebfn khu Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng thua tr\u1eadn, r\u00fat d\u1ea7n l\u00ean Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, r\u1ed3i L\u00e0o Cai. V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7m c\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Minh ; th\u00e1ng 6-1946, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i sang V\u00e2n Nam t\u00ecm c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i l\u01b0u vong \u1edf Trung qu\u1ed1c. Th\u00e1ng 3-1949, \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ly Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m hai l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, khi c\u00f2n \u1edf Trung qu\u1ed1c, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, <\/i>kho\u1ea3ng 1979-1980, g\u1eedi <\/i>nh\u00f3m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ng\u1eef \u1edf Monr\u00e9al, in n\u0103m 1981[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1988, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng di d\u00e2n sang M\u1ef9. N\u0103m 1995 \u00f4ng cho in cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean vi\u1ebft \u1edf M\u1ef9: ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n.<\/i>[12]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch so\u1ea1n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua<\/i>, hai cu\u1ed1n, ph\u1ea7n 1, in n\u0103m 1998, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n II, n\u0103m 2000, \u0111\u1ec1u do Th\u1ea1ch Ng\u1eef xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00f4i<\/i> (2005)[13]<\/a> c\u1ee7a H\u1ee9a B\u1ea3o Li\u00ean, v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng, lai Hoa-Vi\u1ec7t, sinh \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i; quen Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh. Th\u00e1ng 7-1946, B\u1ea3o Li\u00ean sang V\u00e2n Nam du h\u1ecdc, r\u1ed3i g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, c\u01b0\u1edbi nhau cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1946. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o Li\u00ean vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c chao \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t-Hoa, \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u vong.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua,<\/i> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, T\u1eadp 1, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/i>vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung. T\u1eadp 2, vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1946 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua<\/i>, chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, gi\u1ecdng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n trong Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed <\/i>b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec e kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 di t\u1ea3n \u1edf M\u1ef9, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, <\/i>v\u00ec vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c 1945-1946, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Minh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, ind\u00e9pendance et r\u00e9volution au Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, L’\u00e9chec de la troisi\u00e8me voie<\/i> (1938-1955<\/i>) (\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 ba<\/i> (1938-1955), Nxb Les Indes Savantes, Paris, 2012, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng phu, h\u01a1n 700 trang kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin ba phi\u00e1: Qu\u1ed1c gia, Vi\u1ec7t Minh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tin t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t <\/i>m\u00e0 c\u00f2n soi s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: Nh\u1ea5t Linh c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1943, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin Nh\u1ea5t Linh, sau h\u01a1n hai n\u0103m bi\u1ec7t v\u00f4 \u00e2m t\u00edn. Tin quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111em m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n hy v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi cho Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Tr\u00ed, v\u1eeba ra t\u00f9, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng, tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m <\/i>[\u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1943], t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean l\u1ea1c b\u00ed m\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t anh em \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 nh\u1ecf vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y m\u1ecfng. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Linh, nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u0103n t\u0103n nh\u1ecf t\u00fd nh\u01b0 d\u00ednh v\u1edbi nhau. Trong th\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng: anh v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean \u1ed5n kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00e0m \u0103n kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eebng lo. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i, sau khi bi\u1ec7t t\u00edch h\u01a1n hai n\u0103m. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u vui m\u1eebng khi bi\u1ebft anh c\u00f2n y\u00ean \u1ed5n<\/em>.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Nh\u1ea5t Linh “m\u1ea5t t\u00edch” trong h\u01a1n hai n\u0103m, <\/i>t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i 1940, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u 1943 gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Nh\u1ea5t Linh c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tin m\u1eebng kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

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L\u00fac \u1ea5y, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tin m\u1eebng: c\u00e1c anh Long, Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng, Gia Tr\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh em kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha v\u1ec1; nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ecdn Ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 \u01b0 h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t <\/i>15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi chia tay c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin g\u00ec c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Linh. Sau n\u00e0y, n\u0103m 1945, \u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong truy\u1ec7n Xi\u1ec1ng X\u00edch<\/i>, l\u00fac \u0111i tr\u1ed1n [16]<\/a>, ni\u1ec1m nh\u1edb v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 cho b\u1ea1n:<\/i><\/p>\n

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B\u1ea3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ecdn m\u1eadt th\u00e1m lai v\u1eeba t\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf n\u01a1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o cho \u00c1i <\/i>[Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng] bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng L\u1ef1c <\/i>[Nh\u1ea5t Linh] ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3o ra b\u1ea3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u00e0ng b\u1eb7t h\u1eb3n tin t\u1ee9c. L\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng? \u00c1i lo l\u1eafng bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ef1c, linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p <\/em>[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 lo s\u1ee3 \u1ea5y? B\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y qua truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 L\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ed1n [18]<\/a>, nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean tr\u1ed1n Ph\u00e1p sang T\u00e0u, n\u0103m 1941-42, r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0 B\u0103ng, v\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ed1n, c\u0169ng k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n Vinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i, trung \u00fay, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi b\u00e0 t\u1ea1i dinh t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1t Khu\u00ea, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o ng\u0169 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc: Vinh tr\u1ed1n sau, b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft \u1edf d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng lo l\u1eafng trong h\u01a1n hai n\u0103m b\u1eb7t tin Nh\u1ea5t Linh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1941, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Tr\u00ed v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng; Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t [19]<\/a>, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu 1943[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i: “Ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, anh em l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c. Anh Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng chuy\u00ean tr\u00f4ng coi nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, nh\u00e0 in. C\u00f2n anh Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ki\u00eam v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c trong ngo\u00e0i”<\/em>[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. Ng\u00e0y 9-3-1945, Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0y 17-4-45, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim ra \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y 5-5-1945, T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1edd Ng\u00e0y Nay k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi<\/i>, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ba th\u00e1ng sau.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 15-8-1945, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. Ng\u00e0y 19-8-1945, Vi\u1ec7t Minh l\u00ean n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd:<\/i><\/p>\n

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S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 8, 1945, Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i \u1edf to\u00e0 so\u1ea1n ph\u1ed1 Quan th\u00e1nh, th\u00ec l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y <\/i>[l\u00fac] m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1edd h\u1ed3. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m c\u1edd nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u00f4 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i k\u00e8m. H\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xua m\u1eddi ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ngay \u1edf t\u00f2a b\u00e1o, c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. \u1ede t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ra. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ean g\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ngh\u0129 v\u00ec kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm l\u00fd do g\u00ec thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1 tuy\u00eat. Nh\u01b0ng sau kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean.<\/i><\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y, tuy ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t minh, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t phe. Hai n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn g\u00e1n cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 th\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt tuy r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb non n\u1edbt t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 h\u1eadn hay \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n n\u00ean b\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhau n\u00ean t\u1ea1m l\u00e1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4. Phi\u1ec1n n\u1ed7i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf sao v\u00e0ng. Phan K\u1ebf To\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebf l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 l\u1eafm.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t minh c\u1ea3… Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba n\u00f3i. T\u1ea1i sao? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi. H\u1ecd t\u00e0i th\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c<\/i>.[23]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Phan K\u1ebf To\u1ea1i, Kh\u00e2m sai B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim mu\u1ed1n m\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Long thay th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng Long \u0111ang b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 7-1945 [25]<\/a>, trong l\u00fac t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1ea5t Linh ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t D\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tan r\u00e3. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t D\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh c\u0169, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng VNQD\u0110 r\u1ea5t \u00edt, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m im, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y sang v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Minh, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o “N\u1ed9i C\u00e1c” H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/i>[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Nh\u00f3m T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y?<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi:<\/i><\/p>\n

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B\u00e1o Ng\u00e0y Nay <\/i>[K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi] t\u1ea1m \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean \u1ed5n v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00e0-ph\u00ea, c\u1edd t\u01b0\u1edbng hay belote. V\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1eddi Nay v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 in l\u00e0m k\u1ebf sinh nhai cho m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c anh em.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 9, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00e2u H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu. \u00c9o le l\u00e0 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp (…) <\/em>[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadt (…)<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i h\u00f4m sau b\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0a cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a anh Tam t\u1eeb C\u00f4n Minh, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1i u\u00fd Patterson, t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, mang sang v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i u\u00fd mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd n\u00f3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Hoa s\u1eafp ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u anh em c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00ean trong c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp. C\u00f2n anh Tam v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u1edf l\u1ea1i C\u00f4n Minh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u1eefa. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 anh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Patterson trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u1edf H\u00e0ng Tr\u1ed1ng, tr\u00f4ng ra h\u1ed3 Ho\u00e0n ki\u1ebfm.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ta c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t th\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi c\u1ee5c trong l\u00fac \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u to\u00e1n mang c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf, h\u00f4 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3ng minh xem.<\/i><\/p>\n

Patterson b\u1ea3o anh Tam v\u1eabn kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh. Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng minh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng ta ch\u1ecf <\/i>[tr\u1ecf] xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: Tout est rouge… (C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ea3…) Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd do qu\u00e2n Trung hoa v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Anh x\u1eed l\u00fd. T\u1ea1m th\u1eddi h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh <\/i>[28]<\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Qu\u00e2n Trung Hoa v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/b><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 9-9-45, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Hoa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1p qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 180.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c hai l\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n: V\u00e2n Nam, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a L\u01b0 H\u00e1n v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ti\u00eau V\u0103n. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng (Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch M\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh H\u1ed9i (Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch) c\u0169ng t\u1eeb Trung Hoa v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y 18-9-45, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u01b0 H\u00e1n, T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i [29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o vi\u1ebft: “Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n, c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Hoa tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/i>” [c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfu] t\u00f4n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i cao, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp hai tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng khai: s\u1ed1 21 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Quan Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00f2 L\u1ee3n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, k\u00e9o l\u00e1 c\u1edd VNCM\u0110MH. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m B\u00ed th\u01b0, Nguy\u1ec5n Tri\u1ec7u Lu\u1eadt l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb U\u1ef7 vi\u00ean, T\u1ea1 Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed1i l\u00e0m Kinh t\u00e0i \u1ee6y vi\u00ean…”<\/i>[30]<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c, kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb C\u00f4n Minh ng\u00e0y 1-9-45, \u0111\u1ebfn 15-9 v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi L\u00e0o Cai, g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0y 20-10-45 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10-45, Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng khai t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu V\u1ecb [31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam v\u00e0 Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11-45, sau khi b\u1ea3n cam k\u1ebft “Tinh Th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft<\/i>” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft, s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y15-12-45, Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng (V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh), \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng (Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed Anh) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t D\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh (c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ba \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd th\u00e1ng 5-1945 \u1edf Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh, d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean chung l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/i>. \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 chia hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai. T\u1eeb nay \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed Anh kh\u00f4ng ra m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1i, c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/i> l\u00e0 nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o Ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a <\/em>[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan lo ng\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

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\u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc hai m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n T\u01b0\u1edfng do t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u01b0 H\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1p qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb do t\u01b0\u1edbng Ti\u00eau V\u0103n ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0o v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1t Khu\u00ea gi\u00fap cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh H\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p <\/i>[33]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

V\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n

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N\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 khi\u00eau kh\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u00f4n V\u0103n v\u00e0 L\u01b0 H\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tan c\u00e1i \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00f4ng cu\u1ed3ng “Di\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, b\u1eaft H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh” c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch<\/em>“[34]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Vi\u1ec7c “kh\u00f4n<\/i> kh\u00e9o l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ti\u00eau V\u0103n v\u00e0 L\u01b0 H\u00e1n” <\/i>m\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c <\/i>ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, v\u00e0 lo li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha, x\u1ea9y ra v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9-45.<\/p>\n

Theo \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u00eam: “Ng\u00e0y 29-9-45, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Hoa, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng V\u00e2n Nam ph\u1ee7, bu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u1edbng Long V\u00e2n <\/em>[35]<\/a> t\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng V\u00e2n Nam v\u1ec1 Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee3i l\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 30-9-45, theo nhi\u1ec1u tin \u0111\u1ed3n, t\u01b0\u1edbng Ti\u00eau V\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u01b0 H\u00e1n nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng<\/em>“[36]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng tin \u0111\u1ed3n n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb.<\/p>\n

Francois Guillemot, ghi l\u1ea1i tin t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p:<\/i><\/p>\n

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T\u01b0\u1edbng L\u01b0 H\u00e1n, T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Hoa t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Long V\u00e2n, k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch. Sau khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia chi\u1ebfm V\u00e2n Nam, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch ra l\u1ec7nh cho L\u01b0 H\u00e1n b\u1eaft H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n. Sau nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edd \u00e1m (H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh quy\u00ean “tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 v\u00e0ng”, sau bi\u1ebfu L\u01b0 H\u00e1n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 hai con h\u1ea1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng 25 kg), H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e0u g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00ean T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Minh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trung h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c thanh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/i>[37]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ef1u ho\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. T\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t an, \u00f4ng ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ed7 \u1edf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. \u00d4ng ta v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u01a1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng t\u1ecf ra lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho s\u1ef1 an ninh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i n\u1eefa <\/em>[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp:<\/i><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ec3 Ti\u00eau V\u0103n v\u00e0 L\u01b0 H\u00e1n b\u1edbt lo ng\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0y 11-11-1945, H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng khai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n”, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a “H\u1ed9i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c”. V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Khu b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft, v\u00ec th\u1eddi c\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn b\u00ed m\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh d\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u00eac tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edbt c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 11, Ti\u00eau V\u0103n l\u1ea5y danh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1t Khu\u00ea \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng minh h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Minh tham gia. Sau khi b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, c\u1ea3 ba ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng k\u00edch nhau tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed.” <\/em>[39]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a Ti\u00eau V\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Minh: <\/p>\n

“Trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch, n\u1ebfu Ti\u00eau V\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch trong Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p, th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n <\/em>[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 11-11-45: \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 19-11-45, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, k\u00fd gi\u1eefa ba b\u00ean: Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Minh, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c <\/i>gi\u1eefa ba \u0111\u1ea3ng do Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n, V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1945, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tinh th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft<\/i>, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u k\u00fd nh\u1eadn: Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh, L\u00ea T\u00f9ng S\u01a1n, C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn, Phan Tr\u00e2m.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 1-1-46 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p L\u00e2m th\u1eddi<\/i> ra m\u1eaft t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 H\u00e1t L\u1edbn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.[41]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p L\u00e2m th\u1eddi<\/i>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba gh\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp l\u00e0: Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Long v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh Tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f2i m\u1ed9t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 24-2-46, th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd t\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Trung Hoa[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 2-3-1946, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn<\/i> ra m\u1eaft t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 H\u00e1t L\u1edbn[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn<\/i> th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Theo Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ng\u00e0y 10-2-1946, Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng long tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 16 ng\u00e0y VNQD\u0110 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u1edf Y\u00ean B\u00e1i v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n binh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh. Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u01b0ng b\u1eebng, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n m\u00e0 h\u00e0o quang kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y 12-2-1946 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5. S\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng <\/i>[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

V\u1eabn theo Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, m\u1ed9t note c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p [Trung t\u00e1 Reption-Preneuf, Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m Ph\u00f2ng nh\u00ec (deuxi\u00e8me bureau) cho bi\u1ebft s\u1eafp c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam l\u00ean n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim hay c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n V\u0129nh Th\u1ee5y. Nh\u1edd Ti\u00eau V\u0103n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh[45]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111ang m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea7n, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1: Ng\u00e0y 28-2-46, Ph\u00e1p-Hoa k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh: Ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i T\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 T\u1ea7u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qu\u00e2n T\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd r\u00fat lui t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 15-3-46 \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn ra B\u1eafc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed9ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng Chi\u1ebfn<\/b><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 6-1-46, b\u00e0u c\u1eed qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 356 gh\u1ebf. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 2-3-1946, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf nh\u00e0 H\u00e1t L\u1edbn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn d\u00e0nh 70 gh\u1ebf cho kh\u1ed1i qu\u1ed1c gia (do \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh), nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e2m th\u1eddi (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 1-1- 46) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng Chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp:<\/p>\n

– Ban C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed1i cao do V\u0129nh Th\u1ee5y l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

– U\u1ef7 ban kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m 9 u\u1ef7 vi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh – U\u1ef7 ban th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch: H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; Ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch: Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n; Ngo\u1ea1i Giao: Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam (Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c); N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5: Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng (Trung l\u1eadp); Kinh t\u1ebf: Chu B\u00e1 Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c); T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: L\u00ea V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn (Vi\u1ec7t Minh); Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng: Phan Anh (Trung l\u1eadp); Y t\u1ebf: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh Tr\u00ed (Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch); Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: \u0110\u1eb7ng Thai Mai (Vi\u1ec7t Minh); T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p: V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh Ho\u00e8 (\u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7); C\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh: Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u0103ng Khoa (\u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7); Canh n\u00f4ng: B\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n Lu\u1eadt (Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch)[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Theo Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf sao v\u00e0ng<\/i> l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfn quan ca<\/i> l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c ca, \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u00f4 h\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 xung \u0111\u1ed9t… \u1ede m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i khu, xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00f5 trang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng… Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn cho\u1ea3ng nhau nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng… B\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec v\u1eabn b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc… Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1eafc b\u00faa nh\u1ea5t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 anh V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh v\u00e0 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ed3i \u1edf b\u00e0n gi\u1ea5y B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh anh Gi\u00e1p (…)<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c <\/i>[\u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft] n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u1ea3 phe Vi\u1ec7t Minh l\u1eabn phe Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 phe b\u00ean kia v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec h\u00e3y c\u00f2n xa<\/i>[47]<\/b><\/i><\/a> m\u00e0 phe b\u00ean kia th\u00ec \u1edf ngay s\u00e1t n\u00e1ch. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/b> (Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i in \u0111\u1eadm) Phe Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n hay \u00edt ra c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 (…) C\u00f2n Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec7t tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Trung Hoa, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n phe Qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/i>[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Theo Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Minh, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a U\u1ef7 ban Trung \u01af\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hai ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9. Kho\u1ea3n VIII, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p “\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng” kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 gi\u00fap cho b\u1ecdn Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n, b\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p.<\/i> <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Kho\u1ea3n IX, \u0111i\u1ec1u 2, ghi:<\/i><\/p>\n

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D\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0 ho\u00e3n v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc – tay sai c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7u T\u01b0\u1edfng – v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u00eau kh\u00edch nh\u1eb1m g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p <\/i>[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y Vi\u1ec7t Minh l\u00ean n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y 19-8-45, nh\u00f3m T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0129nh g\u00ec trong g\u1ea7n hai th\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n ch\u1edd tin t\u1ee9c Nh\u1ea5t Linh v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111ang \u1ed1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 10-45, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ra b\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi b\u00e1o<\/i>, s\u1ed1 1 ra ng\u00e0y 22-10-45, do Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Tr\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (\u00f4n ho\u00e0) l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh Gi\u01b0, ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat. T\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u0103m d\u00f2, ch\u01b0a ra m\u1eb7t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Vi\u1ec7t Minh, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

“V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng khai, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1edbi anh Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng … <\/i>[Tr\u1ea1c] quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ra m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/i>[th\u1eddi b\u00e1o]. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng tin t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00f4 h\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, phong ki\u1ebfn”<\/i>[50]<\/b><\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi b\u00e1o<\/i> ra \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 20 (14-11-45), \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau<\/i> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, C\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng. <\/i>S\u1ed1 1 (15-11-45), in hai v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/i> v\u00e0 L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c anh em c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh trong Vi\u1ec7t Minh,<\/i> tr\u00ean trang nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7c ra c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n thanh v\u00e0 r\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n ra, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng, c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c n\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 sau khi b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi anh Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, t\u00f4i v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng li\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngay m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: \u0111\u1ed5i ngay t\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi b\u00e1o sang t\u1edd “Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u01a1 quan ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a VNQD\u0110” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Tr\u1ea1c bi\u1ebft, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 n\u1ebfu Tr\u1ea1c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gi\u1edd<\/em>.”[51]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Tr\u1ea1c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ean ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat, ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m ki\u00eam ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat<\/i>“, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

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L\u00e0m b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ecdi r\u1ea5t g\u0103ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gay go, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng k\u00edch nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a t\u1edd C\u1edd Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng hay t\u1edd \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp<\/i> [52]<\/a>. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

N\u1ed9i dung t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gay go l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean qu\u1ed1c-c\u1ed9ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 1<\/i> (15-11-1945) in B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/i> l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n “hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n”, \u00fd n\u00f3i: sau bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m tranh \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00ed m\u1eadt “h\u00f4m nay Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng khai ra m\u1eaft qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>“. G\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc, Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh, K\u00fd Con, X\u1ee9 Nhu, L\u00ea H\u1eefu C\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh em kh\u00e1c; v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u hai l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 m\u1edbi: Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam ch\u01b0a v\u1ec1); ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Vi\u1ec7t Minh “trong hai th\u00e1ng qua <\/i>[th\u00e1ng 9 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 10-45] \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m<\/i>“, “\u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng<\/i>“… V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t “ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/i>“…<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c anh em C\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh trong Vi\u1ec7t Minh, <\/i>v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch “chi\u00eau h\u1ed3i”, k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi “b\u00ean kia” v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u00f3ng khung, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng”,<\/i> n\u00eau ra ch\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 2<\/i> (17-11-45), gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, v\u1edbi hai c\u00e1i t\u1ef1a: “C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1<\/i>” v\u00e0 “Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t x\u00edt c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh”.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 4<\/i> (18-11-45), gi\u1ecdng h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n: “Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/i>“, v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Ti\u00eau V\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u “bu\u1ed9c” hai b\u00ean ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 10<\/i> (25-11-45) s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, <\/i>v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1ef1a: \u00dd ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u VNQD\u0110; Ng\u00e0y \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft; C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i h\u00e3y \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft<\/i>… \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t in l\u1ea1i hai v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/p>\n

– V\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, k\u00fd ng\u00e0y 19-11-45, gi\u1eefa ba b\u00ean: Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Minh. <\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n k\u00fd k\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 19-11-45.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa: Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ed3ng minh h\u1ed9i, Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Minh do Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n, V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ba \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean:<\/i><\/p>\n

1- Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i cao (bao qu\u00e1t: danh x\u01b0ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c huy qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n).<\/i><\/p>\n

2- \u0110\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n li\u00ean h\u1ee3p (bao qu\u00e1t: nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1i cao, ngo\u1ea1i giao, n\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Hoa ki\u1ec1u, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n).<\/i><\/p>\n

3- H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c gia (bao qu\u00e1t: c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111em v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ri\u00eang).<\/i><\/p>\n

4- Ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tranh d\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i (bao qu\u00e1t: h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i y theo quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1o ch\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n phi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng).<\/i><\/p>\n

5- Tri\u1ec7u khai h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (bao qu\u00e1t: th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Trung Nam b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n.<\/i><\/p>\n

6- Quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/i><\/p>\n

7- Ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c x\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3 <\/i>[m\u01b0u k\u1ebf] th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/i><\/p>\n

K\u00fd t\u00ean:<\/i><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n
H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/i>
V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh<\/i>.<\/i><\/p>\n

– V\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft<\/i>, t\u1ee9c Tinh th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft<\/i>, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n cam k\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 11, <\/i>c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u k\u00fd nh\u1eadn: <\/i><\/p>\n

“Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1945 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0:<\/i><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n
H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh
<\/i>V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh
<\/i>L\u00ea T\u00f9ng S\u01a1n
C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn
<\/i><\/i>Phan Tr\u00e2m <\/i>[Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn H\u1ef7]<\/i><\/p>\n

Khai h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c. Trong cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1u khai th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eafm thi\u1ebft.<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00fac khai h\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd m\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u sau n\u00e0y:<\/i><\/p>\n

1- Hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng k\u00edch l\u1eabn nhau b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

2- Hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft.<\/i><\/p>\n

3- Hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Nam b\u1ed9<\/i><\/p>\n

4- Hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn hai b\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 sau.<\/i><\/p>\n

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K\u00fd t\u00ean:<\/i><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n        H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh
Phan Tr\u00e2m                   V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh
L\u00ea T\u00f9ng S\u01a1n                C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn<\/i><\/i>
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Hai v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed9ng. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n trong hai v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng sau l\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 20<\/i> (7-12-45), tr\u1edf t\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i gi\u1ecdng b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed<\/i> do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec1 ra, v\u1edbi b\u00e0i M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o.<\/i><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12-45, khi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p L\u00e2m th\u1eddi, s\u1eafp ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 36<\/i> (26-12-45), \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i: M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c- Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. <\/i>V\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 40<\/i> (30-12-45) c\u00f3 b\u00e0i g\u00f3p \u00fd v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi: Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i- V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

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B\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 41 <\/i>(1-1-46)<\/i><\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 41<\/i> (1-1-46) \u0111\u0103ng T\u00edt l\u1edbn: S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m nay 1-1-1946<\/b> \u0111\u00fang t\u00e1m gi\u1edd t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 H\u00e1t L\u1edbn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2m th\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee9c. Xin m\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n long tr\u1ecdng cho cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5. <\/i>V\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 42<\/i> (3-1-46) c\u00f3 b\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt: L\u1ec5 t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c gia Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p L\u00e2m th\u1eddi<\/i><\/p>\n

Bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 “long tr\u1ecdng” n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kho\u1ea3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch, t\u1ef1u trung h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba gh\u1ebf: Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n (ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch), Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Long (b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf) v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh Tr\u00ed (b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng y t\u1ebf), trong m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 16 gh\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

N\u1eeda th\u00e1ng sau, b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 53<\/i> (16-1-46), in ch\u00e2n dung Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u long tr\u1ecdng:<\/i><\/p>\n

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B\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 anh ch\u1ecb em \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng anh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean V.N.Q.D.\u0110. sau 5 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c gia<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Ch\u00e2n dung Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam tr\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 53 (16-1-46) <\/p>\n

B\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u00e2n dung nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam, l\u01b0u vong 5 n\u0103m, nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. <\/i>Th\u1ef1c ra, theo Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00f2ng B\u00e1ch, cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11-45, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 16-1, m\u1edbi ra m\u1eaft c\u00f4ng khai.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 60<\/i> (24-1-46), gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m: “B\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5, U\u1ef7 vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e1y bay t\u1eeb Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, sau 16 n\u0103m ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c.” <\/i>V\u00e0 s\u1ed1 61 <\/i>(25-1-46) in b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00ec Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11, nay m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng khai ra m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u1ea1 tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng 1-46, b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n.<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 55 <\/i>(18-1-46), c\u00f3 b\u00e0i S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ba b\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e2m th\u1eddi, <\/i>ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u trong ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, Chu V\u0103n T\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u00ec, b\u1edfi v\u00ec V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p ki\u00eam c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng. V\u00e0 b\u00e0i M\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n c\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng V\u00f5, <\/i>b\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec.<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 56<\/i> (19-1-46), c\u00f3 b\u00e0i: D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hay \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i? M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m gi\u1eef c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i l\u1eafm.<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f4ng k\u00edch Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1ee5 “c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n”, nh\u01b0ng “ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi, hay n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Gi\u00e1p-Li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i<\/i> m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i<\/i> (…) b\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>” (\u00dd n\u00f3i \u00f4ng Chu V\u0103n T\u1ea5n l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng “b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn”, \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1p ki\u00eam c\u1ea3 N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 l\u1eabn Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng) “V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u1edf trong tay \u00f4ng (…) \u00d4ng Gi\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong \u0111\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau quy\u1ec1n binh \u1edf trong tay m\u1ed9t hay hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i<\/i>.” T.L.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft T.L. l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1eddng Long, qua gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Long m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn hai \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1p, Li\u1ec7u. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n trong hai ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 H\u1ed3: Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e2m th\u1eddi (30-8-45) v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p L\u00e2m th\u1eddi (1-1-46). R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec b\u00e0i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1edbi khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, c\u1ea3 hai \u00f4ng Li\u1ec7u-Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00fat lui. <\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> s\u1ed1 62 (26-1-46) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/i>.<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 64,<\/i> T\u1ebft B\u00ednh Tu\u1ea5t (30-1-1946) ngo\u00e0i ba b\u00e0i Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y phi\u00eau b\u1ea1t<\/i> c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 L\u1ec5, T\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i<\/i> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam v\u00e0 \u1ea2 H\u1ea9u <\/i>c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn T\u00e2y x\u00f4ng nh\u00e0<\/i> c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng; M\u1ea5y l\u1eddi ch\u00fac t\u1ebft<\/i> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n; t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft M\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch; M\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 b\u00f3i Ki\u1ec1u v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc<\/i> T\u1ebft Canh Ng\u1ecd<\/i> c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Ho\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o C\u00f4n L\u00f4n<\/i> c\u1ee7a Xu\u00e2n T\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 3-1946, c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh Ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn.<\/i> <\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 88<\/i> (3-3-46) \u0111\u01b0a t\u00edt: Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u00f4m qua.<\/i> V\u00e0 trang tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u0103ng danh s\u00e1ch Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 2-3-46.<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 89<\/i> (5-3-46) h\u00f4 h\u00e0o: \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft! Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 9-3-1946, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> s\u1ed1 93 (9-3-46) l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 b\u00e0i Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y<\/i>. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp theo ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> s\u1ed1 97 (14-3-46) s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecf n\u00ean quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u00f3i b\u00e0i: B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e9.Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. <\/i>B\u00e0i n\u00e0y k\u00fd t\u00ean V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng n\u00eau l\u00ean 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e9.<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 98<\/i> (15-3-46):<\/i> C\u00f3 b\u00e0i: \u00d4ng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i giao Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u0110\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed1c d’Argenlieu m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn.<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 100<\/i> (17-3- 46), c\u00f3 b\u00e0i: Mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i v\u1ea1 di\u1ec7t vong, c\u00e1i nh\u1ee5c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: <\/i>C\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. <\/i>V\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Hoa, M\u1ef9, Vi\u1ec7t. <\/i>B\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n \u1edf Trung b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam b\u1ed9, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m [\u00dd n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t] \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong kh\u1ed1i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 giao \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 112<\/i> (31-3-46): C\u00f3 b\u00e0i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00f9y c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ea7y l\u1eddi t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft ng\u1ecf c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, <\/i>b\u00e0i n\u00e0y <\/i>ch\u1eafc Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o vi\u1ebft, <\/i>tha thi\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u00ec th\u1eafng, khi n\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta chia r\u1ebd th\u00ec th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 b\u00e0i: Ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng<\/i> D’Argenlieu tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e0m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. <\/i>B\u00e0i n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n l\u00fd do tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb tr\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a D’Argenlieu. <\/i>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1u trung, Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0129a m\u0169i d\u00f9i v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch hai \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1p-Li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u1ee5 H\u1ed3. <\/p>\n

Sau n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd, nh\u01b0 sau: <\/p>\n

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T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c do Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 chi\u00eau \u0111\u00e3i. D\u1ef1 d\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u T\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1 Trung hoa v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng. \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn ghi s\u00e2u trong tr\u00ed \u00f3c t\u00f4i. Ng\u00e0y nay, sau bao n\u0103m b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c truy n\u00e3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp; \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn. D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng ai ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e0i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

Trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \u00c9o le l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp… V\u1edbi l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3 l\u1eabn kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c, t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 g\u1ea7y v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1ea5p, v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng, v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o kaki v\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/i>[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> ra \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 12-46 th\u00ec ng\u1eebng, theo qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Ch\u00ednh Ngh\u0129a.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch t\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 2-46, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean l\u00e0m \u1edf Trung U\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch t\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, c\u00f3 Ch\u00e0ng l\u1ea9n th\u1ea9n<\/i> gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c. Ch\u00e0ng l\u1ea9n th\u1ea9n <\/i>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5m t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 5-46, Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng cho ra th\u00eam t\u1edd tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Ngh\u0129a<\/i>, s\u1ed1 1 ra ng\u00e0y 20-5-46, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00ednh Ngh\u0129a<\/i> s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng, s\u1ed1 ch\u00f3t 28 ra ng\u00e0y 16-12-46. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, 17-12-46, Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea v\u1ee3, l\u00e0ng D\u1ecbch Di\u1ec7p, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n n\u1eefa. V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 6-3-1946, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh v\u00e0 Sainteny v\u1edbi 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

1- Ph\u00e1p nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, trong Li\u00ean Bang \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

2- Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 thay th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, 7-3-46, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 H\u00e1t L\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9, V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh l\u00ean tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: “T\u00f4i th\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc”<\/i>[54]<\/b><\/i><\/a>. <\/i>Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c li\u1ec7t s\u0129 hy sinh \u1edf Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. Sau khi <\/i>[H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh] d\u1ee9t l\u1eddi, ng\u00e0y 7-3, m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean t\u00ean V\u0103n n\u00e9m m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n l\u00ean kh\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang ai. Anh ta b\u1ecb C\u00f4ng An Vi\u1ec7t Minh b\u1eaft ngay c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra cho r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o M\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee9c H\u00f9m X\u00e1m (\u0110\u1eb7ng T\u1eed K\u00ednh), ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ban \u00c1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1, ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c <\/i>[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Theo V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p th\u00ec k\u1ebb n\u00e9m l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n qu\u00ean m\u1edf ch\u1ed1t, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ngay v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y x\u1ea9y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n v\u0103n[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ngay sau khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh em t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp h\u00f4 to kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i: Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng… H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed9t… M\u1ea5y h\u00f4m sau, m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi h\u1ecd \u0111i qua b\u00f3t c\u1ea3ng s\u00e1t H\u00e0ng \u0110\u1eadu th\u00ec x\u1ea9y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam <\/em>[57]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eadn cho m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ng\u00e0n qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1ng \u0111i kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0n \u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n<\/i> [58]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot cho bi\u1ebft: “M\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n “s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n”<\/b><\/i> (in \u0111\u1eadm trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u00e1i h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 truy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n: trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd r\u00fat d\u1ea7n h\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i binh \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n”. Ng\u00e0y 8-3-46, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Lecomte v\u00e0 Repiton-Preneuf \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p. S\u00e1ng 9-3-46, nh\u1eefng xe thi\u1ebft gi\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. Hai \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1edbi t\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 “ch\u00fac m\u1eebng T\u01b0\u1edbng Leclerc tr\u00ean t\u1ea7u Emile Bertin”<\/em>[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Sau hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 13-3-46, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch r\u00fat v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn khu L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n trong v\u00f9ng Th\u1ea5t S\u01a1n, Y\u00ean L\u1ea1p, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ly khai; qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Kim Th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3600 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f5 trang, trong c\u00f3 800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb M\u1ed1ng C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Kh\u00e1ng Chi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5. V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed “h\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i”. Vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Long b\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 16-3-46, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u1eed Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5 c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang Trung Hoa, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00f2a hi\u1ebfu. C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n V\u0129nh Th\u1ee5y \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.[61]<\/a> Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i giao, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng; Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/b><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 5-10-1945, T\u01b0\u1edbng Leclerc t\u1edbi S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh Nam b\u1ed9. <\/p>\n

S\u00e1u th\u00e1ng sau, qu\u00e2n Leclerc ra t\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

15 gi\u1edd ng\u00e0y 18-3-46, \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, g\u1ed3m 2.200 binh s\u0129 v\u00e0 200 chi\u1ebfn xa, gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 v\u1ed7 tay hoan h\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

B\u00f9i Di\u1ec5m vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Trong m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, vi\u1ec7c Vi\u1ec7t Minh cho ph\u00e9p Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn g\u00e2y ra \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u xa. Hai tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 sau khi k\u00fd k\u1ebft, l\u00fac t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf ban c\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ee7 Do\u00e3n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec ngay ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 ng\u00e0n qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang di\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng Jacques Philippe Leclerc. Nh\u00ecn h\u1ecd, b\u1ecdn t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y cay \u0111\u1eafng d\u00e2ng tr\u00e0o. Quang c\u1ea3nh ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec1u ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee9ng tung h\u00f4. Tr\u00ean ban c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng g\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt l\u1ec7 c\u0103m ph\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c. <\/em>[62]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Guillemot vi\u1ebft: “Cu\u1ed9c duy\u1ec7t binh ng\u00e0y 22-3-46 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng binh \u0111\u1ed9i thi\u1ebft gi\u00e1p s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, Sainteny v\u00e0 Leclerc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/em>“<\/strong>[63]<\/a><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3-46, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch h\u1ecdp chung, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 25-4-46, m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, 80 Quan Th\u00e1nh, gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0169 kh\u00ed kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 20-5-46, 500 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb Ph\u00fac Y\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu V\u1ecb, Duviller, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ea7n ng\u1ef1a[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t<\/b><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i giao trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u00f9 li\u1ec7u trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb tr\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m ph\u00f3, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t h\u1ecdp t\u1eeb 19-4-46 \u0111\u1ebfn 11-5-46.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Khi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, anh Tam n\u00f3i: N\u00f3 b\u1eaft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng…<\/b> Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c… Nh\u01b0ng ngay ch\u00ednh trong ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00ecnh, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed.
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd sau n\u00e0y.”<\/em>[65]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Fontainbleau. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng:<\/i><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u1ea3ng (…) c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111a s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n r\u00fat l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn khu v\u00ec e b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u00f9 sao vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t trong kh\u1ed1i “Tinh th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft”. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y h\u00f4m sau, n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ai tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed? <\/em>[66]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p hay \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eabn nhau, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch k\u1ec3:<\/i><\/p>\n

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C\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb li\u00ean t\u1ecbch. Theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00ec sau khi qu\u00e2n T\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00fat, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec phe qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, hai l\u00e0 lui v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang r\u1ebd (…) \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (…) H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy \u0110\u1ec7 Tam khu <\/i>[V\u0129nh Y\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i] \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y c\u1ea3 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 khi c\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi v\u00e0i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00ean V\u0129nh Y\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3<\/i>.[67]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch “l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn khu” v\u1edbi v\u00e0i v\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong “m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 6”,<\/i> c\u1ea3i trang b\u1eb1ng binh ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng xanh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt qua c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m g\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh[68]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng vi\u1ebft: “L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn khu m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea7u th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Cao “Chi\u1ec1u nay tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn khu trong r\u1eebng chi\u1ec1u.”<\/i>[69]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Th\u1ebf nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd:<\/i><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c anh \u00edt d\u00e1m \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00e8 k\u00e8 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang s\u00fang \u0111i theo…<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng sau, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m anh T\u01b0 <\/i>[Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o] xu\u1ed1ng ch\u01a1i, v\u1ebb m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng vui… Anh g\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1eafp ph\u1ea3i \u0111i n\u00ean h\u00f4m nay xu\u1ed1ng th\u0103m c\u00f4… L\u00fac ti\u1ec5n anh ra c\u1eeda t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng anh em g\u1eb7p nhau…<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00cdt h\u00f4m sau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u00fa B\u1ea9y <\/i>[T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch] \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01a1i. C\u00e1c con t\u00f4i ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi t\u00edu t\u00edt v\u00e0 th\u00f2 tay v\u00e0o t\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm k\u1eb9o, ai ng\u1edd l\u00f4i ra to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gay go l\u1eafm sao m\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mang s\u00fang v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7. Ch\u00fa b\u1ea3o hai b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ra \u0111i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch lu\u00f4n n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn… \u0110\u00f9a ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ch\u00fa ra v\u1ec1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.”<\/em>[70]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn:<\/i><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1946. Sau m\u1ea5y h\u00f4m \u1edf V\u0129nh Y\u00ean, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 gi\u1eef, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec xem x\u00e9t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh (…) Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd b\u1ecf c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m V\u0129nh y\u00ean, r\u00fat qu\u00e2n l\u00ean t\u1eadp trung \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec v\u00e0 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n (…) V\u00e0i h\u00f4m sau, Vi\u1ec7t Minh n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y th\u1eddi c\u01a1, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0o to\u00e0n tuy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb V\u0129nh Y\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1eaft Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy chung. Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.(…)<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi, t\u00f4i tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh nhau gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi nhau, trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Theo \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u anh em thanh ni\u00ean l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00ec th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u00f9 h\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u anh em l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3<\/em>.[71]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

V\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i hai b\u00ean, T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft: “Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Qu\u00e2n ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 <\/i>[Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c] ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1edd \u0111\u00ea m\u00e0 b\u1eafn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng <\/i>[Vi\u1ec7t Minh] l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ru\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bia \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea1n, b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau”.<\/em>[72]<\/a><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn nh\u1ecf \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Minh bao v\u00e2y, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 tay Vi\u1ec7t Minh, V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00fat l\u00ean Y\u00ean B\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 6-1946, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Long c\u00f2n \u1edf trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p, \u0111ang gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Kinh t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u1edbng Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Th\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Vi\u1ec7t Minh, l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn khu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a hai b\u00ean. Hai anh em g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhau trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1:<\/i><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd l\u00e0 khi k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ch\u1ed7 r\u1ebd v\u00e0o Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd th\u00ec g\u1eb7p ngay chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Tr\u00ean xe b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Minh, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ho\u00e0ng… <\/i>[V\u0103n Th\u00e1i] v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai xa l\u1ea1, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 anh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Long. Nh\u1eefng anh em ti\u1ec1n phong \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e2y l\u1ea5y Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Vi\u1ec7t Minh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00ec tr\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00ean ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1, v\u00f4 \u00edch. C\u00f2n Ho\u00e0ng th\u00ec xem ra c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tay \u0111\u1ecbch, m\u1eb7t t\u00e1i m\u00e9t.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 x\u1eed. Quay v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. Sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi anh Long, anh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c r\u00fat l\u00ean Y\u00ean B\u00e1i l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf. C\u00f2n Ho\u00e0ng th\u00ec b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m lui nh\u1eefng to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Minh n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf”.<\/i> Anh Long cho bi\u1ebft: Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c anh Tam, Chu B\u00e1 Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng… \u1edf l\u1ea1i. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch g\u00ec, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf.<\/em>[73]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Theo tin n\u00e0y th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 6-46.<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Minh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, “V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ed1c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 anh Long v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng v\u00e2y”, <\/i>l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Th\u00e1i tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Y\u00ean B\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

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Sau c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eddi b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy Khu Ba, l\u00ean L\u00e0o Cai cho an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.”<\/em>[74]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y sau, b\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, V\u0129nh y\u00ean. Y\u00ean B\u00e1i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ri\u1ebft. T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat \u0111i h\u1ebft. R\u1ed3i c\u00f3 tin anh Tam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e1y bay \u0111i C\u00f4n Minh. B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Th\u1eddi c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 xoay \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1 li\u1ec7t gay go.<\/i>[75]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Long \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111i C\u00f4n Minh g\u1eb7p Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam c\u00f9ng lo vi\u1ec7c ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi Trung Hoa. Trong khi \u1ea5y, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nguy ng\u1eadp: V\u0129nh Y\u00ean ra h\u00e0ng, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y ch\u1eb7t… “\u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00e1o c\u1ea5p xin th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u00fang” <\/i>m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tin t\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n \u1edf C\u00f4n Minh, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft: “Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, anh em quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1eed t\u00f4i sang V\u00e2n Nam c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n.”<\/em>[76]<\/a><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 7-1946 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng 6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea7u s\u1eaft L\u00e0o Cai-H\u00e0 Kh\u1ea9u, sang Trung Hoa, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng:<\/i><\/p>\n

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T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, tr\u1eeb Y\u00ean B\u00e1i v\u00e0 L\u00e0o Cai nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1ecb v\u00e2y ch\u1eb7t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p, hai l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n.<\/em>[77]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ea1y sang T\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: “Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n nh\u1edd g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi. Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc “c\u1ee9u tinh” 6-3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o c\u1ee9u H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.”<\/i>[78]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1ee5 \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 thanh tr\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau. Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, s\u1eed gia Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u00ean ph\u1ed1, \u1edf s\u1ed1 9 [79]<\/a>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng. Trong hai ng\u00e0y 12 v\u00e0 13-7-46, Vi\u1ec7t Minh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i m\u1ea5t t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y “tang ch\u1ee9ng” Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v.v…” tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ngay sau khi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 6-3, V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 tin s\u1ebd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: “B\u1ecdn Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng tay sai c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eabn m\u01b0u toan ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u00e2n l\u00fac b\u1ecdn ch\u00fang hoang mang v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1eafp b\u1ecb T\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecf r\u01a1i; ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a ch\u00fang, k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n” (Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean, Q\u0110ND, 1974, tr. 207). Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch “h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p”? L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n ch\u00ed t\u1eed v\u00e0o b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y? \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Minh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1i m\u00e0 s\u1eed th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u.” <\/em>[80]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Thu th\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00eda, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ng\u00e0y 1-6-46, nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam v\u00e0 V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh, h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i 80 Quan Th\u00e1nh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, h\u1ed3i 20 gi\u1edd, trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp b\u00ed m\u1eadt t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n sang Ph\u00e1p <\/i>[d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Fontainebleau]. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u1ebfu “ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng v\u00f5 kh\u00ed ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p”. <\/b>Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n, V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi v\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch “li\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u0103ng Ph\u00e1p<\/b>” <\/i>(in <\/i>\u0111\u1eadm trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n). Nh\u01b0ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1edf Paris”. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng: hi\u1ec7n ta c\u00f3 6000 l\u00ednh v\u00f5 trang tinh nhu\u1ec7, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u00eau V\u0103n v\u00e0 L\u01b0 H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c. Bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp <\/i>[ng\u00e0y 1-6] sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn <\/i>[Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng]: “C\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang; B\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m T\u1ef1 v\u1ec7; Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng<\/i>“.<\/i><\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd, b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh Bernard Fall, khi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: “Chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u”, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y theo \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Leclerc chia s\u1ebb. Trung t\u00e1 Repiton-Preneuf, ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m Ph\u00f2ng Nh\u00ec Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 2-1946, r\u1eb1ng:<\/i> “Tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 gan d\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf “m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u00eda Nam<\/i>“. \u1ede B\u1eafc, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd”.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 10-6-46, trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eadn Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i:<\/i><\/p>\n

“H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc (…)<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf trong Nam, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c anh em trong Nam, d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 dao g\u0103m v\u00e0 l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n do ta ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.\u201d<\/em>[81]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat lui, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m, b\u1edfi t\u1eeb nay, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 lui v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. V\u00ec V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 6-3-46, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed Anh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng. S\u1ef1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng An Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5-1946, \u0111\u00e3 loan b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed Anh, \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, cu\u1ed9c binh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14-7-1946.[82]<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 phi\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Minh, V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Ho\u00e0n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch “v\u1ea1ch m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp b\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng”.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p vi\u1ebft:“Anh Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Ho\u00e0n c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i b\u00e0n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean, nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111ang h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1”<\/i>[83]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

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Sau khi ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, do Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>[84]<\/b><\/i><\/a> c\u00f9ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111i Paris, Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p l\u00e0m ph\u00f3. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Ho\u00e0n (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 B\u00ed th\u01b0 \u1ee6y ban \u0110\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9), thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, sau khi th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 6 <\/i>[1946], Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Jean Cr\u00e9pin, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 T\u01b0\u1edbng Valluy, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m \u1edf B\u1eafc b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi th\u1eb3ng \u00f4ng ta, n\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Minh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Cr\u00e9pin tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng xen v\u00e0o “vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t”. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng, r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thanh tr\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp trong l\u00fac h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Fontainebleu \u0111ang h\u1ecdp. C\u1ee5 Hu\u1ef3nh tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb m\u00e0 V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p c\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 7 <\/em>[85]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp: “C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c loan tin c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea3o thanh d\u1eef d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: “\u1ede H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u00eam 12 r\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 7, C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thanh tr\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Nh\u00e0 in c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a VNQD\u0110 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 n\u00e1t, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u1edf tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u0110MH. C\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang b\u1eafn nhau gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u00e1 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eb9”<\/i>[86]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1946, khi chi\u1ebfn tranh Ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Theo L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/i>, t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 40 s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t M\u1eadt tr\u1eadn Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 [87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Guillemot vi\u1ebft: “Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0y 23 v\u00e0 27-10, h\u01a1n 400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nghi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft trong nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c b\u1ed1 r\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1eadp bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i: t\u1eeb 70 gh\u1ebf th\u00e1ng 3-46; c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 2 gh\u1ebf trong th\u00e1ng 11-46. (…) K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7-1946, phe \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng tan r\u00e3, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ngh\u1eb9t th\u1edf”<\/i>[88]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed Anh <\/i>[\u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng] b\u1ecb b\u1eaft g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd trong v\u1ee5 x\u00e9t gi\u1ea5y \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ng\u00e0y 17-12 <\/i>[1946], theo c\u00f4ng an Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 Vi\u1ebft Linh, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1m t\u1eed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 truy l\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng theo Boisson, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed Anh b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ng\u00e0y 19-12 (…) C\u00f2n L\u00fd \u0110\u00f4ng A <\/i>[\u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Duy D\u00e2n] c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch truy n\u00e3 Duy D\u00e2n \u1edf Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh. T\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1946, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc<\/i>.[89]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Theo Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, Jacques Raphael-Leygues, U\u1ef7 vi\u00ean h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb 1945 t\u1edbi 1950, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hai \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng Salan v\u00e0 Valluy \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Minh; trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd, Raphael-Leygues vi\u1ebft: “\u0110\u00fang l\u00fac n\u00e0y <\/i>[1946], Salan \u0111ang c\u00f2n “thi\u00ean t\u1ea3”. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Valluy, \u00f4ng ta gi\u00fap H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 <\/b>(in \u0111\u1eadm trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n) m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd hi\u1ec3u chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Salan h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u00f4ng ta mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, hay l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng…”<\/i><\/p>\n

Guillemet vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp: “Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cr\u00e9pin <\/i>[ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 T\u01b0\u1edbng Valluy] <\/i>x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, qua c\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00e2y trong b\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd n\u00f3i tr\u00ean: “N\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Cr\u00e9pin, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u Vi\u1ec7t Minh ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00fang ta \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1ng 6 <\/i>[1946] \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap g\u00ec cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho ta. \u00d4ng ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “T\u00f4i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i Vi\u1ec7t Minh”<\/b> (J’annihilerai toute opposition Vi\u1ec7t Minh) <\/b>(in \u0111\u1eadm trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n). <\/b>Tuy nhi\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh Cr\u00e9pin l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n N\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t Vi\u1ec7t Minh<\/i>“[90]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea
thuykhue.free.fr<\/strong>
 <\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u00eam trong 1945-1964 Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y, Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua<\/i>, trang 11, ghi: “21-8-1945: M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thanh ni\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc X\u00e1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft g\u1eedi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u0103n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vua B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb<\/i>“. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00fang: ng\u00e0y 21-8-1945, vua nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn<\/i>, v\u00ec tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u ho\u00e0ng trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd (tuy \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ghi r\u00f5 ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng cho bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y x\u1ea9y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 22-8). C\u00f2n c\u00e2u “M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thanh ni\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc X\u00e1”, <\/i>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u00eam ph\u1ecfng theo nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i: Nguy\u1ec5n Xi\u1ec3n, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Huy\u00ean, Ng\u1ee5y Nh\u01b0 Kontum, H\u1ed3 H\u1eefu T\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c<\/i>.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, <\/i>trang 254.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/i>, trang 255-257.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0: Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ki\u00eam B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngoai giao: H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5: V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p. Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng: Chu V\u0103n T\u1ea5n. T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng. Kinh t\u1ebf: Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh H\u00e0. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u00ea V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn. Thanh ni\u00ean: D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: \u0110\u1eb7ng Thai Mai. T\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p: V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Kh\u00e1nh. Giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh: \u0110\u00e0o Tr\u1ecdng Kim. Y t\u1ebf v\u1ec7 sinh: Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1. Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n: Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u. B\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed9: C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n.<\/i><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng, sau gia h\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/i>, trang 258-259).<\/i><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/i>, trang 257-259.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, Con r\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, trang 186. Xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng: Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3<\/i>.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, Con R\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, <\/i>trang 183.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Ph\u1ea1m Kh\u1eafc Ho\u00e8, T\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc<\/i>, Nxb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1983, trang 68.<\/i><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, Con R\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, trang 198.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua<\/i>, t\u1eadp 1; Nxb Th\u1ea1ch Ng\u1eef, Hoa K\u1ef3, 1998, trang 223.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nguy\u00ean t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed <\/i>– H\u1ed3i k\u00fd v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng khi in Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef H\u1ed3i k\u00fd v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i>, n\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd tr\u00e1ch. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ng\u1eef c\u00f3 l\u00fd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, <\/i>kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tranh ch\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c-c\u1ed9ng 1945-1946, qua c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u1edf trong Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4n ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ng\u1eebng \u1edf n\u0103m 1949, khi Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u. C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, vi\u1ebft hay, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1ecf r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tr\u1ee9\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n n\u1ed3ng h\u1eadu l\u00fac m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai l\u00e0 ai, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i khi \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2005, t\u1ea1i California, Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua<\/i>, cu\u1ed1n 1, trang 141.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua<\/i>, cu\u1ed1n 1, trang 141.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 16- 9 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 31-10- 41, xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng, Xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch<\/i>, Ng\u00e0y Nay K\u1ef7 Nguy\u00ean M\u1edbi, s\u1ed1 4, 26-5-45.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf Trung qu\u1ed1c<\/i>.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh Tri\u1ec7u, Ba t\u00f4i<\/i>, V\u0103n s\u1ed1 22 (15-11-64) s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Kh\u00e1i H\u01b0ng, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, trang 26.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> Theo H\u1ee9a B\u1ea3o Li\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00f4i<\/i>, h\u1ed3i k\u00fd, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, California, 2005, trang 59.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua<\/i>, cu\u1ed1n 1, trang 141.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> Xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng: Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3<\/i>.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a>Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, nh\u00f3m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed,<\/i> Monr\u00e9al, 1981, trang 69.<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, M\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 b\u1ee5i<\/i>, Vi\u1ec7t Books in l\u1ea1i, California, 2010, trang 85.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua<\/i>, cu\u1ed1n 1, trang 160.<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua<\/i>, cu\u1ed1n 1, trang 186.<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, trang 70.<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, trang 72, 73.<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u00eam, 1945-1964 Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y, Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua<\/i>, trang 13.<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o, Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, <\/i>trang 242.<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o, Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, <\/i>trang 240- 241-242.<\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o, Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng, <\/i>t. 242-244.<\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/i>, trang 265.<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/i>, trang 270.<\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> T\u01b0\u1edbng Long V\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u00eam, 1945-1964 Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y, Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua<\/i>, trang 14.<\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t,<\/i> trang 319.<\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, Con r\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam,<\/i> trang 213.<\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/i>, trang 266-267.<\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3<\/i>, <\/i>trang 271. <\/i><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0, t\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p L\u00e2m th\u1eddi<\/i> (1-1-46): Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ki\u00eam b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i giao: H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; Ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch: Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n, N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5: V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p; Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n: Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u; Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng: Chu V\u0103n T\u1ea5n; Thanh ni\u00ean: D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n; Kinh T\u1ebf: Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Long; X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed1; T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p: V\u0169 Tr\u1ecdng Kh\u00e1nh; Y T\u1ebf: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh Tr\u00ed; Giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh: \u0110\u00e0o Tr\u1ecdng Kim; Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u00ea V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn; T\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh: Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng; Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh H\u00f2e; Canh N\u00f4ng: C\u00f9 Huy C\u1eadn; Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed9: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o, t. 255. Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t <\/i>t. 321. Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, t. 268.<\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0, t\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn<\/i> :Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch: H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; Ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch: Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n; Ngo\u1ea1i giao: Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam; Kinh t\u1ebf: Chu B\u00e1 Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng; Y t\u1ebf: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh Tri; Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: \u0110\u1eb7ng Thai Mai; T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: L\u00ea V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn, T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p: V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh H\u00f2e; Giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh: Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u0103ng Khoa, N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5: Hu\u1ef7nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng; Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng: Phan Anh; Canh N\u00f4ng: B\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n Lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, trang 317.<\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, t. 317, 318.<\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o, Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng <\/i>trang 256. Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Hoan, Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3,<\/i> trang 268.<\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 2\/46 qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n mi\u1ec1n Trung, t\u1eeb v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 16 tr\u1edf v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t. 84, 85.<\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, t. 323.<\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, trang 73.<\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua<\/i>, cu\u1ed1n 1, trang 193-194.<\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua<\/i>, cu\u1ed1n 1, trang 194.<\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00f2ng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed,<\/i> trang 81. <\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean<\/i>, trang 197; Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t,<\/i> trang 325.<\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t,<\/i> t. 325.<\/p>\n

[56]<\/a> V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean<\/i>, t. 195. <\/p>\n

[57]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t. 86.<\/p>\n

[58]<\/a> V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean, <\/i>t. 187.<\/p>\n

[59]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t,<\/i> t. 322.<\/p>\n

[60]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t,<\/i> t. 324-325.<\/p>\n

[61]<\/a> Nghi\u00eam K\u1ebf T\u1ed5, Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e1u l\u1eeda<\/i>, Mai L\u0129nh, 1954, t. 95-97; B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, Con r\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, trang 237.<\/p>\n

[62]<\/a> B\u00f9i Di\u1ec5m, G\u1ecdng k\u00ecm l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, <\/i>C\u01a1 s\u1edf xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1m Quang Khai, 2000, t. 75.<\/p>\n

[63]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, t. 328.<\/p>\n

[64]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, t. 332-333.<\/p>\n

[65]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t. 86.<\/p>\n

[66]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, <\/i>t. 93.<\/p>\n

[67]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, <\/i>trang 90.<\/p>\n

[68]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t. 90.<\/p>\n

[69]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t. 91.<\/p>\n

[70]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Th\u1ebf, H\u1ed3i k\u00fd v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng, <\/i>t. 136-137.<\/p>\n

[71]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t. 93, 94, 95.<\/p>\n

[72]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t. 95.<\/p>\n

[73]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t. 98, 99. <\/p>\n

[74]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t.101, 107.<\/p>\n

[75]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, <\/i>t.109.<\/p>\n

[76]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t.110.<\/p>\n

[77]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i>, t. 111, 126.<\/p>\n

[78]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, t. 328.<\/p>\n

[79]<\/a> Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0o ghi s\u1ed1 9, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t Minh ghi s\u1ed1 7.<\/p>\n

[80]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, t. 332.<\/p>\n

[81]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, t. 333- 334.<\/p>\n

[82]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, t. 334.<\/p>\n

[83]<\/a> V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean, <\/i>t. 104.<\/p>\n

[84]<\/a> Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n VN tham d\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Fontainebleau, ngo\u00e0i Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng, tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00f3n c\u00f3 Ho\u00e0ng Minh Gi\u00e1m, Phan Anh, T\u1ea1 Quang B\u1eedu, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Huy\u00ean, Tr\u1ecbnh V\u0103n B\u00ednh… Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p m\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y 31-5-1946, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ean m\u00e1y bay. T\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p g\u1eb7p l\u00fac \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ea1m tr\u00fa \u1edf Biarritz. Ng\u00e0y 23-6 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Georges Bidault. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Fontainbleau, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 6-7-1946, trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec, r\u00fat c\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf d\u1edf. \u0110\u00eam 14-9-46, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 dinh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i giao Marius Moutet, k\u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc (Modus vivendi). \u00d4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7. Ng\u00e0y 20-10-46, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10, V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 huy chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

[85]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, <\/i>t. 335.<\/p>\n

[86]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t,<\/i> t. 339.<\/p>\n

[87]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, t. 343.<\/p>\n

[88]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, t. 343-344.<\/p>\n

[89]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t,<\/i> t. 354.<\/p>\n

[90]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Guillemot, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/i> t. 357, 358. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo [Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1o] tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1 56 (19-1-46), trong v\u1ee5 “c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n,” th\u00ec hai \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u …. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec b\u00e0i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1edbi khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, c\u1ea3 hai \u00f4ng Li\u1ec7u-Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00fat lui.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1108,"featured_media":70489,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,9,8,181,289],"tags":[383],"class_list":["post-70492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-nghien-cuu","category-phe-binh","category-tu-lieu","category-tu-luc-van-doan-phong-hoa-ngay-nay","tag-tu-luc-van-doan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70492"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70495,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70492\/revisions\/70495"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}