{"id":6720,"date":"2007-05-15T21:40:00","date_gmt":"2007-05-15T21:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/6720"},"modified":"2022-02-23T23:55:35","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T23:55:35","slug":"bon-muoi-lam-nam-thi-ca-viet-nam-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/6720\/bon-muoi-lam-nam-thi-ca-viet-nam-2","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m thi ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<p><strong>L\u1eddi xin l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb Ban Bi\u00ean T\u1eadp<\/strong> \u2013 Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1975, Ban B\u00e1o Ch\u00ed H\u1ed9i Sinh Vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Sydney, \u00dac \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ee3i, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp \u201cThi Ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 1930-1975\u201d sau h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u1ea5n lo\u00e1t. Theo l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1eadp th\u01a1, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i thi s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t-nam\u201d trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930-1975. B\u00e0i khai t\u1eeb \u201cb\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m thi ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi anh V\u00f5 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Long, nguy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban B\u00e1o Ch\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp th\u01a1. Ban Bi\u00ean T\u1eadp damau.org \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch li\u00ean l\u1ea1c anh V\u00f5 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Long \u0111\u1ec3 xin ph\u00e9p anh cho in l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng may kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft anh \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. Bi\u1ebft anh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng, vui v\u1ebb chuy\u1ec7n thi ca, ch\u1eafc anh kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi xin l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebfn anh.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p><strong>b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m thi ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><em>Ng\u00f5 ban s\u01a1 \u2026<\/em>     <br \/><em>\u2026 H\u1ea1nh ng\u00e2n d\u00e0i<\/em>     <br \/><em>C\u1ed5ng x\u00f4 c\u00f2n v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u t\u00e0i t\u1eed qua.<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"right\">B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng (Hoa Ng\u00f5 H\u1ea1nh)<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>Trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd thi ca l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft \u01b0u \u00e1i n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u2013 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf &#8211; bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi thi ca. Ch\u01b0a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh, th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, trau chu\u1ed1t, v\u1edbi th\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Ca dao ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1i \u00e1o b\u1ecf qu\u00ean \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 trong thi ca. C\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m th\u01a1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. C\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ec3\u201d sang \u201ct\u00ednh\u201d huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong th\u01a1, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n v\u1eady n\u1eefa, trong h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t? Con c\u00f2, n\u1ee5 hoa \u0111\u00e0o, n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 anh ch\u00e0ng si t\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00eam c\u00fang cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu-ph\u1ee5-Vi\u1ec7t-v\u1ee3-ng\u01b0\u1eddi-kh\u00e1ch. C\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ai v\u1eady? Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea nh\u00ecn tr\u1eddi nh\u00ecn m\u00e2y m\u00e0 v\u1ebd \u00fd th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 quan li\u00eau, quan li\u00eau c\u1ea5p cao, \u0111\u1ecdc truy\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c bu\u1ed3n bu\u1ed3n vi\u1ebft h\u01a1n ba ng\u00e0n c\u00e2u l\u1ee5c-b\u00e1t, l\u00e0 Ki\u1ec1u. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3ng t\u1eed giang h\u1ed3, h\u1eadn th\u00ea nhi b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c, s\u1ea7u m\u00e2y kh\u00f3c gi\u00f3, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01a1. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i m\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn khi g\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta m\u1eb7c \u00e1o r\u00e1ch, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o l\u1ee5a, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o g\u1ea5m. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m th\u01a1, v\u00e0 n\u0103m nay, 1975, l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m th\u01a1. C\u00f2n t\u1eadp-th\u1ec3-ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta phong th\u00e1i thi ca?<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef0 T\u01af\u01a0NG QUAN GI\u1eeeA X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I V\u00c0 THI CA<\/p>\n<p>Hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m qua, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00f9 l\u00ec tr\u00f4i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian. T\u1eeb 1930<sup>1<\/sup> \u0111\u1ebfn nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ng\u1ea1t th\u1edf v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean mi\u00ean v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. V\u0103n minh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t th\u01a1 m\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. R\u1ed3i chia \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 1930-45, hai l\u00e0 1945-54, ba l\u00e0 1954-75, \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t th\u1eabm tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, d\u00f9 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 hay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00ec ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng cung c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 l\u00ean ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u00e0i th\u01a1, c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng \u00fd. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3n h\u1eadu b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a trong ca dao c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh qu\u00ea Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh. Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4n \/ Phan Huy \u00cdch kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o phong th\u00e1i Quang D\u0169ng. V\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111i\u1ec7u suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n-ph\u1eadn-ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa r\u1eddi ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi v\u00f2ng tay t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc v\u1ea1m v\u1ee1 ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 d\u00f9 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, d\u00f9 hoa th\u01a1m d\u00f9 b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y, d\u00f9 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng d\u00f9 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00f4ng ai gi\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m qua. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c t\u1eadn t\u1ee7y. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c (tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau), m\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Trong 45 n\u0103m n\u00e0y, n\u1eeda th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi n\u1eeda th\u1eddi gian sau, t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec7t xa c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 th\u00e1i suy t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd c\u1eadt v\u1ea5n. Th\u00ec h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u00ean s\u1eafp sinh. C\u00f2n ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. B\u00ean Ph\u00e1p, t\u1eeb th\u01a1 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3u-m\u1eabu-v\u00e0-s\u01a1-khai Racine \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01a1 si\u00eau th\u1ef1c Pr\u00e9vert, h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1c, n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n h\u01a1n, nhanh h\u01a1n, kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i ca t\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng. N\u00e0o t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, Ho\u00e0i Thanh, Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng&#8230; \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i. B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1edd s\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y thay ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4i, ta h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi ca th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eeba qua. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00eam b\u1edbt v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n: nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eeba qua. \u1ede tr\u00ean t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t. Th\u00ec th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 d\u1ee5 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y hai c\u00f2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 n\u1eefa l\u00e0. \u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. H\u1ed3i tr\u1ebb, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u01a1 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. H\u1ed3i gi\u00e0, v\u1eabn \u00f4ng, l\u00e0m th\u01a1 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y thanh ni\u00ean ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1eefa! H\u1ecd sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y h\u00f3a. H\u1ecdc ch\u1eef T\u00e2y t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y bi\u1ebft ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1eed Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecf h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1i c\u00f9ng tu\u1ed5i m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i ra sao, l\u1ecd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng cha n\u1eefa, m\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc \u00ea a nh\u01b0 v\u1eb9t Tam T\u1ef1 Kinh, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 v\u1eb9t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecdc T\u01b0 Th\u01b0 Ng\u0169 Kinh&#8230; M\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecdc Beaudelaire ai m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng. Tu\u1ed5i thanh ni\u00ean l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u00edch n\u1ec9 non m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t hung h\u0103ng. C\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ecd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n xao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u1eeba qua cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Con m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n. Con s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00fd v\u1ecb b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng thu\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong n\u00f3, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m xao xuy\u1ebfn chia ly, s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i. V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n &quot;l\u00e0n thu th\u1ee7y, n\u00e9t xu\u00e2n s\u01a1n&quot;<sup>2<\/sup> m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00f3c \u0111en qu\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e1 tr\u1eafng, m\u00f4i h\u1ed3ng c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1eaft trong nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 thu. Con c\u00f2 tr\u00ean ru\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc<sup>3<\/sup>, con c\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft xao xuy\u1ebfn, ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n<sup>4<\/sup>. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh x\u01b0a c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n nhung m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ebf, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u00f2n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 man n\u00e0o m\u00e0 k\u1ec3 n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a y\u00eau nhau thanh tho\u00e1t, hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, t\u1eed t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, vui v\u1ebb. Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, 1930-1945, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y h\u01a1n (v\u00e0 than \u00f4i, ch\u00f3ng t\u00e0n h\u01a1n). Th\u00fay Ki\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec7n l\u00ean x\u1ebb m\u1ea3nh tr\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i, &quot;n\u1eeda treo g\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfc, n\u1eeda tr\u00f4i d\u1eb7m tr\u01b0\u1eddng&quot;. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Du ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a. V\u1edbi H\u00e0n M\u1eb7c T\u1eed, tr\u0103ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n, t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9, tr\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ghen, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f2i d\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh d\u00f9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd kh\u00e1c. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01a1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nhau g\u1ea7n hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m. H\u1ecd xa nhau c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i l\u00e0m sao h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1eb1ng trung \u00fd thi ca, l\u00e0 hai chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i song song v\u1edbi nhau. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m thi ca th\u1eddi c\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn hay t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ra hai b\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd g\u00ec, L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00e1p b\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n, b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n, c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f9a th\u00e2n m\u1eadt; L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u01a1 \u00fd t\u1ee9 xa x\u00f4i l\u1eddi l\u1ebd k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0 B\u00e0 Huy\u1ec7n Thanh Quan ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a! Nhan s\u1eafc ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0n ng\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbng r\u0169, b\u1eb1ng v\u1ebb \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0i c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef3nh Nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m Th\u00e1i<sup>5<\/sup>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. Nhan s\u1eafc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ed3 l\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft to v\u00e0 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o b\u1ea7u b\u0129nh. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1 h\u1ed3ng kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i. Nh\u1eefng tay tr\u1ea7n tr\u00f2n tr\u0129nh quy\u1ebfn r\u0169&#8230; C\u00f2n n\u00f3i sao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed3 \u1ea1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u00fd l\u1eabn l\u1eddi sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 th\u01a1, th\u01a1 m\u1edbi, l\u00fac \u1ea5y ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u th\u1ee9c thi ca nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ecdn t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1eddi \u1ea5y. B\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Th\u1ebf L\u1eef v\u00e0 L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0, th\u01a1 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean mi\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 k\u1ebf c\u1eadn. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, b\u1edfi \u201cth\u01a1 m\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. N\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb trong su\u1ed1t m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m, m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thi ca. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i v\u00e0o thi ca \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng thanh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ebb gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o ng\u1ed9p th\u01a1 u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 s\u1ee5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh trong th\u01a1, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u00edn n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00fang ra, c\u00e2u \u201cCh\u00edn n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111u\u1ed1c soi r\u1eebng\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh<sup>6<\/sup> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thi ca kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eeba \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m gai n\u1ebfm m\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba c\u1ea7m s\u00fang v\u1eeba nh\u1edb th\u1eddi gian c\u0169 v\u00e0 d\u00f5i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian m\u1edbi. Chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c. Ch\u1eebng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y \u0111em s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ebfn thi ca ch\u00edn n\u0103m n\u00e0y. Th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i thay h\u1eb3n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n m\u1edd m\u1ecbt c\u0169. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1, h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i khung c\u1ea3nh l\u0103n l\u1ed9n r\u00ean xi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201cNh\u1eefng x\u00e1c gi\u00e0 nua ng\u1eadp c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d Quang D\u0169ng<sup>7<\/sup> \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf \u201cH\u00e3y x\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n anh h\u01a1n, em h\u1ee1i!\u201d Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u. Th\u01a1 th\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1eeda, l\u1eeda chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng Quang D\u0169ng v\u1eeba c\u1ea7m s\u00fang trong r\u1eebng t\u00ecm qu\u00e2n th\u00f9, v\u1eeba ng\u00e2m nga \u201c\u0110\u00eam m\u01a1 H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i d\u00e1ng ki\u1ec1u th\u01a1m\u201d l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t th\u00fa, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u00e0o tr\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. V\u00e0 th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 thay d\u1ea1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i. H\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh th\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau \u0111i l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng<sup>8<\/sup>, lang thang r\u00ean r\u1ec9, chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 sao m\u00e0 xa c\u00e1ch \u1ee7y m\u1ecb qu\u00e1. Chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a 1945-54, l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu Loan: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 th\u1eadt tr\u1ebb ch\u1ebft v\u00ec bom \u0111\u1ea1n, ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0ng \u0111ang kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn nghe tin ng\u1ea9n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd. Ch\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 g\u1ee5c b\u00ean m\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 y\u00eau<sup>9<\/sup>. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. L\u00e0 r\u1eebng r\u00fa, n\u00fai s\u00f4ng. L\u00e0 \u1ea3o m\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. L\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean m\u1ed9 b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft, nghi\u1ebfn r\u0103ng th\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9<sup>10<\/sup>. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft thi s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u theo kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng troi\u1eeb quen thu\u1ed9c an nh\u00e2n (d\u00f9 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3) sang n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5, b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, m\u00e0 tr\u00e0n tr\u1ec1 kh\u0129 v\u1ecb h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng. Th\u01a1 h\u1ecd, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf trong thi ca kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Th\u01a1 th\u1eddi n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n b\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh nhau, ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n, lang thang. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng v\u1eeba s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u1eeba b\u0103ng su\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t r\u1eebng t\u00ecm c\u1eebu \u0111\u1ecbch. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u01a1 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh th\u01a1 th\u1eddi n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n sau. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thi ca \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve: s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 h\u00f4m nay 1954-75 so v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn.<sup>11<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1edb h\u1ed3i 1941, trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cThi Nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0i Thanh \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f9ng d\u0169ng vi\u1ebft \u201cT\u00f4i quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong thi ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i phong ph\u00fa nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y\u201d (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thi ca ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn). C\u00e2u vi\u1ebft, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m can \u0111\u1ea3m gh\u00ea l\u1eafm, d\u1ea7u sao c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn 1954. Sau \u0111\u00f3, mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea7y huy ho\u00e0ng tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 sa s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u1ebb kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thi ca h\u00f4m nay. N\u00f3i cho c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, th\u01a1 h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa, s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n chung ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian su\u1ed1t hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 x\u00f4 b\u1ed3 ray r\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1edf \u1ea5y. Chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng thi nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c cha anh h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn. Ch\u00edn n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh qua, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb gi\u00e3 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t-B\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7p sau l\u01b0ng, v\u00e0o Nam, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chia ly. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n, tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n l\u0169y v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n thi s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1954. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua. V\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, than \u00f4i, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb t\u0103m t\u1ed1i. <\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi thi ca mi\u1ec1n Nam. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n b\u1eb1ng chia ly, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 hoang mang trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u1ed9i-ngo\u1ea1i-v\u1eadt m\u1edbi. V\u00ec v\u1eady th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c: x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, chi\u1ebfn tranh, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Thi ca th\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabm ra ngo\u00e0i khung c\u1ea3nh c\u0169 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ed1n \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh: khung c\u1ea3nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e0i c\u00e1c, m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eeb 1954 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c, s\u1eafc th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u01a1 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh xa qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb b\u01a1 v\u01a1. Nguy\u00ean Sa c\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1: <\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00f3t bu\u1ed3n trong m\u1eaft<\/em>     <br \/><em>D\u0103m b\u1ea3y n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 x\u00f3a \u01b0u t\u01b0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n g\u00ec n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ed3i sau chia \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 n\u00e0y? \u01afu t\u01b0, b\u01a1 v\u01a1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed7i b\u00e0i th\u01a1, d\u00f9 vui d\u00f9 bu\u1ed3n, d\u00f9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i l\u00ean n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. Thi s\u0129 t\u1eeb 1954 v\u1ec1 sau kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u1ee9 cao k\u1ef3 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n b\u00ecnh y\u00ean nh\u01b0 cha anh h\u1ecd (d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh y\u00ean tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc). L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u1eefng tr\u0103ng sao hoa tuy\u1ebft di\u1ec5m l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, h\u01b0 v\u00f4. H\u01b0 v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i thanh b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kia m\u1ed7i khi va ch\u1ea1m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. H\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu b\u1eb1ng mu\u00f4n v\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch m\u00e9o m\u00f3, k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb. Qu\u00e1ch Tho\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft hai c\u00e2u tuy\u1ec7t hay:<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><em>Ng\u00e0y mong manh        <br \/>Anh s\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 ph\u00fat linh h\u1ed3n anh tan v\u1ee1<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng mong manh gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thanh b\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong tr\u1eafng. Thi s\u0129 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng trang s\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea5n l\u1ee5a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Th\u01a1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, nh\u01b0 c\u01a1m \u0103n \u00e1o m\u1eb7c. Thi s\u0129 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng th\u01a1, b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u01b0u u\u1ea5t v\u00f4 bi\u00ean trong tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ra ngo\u00e0i, c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 n\u1ed1t. Th\u01a1 v\u00ec th\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafng cay nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m l\u0103n l\u1ed9n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 1954 \u0111\u1ebfn 1960 v\u1edbi hai t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng \u00fd m\u1edbi v\u00e0o v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng: S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Sinh L\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi s\u0129 ti\u1ec1n phong: Qu\u00e1ch Tho\u1ea1i, Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Nguy\u00ean Sa, Cung Tr\u1ea7m T\u01b0\u1edfng, Th\u1ebf Vi\u00ean. T\u1eeb sau 1960, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng sinh kh\u00ed thi ca v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng: chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u01a1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u t\u00edch hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh sau chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 tr\u00fac, nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7 v\u1ee1 tan n\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i sang ngang, \u0111\u00eam bu\u1ed3n canh v\u1eafng t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh, tr\u0103ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u hai k\u1ebb y\u00eau nhau. \u0110\u00e3 h\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e3 tr\u00f4i \u0111i t\u0103m t\u00edch h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ee5a d\u1eb7m tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Thi ca t\u1eeb 1960 l\u00e0 thi ca c\u1ee7a bom \u0111\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, m\u00e1u l\u1eeda, th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng phi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n thanh b\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng khao kh\u00e1t n\u1ee5 h\u00f4n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng khao kh\u00e1t hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. Chia r\u1ebd. Xa c\u00e1ch. Ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 t\u1ee9 m\u1edbi trong th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eeba qua. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Huy L\u1ef1c vi\u1ebft: \u201cM\u00f9a xu\u00e2n run tr\u00ean vai Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 n\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eafng cay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c Th\u1ebf Vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft:<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><em>Cho anh l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n        <br \/>\u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng anh \u0111\u01b0a em \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd<\/em><em><sup>12<\/sup><\/em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, th\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 b\u00f3ng r\u00e1t v\u1ebb ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c m\u00f9 l\u00f2a, th\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tham d\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean bao nhi\u00eau khao kh\u00e1t bi \u0111\u00e1t t\u00e0n t\u1eadt. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i: kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n ra nh\u00e0 th\u1edd bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng. Thi s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9 s\u00e2u<sup>13<\/sup>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd trong s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y g\u00ec h\u01a1n? Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n vi\u1ebft:<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><em>Trong th\u01a1 h\u00f4m nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i ngh\u1eb9n ng\u00e0o, nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u, nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh l\u1ebdo, nh\u1eefng n\u1ea5m m\u1ed3 hoang vu, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng chim mu\u00f4ng&#8230;<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><em>\u2026 Trong th\u01a1 h\u00f4m nay ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ec9a h\u00e8, c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n, g\u1ea1ch ng\u00f3i, kh\u1ed1i s\u1eaft, kh\u1ed1i th\u00e9p, da th\u1ecbt, tay ch\u00e2n, m\u1eb7t m\u0169i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ra th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c\u2026<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p> (N\u1ed7i Bu\u1ed3n Trong Th\u01a1 H\u00f4m Nay)<em><em><\/em><\/em>  <\/p>\n<p><em><em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u00fd t\u1ee9 trong th\u01a1 Huy L\u1ef1c, Mai Trung T\u0129nh, Tu\u1ec7 Mai, Vi\u00ean Linh, Du T\u1eed L\u00ea, Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea1 T\u1eeb, Kim Tu\u1ea5n\u2026H\u1ecd l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7y u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1967, trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u1eb7ng John Steinbeck, v\u0103n s\u0129 \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea9n th\u1ee9c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 ng\u00f5 h\u1ebbm, m\u00e1u me trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n x\u1ea3o tr\u00e1 ban \u0111\u00eam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt v\u00e3 g\u00e0o th\u00e9t trong thi ca. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a thi ca \u0111i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eefa, \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t: tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i. B\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean Th\u01b0, B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng, Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u1ea5n Ki\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Th\u01a1 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd trong th\u01a1, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u1eeba s\u00e2u k\u00edn. Kh\u00ed v\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c xa lo\u1ea1i \u201cth\u01a1 tri\u1ebft\u201d ng\u00e2y ng\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Minh Tuy\u1ec1n ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn hay \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ebb b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n M\u1eb7c T\u1eed. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i trung \u00fd m\u00ecnh. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 v\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec? C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u1ea5n Ki\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng:<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><em>M\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1u phu v\u00e0o n\u00fai \u1ea9n        <br \/>Ti\u1ec1u phu \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eafng n\u00fai b\u01a1 v\u01a1<\/em><sup><em>14<\/em><\/sup> <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Phong v\u1ecb ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u1ed3i v\u1edbi V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<sup>15<\/sup> L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 sau n\u00e0y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i h\u01a1n. Khi B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng vi\u1ebft:<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><em>M\u1eb9 v\u1ec1 ng\u00f5 v\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1eddn hoang        <br \/>Th\u1eeba thi\u00ean s\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh k\u00e9o sang s\u00f4ng r\u1eebng<\/em>.<sup>16<\/sup> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 hoang mang t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i gh\u00ea g\u1edbm l\u1eafm. L\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Thi ca ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, th\u00eam th\u1eaft. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 thi ca c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t m\u1edbi hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 n\u1eefa, thi ca t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i? Ch\u00fang ta di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u00ean ngang y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. R\u1ed3i mi\u1ec1n Nam, ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau v\u1eabn ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng sao ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch. T\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau qu\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh th\u00f9, ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u00ecm chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd trong th\u01a1. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u0103ng hoa nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i thi ca s\u1ebd n\u00f3i g\u00ec cho ta bi\u1ebft n\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u01a1?<\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>T\u00c2M T\u00ccNH THI CA VI\u1ec6T NAM &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn qua v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t cho m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thi ca trong b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m qua. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hai ch\u1eef \u201cnguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n\u201d qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh g\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1. Trong th\u01a1, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Th\u01a1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n th\u01a1 trong su\u1ed1t b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m qua c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea5m d\u1ea7n trong x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0169. T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn, T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft bao so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e0i \u201cT\u1ed1ng Bi\u1ec7t\u201d b\u00e0i \u201cD\u00ec Gi\u00f3\u201d<sup>[17]<\/sup> c\u1ee7a T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u xa l\u1ea1 g\u00ec t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u01a1 \u0111a s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean sau n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, thay cho nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5-ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a thi ca. V\u1eeba m\u1edf s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 v\u1eeba kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, v\u1eeba m\u1eddi ch\u00e0o m\u00e0 v\u1eeba t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trung-\u00fd thi ca b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh th\u01a1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i 1930-75 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n ph\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n? B\u1ed1n ch\u1eef nghe th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft m\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m sao. Ch\u00fang ta vui s\u01b0\u1edbng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ea3m quan h\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a l\u00ean gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c. M\u00e0 d\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 sao! Th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u00e0m h\u1ed3 \u1ea9n sau b\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh phong s\u1ed1-\u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi vu v\u01a1 nh\u01b0 B\u00e0 Huy\u1ec7n Thanh Quan ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa. Th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u00e1o ng\u1eef n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3i t\u00e1 r\u1ed3i chung quy khoe c\u00e1i ta t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u kh\u1ea9u kh\u00ed L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4n. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a thi s\u0129 d\u00f9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00ecnh phong m\u00faa b\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o v\u1eeba h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf L\u1eef th\u00ec hay bi\u1ebft bao: \u201c<em>T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh si. Ham v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh mu\u00f4n th\u1ec3<\/em>\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ef1c th\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n. Thi s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta: T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2y, xin b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi thi s\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e0u s\u1eafc h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb trong \u1ea5y. M\u00e0 to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2u xa x\u00f4i g\u00ec? L\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ta \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00f4i! L\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00f4i! N\u00f3 b\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00f9i d\u1eadp, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecbp b\u1ee3m. H\u00f4m nay ta nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m sung s\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f2n g\u00ec l\u1edbn h\u01a1n?<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fac n\u00e0o thi s\u0129 c\u0169ng th\u1ed1 l\u1ed9 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 cho ch\u00fang ta. B\u00e0i \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0 \u2026 Chi\u1ec1u\u201d c\u1ee7a Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 kh\u00fac ca t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0103n nh\u1eadp g\u00ec ta c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc, ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e9n th\u00f4i. V\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c, ta v\u1eeba gh\u00ea thay t\u00ednh li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1. Ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4i \u2013 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n con s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t-tr\u0103m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? \u2013 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1i thai k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0m ti\u1ebfu c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n th\u01a1 H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ebf ra, s\u1ef1 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf thi ca th\u1eddi v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong \u201cL\u00e0m Th\u01a1 Kh\u00f4ng Bi\u1ebft M\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea1 T\u1eeb l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ai v\u1eady? C\u1ee7a thi s\u0129? \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea5y. Ch\u00fang ta, n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c g\u00ec thi s\u0129, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n bao nhi\u00eau m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean c\u1ed5. Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2t m\u00e9o m\u00f3 d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0n thi s\u0129<sup>[18]<\/sup>, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y \u0111ang ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n di\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e2y. N\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i n\u00e0o cay nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n? H\u00f3a ra thi s\u0129 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf, hay \u00edt ra, h\u00f4m nay, c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadn \u0111\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5y \u01b0?<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ebb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eeba qua ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thi ca ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n (ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng). Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i trong v\u1ea1n m\u1ed1i suy t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00e0ng nh\u1ea3 t\u01a1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i thi s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ri\u00eang. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o d\u1eabm ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o. M\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi cho cam. B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m, v\u00e0 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thi s\u0129 l\u1edbn. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin, m\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c th\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. R\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o l\u1ea5y c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u1ed9i-t\u00e2m-v\u00e0-th\u01a1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ed7i c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, d\u00f9 c\u00f3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ebb ri\u00eang t\u01b0. Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, chia r\u1ebd c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i. Trong thi ca, vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e1n \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1<sup>[19]<\/sup> kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u01a1-ng\u00e1n-\u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u1ea5n Ki\u1ec7t sau n\u00e0y<sup>[20]<\/sup>. H\u1ed3 Dz\u1ebfnh mong nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau kh\u00e1c t\u01b0 th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean Sa. Ho\u00e0ng L\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f3c b\u1ea1n ch\u1ebft v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng \u201cChi\u1ec1u Nay T\u00f4i \u0110i\u201d Mai Trung T\u0129nh. M\u1ecdi t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. Kh\u00f3c b\u1ea1n, Ho\u00e0ng L\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111au l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, Mai Trung T\u0129nh kh\u00f3c b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u1ea9n ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 qua, c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhau g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t cho thi ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0m l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd th\u1eadt hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecb. L\u00e0m th\u01a1 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00f2i b\u00fa, thanh ni\u00ean c\u1ea7n y\u00eau. C\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Dz\u1ebfnh \u201cT\u00f4i nguy\u1ec1n sau l\u1edbn l\u00e0m th\u01a1 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi\u201d n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9ng \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebft bao. Gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m th\u01a1 kia, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i: \u201ct\u00f4i nguy\u1ec7n sau l\u1edbn l\u00e0m \u2026 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi\u201d. Thi ca, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn. Trong x\u1ea5p s\u1ec9 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i thi s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi v\u1eeba qua, ch\u1ec9 V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng m\u1edbi ng\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngai v\u00e0ng thi ca v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ki\u00eau c\u0103ng c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t th\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 d\u00f9 v\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh h\u01a1n. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 h\u1ecd. D\u00f9 Huy L\u1ef1c, Kim Tu\u1ea5n, Vi\u00ean Linh c\u00f3 g\u00e0o th\u00e9t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong th\u01a1, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 <em>nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em>. D\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 sau h\u1ebft, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a thi s\u0129; kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u201cL\u1ea1c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d t\u1ecf v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n s\u0129 phu \u01b0u qu\u1ed1c. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u01a1 1930-75 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy th\u1ebf, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. M\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng nhau kh\u00e1c nhau ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t \u201cc\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d \u1ea5y. Thi s\u0129 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (t\u00ecnh y\u00eau?) th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n. G\u1ea7n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mode th\u1eddi trang, n\u00f3i n\u00f4m na, c\u1ee7a thi ca th\u1eddi n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 th\u00edch th\u00fa m\u00e0 v\u1eeba b\u1ea5t nh\u1eabn. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m th\u01a1, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0 d\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i giam m\u00ecnh \u1edf th\u00f4n qu\u00ea l\u1ea1y l\u1ee5c c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o \u00e1c b\u00e1 ki\u1ebfm c\u01a1m. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng trung l\u01b0u (ho\u1eb7c tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai). Ho\u00e0i Thanh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u1ede c\u00e1i x\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u0103n th\u01a1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng thanh ni\u00ean nam n\u1eef\u201d<sup> [21]<\/sup>. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u201ckh\u00f4ng-v\u00f4-s\u1ef1\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u201cnhi\u1ec5u-s\u1ef1\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng thanh ni\u00ean nam n\u1eef Ho\u00e0i Thanh nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hay nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u th\u00f4n qu\u00ea. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh h\u01a1n t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh th\u01a1 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn. Thanh ni\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y (\u0111a s\u1ed1 thi s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng T\u00fa T\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf l\u00ean), s\u1ed1ng an nh\u00e0n khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. V\u1eady th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng (m\u00e0 l\u1ea1, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau!) th\u00ec bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m g\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1eafm, c\u1ea3 thi s\u0129 l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec1u du d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u1ec9 non than kh\u00f3c n\u1ee9c n\u1edf t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Trong th\u01a1 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn, \u00e1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u0103m v\u1ebb ngh\u00ecn s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng nhau (d\u00f9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i) m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m: y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m. T\u1eeb Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u201cHai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng b\u1edbt b\u01a1 v\u01a1\u201d<sup> [22]<\/sup> di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i xa l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f4i t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n (s\u1ef1 xa l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t); cho \u0111\u1ebfn J. Leiba v\u1edbi \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 cho nhau m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh\u201d<sup> [23]<\/sup>, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng (qu\u00e1i! ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea7u r\u0129 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1eeb Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p. V\u1eady d\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi \u00e0?). T\u00ecnh y\u00eau x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fat h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh (Huy C\u1eadn). Xem ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft r\u1ed3i bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u nh\u1edb trai, l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh (T.T.Kh.). \u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i y\u00eau qu\u01a1 qu\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh (Th\u00e2m T\u00e2m). V\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i y\u00eau b\u1ea1n trai m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh (b\u00e0i \u201cT\u00ecnh Trai\u201d c\u1ee7a Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u). T\u00ecnh y\u00eau tr\u00f9m k\u00edn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thi ca ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn. M\u1edbi bi\u1ebft y\u00eau, \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau l\u00e2u, ch\u01b0a y\u00eau, y\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u, ghen, h\u1eddn, gi\u1eadn, nh\u1edb, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y nhau, s\u1eafp l\u1ea5y nhau, g\u1ea7n nhau, xa nhau \u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. M\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ed9p th\u1edf u u\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e1p ng\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh bu\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 Mai Th\u1ea3o t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y sinh kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong th\u01a1 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh che d\u1ea5u l\u1edd l\u1eefng Th\u1ebf L\u1eef, \u0110o\u00e0n Ph\u00fa T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u, Th\u00e1i Can r\u1ed3i t\u00ecnh b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m (?) cao si\u00eau H\u00e0n M\u1eb7c T\u1eed, B\u00edch Kh\u00ea, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng sau l\u00e0 m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 thi ca ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn: anh, em, y\u00eau, t\u00ecnh, n\u00e0ng, ch\u00e0ng. S\u00e1u ch\u1eef n\u00e0y tha h\u1ed3 cai tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh thi ca ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3; h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng trong th\u01a1 1930-45. Th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat c\u1ea3nh qu\u00ea \u0110o\u00e0n v\u0103n C\u1eeb, \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i H\u1ed3 Dz\u1ebfnh, L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0, \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat ng\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec5 V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng; c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, th\u01a1 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn, to\u00e0n th\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh to l\u1edbn v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m kinh kh\u1ee7ng. N\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 sai l\u1ea7m, th\u01a1 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c bao nhi\u00eau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m. Th\u1eed xem th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? To\u00e0n th\u1ecb m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e0i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 r\u1edfm. To\u00e0n th\u1ecb quan li\u00eau vua t\u00f4i. Ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat chi kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Ki\u1ec1u, Chinh Ph\u1ee5; m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ec7n minh cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Th\u01a1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1930 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u00e0o ai than tr\u00e1ch g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 th\u01a1 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u00fd, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thi ca, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c th\u1ee9 hai, d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c ch\u00edn n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn. Th\u01a1 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi: cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c v\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh nhau, vi\u1ebfng m\u1ed9 b\u1ea1n, nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau khi \u0111ang chinh chi\u1ebfn. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi thi s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129, tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201c<em>M\u1eaft tr\u1eebng g\u1eedi m\u1ed9ng qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/em>\u201d<sup> [24]<\/sup> k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ed7i h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng thi ca tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. N\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n d\u1eb1ng d\u1eb7c m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf chi\u1ec1u, m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Thi s\u0129 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng v\u01a1 v\u1ea9n u s\u1ea7u v\u00f4 duy\u00ean c\u1edb ki\u1ec3u Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u trong \u201cChi\u1ec1u\u201d: <em>H\u00f4m nay tr\u1eddi nh\u1eb9 l\u00ean cao, T\u00f4i bu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao t\u00f4i bu\u1ed3n<\/em>. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u1eefa, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, nh\u1edd ch\u00edn n\u0103m \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea1t r\u00e0o. M\u00e0 n\u00e0o t\u00ecnh y\u00eau xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u! T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 Quang D\u0169ng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi l\u1eddi t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft tha ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n<p><em>Tho\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n em v\u1ec1 trong \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ed1c      <br \/>N\u00f3i c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam m\u01a1<\/em><em> <\/em><sup>[25]<\/sup><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n g\u00ec bu\u1ed3n h\u01a1n tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i \u00f4m s\u00fang ng\u1ed3i g\u00f3c n\u00fai. C\u00f2n g\u00ec x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y ly. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa tr\u00ean nh\u1ea1c s\u00fang nh\u1ea1c t\u1ea5u trong l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00e0ng quan san th\u01a1 bay.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, th\u01a1 th\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac n\u1ed1i. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edf hoa. Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i h\u1ebft l\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i th\u1ee9 ba, mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eeb 1954, ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a thi ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh ra, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t n\u0103m mi\u1ec1n Nam sau n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vui bu\u1ed3n, t\u00ecnh \u00e1i, tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u2026 Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi, t\u1ee9 m\u1edbi m\u1edf ra cho h\u1ecd thi h\u1ee9ng. Thi ca d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t cung c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta vui ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed3n vi\u1ebft ra gi\u1ea5y d\u0103m b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e1o hay xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch\u2026 xem ch\u01a1i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m h\u1ed9i h\u00e8 thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n, bu\u1ed5i h\u00f2 h\u1eb9n, tr\u1eadn m\u00e2y m\u01b0a. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng-v\u1eadt trong v\u00e0i m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u00fat. C\u00e1i th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ecdng th\u01a1, qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, coi th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i; th\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i. Th\u01a1 h\u00f4m nay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u00f3i h\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 , n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 b\u01a1 v\u01a1 l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb sau 1954. T\u00e2m t\u00ecnh h\u00f9ng v\u0129 l\u1edbn lao n\u00e0y, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng t\u1eebng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a thi ca. Nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tin v\u00e0o t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u1eadc v\u0129 nh\u00e2n tin v\u00e0o t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, thi s\u0129 mi\u1ec1n Nam, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tin v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh thi ca nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 \u1ea5y, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n, th\u0103ng hoa b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh \u00fd v\u1ecb c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec1u thay b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1t m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1t trong tr\u1ebbo m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa r\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ee7y m\u1ecb ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00c1i t\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t u u\u1ea9n phi l\u00fd trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. H\u1ebft th\u1ef1c r\u1ed3i. Th\u01a1 h\u00f4m nay, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n (d\u00f9 x\u00f3t xa h\u01a1n). T\u1eeb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u01b0\u01a1i vui trong \u0110inh H\u00f9ng<sup>[26]<\/sup>, th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i trong Nguy\u00ean Sa<sup>[27]<\/sup>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd v\u1ecb n\u00e1o n\u1ee9c van l\u01a1n trong Th\u1ebf Vi\u00ean<sup>[28]<\/sup>, bu\u1ed3n b\u1ef1c ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 trong Du T\u1eed L\u00ea, m\u1ecdi s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. N\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1i vui \u0110inh H\u00f9ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng khao kh\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean Sa n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 quay v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7m k\u00edn v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tru\u00e2n chuy\u00ean. C\u00f2n m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Du T\u1eed L\u00ea v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Uy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng th\u00ea l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i \u2013 b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i. Chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00f2a l\u1eabn t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh keo s\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n va ch\u1ea1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n chua x\u00f3t. Trong b\u00e0i <em>Bu\u1ed5i Chi\u1ec1u \u1edf Pleiku<\/em> c\u1ee7a Kim Tu\u1ea5n<\/p>\n<p><em>Bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u \u1edf Pleiku \u2026      <br \/>Ti\u1ebfng phi c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang       <br \/>Anh c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i y\u00eau em       <br \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0m tan ra \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 m\u1edbi. Mai Trung T\u0129nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1t nh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft x\u00f3t xa gh\u00ea t\u1edfm. M\u00e0 Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i xem \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 n\u1ed1t gh\u1ebb t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 n\u1ed1t gh\u1ebb b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u01a1. Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u1ea5n Ki\u1ec7t xem \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u2013 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi? \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m l\u1ea7y r\u1ed1i ra r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh theo phong c\u00e1ch L\u00e3o-t\u1eed xem th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. Th\u00ec B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, l\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ra bao nhi\u00eau \u1ea9n \u1ee9c s\u00e2u k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ra ngo\u00e0i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i, \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi. Ai ng\u1edd chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00e1c n\u0103ng hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: t\u00e1c n\u0103ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 quay v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m uy\u00ean nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n tra h\u1ecfi. B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a thi ca, t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh lan r\u1ed9ng. L\u1ec7 s\u01b0\u01a1ng trong tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 m\u00e1u x\u01b0\u01a1ng tanh t\u01b0\u1edfi; nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n n\u00fai bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh cung xanh bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, h\u1ebft h\u1ebft, bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ee5i, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 v\u1eafng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c, s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n l\u1ebb loi.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy th\u1ebf s\u00e1c th\u00e1i d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng th\u00e2n m\u1eadt ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u00e0o r\u1ea1t s\u1ed1ng. Trong m\u1ed7i n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c b\u01b0ng m\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfn su, l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i n\u1ee5 hoa t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y Tu\u1ec7 Mai l\u00e0m th\u01a1 th\u1eadt d\u1ecbu m\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, Ho\u00e0ng Anh Tu\u1ea5n m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eafn, Vi\u00ean Linh ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng t\u00e0ng \u1ea9n nh\u1ee5y non y\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi<sup>[29]<\/sup>, Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea Nguy\u1ec5n x\u00f3t xa r\u1ed3i v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f2i g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Mi\u1ec1n Nam, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi, mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ea7m s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi v\u00e0i m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 tr\u0103m n\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y, m\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 tr\u0103ng sao hoa g\u1ea5m \u00fd t\u00ecnh trong h\u1ed3n qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, b\u1eb1ng thi ca.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m qua, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u nay vai n\u1eb7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb sinh sau \u0111ang ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i m\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 qua v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u00ecnh thu\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 toang hoang. N\u0103m m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n ch\u00edn tr\u0103m b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u tr\u00f4i, l\u00f2ng ng\u1eadm ng\u00f9i. <em>Tro t\u00e0n, v\u00e0 h\u01a1i \u1ea5m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n \u00e2m \u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, 1975      <br \/><\/em><em>V\u00f5-ph\u01b0\u1edbc Long<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><sup><strong>Ghi Ch\u00fa:<\/strong><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>1 Con s\u1ed1 1930 ch\u1ecdn ra v\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi ca, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay<\/p>\n<p>2 Th\u01a1 V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed9t (Trung hoa)<\/p>\n<p>3 Th\u01a1 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u: Con c\u00f2 tr\u00ean ru\u1ed9ng c\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/p>\n<p>4 Trong \u201cS\u01a1 K\u00ednh T\u00e2n Trang\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Th\u00e1i<\/p>\n<p>5 Ki\u1ec1u, Nguy\u1ec5n Du t\u1ea3 nhan s\u1eafc Ki\u1ec1u<\/p>\n<p>6 B\u00e0i \u201cT\u1ec9nh Gi\u1ea5c Chi\u00eam Bao\u201d<\/p>\n<p>7 B\u00e0i \u201c\u0110\u00f4i M\u1eaft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u01a1n T\u00e2y\u201d<\/p>\n<p>8 B\u00e0i \u201cGi\u1ea5c M\u01a1 Anh L\u00e1i \u0110\u00f2\u201d<\/p>\n<p>9 B\u00e0i \u201c\u0110\u1ed3i T\u00edm Hoa Sim\u201d, nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Ph\u1ea1m Duy ph\u1ed5 nh\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh \u201c\u00c1o Anh S\u1ee9t Ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e0\u201d<\/p>\n<p>10 M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong b\u00e0i \u201cVi\u1ebfng B\u1ea1n\u201d c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng L\u1ed9c:<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f4m qua c\u00f2n theo anh   <br \/>\u0110i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9    <br \/>H\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eb7t c\u00e0nh    <br \/>\u0110\u1eafp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9a n\u00e0o b\u1eafn anh \u0111\u00f3?   <br \/>S\u00fang n\u00e0o nh\u1eafm tr\u00fang anh    <br \/>Kh\u00f4n thi\u00eang xin ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t    <br \/>G\u1ecdi t\u00ean n\u00f3 ra, anh.<\/p>\n<p>11 Ch\u1eef \u201ch\u00f4m nay\u201d t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng, th\u1eadt ra r\u1ea5t g\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u0103m nay l\u00e0 1975, th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn\u201d c\u00e0ng sai h\u01a1n, ch\u1eef \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cgiai \u0111o\u1ea1n 54-75\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>12 B\u00e0i \u201cCho Anh L\u00e0m T\u00ecnh Nh\u00e2n\u201d<\/p>\n<p>13 B\u00e0i \u201cChi\u1ec1u Nay T\u00f4i \u0110i\u201d<\/p>\n<p>14 B\u00e0i \u201cXu\u00e2n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh\u201d<\/p>\n<p>15 So s\u00e1nh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec5 v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong \u201c\u0110\u1eddi T\u00e0n G\u00e1c H\u1eb9p\u201d v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u1ea5n Ki\u1ec7t trong \u201cT\u1ef1 T\u1ea3\u201d v\u00e0 B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng, \u201cCu\u1ed9c Ch\u01a1i\u201d<\/p>\n<p>16 \u201cM\u1eb9 Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh\u201d trong \u201cM\u00f9a Thu Trong Thi Ca\u201d<\/p>\n<p><sup>[17]<\/sup>Hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i h\u00e1t n\u00f3i \u201cD\u00ec Gi\u00f3\u201d: \u201c<em>Gi\u00f3 h\u1ee1i gi\u00f3 phong tr\u1ea7n ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1n, C\u00e1nh chim b\u1eb1ng ch\u00edn v\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng ch\u1edd mong<\/em>\u201d c\u00f3 kh\u00ed v\u1ecb h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2n k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<p><sup>[18]<\/sup>T\u1eeb th\u01a1 Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea1 T\u1eeb<\/p>\n<p><sup>[19]<\/sup> \u201cB\u00e0i Ca Th\u1eddi Lo\u1ea1n\u201d, V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n<p><sup>[20]<\/sup> \u201cT\u00e2m Thanh Dao\u201d, Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u1ea5n Ki\u1ec7t<\/p>\n<p><sup>[21]<\/sup> Kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u201cM\u1ed9t Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Trong Thi Ca\u201d, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1n \u201cThi Nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1968<\/p>\n<p><sup>[22]<\/sup> B\u00e0i \u201cTr\u0103ng\u201d (Th\u01a1 Th\u01a1)<\/p>\n<p><sup>[23]<\/sup> B\u00e0i \u201cN\u0103m Qua\u201d<\/p>\n<p><sup>[24]<\/sup> \u201cT\u00e2y Ti\u1ebfn\u201d, Quang D\u0169ng<\/p>\n<p><sup>[25]<\/sup> \u201c\u0110\u00f4i B\u1edd\u201d, Quang D\u0169ng<\/p>\n<p><sup>[26]<\/sup> \u201cXu\u00e2n \u1ea4m H\u01b0\u01a1ng R\u1eebng\u201d<\/p>\n<p><sup>[27]<\/sup> \u201c\u00c1o L\u1ee5a H\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d<\/p>\n<p><sup>[28]<\/sup> \u201cCho Anh L\u00e0m T\u00ecnh Nh\u00e2n\u201d<\/p>\n<p><sup>[29]<\/sup> \u201cTh\u01a1 C\u1ed5\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd thi ca l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft \u01b0u \u00e1i n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u2013 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf &#8211; bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi thi ca.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":702,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,30,9,25,190],"tags":[423],"class_list":["post-6720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-chuyen-de","category-nghien-cuu","category-nhan-dinh","category-van-hoc-mien-nam-viet-nam-1954-1975","tag-van-hoc-mien-nam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6720","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/702"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6720"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6720\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58045,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6720\/revisions\/58045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6720"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6720"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6720"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}