![\"DaiCao-17Stagesjpg\"](\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/DaiCao-17Stagesjpg_thumb.jpg\" "\\"DaiCao-17Stagesjpg\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nL\u1eadp b\u1edfi Reg Harris ()<\/p>\n
1. Call to Adventure: Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi phi\u00eau l\u01b0u 2. Refusal of the Call: T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi 3. Supernatural Aid: Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean 4. Crossing the first Threshold: V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t 5. Belly of the Whale: B\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 voi 6. Road of Trials: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch 7. Meeting with the Goddess: G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n 8. Woman as Temptress: Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m 9. Atonement with Father: Chu\u1ed9c l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha 10. Apotheosis: S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh 11. The Ultimate Boon: L\u1ee3i \u00edch sau c\u00f9ng 12. Refusal of the Return: T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 13. Magic Flight: Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0o tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u 14. Rescue from Without: Gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i 15. Crossing the Return Threshold: V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 16. Master of Two Worlds: L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 17. Freedom to Live: S\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do<\/p>\n
Xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong C\u00e1o b\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 n\u00ean ch\u01b0a b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 5 – B\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 voi:<\/u><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 Jonah l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u1eabn tr\u00e1nh l\u1ec7nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng s\u1ef1 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i cho d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Niveneh,(284)<\/sup> Jonah b\u1eaft thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i Tarsish theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o c\u01a1n b\u00e3o \u0111e d\u1ecda chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i n\u00e9m v\u1ecb ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tai h\u1ecda. Jonah tr\u00f4i v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Ba ng\u00e0y trong b\u1ee5ng c\u00e1, \u00f4ng s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7u Ch\u00faa ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i Ng\u00e0i. Sau c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fa c\u00e1 n\u00f4n Jonah ra m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. Jonah tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi b\u1ecb c\u00e1 nu\u1ed1t l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\nL\u00ea L\u1ee3i sau khi gi\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1edd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chi\u00eau t\u1eadp manh l\u1ec7 n\u1eb1m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng mong gi\u1edbi trung-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi,(285)<\/sup> \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng khi chuy\u1ec3n sang huy \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i khi ch\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00d4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u00eau l\u01b0u xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. Campbell cho r\u1eb1ng trong b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng thay v\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi th\u00eam l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 7 – G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u1eef th\u1ea7n:<\/u><\/p>\n
N\u1eef th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ph\u1ea7n \u00e2m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a anh h\u00f9ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. N\u1eef th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n mang b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
L\u00ea L\u1ee3i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u lao \u0111ao v\u00ec m\u00e3i suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 thao l\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u01b0ng vong; t\u1ee9c thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 tranh \u0111o\u1ea1t, cai tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. \u00d4ng u\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng khi l\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1edbi nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecd v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed3i c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o sinh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec l\u00f4i k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh tr\u1eddi hay h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n n\u1eef t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n h\u01a1n. Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 ngo\u00e0i \u00fd r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ea7u giao h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u0129 ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed chi binh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. \u6295\u91aa\u9957\u58eb\u7236\u5b50\u4e4b\u5175\u4e00\u5fc3.\u201d \u0110\u1ed5 r\u01b0\u1ee3u (xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng) th\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3i t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 cha con c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng.<\/i> N\u1ebfu kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady v\u00ec ngh\u0129a, t\u1ee9c l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, th\u00ec l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y h\u1ecd h\u1ed3i sinh v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ch\u00ed nh\u00e2n. C\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u00eam sinh s\u00f4i, nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 8 \u2013 Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m:<\/u><\/p>\n
Campbell d\u1eabn l\u1eddi Tu s\u0129 Hindu Shankaracharya nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cN\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m ch\u00fat g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c t\u1ef1a-th\u00e2y-ma n\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng thanh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu thua tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 (chu k\u1ef3) sinh, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed; tuy nhi\u00ean, khi cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 thanh khi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Ki\u00ean \u0110\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 do. H\u00e3y v\u1ea5t b\u1ecf th\u1eadt xa gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u1ed1n tr\u01a1 tr\u1ebdn, th\u00f4 b\u1ec9. \u0110\u1eebng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. C\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ecb n\u00f4n ra (nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n n\u00f4n m\u1eeda th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n) ch\u1ec9 k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn.\u201d(286)<\/sup><\/p>\nV\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e1m t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. V\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u1edf Tri\u1ec1u Kh\u1ea9u mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y n\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i thay v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0o n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng \u00fd hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00faa Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean m\u1ecdi ham mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebf.(287)<\/sup> Tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft thanh t\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 9 \u2013 Chu\u1ed9c l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha:<\/u><\/p>\n
H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a anh h\u00f9ng. Campbell vi\u1ebft: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng khi s\u1eafp g\u1eb7p cha l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1edfi m\u1edf t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u0103ng qua khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch kinh t\u1edfm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n danh t\u00ednh t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i tho\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, ch\u1ee3t hi\u1ec3u \u2013 v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i.<\/i>(288)<\/sup><\/p>\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i vua Minh; \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1eaft s\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u00e3i ranh\u201d nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3 t\u00f9 binh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u phong v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Trung Hoa. Qua bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Tuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. H\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 hai b\u00ean c\u00f9ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 12 \u2013 T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1:<\/u><\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng 11 ta n\u0103m B\u00ednh Ng\u1ecd (1426), L\u00ea L\u1ee3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n m\u00e0y t\u00ean H\u1ed3 \u00d4ng gi\u1ea3 x\u01b0ng mi\u00eau du\u1ec7 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Minh, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3n l\u1eadp H\u1ed3 \u00d4ng, t\u1ee9c Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o, l\u00e0m vua, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Thi\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 12 ta n\u0103m \u0110inh M\u00f9i (1427) qu\u00e2n Minh r\u00fat v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng quang ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu Thi\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. C\u00e1c quan d\u00e2ng s\u1edb xin s\u1edbm tr\u1eeb C\u1ea3o v\u00ec \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng g\u00ec. To\u00e0n Th\u01b0 ch\u00e9p: Vua c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee1, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u00e0ng h\u1eadu <\/i>(To\u00e0n Th\u01b0 II, 309).<\/i><\/p>\n
Theo Campbell, khi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u00f2ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh, bu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng ta ph\u1ea3i mang th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c.(289)<\/sup><\/p>\nV\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1eb9p gi\u1eb7c an d\u00e2n ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. Do v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i gi\u1ebft Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n m\u01b0u. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf C\u1ea3o sao cho \u00edt g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m ph\u00f9 Tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 13 – Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0o tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u:<\/u><\/p>\n
Theo Campbell, n\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m mang qu\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh cho \u00e1c th\u1ea7n hay qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111u\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, l\u1eabn tr\u00e1nh, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
Quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb L\u00ea L\u1ee3i gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh d\u0129 nhi\u00ean khi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, tr\u00ean danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vua Thi\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t an. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o, thay v\u00ec L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o tho\u00e1t. To\u00e0n Th\u01b0 ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng C\u1ea3o bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c n\u00ean ng\u1ea7m \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o ch\u00e2u Ng\u1ecdc Ma, quan qu\u00e2n \u0111u\u1ed5i theo b\u1eaft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh To\u00e0n Th\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh khi \u0111\u01b0a ra ba gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft: m\u1ed9t, C\u1ea3o ngh\u0129 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u00ean ng\u1ea7m \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n ra bi\u1ec3n; hai, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng b\u1ecdn V\u0103n Nhu\u1ec7 \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3i C\u1ed5 L\u1ed9ng; ba, Th\u00e1i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng h\u0103m d\u1ecda khi\u1ebfn C\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3i C\u1ed5 L\u1ed9ng. Ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o, n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia c\u0169. Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u0103ng Long t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi, nay h\u1ecd quay l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed9c. Ph\u1ea7n vua L\u00ea, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea9u n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi \u201cc\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u201d l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 14 \u2013 Gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/u><\/p>\n
To\u00e0n Th\u01b0 ch\u00e9p: \u201cNg\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 10, Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft\u201d (To\u00e0n Th\u01b0 II, 309). Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ee5 d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9 r\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng Quan ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1p n\u0103m \u0110inh M\u00f9i (1427), nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 23 ng\u00e0y sau C\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhanh. To\u00e0n Th\u01b0 ghi th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan qu\u00e2n b\u1eaft C\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan bu\u1ed9c u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i ai ra l\u1ec7nh t\u1eed h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Trong ba thuy\u1ebft ho\u00e0i nghi s\u1eed k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ra sau \u0111\u00f3, thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i C\u1ea3o ch\u1ebft ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n, hai thuy\u1ebft sau n\u00f3i vua L\u00ea cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111u\u1ed5i theo, gi\u1ebft C\u1ea3o r\u1ed3i v\u1ea5t x\u00e1c v\u00e0o b\u1ee5i gai.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin do b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u1eed l\u00fd Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0a ra. \u00c1n t\u1eed x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng cho \u00f4ng. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp theo l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebfu b\u00e0n tay \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3. Nho gia d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u n\u00fat b\u1ebf t\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ngai v\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ec7nh tr\u1eddi h\u01a1n. Hai thuy\u1ebft sau n\u00eau \u0111\u00edch danh th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 L\u00ea L\u1ee3i; c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m nh\u00f2e nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u00f2e nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 16 \u2013 L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi:<\/u><\/p>\n
Sau khi \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1eb7c Minh, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9. Vua ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u1eabn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng sau bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u1eabn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t.(290)<\/sup> H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i l\u1eabn n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\nD\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u00e0i th\u00f4ng tin t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n, ta th\u1ea5y L\u00ea L\u1ee3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi 17 b\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a anh h\u00f9ng v\u1ea1ch ra b\u1edfi Joseph Campbell.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec sao qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb vua Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u M\u1ef9 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX? Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi bi\u1ebft l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a, ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 Ti\u00ean tri Muhammad. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng n\u1ea5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 phim Ma tr\u1eadn,<\/i>(291)<\/sup> Chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao<\/i>(292)<\/sup>\u2026 hay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ly k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1m t\u1eed Sherlock Holmes.<\/p>\nChristopher Vogler,(293)<\/sup> chuy\u00ean gia \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t quy\u1ec3n \u201cThe Hero With a Thousand Faces\u201d, Thi\u00ean Di\u1ec7n Anh H\u00f9ng <\/i>c\u1ee7a Campbell m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\nQuy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3u \u201cc\u1ed5 m\u1eabu\u201d c\u1ee7a Jung,<\/i>(294)<\/sup> ch\u00fang n\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.
Jung tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta.
C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u1edf \u0111i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i anh h\u00f9ng – nh\u01b0 anh h\u00f9ng tr\u1ebb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t m\u1edd \u1ea3o – gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 m\u1eabu trong tr\u00ed \u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n ra trong m\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eabu huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd.
Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c.<\/i>(295)<\/sup> <\/i><\/p>\nKhi \u0111\u1ecdc \u00fd ki\u1ebfn Vogler, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u201ct\u00e2m c\u00f4ng\u201d, hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, th\u1eddi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i? H\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean hu\u1ea5n l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y. S\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00e0n khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ebb t\u1ebb ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, k\u00fd t\u00e1i hay truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 binh-d\u00e2n v\u1eadn thu\u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
N\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c \u201ct\u00e2m c\u00f4ng\u201d hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e3ng tr\u1ea7m \u0111en t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 L\u00ea. Khi nh\u1eefng s\u0129 quan ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng theo b\u01b0\u1edbc chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh t\u00f4ng \u1edf Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, Ai Lao, Malacca; th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec s\u1ef1 hao m\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p trung, nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0o. Theo mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o v\u01b0\u01a1ng trong H\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh chuy\u00ean ngh\u1ec1 v\u00f5, bi\u1ebft g\u00ecn gi\u1eef gia thanh kh\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn. L\u00fac qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0ng gia Tr\u1ea7n tan t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Chi\u00eam, s\u1ed1 thi\u00ean t\u1ef3 ti\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u tinh nhu\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng bao nhi\u00eau n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e1nh n\u1ed5i vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn tranh su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau.(296)<\/sup> Suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi khuynh \u0111\u1ea3o tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng may m\u1eafn, nh\u00e0 L\u00ea kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft tinh hoa qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u01b0u t\u00fa H\u00e1n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tri\u1ec1u M\u1ea1c, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn tin v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd L\u00ea, nh\u1edd v\u1eady Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00f9ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u01b0\u1edbc vua v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u0169. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1eafc b\u1ed9 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 im l\u1eb7ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u1eafm k\u1ebb vui m\u1eebng, khi T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7t; r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i tranh th\u1ee7 d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1edd ph\u00f9 L\u00ea khi T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfm vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o t\u1eebng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\nTrong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trung c\u1ed5, khi th\u00f4ng tin ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp, nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hi\u1ebfm hoi hay c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u1eb3n g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd chi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
3. Ai l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o?<\/b><\/p>\n
Ai l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u201cOan th\u00e1n\u201d? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ngay: Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t bi ph\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 lu\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00fac b\u1ecb giam trong ng\u1ee5c. Ai l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh \u201cB\u1ed1 gi\u00e0\u201d? H\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Mario Puzo, hay Francis Coppola, hay Marlon Brando, hay nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n sinh \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m phim \u201cB\u1ed1 gi\u00e0\u201d, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c th\u01a1 \u201cOan th\u00e1n\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, hay nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n quan ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o theo \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u. V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u201d c\u1ee7a Barthes(297)<\/sup> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n(1) L\u00ea L\u1ee3i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1 c\u00e1o thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i do \u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qua \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam: L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.
(2) \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3.
(3) Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi vua (tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia nh\u01b0ng vua quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn sao cho m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 do tr\u1eddi x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t: c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chi li, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n.
(4) Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i theo ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 Nho: \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1m v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tham gia s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
![\"DaiCao-TiLeTacGia\"](\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/DaiCao-TiLeTacGia_thumb.jpg\" "\\"DaiCao-TiLeTacGia\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\nV\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i c\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o v\u00e0 vua L\u00ea l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
*<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i: qua \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o; qua v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t; qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u00e1o b\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sau l\u0103ng k\u00ednh xa l\u1ea1 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng quen m\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng quen ngh\u0129, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n ai c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a h\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a; ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau\u201d, hay t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n h\u01a1n, \u201cch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n ai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc hay l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t ch\u01b0a ngh\u0129 ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i lo\u1ea1i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 trong nh\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau. Y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0a qu\u00e1 m\u01b0\u01a1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00f9 ta suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong b\u00e0i v\u1eabn m\u00e3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ecbp b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd, n\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u1ebfu, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Mong r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
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Ch\u00fa th\u00edch (ph\u1ea7n IV, k\u1ef3 10)<\/b><\/p>\n
(279)<\/sup> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c.
<\/i>(280)<\/sup> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c B\u1eafc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00e1n.
(281)<\/sup> Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c t\u1eadp I<\/i>, Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc T\u1ec9nh (Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed H\u1ecdc) phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, Nxb Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c 2002, trang 729. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p trong s\u00e1ch \u201cHo\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t long h\u01b0ng ch\u00ed\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Gi\u00e1p \u0110\u1eadu (1853 – ?). Xem Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t long h\u01b0ng ch\u00ed,<\/i> Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd, Mai Xu\u00e2n H\u1ea3i, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean d\u1ecbch, Nxb H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng 2013, trang 423.
(282)<\/sup> Xem Joseph Campbell (1947), The Hero With a Thousand Faces, <\/i>Princeton University Press 2004, trang 45-226. B\u1ea3n pdf: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2IaUOGU.
(283)<\/sup> Joseph Campbell (1904 \u2013 1987): nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00f3: \u201cThe Masks of God\u201d, C\u00e1c M\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/i>; \u201cThe Power of Myth\u201d, S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i\u2026
<\/i>(284) <\/sup>Niveneh: th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Assyria, k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i.
(285)<\/sup> \u201cC\u00e1i thi\u00ean d\u1ee5c kh\u1ed1n ng\u00e3, d\u0129 gi\u00e1ng quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7m. \u84cb\u5929\u6b32\u56f0\u6211\u4ee5\u964d\u53a5\u4efb.\u201d D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ta kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 ban cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb.
<\/i>(286)<\/sup> Xem Joseph Campbell (1947), The Hero With a Thousand Faces, <\/i>Princeton University Press 2004, trang 113. B\u1ea3n pdf: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2IaUOGU.
(287)<\/sup> Xem Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i to\u00e0n t\u1eadp t\u00e2n bi\u00ean II, Lam S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, <\/i>Nxb V\u0103n H\u1ecdc, trang 344.
(288)<\/sup> Xem Joseph Campbell (1947), The Hero With a Thousand Faces, <\/i>Princeton University Press 2004, trang 135. B\u1ea3n pdf: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2IaUOGU.
(289)<\/sup> Ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt nh\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n theo chi\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0: c\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n, b\u0129 ph\u1ee5c th\u00e1i, h\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c minh, duy t\u00e2n.
<\/i>(290)<\/sup> Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e2u th\u01a1 r\u1ea5t hay v\u1ec1 hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u201cQuy\u1ec1n m\u01b0u b\u1ea3n th\u1ecb d\u1ee5ng tr\u1eeb gian, Nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a duy tr\u00ec qu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf an. \u6b0a\u8b00\u672c\u662f\u7528\u9664\u5978\u4ec1\u7fa9\u7dad\u6301\u570b\u52e2\u5b89.\u201d S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n m\u01b0u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb gian, Duy tr\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00ean \u1ed5n c\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a.<\/i> Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a anh h\u00f9ng trong v\u00e0 sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng.
(291)<\/sup> Ma tr\u1eadn: t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh \u201cThe Matrix\u201d, phim khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n b\u1edfi Lana Wachowski v\u00e0 Lilly Wachowski, h\u00e3ng Warner Bros. ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1999.
(292)<\/sup> Chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao: t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh \u201cStar Wars\u201d, g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n ba b\u1ed9 phim, c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1977 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ki\u00eam \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n George Lucas, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi h\u00e3ng 20th<\/sup> Century Fox.
(293)<\/sup> Christopher Vogler (sinh n\u0103m 1949): nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n phim, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u00f3 \u201cThe Writer\u2019s Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers\u201d, H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i d\u00e0nh cho Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n.
<\/i>(294)<\/sup> Carl Jung: T\u1ee9c Carl Gustav Jung (1875 \u2013 1961), nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ng\u00e0nh T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Jung \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e3, c\u1ed5 m\u1eabu, v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00f3: \u201cPsychology and Religion\u201d, T\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/i>; \u201cPsychologie und Alchemie\u201d, T\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 Thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 kim<\/i>; b\u00e1n t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n \u201cErinnerungen, Tr\u00e4ume, Gedanken\u201d, K\u00fd \u1ee9c, Gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, Suy g\u1eabm.
<\/i>(295)<\/sup> Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: The book is based on Jung\u2019s idea of the \u201cArchetypes\u201d constantly repeating characters who occur in the dreams of all people and the myths of all cultures.
Jung believed that these archetypes are reflections of the human mind \u2014 that our minds divide themselves into these characters to play out the drama of our lives.
The repeating characters of the hero myth, such as the young hero, the wise old man, the shape-shifting woman, and the shadowy nemesis, are identical with the archetypes of the human mind, as shown in dreams. That\u2019s why myths, and stories constructed on the mythological model, are always psychologically true.
Such stories are true models of the workings of the human mind, true maps of the psyche. They are psychologically valid and realistic even when they portray fantastic, impossible, unreal events. Xem \u201cA Practical Guide to The Hero With a Thousand Faces\u201d, b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2WJxdBl.
(296)<\/sup> T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n V\u0169 Nguy\u1ec5n Kim Ngao b\u1ecb Qu\u00fd Ly ch\u00e9m do b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n Chi\u00eam (1380), Hoa Ng\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n L\u00ea M\u1eadt \u00d4n b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n kinh th\u00e0nh (1383), T\u01b0\u1edbng H\u1eefu Th\u00e1nh D\u1ef1c Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c b\u1eaft t\u1ea1i Thanh H\u00f3a k\u00e8m 70 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ebft tr\u1eadn (1389), T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n T\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh D\u1ef1c Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ee5ng Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chi\u00eam khi\u1ebfn Qu\u00fd Ly ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e9m 30 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd r\u00e3 ng\u0169 ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 (1392)\u2026 Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.
(297)<\/sup> Xem Roland Barthes (1957), Mythologies,<\/i> d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh b\u1edfi Annette Lavers, Nxb Hill and Wang 2013, trang 226-231.
(298)<\/sup> S\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng (equivalence) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hai c\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng nhau (equality).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n sinh \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m phim \u201cB\u1ed1 gi\u00e0\u201d, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c th\u01a1 \u201cOan th\u00e1n\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, hay nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n quan ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2124,"featured_media":61249,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,152,153,9,181],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","category-nghien-cuu","category-tu-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2124"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61252"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61253,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61252\/revisions\/61253"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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