{"id":60840,"date":"2019-07-24T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-07-24T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damau.org\/?p=60840"},"modified":"2019-07-23T04:14:35","modified_gmt":"2019-07-23T04:14:35","slug":"the-grapes-of-wrath-80-nam-sau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/60840\/the-grapes-of-wrath-80-nam-sau","title":{"rendered":"The Grapes of Wrath, 80 n\u0103m sau"},"content":{"rendered":"



Murphy\u2019s Law: Anything that can go wrong will go wrong.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1 Joad: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

\"clip_image002\"<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Joad b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed3 m\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u1edf Oklahoma, t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y qua California \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 M\u00e1 Joad; m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Tom Joad – \u0111\u1ee9a con trai \u0111i t\u00f9 v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ee1 tay gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m tha; k\u1ebft th\u00fac truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Rose of Sharon Joad – \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 s\u01a1 sinh nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea7u s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, b\u1ee5i m\u00f9 tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y, m\u01b0a \u00fang \u0111\u1ea5t – con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lam l\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 nh\u01b0 thu\u1edf h\u1ed3ng hoang.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Joad c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1eed t\u1ebf khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eed t\u1ebf, c\u1ed1 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng o\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch. Nh\u01b0 M\u00e1 Joad n\u00f3i: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m theo ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i qua California h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p may, g\u1eb7p v\u1eadn r\u1ee7i, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, h\u1ecd r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7n. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n theo h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng tha ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb con. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00f3, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng tham c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh b\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c trong truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 M\u00e1 Joad. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng b\u1eefa \u0103n, b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Jim Casy v\u00e0o chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a. Joad c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n Jew \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a. Nh\u01b0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, M\u00e1 Joad thu h\u1eb9p lo toan c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng khi g\u1eb7p hi\u1ec3m nguy, b\u00e0 s\u1ebd theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ra gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi Tom \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi California \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, b\u00e0 c\u1ea7m c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00e1nh xe quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00ec b\u00e0 s\u1ee3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Khi b\u00e0 s\u1ee3 t\u00ean c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t khi\u00eau kh\u00edch Tom \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c Tom c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft h\u1eafn, b\u00e0 c\u1ea7m c\u00e1i ch\u1ea3o l\u00ean do\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e1nh h\u1eafn. B\u00e0 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1eddi tr\u1ea1i Weedpatch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u00e0 d\u1eabn gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn khu \u0111\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ee5t, tr\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y. Khi Tom ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n, b\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 Jim Casey d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u ra b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. B\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Jim Casy (J.C., nh\u01b0 Jesus Christ) l\u00e0 k\u1ebb gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng ng\u01b0ng rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 lang thang n\u01a1i hoang d\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c: M\u1ed7i linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n t\u1ed1i cao, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00fa trong linh h\u1ed3n t\u1ed1i cao \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n t\u1ed1i cao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. Casy bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129 \u1ea5y kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng Casy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 suy ngh\u0129, \u00f4ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c hay h\u1eefu th\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i thay cho Tom, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111i xa h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng tranh \u0111\u1ea5u cho k\u1ebb b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o sau c\u00e2u n\u00f3i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft \u00f4ng: \u201cC\u00e1c anh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c anh \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u201d, nh\u01b0 Jesus n\u00f3i: \u201cXin Cha h\u00e3y tha th\u1ee9 cho h\u1ecd, v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u201d. Casy l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri v\u00e0 k\u1ebb hoang mang, c\u1ee7a si\u00eau nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m \u2013 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00fd ho\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfng s\u1ebd h\u1ecfng, l\u00fac n\u00e0y hay l\u00fac kh\u00e1c. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra l\u00fac n\u00e0o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o? Nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u vi\u1ebft \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 25: \u201cTrong m\u1eaft k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i, n\u1ed7i th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n. Trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd, ch\u00f9m nho th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng tr\u0129u\u201d, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9, theo ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 trong S\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n 14:19-20: \u201cThi\u00ean th\u1ea7n vung l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m xu\u1ed1ng, h\u00e1i c\u00e1c ch\u00f9m nho c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e9m v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng \u00e9p nho th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Nho trong th\u00f9ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 m\u00e1u trong th\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y cao \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2y c\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ef1a, l\u00eanh l\u00e1ng ba tr\u0103m c\u00e2y s\u1ed1\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u0103ng? Nh\u01b0ng M\u00e1 Joad v\u00e0 Jim Casy v\u00e0 Tom Joad ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a John Steinbeck v\u1edbi The Grapes of Wrath<\/i> (1939) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1933 khi \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe \u1ecdp \u1eb9p ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Oklahoma ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 Salinas, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong khu \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t \u201cLittle Oklahoma\u201d b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, m\u1ed9t \u201cQu\u00ea Nh\u1ecf\u201d lu\u1ed9m thu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm b\u00ean trong. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2y nam n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 di c\u01b0 qua California \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i v\u00ec h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi\u1ebfn Steinbeck manh nha \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1936, Steinbeck vi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i cho San Francisco News v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n di tr\u00fa theo m\u00f9a \u1edf California. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Marysville g\u1eb7p Tom Collins, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Ban T\u00e1i \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 (Resettlement Administration) trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang. Collins g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1edbi n\u1ed7i Steinbeck ghi l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch: \u201cTo Tom, who lived it.\u201d Collins c\u0169ng m\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 v\u00e9t tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Jim Rawley \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1m c\u01b0 trong truy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 Collins cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1937, v\u1edf k\u1ecbch Of Mice and Men<\/i> d\u1ef1a theo truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ra m\u1eaft \u1edf New York, nh\u01b0ng Steinbeck kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 m\u00e0 l\u00e1i xe v\u1ec1 California d\u1ecdc theo \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng 66 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n di c\u01b0. Th\u00e1ng Ba 1938, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn San Joaquin Valley g\u1eb7p Tom Collins l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1m c\u01b0 sau tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t \u1edf Visalia d\u1eabn t\u1edbi n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1eadn m\u1eaft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi v\u0103n kinh ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng N\u0103m 1938, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft The Grapes of Wrath<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi 1938, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft xong; Carol, v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o, gi\u00fap \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u00ean s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eb7ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch \u201cTo Carol, who willed it.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Grapes <\/i>xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 1939, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, t\u1eeb New York \u0111\u1ebfn Illinois \u0111\u1ebfn California, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n trong qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Oklahoma. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb c\u01a1 quan FBI \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tin t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Associated Farmers \u0111e do\u1ea1 h\u00e0nh hung \u00f4ng. Khi b\u00e0 Eleanor Roosevelt, phu nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng F. D. Roosevelt, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1m c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n di tr\u00fa, b\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ngh\u0129 The Grapes of Wrath<\/i> l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i.\u201d Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, The Grapes<\/i> \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Pulitzer v\u00e0 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t trong n\u0103m, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1940 b\u1ed9 phim c\u00f9ng t\u00ean do John Ford l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu trong r\u1ea1p. <\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

The Grapes of Wrath<\/i> k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Joad, xen l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eafn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 con r\u00f9a \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f2 qua xa l\u1ed9, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Joad. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Jim Casy nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri n\u00f3i L\u1eddi<\/i>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft d\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 xung quanh gia \u0111\u00ecnh Joad \u2013 nh\u01b0 xem \u0111o\u1ea1n phim th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 trong r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xem phim truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra ngay c\u1eeda r\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n The Grapes of Wrath<\/i>, Steinbeck vi\u1ebft: \u201cCu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh ph\u1ee5 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang d\u00e2y v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed5i.\u201d \u00d4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201cTrong cu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00ean vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch ra sao.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00e2n d\u00e3, th\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. L\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ed9c l\u1ed1c, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, l\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7ng, thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m d\u1ecb ngh\u0129a bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec1n nam n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hay c\u1eaft b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2m ti\u1ebft. V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef r\u1ea5t th\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng theo chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u d\u00e0i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c c\u00e2u c\u1ee5t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf c\u1eadn nhau c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. N\u00f3i chung, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Steinbeck \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, The Grapes <\/i>t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, k\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 (bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u?) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i xa h\u01a1n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng \u0111ang k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc Steinbeck, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung, s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u00edch th\u00fa \u1ea5y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Steinbeck, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef t\u00ednh kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 l\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7ng, gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 tr\u00fac tr\u1eafc, gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft sai ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u1ecbch, trong khi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c, gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n \u2013 g\u00e3y g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, v\u0103n v\u1ebb v\u00e0 th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1o, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trau chu\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Khi The Grapes of Wrath<\/i> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang 80 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i qu\u00e1 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, b\u1ecb hai phe t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, v\u00ec n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, v\u00ec h\u00e0m \u00fd t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n song song v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u1ea5m hay l\u1ea5p li\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gia \u0111\u00ecnh Joad b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed3 m\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u1edf Oklahoma, t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y qua California \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a California h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i. G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua \u0111\u00e3 qua, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebft bao s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam M\u1ef9 b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 s\u1edf lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t t\u00f9 n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi ch\u00e2u l\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c2u ch\u00e2u t\u00ecm n\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ecb xua \u0111u\u1ed5i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. R\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rohingya v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. C\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0? C\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm d\u1ecdc theo xa l\u1ed9 ngang qua c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf California, hay ng\u1ed3i s\u01b0\u1edfi tr\u00ean n\u1eafp c\u1ed1ng \u1edf New York v\u00e0o m\u00f9a l\u1ea1nh? V\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u1ea5y, khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 \u0111i, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t t\u00edch tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0y nay, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u1ea5y, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tha ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd ao \u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea, nheo nh\u00f3c, m\u1eebng m\u1eebng t\u1ee7i t\u1ee7i; ng\u00e0y nay, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u1ea5y, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i \u00edt mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 \u1edf l\u1ea1i, trong khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u, ho\u1eb7c ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e8 c\u1ed5 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf \u0111i. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n. V\u00e0 80 n\u0103m sau, c\u1ea7m cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t bi k\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 The Grapes of Wrath<\/i> h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n



Th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2019<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n<\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n



Tham kh\u1ea3o<\/b><\/p>\n

– The Grapes of Wrath and Other Writings 1936-1941<\/i>, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp Robert DeMott v\u00e0 Elaine A. Steinbeck, The Library of America, New York 1996.<\/p>\n

– Susan Shillinglaw, On Reading The Grapes of Wrath<\/i>, Peinguin Books, New York 2014.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Grapes xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 1939, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, t\u1eeb New York \u0111\u1ebfn Illinois \u0111\u1ebfn California, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n trong qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Oklahoma. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb c\u01a1 quan FBI \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tin t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Associated Farmers \u0111e do\u1ea1 h\u00e0nh hung \u00f4ng. Khi b\u00e0 Eleanor Roosevelt, phu nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng F. D. Roosevelt, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1m c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n di tr\u00fa, b\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ngh\u0129 The Grapes of Wrath l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i.\u201d Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, The Grapes \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Pulitzer v\u00e0 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t trong n\u0103m<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2209,"featured_media":60839,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[132,50,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-doc-va-doc-lai","category-gioi-thieu-tac-pham","category-nhan-dinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2209"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60840"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60842,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60840\/revisions\/60842"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}