{"id":5559,"date":"2009-04-24T07:19:45","date_gmt":"2009-04-24T07:19:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/5559"},"modified":"2019-02-25T23:19:10","modified_gmt":"2019-02-25T23:19:10","slug":"viet-nam-khai-quoc-hai-ba-trung-va-nguon-goc-cua-tu-viet-nam-chuong-1-phan-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/5559\/viet-nam-khai-quoc-hai-ba-trung-va-nguon-goc-cua-tu-viet-nam-chuong-1-phan-4","title":{"rendered":"vi\u1ec7t nam khai qu\u1ed1c: hai b\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb “vi\u1ec7t nam” (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1, ph\u1ea7n 4)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"hai<\/a> <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(“Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng” –tranh l\u1ee5a c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n S\u00e1ng (1977))<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 29 SCN, sau khi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1eb7ng Nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, vi\u00ean Th\u1ee9 S\u1eed Giao Ch\u1ec9 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n trong th\u1eddi V\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u00e3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh khen th\u01b0\u1edfng. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi V\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u00e3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f4n n\u00f3ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0103n nh\u01b0 c\u0169. C\u00f2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. T\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecbnh, vi\u00ean Th\u00e1i Th\u00fa m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Giao Ch\u1ec9, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t tham \u00f4 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady chi\u1ebfu theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu m\u00e0 s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng x\u1ea5u k\u00e9m c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Trong th\u1eddi gian T\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea1o d\u1ea1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u00ean L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u \u1edf M\u00ea Linh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng Tr\u1eafc, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 Thi S\u00e1ch, L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u \u1edf Chu Di\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch M\u00ea Linh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng. Theo s\u1eed li\u1ec7u Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Thi S\u00e1ch t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 T\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, c\u1ed1 “tr\u00f3i \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.” Trung Tr\u1eafc “l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ee3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3” \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c ch\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1c L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 so g\u01b0\u01a1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u. Theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh sau \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, T\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1edf to m\u1eaft khi th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i khi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb k\u1ebb l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n; \u00f4ng s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p.” M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 40 SCN, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 T\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y. C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n, Nh\u1eadt Nam v\u00e0 H\u1ee3p Ph\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean theo Tr\u01b0ng Tr\u1eafc. Tr\u01b0ng Tr\u1eafc l\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf M\u00ea Linh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0m N\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n 65 th\u00e0nh. Trong hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 “\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf m\u00e1\u201d \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 “\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh” l\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 trong hai n\u0103m, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 “b\u00e3i b\u1ecf thu\u1ebf m\u00e1.” B\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb M\u00ea Linh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 d\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh theo ki\u1ec3u Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c theo b\u00e0 t\u00f4n B\u00e0 l\u00e0 N\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 “c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p.” Nh\u01b0ng phong tr\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng “thu\u1ebf” m\u00e0 b\u00e0 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c H\u00e1n b\u1eaft c\u00e1c L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u0169. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thu thu\u1ebf \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n H\u00e1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xa x\u1ec9 mi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. T\u00ean nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu thu\u1ebf \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u00f5. Nh\u1eefng L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu thu\u1ebf m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u00e1p ch\u1ebf. Thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu thu\u1ebf theo lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n, c\u00e1c L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea9m theo quy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng Tr\u1eafc, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi em g\u00e1i l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng Nh\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 qua bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 hai B\u00e0. C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec \u00f4ng Thi S\u00e1ch b\u1ecb T\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecbnh gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft n\u00ean hai B\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 sau kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n t\u00f4n l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. S\u1eed li\u1ec7u Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Thi S\u00e1ch ph\u00f2 tr\u1ee3 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1eabu h\u1ec7 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u00e2n b\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n di t\u00edch g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 c\u1ea3. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a tr\u00ean 50 t\u00f9y t\u01b0\u1edbng theo b\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc bia ghi l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Hai B\u00e0, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 41 SCN, 1 trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba m\u1edbi d\u1eb9p xong 1 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u1edf An Hu\u00ea, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u00f4ng 56 tu\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1ee5c Ba T\u01b0\u1edbng Qu\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u1ed9 B\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 r\u01b0\u1ee1i. V\u1edbi 8000 qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh quy v\u00e0 12,000 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Giao Ch\u1ec9 B\u1ed9. M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng H\u1ee3p Ph\u1ed1, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng Giao Ch\u1ec9 qu\u1eadn. Khi vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean ch\u1ebft, M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 2000 chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho binh s\u0129. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng cho ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n thuy\u1ec1n th\u00ec ch\u1edf l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111i theo ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho t\u1edbi khi M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2y Vu, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u00e1nh k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ed5 Loa, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng b\u00e8n r\u00fat v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng cao L\u00e3ng B\u1ea1c n\u1eb1m h\u01a1i ch\u1ebfch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 tr\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

V\u00f9ng cao L\u00e3ng B\u1ea1c tr\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng b\u1edd phi\u00e1 Nam c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 c\u0169ng mang t\u00ean L\u00e3ng B\u1ea1c; h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0103n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng C\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ed9i thuy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ngc\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 theo s\u00f4ng C\u1ea7u \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf neo trong h\u1ed3. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 42 TCN. M\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng quen v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, n\u00ean M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e2n ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 s\u1ebd m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng n\u00f3i: ” Khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf gi\u1eefa L\u00e3ng B\u1ea1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Vu, gi\u1eb7c c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a giao chi\u1ebfn, m\u01b0a r\u01a1i, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c l\u00ean, b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con chim b\u1ed3 c\u1eaft \u0111ang bay b\u1ed7ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft.”<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n H\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u, theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea5t can \u0111\u1ea3m. B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu B\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng binh ch\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c t\u00f9y t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea5t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00ean B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 khai chi\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thua l\u1edbn, bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u00ean 10,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng qu\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c. B\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f9y t\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00fat v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n n\u00fai T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean \u1edf M\u00ea Linh, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a B\u00e0. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n. M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n \u0111u\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00ea Linh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u1ea5y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai B\u00e0. Th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m sau, th\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a hai B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh H\u00e1n \u1edf L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Lo yang).<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hai B\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Bao l\u00e2u m\u00e0 B\u00e0 c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo B\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng sau l\u01b0ng B\u00e0. Nh\u01b0ng khi B\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, b\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i mau l\u1eb9. B\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo m\u00ecnh. B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 lo cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i hay b\u1ecf \u0111i n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 r\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u1ecb H\u00e1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u00f3i m\u00f2n. M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1eefa \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:”B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, n\u00ean s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o theo B\u00e0, th\u1ea5y B\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, s\u1ee3 B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecf \u0111i.” T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdn n\u0103m 43 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau. \u0110\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u1ea5y M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng 2000 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1edf qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c xu\u1ed1ng C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u ngoan b\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n. Thuy\u1ec1n theo nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng ra t\u1edbi c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 xu\u00f4i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng M\u00e3. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean v\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao \u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i xu\u00f4i xu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 Nam d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n chia qu\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m hai c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam t\u1edbi Ngh\u1ec7 An ng\u00e0y nay, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nam C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n. Kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 3000 \u0111\u1ebfn 5000 ng\u01b0\u00f2i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00ean v\u00f9ng Hoa Nam. M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 44 SCN, M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n r\u1eddi Giao Ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc. M\u00f9a thu n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n nh\u01b0 1 v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

NAM<\/strong> VI\u1ec6T V\u00c0 VI\u1ec6T <\/strong>NAM<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u00e2u<\/a> (Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf bi\u00ean th\u00f9y\u00a0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Trung Hoa)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n chinh c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u qua v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i bang. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i; nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean n\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n trong khi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c “man di” n\u00e0o may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 sau s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cv\u0103n minh h\u00f3a,\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh Trung Qu\u1ed1c. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 L\u1ea1c<\/em> ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1 lo\u00e3ng \u0111i, nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t<\/em> (Yueh<\/em>) ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi “man di.” Nh\u1eefng s\u1eed gia Trung Qu\u1ed1c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n chinh c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t<\/em> hay \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t<\/em>. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c, khi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn “L\u1ea1c<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 sa s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c phi Hoa \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf Chi\u1ebft Giang v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 Ki\u00ean v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng giang s\u01a1n \u1edf d\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; \u0111em truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n bi\u00ean th\u00f9y ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u00ean “\u00c2u” ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Vi\u1ec7t. Tuy v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ph\u00eda Nam B\u1ed3 Ki\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c, d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n man di. S\u00e1ch s\u1eed k\u00fd n\u00f3i vua C\u00e2u Ti\u1ec5n (505-465 TCN)\u2014ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb x\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t– ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a vua V\u0169, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra nh\u00e0 H\u1ea1. Ng\u01b0\u00f2i Vi\u1ec7t v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n minh\u201d–m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng man di v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi man di.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, t\u1eeb “Vi\u1ec7t” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb chinh ph\u1ee5c \u1edf d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda Nam. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 “Vi\u1ec7t” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n b\u1ecb chinh ph\u1ee5c b\u1edfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb t\u1ea1m d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c r\u1ed3i sau s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u00f3a. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c coi gi\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e1o m\u00f2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng trong d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u00f3, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd coi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh. N\u00f3i chung, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 man r\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

Khi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1c th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft k\u00e8m v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t. Ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i “L\u1ea1c” ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u201cVi\u1ec7t.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"au<\/a> <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u00c2u C\u01a1-L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc L\u1ea1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t (tranh Vi Vi))<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh H\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y t\u00ean L\u1ea1c ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn. Khi h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c m\u00ecnh, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u00c2u C\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi con ch\u00e1u L\u1ea1c l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb trong v\u0103n t\u1ef1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a hay ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5–g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c–v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 “Vi\u1ec7t.” M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Nam \u00c1; v\u00e0 t\u1eeb “Vi\u1ec7t” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb “Hoa” d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e2n \u1edf B\u1ed3 Ki\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Nam \u00c1 kh\u00e1c: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/em>; con<\/em> (khi th\u01b0a, x\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1, m\u1eb9, \u00f4ng b\u00e0); con sam<\/em>; \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb bi\u1ebft<\/em>; b\u1ecdt<\/em>, b\u00e8o<\/em>, con k\u1ebb<\/em>. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng tham kh\u1ea3o s\u01a1 khai v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2 SCN \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb “ch\u1ebft” l\u00e0 t\u1eeb “Vi\u1ec7t”, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb “ch\u00f3” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb “Nam Vi\u1ec7t.”<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 x\u00e9t theo \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u00ean “Vi\u1ec7t” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1ea5y; tuy \u201cVi\u1ec7t\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c L\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

“Vi\u1ec7t” l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m Vi\u1ec7t nam c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb “Yueh,” do \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t. T\u00ean “Vi\u1ec7t Nam” ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1803, khi s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n sang B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 “Nam Vi\u1ec7t,” nh\u01b0ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 “Vi\u1ec7t Nam.” Th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1eabn u\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, t\u00ean “Vi\u1ec7t Nam” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec \u00f4ng Thi S\u00e1ch b\u1ecb T\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecbnh gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft n\u00ean hai B\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y Thi S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb T\u00f4 \u0110\u1ecbnh gi\u1ebft. S\u1eed li\u1ec7u Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Thi S\u00e1ch ph\u00f2 tr\u1ee3 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1298,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153,177],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","category-van-hoa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1298"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5559"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52565,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5559\/revisions\/52565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}