{"id":5400,"date":"2009-03-30T00:45:32","date_gmt":"2009-03-30T00:45:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/5400"},"modified":"2019-02-25T12:29:19","modified_gmt":"2019-02-25T12:29:19","slug":"viet-nam-khai-quoc-loi-mo-dau-the-birth-of-vietnam-authors-foreword","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/5400\/viet-nam-khai-quoc-loi-mo-dau-the-birth-of-vietnam-authors-foreword","title":{"rendered":"vi\u1ec7t nam khai qu\u1ed1c: l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u (the birth of vietnam: author’s foreword)"},"content":{"rendered":"

LTS<\/strong>: H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Keith Taylor hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Khoa Kh\u1ea3o C\u1ee9u \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u (Asian Studies) \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cornell, New York. \u00d4ng th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh \u0111\u00e3 sang \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970. Quy\u1ec3n The Birth of Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em> (Vi\u1ec7t Nam Khai Qu\u1ed1c<\/em>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1976 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Michigan), d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Trung Hoa, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. \u00d4ng s\u1eafp ra m\u1eaft quy\u1ec3n A Concise History of Vietnam<\/em> (L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em> (Cambridge University Press). G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o\/nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh Monde du Viet Nam<\/em> (v\u1edbi Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Mantienne) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Anh (Paris: Les Indes Savantes, 2008).<\/p>\n

B\u00e1c Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00ea V\u1ef9, th\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Da M\u00e0u, \u0111\u00e3 mua b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam Khai Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Keith Taylor trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, b\u00e1c Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00ea V\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 trao t\u1eb7ng Da M\u00e0u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Da M\u00e0u xin tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u00e1c Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00ea V\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong quy\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam Khai Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i trong m\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Da M\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Chi\u00eau Ly hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam Khai Qu\u1ed1c<\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi M\u1edf \u0110\u1ea7u<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"the<\/a> T\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, khi n\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1eddi. Trong su\u1ed1t 12 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n “V\u0103n Minh Nam H\u1ea3i” c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 khai sinh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u1eed gia Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn coi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd v\u1eabn coi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh \u1edf bi\u00ean th\u00f9y Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c may m\u1eafn th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 “v\u0103n minh ho\u00e1” c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc VN l\u1ea1i coi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nung r\u00e8n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"viet<\/a> \u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba\u201d \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n b\u1edfi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u1ede m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 “ti\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c”, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 qua nh\u1eefng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10 kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb 12 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i hay v\u00e0 c\u00e1i d\u1edf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u0103ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian th\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ecbu t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1i quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd coi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 chinh \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u0111\u00fac qua bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c; n\u00f3 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i–v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n–l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft tinh t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vua ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111u\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp thu kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Qua vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef Hoa v\u00e0o trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m qua bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o hay M\u00e1c x\u00edt, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i gieo m\u1ea7m cho tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi can thi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m qua, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh tan nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u toan c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e2y b\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u00f3 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t b\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn b\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Trung Hoa, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n qu\u00ea k\u1ec7ch, t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai th\u00e0nh t\u00edch l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Hai \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho t\u1edbi t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

T\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u toan \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng kho\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam: c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua ch\u00faa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u0111u\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng mong l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3u Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. N\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf s\u00e1t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn “nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n khai qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam,” b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “khai qu\u1ed1c.\u201d M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “khai qu\u1ed1c” 3 l\u1ea7n: m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c; r\u1ed3i \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10 khi n\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t; v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 khai qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt ra b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c khai sinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ra nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh x\u00e1c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t qua m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n hay L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t thu\u1edf \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Kim kh\u00ed ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u1edf c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. L\u1eb1n ranh gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 H\u00e1n-Vi\u1ec7t, binh l\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 gi\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi. N\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean; v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kinh qua khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. L\u1eb1n ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch ra trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Giao ch\u1ec9-Vi\u1ec7t, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. N\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e2m \u1ea4p, t\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e0m \u1edf v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i ph\u00eda Nam th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi L\u00e2m \u1ea4p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. Giai do\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3, sau khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, khi \u0110\u00e0o Ho\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i th\u00fa Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y lui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean th\u00f9y L\u00e2m \u1ea4p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9nh. Ranh gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng ph\u00eda Nam.<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6, Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0u toan th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng ph\u00eda Nam, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tri\u1ec1u c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c mu\u1ed1n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong th\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o trong quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10 v\u00e0 11.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 5 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng-Vi\u1ec7t. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00ean v\u1eefng trong tay \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft Vi\u1ec7t Nam tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng l\u00e2n bang kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 v\u00e0 m\u01b0u toan li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eadp tan.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 9 khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Chi\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u01a1n c\u01b0\u1edbc V\u00e2n Nam. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n th\u00f3i v\u00f4 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng “man r\u1ee3.” Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng-Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eb1n ranh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n M\u01b0\u1eddng sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t n\u1eb1m trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10, khi nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1eb1n ranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi l\u1eb1n ranh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2, 3, v\u00e0 5, khi nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng phi Hoa. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 6 v\u00e0 10, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1eb1n ranh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. Ngay v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i d\u1eadt l\u00f9i \u0111\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2y d\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u1edd \u0111i chuy\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111e d\u1ecda ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gh\u00e9 m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng nguy\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb thu\u1edf s\u01a1 khai l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1,” n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.\u201d Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Nh\u1eefng l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng phi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u01a1 v\u01a1 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft lo cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec n\u00f3, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u00ecn gi\u1eef bi\u00ean th\u00f9y ph\u00eda B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam “thu\u1ed9c” v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 hay \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng soi s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec c\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 khai qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean th\u00f9y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh phi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ecb g\u00f2 b\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u00e1p ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c qua bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng phi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u01a1 v\u01a1 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft lo cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1298,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153,177],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","category-van-hoa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1298"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5400"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18784,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5400\/revisions\/18784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}