{"id":51463,"date":"2018-11-27T09:39:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-27T09:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damau.org\/?p=51463"},"modified":"2019-02-26T02:32:42","modified_gmt":"2019-02-26T02:32:42","slug":"phong-van-nha-van-tran-doan-nho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/51463\/phong-van-nha-van-tran-doan-nho","title":{"rendered":"PH\u1eceNG V\u1ea4N NHÀ V\u0102N TR\u1ea6N DOÃN NHO"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\"Tran<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Tr\u1ea7n Do\u00e3n Nho
(\u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p \u1edf Boston, th\u00e1ng 10.2018)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n

T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Th\u01b0 Qu\u00e1n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ea3o do Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Th\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2001. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n nam 1954-1975, Th\u01b0 Qu\u00e1n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ea3o c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eb1m vinh danh v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb sau 1975 \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. S\u1ed1 b\u00e1o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 82, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 NH\u00c0 V\u0102N TR\u1ea6N DO\u00c3N NHO, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 11.2018 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng phu v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. B\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Tr\u1ea7n Do\u00e3n Nho d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y do Ph\u1ea1m Cao Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.
<\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

1<\/strong>. <\/i>Anh Tr\u1ea7n Do\u00e3n Nho, anh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a t\u00e0i: vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i, l\u00e0m th\u01a1, vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea1c, vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c anh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec sao anh l\u1ea1i \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gai g\u00f3c n\u00e0y?<\/i><\/p>\n

TDN<\/strong>: <\/p>\n

Ch\u00e0o anh Ph\u1ea1m Cao Ho\u00e0ng,<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1eadn hai ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111a t\u00e0i\u201d. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00ea vi\u1ebft, m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u anh ch\u1ecb em vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch vi\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1eed: v\u0103n, th\u01a1, nh\u1ea1c\u2026T\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 \u201cth\u1eed\u201d. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i kia kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c\/th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc\/nghe kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec \u201cham h\u1ed1\u201d ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ctay ngh\u1ec1\u201d cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o, th\u00e0nh th\u1eed ra, n\u00f3i th\u1eadt v\u1edbi anh, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung, t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vi\u1ebft bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o hay nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, anh n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t: s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ghi ch\u00e9p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a, suy ngh\u0129\u2026Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 khi c\u1ea3 n\u0103m. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 hay vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n, vi\u1ebft bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o hay nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi tr\u00edch d\u1eabn, hay ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi khen ng\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp t\u1ec5nh vi\u1ebft bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i m\u1edbi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft, m\u00ea tri\u1ebft, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng gai g\u00f3c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 gai g\u00f3c. Ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1eddi \u0111i d\u1ea1y, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i so\u1ea1n \u201ccours\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y, n\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung, vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n, vi\u1ebft cho ra tr\u00f2 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eb3ng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

2<\/strong>. <\/i>Khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi anh, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y anh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt anh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111am m\u00ea ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. S\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a anh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a anh cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn. <\/i><\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Anh v\u1ed1n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft. Anh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ba cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o: Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecdc<\/b>, T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef<\/b>. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc 3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng trang vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh. Xin anh vui l\u00f2ng cho  bi\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch trong b\u1ed9 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0y.<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

TDN<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u201cVi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecdc<\/b>\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 V\u0103n H\u1ecdc, V\u0103n, H\u1ee3p L\u01b0u, Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 21\u2026trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u khi t\u00f4i sang \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. M\u1ed7i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, \u00edt li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 b\u00e0i b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201ch\u01b0\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ef1c\u201d trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hay c\u00e1i \u201cm\u1edbi\u201d trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong l\u00fac \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng hay v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang cu\u1ed1n \u201cT\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3, T\u00e1c Ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Ki\u1ec7n<\/b>\u201d h\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, anh Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u00f4i gi\u1eef gi\u00f9m m\u1ee5c Tin V\u0103n<\/b> cho t\u1edd V\u0103n H\u1ecdc, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, anh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat. T\u00f4i h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi anh l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3i th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ctr\u00e1m trang\u201d. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 V\u0103n H\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, b\u00e0i v\u1edf l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n gay c\u1ea5n, v\u00ec V\u0103n H\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u1eeba lo xong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, l\u00e0 lo s\u1ed1t v\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 t\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00e0i v\u1edf m\u00e0 \u0111i kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n \u201cTin V\u0103n<\/b>\u201d, m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n 20 trang, l\u00e0 anh Gi\u00e1c y\u00ean t\u00e2m lo 140, 150 trang c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Tin V\u0103n, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3, chi\u1ebfm kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u trang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u201cm\u1ea9u tin\u201d ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 m\u1ea9u tin \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm th\u00eam t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n\u2026ba n\u0103m, t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 188 (12\/2001) \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 220(8\/2004).V\u00e0 do say s\u01b0a v\u1edbi Tin V\u0103n<\/b>, su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, t\u00f4i qu\u00ean b\u1eb5ng vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c (truy\u1ec7n), \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd anh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft Tin V\u0103n<\/b> m\u00e0 b\u1ecf s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, ph\u00ed th\u1ebf! <\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra, th\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u00ed. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong Tin V\u0103n<\/b>, v\u1ec1 sau, gi\u00fap t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o \u201cT\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3, T\u00e1c Ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Ki\u1ec7n<\/b>\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u00eat. Th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 James Joyce, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201ckh\u00f3 nu\u1ed1t\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi: n\u00f3, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u tin ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn tr\u00ean t\u1edd Guardian (Anh) kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1eebng h\u01a1n tr\u0103m ch\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ulysses c\u1ee7a James Joyce! M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 George Orwell, \u0111i\u1ec3m hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cAnimal Farm\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c1984\u201d, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u tin \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u00ean t\u1edd New York Times \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn sinh nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 100 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00e0y. \u201cAnimal Farm\u201d v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean \u00edt c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng \u201c1984\u201d th\u00ec kh\u00e1c, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t. T\u00f4i say s\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00e0i ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng 18 n\u0103m cay \u0111\u1eafng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, \u201c\u1ea8n d\u1ee5, cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef\u201d<\/b> l\u00e0 t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1eabn suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u201ckh\u00f3\u201d h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hai t\u1eadp kia nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00f4i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0 anh bi\u1ebft, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u01a1<\/b>. T\u00f4i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n ra h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 trau d\u1ed3i th\u00eam ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Internet, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc, tra c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y. Th\u00fa nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb online c\u1ee7a Amazon, Barnes and Noble (anh th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: cu\u1ed1n \u201cLa naus\u00e9e\u201d c\u1ee7a Jean Paul Sartre m\u1edbi tinh t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mua v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 4 dollars + b\u01b0u ph\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nu\u00f4i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n

3<\/strong>. <\/i>Mong r\u1eb1ng anh s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m (1975-2018)<\/b> v\u00e0 anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. Theo anh, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b>?<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

TDN<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1993 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 anh n\u00f3i, tham gia ngay v\u00e0o sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay. B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t sau:<\/p>\n

a. Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111u\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007 \u1edf California, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/b>. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi t\u00f4i, n\u1ed9i s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i<\/i> Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c<\/i> v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc – b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 y\u1ebfu hay m\u1ea1nh – t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u201chu\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n\u201d, th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i chung. <\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1975, khi t\u1ea5t t\u1ea3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ai c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t mong \u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t: s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1eeba \u00edt \u1ecfi, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba \u1edf t\u1ea3n m\u00e1c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00ec m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n tr\u00ean x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n r\u1ed3i, n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eeba n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u201cn\u00f3\u201d \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f3\u201d h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng do m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u201cngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft\u201d n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0o. \u201cN\u00f3\u201d tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i, tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng sang t\u00e2y, t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y qua n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ecd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i). Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f3\u201d c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng hay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng cho ta \u2026g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. C\u00f3 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f3 b\u00e1o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat c\u0169, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat m\u1edbi, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i.\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u1ec1n\u201d v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam 1954-1975, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t. <\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, tr\u1ea3i qua bao th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. V\u1edbi sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ra m\u1eaft s\u00e1ch, thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh hay h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trang m\u1ea1ng V\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u00f3 th\u00eam chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00fat c\u1ee7a V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00e1c, sau 1975, m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch che gi\u1ea5u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t Nam tan n\u00e1t, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ef1 do, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u01b0u vong tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

b. V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cc\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1o h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y: n\u1ebfu g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf \u0111i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebb c\u1ea3, ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda m\u1edf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

c. V\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n – v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c – m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c t\u1eed, V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam 1954-1975<\/b>. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: in l\u1ea1i (sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i) nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n tinh th\u1ea7n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111i trong l\u00fac h\u1ecd \u0111ang ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i qu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 \u201cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam\u201d g\u1ed3m 7 t\u1eadp, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, nh\u01b0 Kh\u1edfi H\u00e0nh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u01b0ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Th\u01b0 Qu\u00e1n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ea3o. V\u1edbi Th\u01b0 Qu\u00e1n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 Th\u01b0 \u1ea4n Qu\u00e1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ef1c d\u1eady. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u01b0 Qu\u00e1n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ea3o, Th\u01b0 \u1ea4n Qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Th\u01b0 qua m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i Ph\u1ecfng V\u1ea5n \u0111i tr\u00ean trang m\u1ea1ng Da M\u00e0u th\u00e1ng 4\/2010:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/11834<\/a><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111i tr\u00ean t\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nguoi-viet.com\/van-hoc-nghe-thuat\/tran-hoai-thu-nguoi-khau-di-san\/<\/a><\/p>\n

4<\/strong>. <\/i>H\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i. Do v\u1eady, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1 3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua. V\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a anh theo t\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00e1ng 10.2018, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i. Hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, ghi nh\u1eadn, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i.<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd xin c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a anh. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a anh, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c vi\u1ebft: \u201cEudora Welty m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1eef n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 th\u00edch k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u0103n nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u00e2n \u00e1i. Tr\u1ea7n Do\u00e3n Nho c\u0169ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/b>\u201d.  Anh ngh\u0129 sao v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y?<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

TDN:<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u00e0nh danh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, anh Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng hay khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau anh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi. Anh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y b\u00fat h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00f4i. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a vi\u1ebft cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995, \u201cV\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi<\/b>\u201d, kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1eebng hai n\u0103m sau khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi d\u1eabn tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i th\u00eam t\u1ef1 tin th\u00eam trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch sau n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n

5.<\/strong> <\/i>Theo anh, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hay?<\/i><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn anh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o anh h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng nh\u1ea5t? <\/i><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

TDN:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u201chay\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m phi-ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea5t ph\u01a1, tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo th\u1eddi gian\/th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, quan ni\u1ec7m\/xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u201chay\u201d v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.R\u00fat ra t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, theo t\u00f4i, <\/b>m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hay ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau:<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

– T\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u01a1i v\u0103n\u201d \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9<\/b>. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u01a1i v\u0103n\u201d, hay \u201ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef\u201d r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u, ch\u1eef khi\u1ebfn v\u0103n phong \u201cb\u1ed1c\u201d l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u01a1i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ecbp theo d\u00f5i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hay nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.\u0110\u1ecdc l\u00ean, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef mang theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ri\u00eang, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh l\u1ea1nh, \u00e2m \u1ea5m, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ngh\u00e8n ngh\u1eb9n, b\u1ee9t r\u1ee9t, ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 x\u1ed1n xang, m\u1ec9a mai\u2026. M\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hay, theo t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1i v\u0103n. <\/p>\n

– Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/b>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ef1ng truy\u1ec7n: c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng do c\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

– V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ea7y g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3<\/b>. <\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00f4i khi, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, l\u00fac r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i, t\u00f4i th\u1eed \u201cnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u201d c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u00edch v\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 hay, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra b\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3, n\u00f3i anh \u0111\u1eebng c\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch g\u00ec t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecfi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1eebng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c). H\u1ecd vi\u1ebft ra y nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a v\u0103n, \u201ch\u01a1i v\u0103n\u201d ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n. B\u1ea9m sinh ch\u0103ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 truy\u1ec7n, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n qu\u00ean h\u1eb3n \u0111i. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i truy\u1ec7n t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y hay m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 \u201cV\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi<\/b>\u201d, \u201cNg\u01a1 ng\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb th\u01a1<\/b>\u201d, \u201cB\u1eefa \u0103n<\/b>\u201d\u2026. Anh Ph\u1ea1m Cao Ho\u00e0ng hay b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0o quan t\u00e2m, xin t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

6<\/strong>. <\/i>Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Mai Th\u1ea3o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 anh: \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng l\u1eafm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng? \u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a anh v\u1ec1 TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O L\u00c0 M\u1ed8T TRUY\u1ec6N NG\u1eaeN HAY l\u00e0m t\u00f4i li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0110\u00caM M\u01a0 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Th\u01b0. \u0110\u00caM M\u01a0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Anh l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac hai vi\u1ec7c: s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o\/ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.. Li\u1ec7u hai vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng hay chi ph\u1ed1i l\u1eabn nhau m\u1ed7i khi anh ng\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/p>\n

TDN<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o hay nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 hai c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau. Trong khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n l\u1eddn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec vi\u1ebft bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cho n\u00ean, trong th\u1eddi gian vi\u1ebft bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. S\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i kia. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i kia \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n v\u0103n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t t\u00ednh \u201cl\u00fd s\u1ef1\u201d, do \u0111\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu \u0111i c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3ng, t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 b\u1ea1n v\u0103n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u201ct\u1edbi\u201d h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ghi nh\u1eadn. Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, vi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y hay lo\u1ea1i kia, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0m th\u01a1, vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea1c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u1eadt kh\u00f3 b\u1ecf: y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/b>. <\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u201cgi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d m\u00e0u m\u00e8 v\u00e0 h\u01b0 \u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

7<\/strong>. <\/i>\u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi anh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hay nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o\/ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc?<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

TDN<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o hay nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u00e0i bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o hay nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, theo t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hay nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. T\u00f4i th\u00edch hai ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e0 v\u0103n<\/b>\u201d, th\u01b0a anh Ph\u1ea1m Cao Ho\u00e0ng. N\u00f3i chung, d\u00f9 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o hay s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft v\u0103n (xu\u00f4i), n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nghe g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

PCH<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t c\u00e1m \u01a1n anh Tr\u1ea7n Do\u00e3n Nho \u0111\u00e3 vui l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. C\u00e1m \u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a anh cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i sau 1975. R\u1ea5t mong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a anh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fac anh s\u1edbm th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 ch\u00fac anh nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c projects \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\n

TI\u1ec2U S\u1eec V\u1eaeN T\u1eaeT:<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Do\u00e3n Nho, b\u00fat hi\u1ec7u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c; Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Th\u1ee5c, t\u00ean th\u1eadt, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn. Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf. Theo h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh Tri\u1ebft. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc: Ph\u1ee5 kh\u1ea3o Tri\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc V\u0103n Khoa Hu\u1ebf; \u0111i l\u00ednh: s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i VNCH; vi\u1ebft: c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i G\u00f2n: V\u0103n, T\u00e2n V\u0103n, B\u00e1ch Khoa, V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1, Kh\u1edfi H\u00e0nh, \u0110\u1ed1i Di\u1ec7n. Sau 1975, \u1edf t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn 1981. \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 1993, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho S\u1edf Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng L\u1eadp Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1 Worcester, bang Massachusetts. C\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea5y h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i: V\u0103n H\u1ecdc, V\u0103n, H\u1ee3p L\u01b0u, Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 21 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng: Da M\u00e0u, Gi\u00f3-O, Talawas, Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7, Di\u1ec5n \u0110\u00e0n Forum, Bauxite Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 8 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: 2 t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn (V\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi, C\u0103n ph\u00f2ng thao th\u1ee9c<\/b>), 1 t\u1eadp k\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f9y b\u00fat (Loanh quanh nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b>), 1 t\u1ea1p b\u00fat (T\u1eeb \u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c<\/b>), 1 truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i (D\u1eb7m tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b>), 3 t\u1eadp bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecdc<\/b>, T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/b>, \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef<\/b>); B\u00fat k\u00fd M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam<\/b> (One Night) trong t\u1eadp Loanh quanh nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch \u0111\u0103ng \u1edf t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Meanjin, Melbourne University, s\u1ed1 2, 2015, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3: T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Qu\u1ef3nh Du.Hi\u1ec7n c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Dallas, thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u bang Texas.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u1ea7n Do\u00e3n Nho: M\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hay ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau: (1)T\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u01a1i v\u0103n\u201d \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9; (2) th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. C\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3; (3) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ea7y g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":692,"featured_media":51462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[136,50,133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gioi-thieu-tac-gia","category-gioi-thieu-tac-pham","category-phong-van"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/692"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51463"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51465,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51463\/revisions\/51465"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}