{"id":4931,"date":"2009-03-27T00:24:00","date_gmt":"2009-03-27T00:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/4931"},"modified":"2022-02-23T10:30:54","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T10:30:54","slug":"tren-nhung-lop-song-cua-mua-bien-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/4931\/tren-nhung-lop-song-cua-mua-bien-dong","title":{"rendered":"Tr&ecirc;n Nh\u1eefng L\u1edbp S&oacute;ng C\u1ee7a M&ugrave;a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>(B\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <\/em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng <em>c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi<\/em>\u00e1<em>c t\u1ea1i George Mason University, Washington, D.C., ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 11, 1989)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>L\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: B\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n <\/em>Da M\u00e0u<em> n\u00e0y (b\u00e0i \u201c<\/em>N\u1ed7i b\u0103n kho\u0103n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c\u201d<em>), \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 1984 v\u00e0 1989. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. D\u00f9 sao, \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u0169 n\u00e0y, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i s\u1eed t\u00ednh \u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft c\u1eaft tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian, tr\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 in d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef. (bvp)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt c\u00e1m \u01a1n Ban T\u1ed5 Ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c trong bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n<p><em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. N\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n ghi l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4, 1975, v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh sau th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u\u2013b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u2013nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch chung quy\u1ebft, \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1eafp s\u1eeda tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. (S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, trong ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u00f4m nay, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00f4m nay, nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u l\u1eafng h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1 l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>\u2013hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 h\u01a1n, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>\u2013l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t t\u00e1n. <em>Th\u1ea5t<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>t\u00e1n<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u theo l\u1ed1i \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong <em>La Guerre et la Paix<\/em> (Chi\u1ebfn Tranh v\u00e0 H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh) c\u1ee7a Leo Tolstoy l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00f3i chung; nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Chekov l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian; nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong k\u1ecbch\u2013v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, truy\u1ec7n\u2013 <em>Rain (M\u01b0a)<\/em> c\u1ee7a Somerset Maugham l\u00e0 c\u01a1n m\u01b0a, c\u01a1n m\u01b0a d\u1eb1ng dai, t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c v\u00e0 bi th\u1ea3m t\u1ea1i Pago Pago, \u0111\u1ecba danh m\u00e0 Maugham \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong <em>A Farewell to Arms (Gi\u00e3 T\u1eeb V\u0169 Kh\u00ed)<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hemingway c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1n m\u01b0a, c\u01a1n m\u01b0a tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean, \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u0111e d\u1ecda, v\u00e0 mang theo h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m trang s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady th\u00ec, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t t\u00e1n. <em>Th\u1ea5t<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>t\u00e1n<\/em>. M\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tan. M\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, t\u00e0n r\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 tan v\u1ee1, tan r\u00e3, tan t\u00e1c. M\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tan, v\u00e0 tan l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. M\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tan nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, tan v\u1ee1, tan t\u00e1c, tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta trong su\u1ed1t bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u00f4m \u1ea5p trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan t\u00e1c, b\u1ecb l\u0103n \u0111i tung t\u00f3e b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1m h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u00f4m l\u1ea5y qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, hay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh cho s\u00f3ng v\u00f9i, cho bi\u1ec3n d\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tan v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t, m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tan \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng trong c\u01a1n l\u1ed1c xo\u00e1y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111em tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y qua nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1i <em>t\u00e1n<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i <em>t\u1ee5<\/em>. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1i <em>m\u1ea5t<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i <em>tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/em>, <em>c\u00e1i c\u00f2n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/em>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em> li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>Theo t\u00f4i, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. C\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e2u v\u0103n, \u1edf \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t, \u1edf dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, \u1edf h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda. V\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p>Trong <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mang n\u00e9t ph\u1ea3n di\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt mang m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3n di\u1ec7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng M\u00e3n, \u00f4ng Thanh Tuy\u1ebfn, L\u00e3ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3n di\u1ec7n (*).<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, tr\u00e1i ch\u1ed1ng h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng, hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi chan ch\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1eb1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1eeda, c\u1ee7a \u0111en v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi \u1ea5y l\u00e0m b\u1eadt l\u00ean c\u00e1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, quan ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1 cao trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi n\u00e0y, c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>, d\u00f9 sao, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa. Trong <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n (x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng) v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1i l\u00f5i, hay h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Lu\u00f4n ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng trong l\u00f2ng T\u01b0\u1eddng, qua m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc ao l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n (d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n m\u1edd m\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a anh ta l\u00fac x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3).<\/p>\n<p>Trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Jean Valjan trong <em>Les Mis\u00e9rables (Nh\u1eefng K\u1ebb Kh\u1ed1n C\u00f9ng)<\/em> c\u1ee7a Victor Hugo, Andrei trong <em>La Guerre et la Paix<\/em> (Chi\u1ebfn Tranh v\u00e0 H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh) c\u1ee7a Leo Tolstoy; Raskolnikov trong <em>Crime and Punishment<\/em> (T\u1ed9i \u00c1c v\u00e0 H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t) c\u1ee7a Dostoievsky, T\u00f4n Ng\u1ed9 Kh\u00f4ng trong <em>T\u00e2y Du Di\u1ec5n Ngh\u0129a<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u1eeba \u00c2n, \u1ea2 Q trong <em>\u1ea2 Q Ch\u00ednh Truy\u1ec7n<\/em> c\u1ee7a L\u1ed7 T\u1ea5n&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh trong <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u00f4ng M\u00e3n, L\u00e3ng, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Thanh Tuy\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c t\u00edn ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt theo ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3, s\u01a1 ph\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y bao qu\u00e1t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng M\u00e3n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi c\u01a1, m\u01b0u m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cfence sitter\u201d,<\/em> k\u1ebb ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 xem gi\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0o th\u00ec che chi\u1ec1u n\u1ea5y. L\u00e3ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lanh, l\u00e1u, th\u00e1o v\u00e1t, c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u01b0u c\u01a1, ti\u1ec3u x\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5t anh kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u xa. \u00d4ng Thanh Tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb chao \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n \u0111i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 b\u1ecb d\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00f4-\u0111\u1ecbnh-h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c treo l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1edb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201cgi\u1eadt d\u00e2y\u201d. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt M\u00e3n v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 n\u00e0y (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9, \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c, M\u00e3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng).<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u01b0 Di\u1ec5m, Nam, Qu\u1ef3nh Nh\u01b0, Qu\u1ef3nh Trang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Trong ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng\u2014qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kinh qua v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u2014c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, nh\u1eefng b\u1eebng th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. V\u00e0, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t con k\u00ecnh ng\u01b0 (t\u00f4i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn con k\u00ecnh ng\u01b0 trong truy\u1ec7n <em>\u00d4ng Gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n C\u1ea3<\/em> c\u1ee7a Hemingway), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 theo m\u00ecnh, k\u00e9o t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Trong kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean, Ki\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch. Trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ki\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0u, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n v\u1edbi gi\u00f3 b\u00e3o b\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng nh\u1ed3i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 M\u00e3n v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4, Ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1eddng, Di\u1ec5m v\u00e0 Nam, Qu\u1ef3nh Trang v\u00e0 Qu\u1ef3nh Nh\u01b0&#8230; \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u00e0y th\u00eam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e0i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung. \u0110i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda s\u00e2u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t dao m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 qua nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung quanh, m\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m x\u00f4 d\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed3i c\u1ed1. M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t, trong phong c\u00e1ch, trong c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00fang, n\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e9t sau, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1 s\u01b0 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e1t dao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ea7n n\u00ean v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n, c\u00e1i l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n theo l\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 theo l\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quay \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 khi \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ch suy ngh\u0129 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m theo l\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n; c\u00f3 khi \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 hay l\u1ed1i ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd&#8230; V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn, t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00ea d\u1ecbch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00ea d\u1ecbch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u1ea5y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn. L\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay \u1edf M\u1ef9). Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u1ea1n M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n (trong cu\u1ed1n 5), v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u00fat qu\u00e2n (trong cu\u1ed1n ch\u00f3t) qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c hay Vi\u1ec7t Nam). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng l\u00fang t\u00fang, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi l\u1ed9t t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ed3ng n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed1n 4, <em>B\u00e8o Gi\u1ea1t<\/em>. T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, qua b\u1ed9 <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tham v\u1ecdng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn: ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n dung tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf ch\u1ed7, trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea5y, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1eadt l\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n dung tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i lan man v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00e0n lan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng mu\u00f4n m\u00e0u \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho m\u00ecnh c\u00e1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb d\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u00e0n lan m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em> d\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p nguy c\u01a1 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u00fac c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, trong <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn nh\u00ecn ra c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch), nh\u01b0ng <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>, d\u00f9 sao, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung, \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u2013v\u1ed1n, ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4, m\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ng\u1ed5n ngang c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2013th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00eam n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u1edf ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, <em>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t y\u1ebfu. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m (nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong), v\u00e0, c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong d\u00f2ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1m \u01a1n qu\u00fd v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>__________________________________<\/p>\n<p>(*) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <em>The Art of Reading the Novel<\/em> c\u1ee7a Philip Freund v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh <em>L\u00ed Lu\u1eadn V\u0103n H\u1ecdc<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc S\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1987)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f9a Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. N\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n ghi l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4, 1975, v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh sau th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":829,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,30,32,8],"tags":[391],"class_list":["post-4931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-chuyen-de","category-nguyen-mong-giac","category-phe-binh","tag-nguyen-mong-giac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/829"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4931"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55796,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4931\/revisions\/55796"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}