{"id":4900,"date":"2009-03-26T00:02:10","date_gmt":"2009-03-26T00:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/4900"},"modified":"2022-02-23T10:31:01","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T10:31:01","slug":"doc-sach-mua-bien-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/4900\/doc-sach-mua-bien-dong","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch: M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>I.<\/p>\n<p><em>Une saison d\u2019homme<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Entre deux mar\u00e9es<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Quelque chose comme<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Un chant \u00e9gar\u00e9<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Aragon<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c v\u1eeba cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong><a name=\"_ftnref1_9746\"><\/a>, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, g\u1ed3m n\u0103m t\u1eadp, 1800 trang, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam, sau <strong><em>C\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n<\/em><\/strong><a name=\"_ftnref2_9746\"><\/a>, c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t. T\u1eadp m\u1ed9t, <strong><em>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m<\/em><\/strong>, in n\u0103m 1984, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n hai l\u1ea7n, <strong><em>B\u00e3o n\u1ed5i<\/em><\/strong> (1985) c\u0169ng v\u1eady; t\u1eadp ba mang t\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, 1986, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n. <strong><em>B\u00e8o gi\u1ea1t<\/em><\/strong> in n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, 1988, th\u00ec n\u0103m sau t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho in t\u1eadp cu\u1ed1i, d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 <strong><em>Tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng khen ch\u00ea t\u00f9y h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea9n th\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1eebng t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t, theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u0103m t\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean n\u00f3i chung \u2013 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00e8m.<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c sinh n\u0103m 1940 t\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m in t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975: Ba truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i, hai t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn. V\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1981, \u00f4ng kh\u1edfi vi\u1ebft <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> ngay t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Kuku, v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: trong t\u00e1m n\u0103m tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec1 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh nhai, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i, hai t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn<a name=\"_ftnref3_9746\"><\/a> v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. T\u1eeb 1985, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <strong>V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/strong>, t\u1eeb 1986 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 <strong>V\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/strong>, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 hay nh\u1ea5t, so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c c\u1ea3 trong l\u1eabn ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi vi\u1ebft xong \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1ea3nh n\u1ee3 <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> &#8211; Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1: <sup>\u00ab<\/sup><em>T\u1eeb b\u1ea3y n\u0103m nay, t\u00f4i v\u1eeba vi\u1ebft v\u1eeba lo \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y, v\u1eeba t\u1ef1 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n in m\u1ea5y b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i n\u00e0y, trong khi v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh th\u00ec gi\u1edd cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng\u2026 Xin b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tim \u00f3c t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/em><sup>\u00bb<a name=\"_ftnref4_9746\"><\/a><\/sup>. M\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u1ea5y, \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u vong, \u0111\u00e1ng cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u1ea3n. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111i; \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, quay chung quanh m\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, thu\u1ed9c ba gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf Hu\u1ebf. <sup>\u00ab<\/sup><em>T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n qua cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ba gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m b\u1ec3 d\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam, t\u1eeb l\u00fac ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean<\/em> <sup>\u00bb4<\/sup> \u2013 1981.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3, b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong non hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 khi tr\u00f9ng t\u00ean th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a [m\u1ed9t] th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong chi\u1ebfn tranh [\u2026], cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i theo m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 tha ph\u01b0\u01a1ng <sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em><a name=\"_ftnref5_9746\"><\/a> (nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>tha ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<sup>\u00bb<\/sup>).<\/p>\n<p>Hai t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u, <strong><em>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m<\/em><\/strong> (1984) v\u00e0 <strong><em>B\u00e3o n\u1ed5i<\/em><\/strong> (1985), g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i phong tr\u00e0o tranh \u0111\u1ea5u mi\u1ec1n Trung kho\u1ea3ng 1964-67 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, x\u00f4 x\u00e1t, tuy\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, xe t\u0103ng l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p\u2026. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, trung th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i hay l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp thanh ni\u00ean: h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd, v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00ec c\u01a1n b\u00e3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i t\u1ea1t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y, ch\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 do trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi hai t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t tr\u00ean v\u00e0i t\u1edd b\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i h\u1ecd ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c o b\u1ebf nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng, sau n\u00e0y theo M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00f4i b\u00e1c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n qua nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00e3ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng cho phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v. v. Khi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 qua hai cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft <strong><em>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m<\/em><\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong><em>B\u00e3o n\u1ed5i<\/em><\/strong> v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng tha thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n; n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e2ng niu s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y hay nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kia, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con \u2013 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 con h\u01b0. M\u00e0 d\u00f9 trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng ch\u00fat t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o tranh \u0111\u1ea5u mi\u1ec1n Trung 1964-67, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n, khi \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00e0i ch\u00e9m treo ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111ao ph\u1ee7 hay l\u00f2ng y\u00eau ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cai ng\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0a ngh\u1ec1 \u0111ao ph\u1ee7 hay cai ng\u1ee5c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e2n v\u00ea m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nh\u1eadt Ti\u1ebfn y\u00eau th\u00edch hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do s\u00e2u s\u1eafc <a name=\"_ftnref6_9746\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng th\u1ea5m \u0111\u00f2n. \u0110\u1ebfn <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, t\u1eadp 3 (1986, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang), \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>gi\u1eef v\u00f5<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968 t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>x\u1eed l\u00fd<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> ch\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft; t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1p ch\u00f3t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a phe gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 an t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968 t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y nay ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u: t\u1eeb <strong><em>Gi\u1ea3i kh\u0103n s\u00f4 cho Hu\u1ebf<\/em><\/strong> (1969), <strong><em>T\u00ecnh ca cho Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t<\/em><\/strong> (1967) c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e3 Ca, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00fat k\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng trong <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ee7 Ng\u1ecdc T\u01b0\u1eddng (<strong><em>Ng\u00f4i sao tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Phu V\u0103n L\u00e2u<\/em><\/strong>, 1971), hay Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1eafc Xu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Quang H\u00e0, T\u00f4 Nhu\u1eadn V\u1ef9 (<strong><em>Hu\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u1ed5i d\u1eady<\/em><\/strong>, 1979), ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea Ch\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00ednh \u1ee7y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Hu\u1ebf th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 (<strong><em>\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o xu\u00e2n<\/em><\/strong>, 1979). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3i k\u00fd m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed3ng, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd H\u1ea3i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea Minh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n <strong><em>The battle for the Tet 1968<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a Keith William Nolan.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng III<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay, qua thu\u1eadt k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh, ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e9o g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hu\u1ebf trung b\u00ecnh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ba th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng: Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ee7 Ng\u1ecdc T\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft b\u00fat k\u00fd, L\u00ea Ch\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ebft h\u1ed3i k\u00fd, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. H\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> hay v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan s\u00e1t, hay c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf h\u00e0nh v\u0103n, \u1edf th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn <strong><em>B\u00e8o gi\u1ea1t<\/em><\/strong>, t\u1eadp 4, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ee3 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 xong trong hai cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00e2n o\u00e1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n minh v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n 3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng gian: t\u1eeb Hu\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o Qui Nh\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng im \u1eafng h\u01a1n: k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n \u0111ang k\u00e9o da non th\u00e0nh s\u1eb9o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lo l\u1eafng cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb 1968 \u0111\u1ebfn Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris 1973: Ng\u1eef, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1 s\u0129 quan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a t\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, h\u1ecdc th\u00eam, thi t\u00fa t\u00e0i, v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u0129 quan Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u khu Quy Nh\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1edbt c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a hai t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa hai l\u1eb1n \u0111\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong t\u1eadp 3. <strong><em>B\u00e8o gi\u1ea1t<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian h\u00f2a h\u1ed9i Paris. Cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, t\u00ecnh gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n xen k\u1ebd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1. L\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, linh ho\u1ea1t, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n, <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> h\u01a1n; c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tho\u00e1t ly ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00ea d\u1ecbch, sinh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, <strong><em>B\u00e8o gi\u1ea1t<\/em><\/strong> c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1: tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi ba t\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u1eb7ng tr\u0129u th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1eddng, Ng\u00f4, Nam, b\u01b0\u1edbc sang <strong><em>B\u00e8o gi\u1ea1t<\/em><\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng khi nghe c\u00e1c \u00f4ng trung t\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng canh m\u1ea1t ch\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng: t\u1ec9nh l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, t\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kia. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970-73 mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u00fac quanh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: h\u00f2a h\u1ed9i Paris, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ecf l\u1eeda, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i\u2026 T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i n\u1eefa, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1eabn mong \u0111\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2m vang h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 v\u1edbt l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m (tr. 1076), v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n (tr. 1080) \u2013 c\u1ea3 hai nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn <strong><em>B\u00e8o gi\u1ea1t<\/em><\/strong>, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n (tr. 1068), ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng trang vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1eeba d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, v\u1eeba s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i vi ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, <strong><em>B\u00e8o gi\u1ea1t<\/em><\/strong> d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n ba cu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edd l\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 &#8211; m\u1ed9t Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c b\u1edbt say \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e0 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1eabn thi\u1ebft tha, \u0111\u1eb1m th\u1eafm: ti\u1ebfng c\u1eeda s\u1eaft m\u1edf h\u00e9 \u1edf t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n <strong>B\u00e1ch Khoa<\/strong>; ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y ch\u1eef l\u00f3c c\u00f3c gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng \u00ec \u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y in, \u1edf t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n b\u00e1o <strong>V\u0103n<\/strong>, hai ch\u1eef <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> \u1edf cu\u1ed1i th\u01b0, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n g\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng da di\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i: ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u y\u00eau, y\u00eau cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, y\u00eau v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qua nh\u1eefng \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 nay, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, sau bao nhi\u00eau m\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi trong t\u00f4i b\u1ed7ng \u00e1nh \u1ecfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng chim v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u0169.<\/p>\n<p>29\/1\/1990<\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Vivre est un village<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>O\u00f9 j\u2019ai mal r\u00eav\u00e9<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Aragon<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> t\u1eadp 5, <strong><em>Tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u1eadp cu\u1ed1i, d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n 600 trang, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd ra sao, qua cu\u1ed9c <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>\u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> th\u00e1ng 4-1975.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp, xen k\u1ebd v\u00e0o nhau, g\u1ed3m n\u0103m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>r\u00fat lui chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> ra kh\u1ecfi Cao nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 124-142)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n trong \u00e2u lo, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, chuy\u1ec7n di t\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 143-155)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Sau ng\u00e0y 30-4-1975: c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh, Ng\u1eef, L\u00e3ng, T\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, k\u1ebb tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb ph\u00eda n\u00e0y, k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda kia, h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ee3 con, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 156-161).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng cho sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 161-166) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, va ch\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi Ng\u00f4 t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 167-173).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang S\u00e0i G\u00f2n chi\u1ebfm tr\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i: nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o; s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t, chao \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 T\u00e1m L\u00faa, Ng\u00f4, M\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o trang cu\u1ed1i, Ng\u1eef v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean, b\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 174-186).<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u01b0\u1eddi hai trang gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0y t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 trong <sup>\u00ab<\/sup><em>l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean<\/em><sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean x\u00f2e ra v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 nh\u01b0 n\u0103m ng\u00f3n tay tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay; <strong><em>Tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hay, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, linh \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu xem <strong><em>Tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f3n tay, ng\u00f3n \u00fat c\u1ee7a <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>\u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u00fd th\u00fa h\u01a1n, v\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01a1 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm, t\u1eeb <strong><em>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n l\u00ednh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng II v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng I chi\u1ebfn th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1edf nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 hai cu\u1ed9c r\u00fat qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c d\u1ef1a theo cu\u1ed1n <strong><em>Ng\u00e0y N<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Kh\u1edfi Phong, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3nh \u1edf Pleiku, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n <strong><em>Th\u00e1ng ba g\u00e3y s\u00fang<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a Cao Xu\u00e2n Huy, c\u1ef1u s\u0129 quan th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n l\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. <sup>\u00ab<\/sup> <em>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Cao Xu\u00e2n Huy v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Kh\u1edfi Phong l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c<\/em> <em>gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i trong hai \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c r\u00fat lui tr\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh l\u1ed9 7 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tan h\u00e0ng \u1edf Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean n\u0103m 1975<\/em> <sup>\u00bb<\/sup> (tr.1859).<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 sao, vi\u1ebft theo t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c. Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>T\u00f4i thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 [\u2026]. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 ng\u00f2i b\u00fat t\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1eadp ng\u1eebng, l\u00fang t\u00fang.<\/em><sup>\u00bb<\/sup> (tr.1858). L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa l\u1eddi t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng v\u1eady, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng c\u1ea5m. Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>con tem<sup>\u00bb<\/sup>, ch\u1ec9 v\u1eady th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> th\u00ec l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a minh l\u0103n l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u0103n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t: trong cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y bi \u0111\u00e1t tr\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh l\u1ed9 7B, trung \u00fay Ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t, l\u1ea9n th\u1ea9n. Trong cu\u1ed9c r\u00e3 ng\u0169 t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, L\u00e3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f4n v\u1eb7t, chu\u1ed3i cho s\u1ebfp m\u00ecnh n\u1eafm ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang l\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec \u2013 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c lu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 m\u00e0 lu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00edn. Su\u1ed1i non hai tr\u0103m trang, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay Vinh, trung \u00fay Huy \u2013 ngo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tan r\u00e3, ng\u00f2i b\u00fat Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u00fang t\u00fang, nh\u1ea1t lo\u00e3ng, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n: \u00f4ng ph\u1edbt l\u1edd nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u00f4i, nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>l\u00fac 11 gi\u1edd 55 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm dinh \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1512). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00fat ph\u00e1p Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c. \u00d4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e1ng tin, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn bi \u0111\u00e1t: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e0 trung t\u00e1 Thanh \u0103n c\u1eafp m\u1eafm s\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef3nh Trang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng (tr.1733). V\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ch\u1ed7 d\u00ed d\u1ecfm (humour), u m\u1eb7c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng cay chua, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m.Nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n Qu\u1ef3nh Trang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ch\u1ed3ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00fai v\u1ea3i em may \u0111\u1ec3 anh d\u00f9ng pha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. C\u00e1i g\u00f3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ed9p t\u0103m em \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1ed9c ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed vi tr\u00f9ng. T\u0103m tre t\u1ee5i Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0, em c\u00f3 t\u1edbi, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, d\u01a1 d\u00e1y l\u1eafm, m\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng t\u0103m d\u01a1 x\u1ec9a r\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1633). L\u1ed1i h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh ki\u1ec3u \u0103ng-l\u00ea n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p trong v\u0103n Nh\u1ea5t Linh, c\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e0ng hi\u1ebfm. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ed9ng dao chu\u1ed9ng b\u00faa, ch\u1eafc \u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa, c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt <em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>, tuy \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, tru\u00e2n chuy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai x\u1ea5u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf hi\u1ec1n, g\u1eb7p l\u00e0nh: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong phong c\u00e1ch Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam su\u1ed1t trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y, kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1 d\u1ee5 ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee1 qu\u00e1. Mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0n c\u00e3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c: t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay Th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn; \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a M\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean; t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00f4 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, \u0111\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ng\u1eef ch\u1ebft\u2026 l\u1eb9 qu\u00e1, ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft l\u00e3ng x\u1eb9t; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho Ng\u1eef ch\u1ebft l\u1eb9 cho xong chuy\u1ec7n v\u00ec \u2026 l\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 sai.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch, v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n sinh s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 hay, l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1975-80. C\u00f3 gian kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y, lam l\u0169, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00f2i b\u00fat. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5, ph\u00e1i b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay b\u00ean kia, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>ghi l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u00f4i, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh, r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00f9i d\u1eadp<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1851), <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>c\u00e1i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp tu\u1ed5i t\u00f4i <sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (trang cu\u1ed1i).<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong d\u1ee5ng \u00fd, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u2026th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp thanh ni\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c trung l\u01b0u \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hai l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 quan, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. N\u00f3i chi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7? C\u00f3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00ec to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i, th\u00e0nh danh ho\u1eb7c \u2026 th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> cho ta c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. L\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<sup>\u00bb<\/sup>, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh. L\u1ea5y Ng\u1eef v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u1eef, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 o b\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn, h\u1ebft vin v\u00e0o \u00f4ng t\u00e1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00f4ng t\u00e1 kia, h\u1ebft t\u00e1 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Mang danh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, Ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch g\u00ec, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft th\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat. M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o tay v\u1ee3; sau khi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0i ba n\u0103m, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ee3 mua s\u1eb5n cho m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf B\u1ea3o Ch\u00e1nh, g\u1ea7n ga xe l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Xu\u00e2n L\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ng\u1eef c\u00e0y cu\u1ed1c bao nhi\u00eau, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ch\u00e0ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, ng\u00e2m th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01a1 T\u1ed1ng, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00f4 Di\u1ec5m, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u0169 gh\u00e9 qu, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>m\u00f9i da th\u1ecbt tr\u00ean n\u1ebfp ch\u0103n [\u2026]s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c m\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean g\u1ed1i, [\u2026] th\u1ecfi son Elizabeth Arden c\u00f2n b\u1ecf qu\u00ean<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1791). Ch\u00e1n l\u00e0m r\u1eaby th\u00ec v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1p x\u00edch l\u00f4, c\u00f3 v\u00e1 b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u1ea1p\u2026 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nh\u1edd v\u1ee3 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n sau l\u01b0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4 em g\u00e1i \u1edf M\u1ef9 g\u1eedi qu\u00e0 v\u1ec1. L\u00fac v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean l\u00e0 do v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh thu x\u1ebfp, c\u00f2n Ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 \u00ab chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ra \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u00e3ng \u0111\u00e3ng t\u00e0i t\u1eed \u00bb (tr.1834). Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ng\u1eef n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n: <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>Ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh, m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o, d\u00e1m b\u01b0\u1edbc ra ngo\u00e0i lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, d\u00e1m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1eed th\u00e1ch [\u2026] \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng [\u2026] Ng\u1eef thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, l\u1eb7n trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00f4 danh, vui bu\u1ed3n theo nh\u1eefng vui bu\u1ed3n v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y t\u1eebng gi\u1edd. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho c\u00e1i t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1734).<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang qu\u00e1. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y v\u1eady r\u1ed3i, sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t ra chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em>, trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n?<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u1eef \u2013 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u2013 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau ng\u00e0y 30-4-1975 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>b\u1ebd b\u00e0ng l\u01a1 l\u00e1o nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1829), th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb, khai tr\u1eeb, \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec thua tr\u1eadn l\u00e0 g\u00e1n cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e2n ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a Ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m su\u1ed1t 2 000 trang gi\u1ea5y. M\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em>. Gi\u00e1 d\u1ee5 <sup>\u00ab<\/sup> th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ra sao? <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>N\u1ebfu mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1eefa, qua v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong cu\u1ed1n b\u1ed1n. L\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i.<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> <sup><a name=\"_ftnref7_9746\"><\/a><\/sup>*). Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u2026 n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>ph\u00e1i b\u00ean kia<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat v\u00e0o c\u01a1n b\u00e3o l\u1eeda ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1963-66, T\u01b0\u1eddng <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>nh\u1ea3y n\u00fai<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> \u2013 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean kh\u00e1c \u2013, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0o thai trong b\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau, c\u00f4 Nam, em Ng\u1eef. T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n, 1968, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng co ro, m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t, s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t; v\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1ebfch nh\u00e1c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, n\u0103m 1975, l\u00e0m c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n, r\u1ed3i xin sang tuy\u00ean hu\u1ea5n. T\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9, c\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n uy th\u00ec n\u00edn khe, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ch\u1eedi b\u1edbi anh em c\u0169. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ef5 l\u1ee5y, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng thu\u1edf n\u1eafm micr\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, xem th\u01b0\u1eddng xe t\u0103ng, l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi v\u1ee3 con, T\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng h\u1eefng h\u1edd, ch\u1eafp v\u00e1, v\u00ec l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec t\u00ecnh. B\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, T\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u00e9 Th\u00fay, \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i m\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i \u2013 gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u2013 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 sang s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd em g\u00e1i l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef3nh Nh\u01b0, l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng M\u1ef9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng CIA. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf T\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Cho r\u1eb1ng T\u01b0\u1eddng <sup>\u00ab<\/sup><em>th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/em><sup>\u00bb<\/sup> l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng T\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho <sup>\u00ab<\/sup><em>th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/em><sup>\u00bb<\/sup>. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi Ng\u1eef, <sup>\u00ab<\/sup><em>T\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1t: <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>V\u1eady m\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i g\u00ec?<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ed1i c\u1ee5t.<\/em><sup>\u00bb<\/sup> (tr.244). \u0110o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd T\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u01b0? T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 hy sinh cho v\u1ee3 con, cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ebfn, c\u00f2n th\u1edf d\u00e0i than v\u1eafn g\u00ec n\u1eefa? Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1eddng nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c cho anh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb anh ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, th\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i hay th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>\u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u mang chung m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m u u\u1ea5t: Ng\u00f4 \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1eddi; M\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ed1t c\u00e1n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n. C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i N\u0103m \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n\u2026 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang tan r\u00e3, <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><sup>\u00bb<\/sup>, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f4 danh, mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n cho th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c; ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c khi \u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 [\u2026], c\u00e1i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em>. Ch\u00fang ta, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady th\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00e1ch n\u00e1t, \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ebfn. M\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u1ea5m th\u00eda h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng xa \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u1ecf th\u00f4i, l\u00e0m t\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m: nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, th\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u1ee9 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00e0ng tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb \u1ea5y, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n. V\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1eed l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. \u0110\u1eebng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn T\u01b0\u1eddng, trong c\u01a1n cu\u1ed3ng say ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau; h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y Ng\u1eef l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>Anh ch\u00e0ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0o hoa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 v\u1ee3, Qu\u1ef3nh Trang, v\u00e0 Di\u1ec5m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh, y\u00eau tha thi\u1ebft. Ng\u1eef \u00e1i \u00e2n v\u1edbi Di\u1ec5m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 con v\u1edbi Di\u1ec5m, m\u00e0\u2026m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft (tr.1548), khi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u00e1i \u00e2n. Ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00e0ng y\u00eau v\u1ee3: <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac ta l\u1eafng nghe x\u00fac c\u1ea3m c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng cao tr\u00ean t\u1eebng th\u1edb th\u1ecbt l\u00e0n da, th\u00ec nghe Trang kh\u00f3c. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ta t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0ng r\u00ean r\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u1ea3m kho\u00e1i.<\/em><sup>\u00bb<\/sup> (tr.1786). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4 Nam l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4 Di\u1ec5m l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng gi\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. C\u00f4 Qu\u1ef3nh Trang, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh an, th\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m ng\u01a1. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f4 Qu\u1ef3nh Nh\u01b0, l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng h\u1ea9m hiu. Sao v\u1eady?<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3a hoa h\u1ed3ng c\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u0169. \u0110\u00e3 xa r\u1ed3i th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng Si\u00eau ch\u1ea7m ch\u1eadm lau b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u00f4 M\u00f9i trong <strong><em>X\u00f3m C\u1ea7u M\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Linh, th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng Tri\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a thong th\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Linh, thong th\u1ea3 \u0111u \u0111\u01b0a tr\u00ean v\u00f5ng, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng n\u1eafm tay c\u00f4 Dung trong <strong><em>Nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi th\u00ec ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eb7c, khi th\u00ec ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y. H\u1ecd \u00edt ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. Trong ba gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hu\u1ebf, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 V\u0103n, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 Thanh Tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 B\u1ed7ng l\u00e0m tam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m cho <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, th\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng b\u00e0 B\u1ed7ng, v\u1edbi ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ng\u00f4, Ng\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4 Di\u1ec5m l\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i Hu\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1edbt tha d\u1ecdc <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, Di\u1ec5m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u1ea5t. Di\u1ec5m l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng gi\u00e0u ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trao th\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thai. L\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng r\u1ed3i, c\u00f4 \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng n\u1ecd, \u00f4ng kia \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00f4n cho \u0111\u00e0i M\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. Sau ng\u00e0y 30-4-1975, Di\u1ec5m v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1eadt t\u01b0, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf t\u00f9. Gi\u1eefa hai chuy\u1ebfn \u00e1p phe, n\u00e0ng gh\u00e9 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ng\u1eef. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u00e0ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o: <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>Em kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n con c\u00e1i em ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 em v\u00ec ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i<\/em>.<em><sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1433). Di\u1ec5m c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. C\u00f2n Ng\u1ecdc, anh c\u00f4? H\u1ecdc xong y khoa, Ng\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 gi\u00e0u, mua m\u1ea5y ti\u1ec7m thu\u1ed1c T\u00e2y \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, sang M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u ru\u1ed9t (con Di\u1ec5m) c\u0169ng b\u1ecf r\u01a1i\u2026 C\u00f2n \u00f4ng B\u1ed7ng, b\u00e0 B\u1ed7ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt xo\u00e0ng. C\u00e1i kh\u00f3 n\u00f3 b\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u0103ng? H\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n oan cho Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, v\u00ec trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: Di\u1ec5m l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u00e2u y\u1ebfm, nu\u00f4ng chi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1ea5t trong <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>con chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con h\u01b0<sup>\u00bb<\/sup>, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb bu\u00f4n th\u00fang b\u00e1n b\u01b0ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 <sup>\u00ab<\/sup><em>l\u0169y tre c\u00f2m t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i<\/em><sup>\u00bb<\/sup> nh\u01b0 trong nh\u1ea1c Ph\u1ea1m Duy, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 <sup>\u00ab<\/sup><em>b\u00f3ng cau v\u1edbi con thuy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng<\/em><sup>\u00bb<\/sup> nh\u01b0 trong V\u0103n Cao. Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng h\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf: <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>M\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecfa m\u00e1i khi n\u00f3i, ngh\u0129, vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i [\u2026]. Qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y th\u1ecfa m\u00e1i trong gi\u1edbi t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft g\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> <sup>(*)<\/sup>. Ch\u00fang ta qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng: khi v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e1i; kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng s\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao, th\u00ec b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng? <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u \u00fd n\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng m\u1ec7ng, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i\u2026 H\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng [\u2026]. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m \u0111a s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i.<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1855). Nh\u1eefng Ng\u1eef, T\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u01b0? Hay l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, micr\u00f4 n\u00e0o, t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0o, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nghe h\u1ecd ra r\u1ea3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m? H\u1ecd l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ch\u1ec9nh trang qu\u1eadn 8, t\u00e2m ca \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng tay l\u1edbn, du ca \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t \u00e1t ti\u1ebfng bom, nghe h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111inh tai nh\u1ee9c \u00f3c, sao b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i? C\u00f2n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u00ec h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 ai vi\u1ebft n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng th\u1edf d\u00e0i n\u00e0o trong c\u01a1n x\u00f4n xao v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>. V\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>anh nh\u00e0 qu\u00ea l\u00fang ta l\u00fang t\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9ng x\u1edb r\u1edb cho c\u00e1c quan tr\u00ean sai v\u1eb7t<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1069). Nh\u1ea5t Linh vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u v\u1ec1 Hai L\u1eabm m\u00e0 b\u1ecb mang ti\u1ebfng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb sao? Trong su\u1ed1t n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5. Nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o: <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>H\u1ecd n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tu\u1ea7n h\u1ecd gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecd n\u1eafm <sup>\u00ab<\/sup>gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng<sup>\u00bb<\/sup> \u1ea5y trong tay. C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n qu\u00ea ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec c\u00e1i tham v\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u1ea9n \u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp \u1ea5y.<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1079).<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, may thay, \u00edt c\u00f3 trong s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i xin ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3p \u00fd v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 hai chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1ee5 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, kho\u1ea3ng 1970, t\u1ea1i <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>x\u00e3 Nh\u01a1n M\u1ef9, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i x\u00f4i \u0111\u1eadu<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em>, <sup><em>\u00ab<\/em><\/sup><em>t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 th\u1eadt d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1137), nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed: <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ec7m ch\u1ea1p ph\u00f4 g\u1ed1c Hoa tr\u1ed1n l\u00ednh, \u00f4ng y s\u1ef9 qu\u00e2n y m\u1edf ph\u00f2ng m\u1ea1ch t\u01b0 h\u1ed1t b\u1ea1c<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> (tr.1138). Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh r\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i, 1920, 1930\u2026 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4n x\u00e3 Trung k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, tranh c\u1eed, tranh ch\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea7u d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7; v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n qu\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o d\u00e2n v\u1ec7 c\u1ea7m s\u00fang ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng hay \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m nu\u00f4i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu. V\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y<\/em> <sup>\u00bb<\/sup> (tr.1158). N\u00f3i chung, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m, l\u00e0 do h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ede \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i, \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 M\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00ed, N\u0103m \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong phong tr\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean tranh \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf kho\u1ea3ng 1963-68. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, trong hai t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u1ea5t hay v\u00e0 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o? C\u00f3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf. Trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd <strong><em>\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o xu\u00e2n<\/em><\/strong>, t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea Ch\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00ednh \u1ee7y th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, cho r\u1eb1ng thanh ni\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3; trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd <strong><em>Hu\u1ebf Xu\u00e2n 1968<\/em><\/strong>, t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea Minh, t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, cho r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng. Hai \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p nhau m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd?) kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. V\u00ec n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u2026 \u00f4ng L\u00ea Ch\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eafm, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u2026 trong tay \u00f4ng L\u00ea Minh ! V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, th\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eedng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 g\u00e1n cho phong tr\u00e0o tranh \u0111\u1ea5u mi\u1ec1n Trung 1963-68 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh. Ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu, n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eadm, n\u00e9t nh\u1ea1t b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhau; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh; t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eadm, g\u1ea1t \u0111i nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t nh\u1ea1t, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 b\u1ee9c tranh. Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, n\u00ean th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, <sup>\u00ab<\/sup><em>t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em> <sup>(*).<\/sup> M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh \u1edf hai \u0111i\u1ec3m: l\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n linh ho\u1ea1t, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ni\u1ec1m Nam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh: truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u2013 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u0103n\u2026 \u2013 ch\u1ec9 x\u00ea d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean hai tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e2u v\u0103n n\u00e0y, chi ti\u1ebft n\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 khen hay ch\u00ea, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 do b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf l\u1edbn lao: b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch non hai ng\u00e0n trang, vi\u1ebft trong b\u1ea3y n\u0103m (1982-89) trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0a ch\u00ecm l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n. Non hai tr\u0103m trang ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o non y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c xu th\u1eddi, n\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft nhanh nh\u1eb9n, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i g\u00ec m\u1ea5y cho l\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n. Ng\u00f2i b\u00fat linh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho \u00f3c quan s\u00e1t nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh t\u1ebf \u2013 c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n tinh qu\u00e1i. T\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y sang ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u00f3 l\u00fac thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1eadp ba v\u00e0 t\u1eadp b\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea3m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y vui. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u2013 quay chung quanh s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m \u2013 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i\u00ean. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi truy\u1ec7n V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean: \u0111\u1eddi V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean tru\u00e2n chuy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean im l\u00ecm trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ung dung, thanh tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t pho s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1963-80 khi mi\u1ec1n Nam g\u1eadp tr\u00e0n m\u00e1u l\u1eeda, m\u00e0 ng\u00f2i b\u00fat \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng cay \u0111\u1eafng. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, m\u1ec9a mai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kia, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng \u00e2n o\u00e1n, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ung dung \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i <sup>\u00ab<\/sup><em>t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 vi\u1ebft t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn<\/em><sup>\u00bb (*)<\/sup>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p. <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 anh h\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gian h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecb phi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb lich s\u1eed b\u1ebb g\u00e3y, gi\u00e0y x\u00e9o.<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gia ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n. Qu\u00e0ng cho \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng hoa \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9nh. Nh\u01b0ng <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a bao nhi\u00eau b\u00e8o gi\u1ea1t tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 phai ph\u00f4i. <strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong t\u00f4i \u00e2m hao b\u00e0i h\u00e1t Jean Ferrat ph\u1ed5 nh\u1ea1c Aragon: <em><sup>\u00ab<\/sup>une saison d\u2019homme, entre deux mar\u00e9es\u2026 Quelque chose comme un chant \u00e9gar\u00e9\u2026 Au bout de mon \u00e2ge\u2026 Qu\u2019aurais-je trouv\u00e9\u2026Vivre est un village\u2026 O\u00f9 j\u2019ai mal r\u00eav\u00e9\u2026<sup>\u00bb<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>M\u1ed9t m\u00f9a ng\u01b0\u1eddi.. gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>C\u00f3 ch\u00fat l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng.. nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t b\u01a1 v\u01a1\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec\u2026 khi bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u x\u1ebf b\u00f3ng\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>S\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4n l\u00e0ng\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u00f4i l\u1ed7i m\u1ed9ng l\u1ea7m m\u01a1\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>7-5-1990<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<a name=\"_ftn1_9746\"><\/a><strong><em>M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong>, n\u0103m t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e0 V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 (California) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n; t\u1eadp cu\u1ed1i <strong><em>Tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/strong>, 1989, gi\u00e1 21 \u0111\u00f4la M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: P. O. Box 2301, Westminster, CA 92683, USA.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn2_9746\"><\/a><strong><em>C\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n<\/em><\/strong>, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 <strong><em>S\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m<\/em><\/strong> (1961), <strong><em>C\u01a1n b\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn<\/em><\/strong> (1967), <strong><em>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111en t\u1ed1i<\/em><\/strong> (1973), <strong><em>Khi \u0111\u1ee9a con ra \u0111\u1eddi<\/em><\/strong> (1976), \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Ri\u00eang <strong><em>S\u00f3ng ng\u1ea7m<\/em><\/strong> in l\u1ea1i trong <strong><em>Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp III Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/strong>, nxb V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i, 1985.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn3_9746\"><\/a><strong><em>Ng\u1ef1a n\u1ea3n ch\u00e2n bon<\/em><\/strong>, 1984, <strong><em>Xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng<\/em><\/strong>, 1987, nxb V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, California.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn4_9746\"><\/a>Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, <strong><em>Tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/strong>, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr. 1860 v\u00e0 1853<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn5_9746\"><\/a>L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf trang b\u00eca.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn6_9746\"><\/a>Nh\u1eadt Ti\u1ebfn, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <strong>V\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/strong> s\u1ed1 39, th\u00e1ng 4-89, California, tr. 45.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn7_9746\"><\/a>*) <strong>V\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/strong>, s\u1ed1 39, th\u00e1ng 4-89, California (M\u1ef9).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c v\u1eeba cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft M\u00f9a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, g\u1ed3m n\u0103m t\u1eadp, 1800 trang, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam, sau C\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n, c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":387,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,32,8],"tags":[391],"class_list":["post-4900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-nguyen-mong-giac","category-phe-binh","tag-nguyen-mong-giac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/387"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4900"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52785,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4900\/revisions\/52785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}