{"id":48547,"date":"2018-01-18T01:09:00","date_gmt":"2018-01-18T01:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=48547"},"modified":"2019-02-27T02:18:48","modified_gmt":"2019-02-27T02:18:48","slug":"nguyen-trai-be-toi-cua-bon-dong-vua-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/48547\/nguyen-trai-be-toi-cua-bon-dong-vua-phan-2","title":{"rendered":"NGUY\u1ec4N TRÃI: B\u1ec0 TÔI C\u1ee6A B\u1ed0N DÒNG VUA (Ph\u1ea7n 2\/5)"},"content":{"rendered":"

4. Chuy<\/b>\u1ebf<\/b>n <\/b>\u0111<\/b>i Trung qu<\/b>\u1ed1<\/b>c (1410 <\/b>\u2013<\/b> 1417)<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u821f\u4e2d\u5076\u6210<\/b> <\/b><\/p>\n

\u4f69\u528d\u651c\u66f8\u81bd\u6c23\u7c97
\u6d77\u5c71\u842c\u91cc\u7247\u5e06\u5b64
\u9014\u4e2d\u65e5\u6708\u4e09\u51ac\u904e
\u5ba2\u88e1\u89aa\u670b\u4e00\u5b57\u7121
\u7570\u5883\u6bcf\u9a5a\u65b0\u6b72\u6708
\u6241\u821f\u91cd\u61b6\u820a\u6c5f\u6e56
\u56db\u65b9\u58ef\u5fd7\u5e73\u751f\u6709
\u6b64\u53bb\u5be7\u8fad\u6211\u50d5\u75e1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Chu trung ng\u1eabu th\u00e0nh<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfm hu\u1ec1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u00f4
H\u1ea3i s\u01a1n v\u1ea1n l\u00fd phi\u1ebfn ph\u00e0m c\u00f4
\u00d0\u1ed3 trung nh\u1eadt nguy\u1ec7t tam \u0111\u00f4ng(52)<\/sup> qu\u00e1
Kh\u00e1ch l\u00fd th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 v\u00f4
D\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed7i kinh t\u00e2n tu\u1ebf nguy\u1ec7t
Bi\u1ec3n chu tr\u00f9ng \u1ee9c c\u1ef1u giang h\u1ed3
T\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1ng ch\u00ed b\u00ecnh sinh h\u1eefu
Th\u1eed kh\u1ee9 ninh t\u1eeb ng\u00e3 b\u1ed9c ph\u00f4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ng<\/b>\u1eab<\/b>u nhi<\/b>\u00ea<\/b>n th<\/b>\u00e0<\/b>nh th<\/b>\u01a1<\/b> khi <\/b>\u1edf<\/b> trong thuy<\/b>\u1ec1<\/b>n<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt t\u00e1o t\u1ee3n d\u00e1m c\u1eafp s\u00e1ch \u0111eo g\u01b0\u01a1m!
(Theo) c\u00e1nh bu\u1ed3m c\u00f4i v\u01b0\u1ee3t mu\u00f4n d\u1eb7m bi\u1ec3n n\u00fai.
G\u1ea7n h\u1ebft m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng h\u00e3y c\u00f2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng,
Th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch.
Ch\u1ec9 e ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3n n\u0103m m\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1,
Trong thuy\u1ec1n con ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb thu\u1edf giang h\u1ed3 x\u01b0a.
B\u00ecnh sinh nu\u00f4i tr\u00e1ng ch\u00ed \u0111i kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng,
Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i chuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u00ec g\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0y t\u1edb m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi? <\/p>\n

Qua c\u00e2u 8, Nguy\u1ec5n so s\u00e1nh chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n du \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a cha h\u01a1n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ee8ng Long t\u1eebng n\u00f3i \u201cV\u1ea1n l\u00fd ninh t\u1eeb ng\u00e3 b\u1ed9c ph\u00f4 \u842c\u91cc\u5be7\u8fad\u6211\u50d5\u75e1,\u201d Kh\u00f4ng l<\/i>\u1ebd<\/i> t<\/i>\u1eeb<\/i> ch<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>i chuy<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>i mu<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>n d<\/i>\u1eb7<\/i>m v<\/i>\u00ec<\/i> g<\/i>\u00e3<\/i> <\/i>\u0111\u00e0<\/i>y t<\/i>\u1edb<\/i> m<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i>t m<\/i>\u1ecf<\/i>i?<\/i> Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1ea1o gan h\u01a1n cha nhi\u1ec1u. \u1ee8ng Long kh\u00f3c s\u01b0\u1edbt m\u01b0\u1edbt v\u00ec \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ebfn 100 km c\u00e1ch qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f3i giang h\u1ed3 th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb khi l\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1nh bu\u1ed3m c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng thuy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ung dung c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 sang Trung qu\u1ed1c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Giao Ch\u1ec9. L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i theo tuy\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng v\u0103n th\u01b0 t\u00edn. Ng\u00e0y 5\/5\/1410, b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 tr\u00ecnh vua Minh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi t\u1eeb b\u1eafc s\u00f4ng L\u00f4 (s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng nay) qua T\u00e2n An (Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh nay) \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00e2m ch\u00e2u (Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng th\u1eddi Minh, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y nay) r\u1ed3i Ho\u00e0nh ch\u00e2u (Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y nay) g\u1ed3m 10 tr\u1ea1m th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 3 tr\u1ea1m b\u1ed9 (Minh Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c II, 336). Ho\u00e0nh ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i tuy\u1ebfn m\u1edbi v\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n sang Nam Kinh theo tuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. Nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam ng\u1eebng t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n m\u1edbi mong th\u01b0 nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng du thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u01b0 hay Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi t\u1eeb d\u00e2n Ng\u1ee5y sang l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u1ea7n, n\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y gi\u1ebfng Th\u0103ng Long khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fa \u1ebfch \u1ee8c Trai ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn. T\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1ea1i vi, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00f4 ph\u00e1c n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i trung nguy\u00ean ph\u1ee7 d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trung nguy\u00ean. Giao Ch\u1ec9 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i vi, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nho gia \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Tham ch\u00ednh L\u01b0u B\u00e2n: \u201c\u2026D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o quan nh<\/i>\u01b0<\/i> L<\/i>\u00ea<\/i> C<\/i>\u1ea3<\/i>nh Tu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n ng<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>i b<\/i>\u1ea3<\/i>n x<\/i>\u1ee9<\/i>, th<\/i>\u1ef1<\/i>c ra b<\/i>\u1ecd<\/i>n n<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>y ch<\/i>\u1ec9<\/i> chu<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>ng h<\/i>\u01b0<\/i> v<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n, ch<\/i>\u01b0<\/i>a th<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>y (c<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>i hay c<\/i>\u1ee7<\/i>a) s<\/i>\u1ef1<\/i> th<\/i>\u1ef1<\/i>c h<\/i>\u1ecd<\/i>c. Nay xin tuy<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>n c<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>c l<\/i>\u00e3<\/i>o th<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>nh c\u00f3 h<\/i>\u1ecd<\/i>c, theo khu<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>n kh<\/i>\u1ed5<\/i> s<\/i>\u01b0<\/i> ph<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>m, d<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>y c<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>c s<\/i>\u0129<\/i> t<\/i>\u1eed<\/i> bi<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t l<\/i>\u1ec5<\/i> ngh<\/i>\u0129<\/i>a c<\/i>\u1ee7<\/i>a Trung Qu<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>c<\/i>\u2026<\/i>..<\/i>\u201d(53)<\/sup> (Minh Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c I, 348) C\u00e1ch d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef Nho \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1eabu qu\u1ed1c khi\u1ebfn vua Minh \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1edd t\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ed5 quan ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4ng ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cL<\/i>\u1edd<\/i>i l<\/i>\u1ebd<\/i> b<\/i>\u1ec9<\/i> l<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>u, <\/i>\u0111\u00e1<\/i>ng gh<\/i>\u00e9<\/i>t<\/i>\u2026..\u201d(54)<\/sup> (Minh Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c II, 122) V\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n kh\u00ed hay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Tr\u1eebng, Nguy\u1ec5n An th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n; nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a thu\u1ea7n H\u00e1n, so m\u1ee9c s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng x\u00f4i \u0111\u1eadu nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh g\u1ed1c Hoa H\u1ea1 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o so s\u1ef1 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n gi\u1eefa dao b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfm. Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u6f6f\u5dde<\/b><\/p>\n

\u6f6f\u5dde\u57ce\u4e0b\u9f13\u9f19\u8072
\u5ba2\u8def\u9084\u6df9\u6578\u6708\u7a0b
\u6eaa\u6d1e\u6709\u6c13\u5c71\u516b\u842c
\u6210\u6a13\u5439\u89d2\u6708\u4e09\u66f4
\u5cb8\u7bc1\u745f\u745f\u60b2\u98a8\u8d77
\u6c5f\u6c34\u60a0\u60a0\u65c5\u5922\u6e05
\u8001\u6211\u4e16\u9014\u8271\u96aa\u719f
\u4e2d\u5bb5\u4e0d\u5bd0\u7368\u50b7\u60c5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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T\u1ea7m ch\u00e2u<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m ch\u00e2u th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 c\u1ed5 b\u1ec1 thanh
Kh\u00e1ch l\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n y\u00eam s\u1ed5 nguy\u1ec7t tr\u00ecnh
Kh\u00ea \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eefu manh s\u01a1n b\u00e1t v\u1ea1n
Th\u00fa l\u00e2u xuy gi\u1ed1c nguy\u1ec7t tam canh
Ng\u1ea1n ho\u00e0ng s\u1eaft s\u1eaft bi phong kh\u1edfi
Giang thu\u1ef7 du du l\u1eef m\u1ed9ng thanh
L\u00e3o ng\u00e3 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 gian hi\u1ec3m th\u1ee5c
Trung ti\u00eau b\u1ea5t m\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh(55)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T<\/b>\u1ea7<\/b>m ch<\/b>\u00e2<\/b>u<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh T\u1ea7m ch\u00e2u tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1eadn vang vang,
L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n th\u00eam v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng.
N\u00fai ch\u1eadp ch\u00f9ng, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong khe \u0111\u1ed9ng,
Tr\u0103ng th\u00e2u \u0111\u00eam, ch\u00f2i g\u00e1c tr\u1ed5i t\u00f9 v\u00e0.
Gi\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, tre b\u00ean b\u1edd x\u00e0o x\u1ea1c,
D\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f4i \u00eam, m\u1ed9ng l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.
Ta l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi, gian hi\u1ec3m quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3,
N\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam ch\u01b0a ng\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh!<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m ch\u00e2u nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n Qu\u1ebf B\u00ecnh, tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Qu\u1ebf C\u1ea3ng thu\u1ed9c khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, n\u01a1i s\u00f4ng Ki\u1ec1m (Qianjiang) v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng \u00dac (Yujiang) g\u1eb7p nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u00f4ng T\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng \u00dac r\u1eddi Ho\u00e0nh ch\u00e2u (Ho\u00e0nh huy\u1ec7n nay) theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea7m ch\u00e2u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n xu\u00f4i s\u00f4ng T\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4ng qua B\u00ecnh Nam t\u1edbi Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

\"clip_image001\"<\/a>
L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Ho\u00e0nh ch\u00e2u (Hengxian nay) \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u (Wuzhou) [b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Google]<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1410, Minh Th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n chinh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m, vua Minh huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay t\u1eeb s\u00e1u ty \u0110\u00f4 T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, Giang T\u00e2y, H\u1ed3 Qu\u1ea3ng, V\u00e2n Nam, Qu\u00fd Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n v\u1ec7 g\u1ed3m 24.000 qu\u00e2n giao Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ee5 sang chinh ph\u1ea1t Tr\u00f9ng Quang \u0111\u1ebf Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd Kho\u00e1ng.(Minh Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c I, 343) Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n ng\u1eafc ng\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng ra th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean hay xu\u1ed1ng An Nam n\u00ean thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m m\u1edbi, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ecb Ki\u1ec1u Trang, l\u1ea7n theo th\u01a1 \u0111i s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan (1528 \u2013 1613), \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n An Nam \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 ty t\u1eeb Tr\u1ea5n Nam quan \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh.[11] K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tr\u1ea1m do Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan n\u0103m 1597, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n r\u1eddi Giao Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n, theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh m\u01b0\u1eddi ba tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0nh ch\u00e2u. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u01b0 T\u1ea7m ch\u00e2u, B\u00ecnh Nam, Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u, Thi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u, Giang T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y qua Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng – Giang T\u00e2y – Chi\u1ebft Giang \u0111\u1ebfn Giang T\u00f4 (th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Kim L\u0103ng) m\u00e0 h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m sau h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng qua H\u1ed3 Nam, kh\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ed1ng Thanh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, XIX.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a v\u01b0\u1ee3t Ng\u0169 L\u0129nh, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e8o b\u1ecdt. \u00d4ng d\u1ea1n d\u00e0y h\u01a1n, \u00edt b\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng b\u1edbt tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u01a1n. Th\u1ef1c ra, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 quan n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0: Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee9c T\u1ea3 Th\u1ecb lang b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh B\u1eafc Kinh, \u0110\u1ed3ng Ng\u1ea1n D\u1ef1c v\u00e0 L\u00ea T\u01b0 Kh\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9c H\u1eefu Th\u1ecb lang,(Minh Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c I, 293) V\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eef T\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee9c T\u1ea3 Tham ch\u00ednh ty B\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng, V\u01b0\u01a1ng A L\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ea3 Tham ngh\u1ecb ty B\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh S\u01a1n T\u00e2y\u2026 (Minh Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c I, 295) C\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng M\u1ea1c Th\u00fay, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ed7 Duy Trung, L\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eef H\u1ed1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb s\u00e0nh s\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nho gia thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201chi\u1ebfn ph\u00fa \u737b\u8ce6\u201d, d\u00e2ng hi<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n v<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n ch<\/i>\u01b0\u01a1<\/i>ng<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 nho g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5e73\u5357\u591c\u6cca<\/b><\/p>\n

\u7247\u5e06\u9ad8\u98ad\u665a\u98a8\u8f15
\u66ae\u5bbf\u5e73\u5357\u53e4\u7e23\u57ce
\u71c8\u5f71\u7167\u4eba\u548c\u6708\u5f71
\u6a39\u8072\u6572\u5922\u4f75\u7058\u8072
\u6e56\u5c71\u6709\u7d04\u9055\u521d\u5fd7
\u6b72\u6708\u5982\u6d41\u6f2b\u6b64\u751f
\u591c\u534a\u620d\u6a13\u5439\u756b\u89d2
\u5ba2\u4e2d\u60bd\u6134\u4e0d\u52dd\u60c5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

B\u00ecnh nam<\/b>(56)<\/sup> d\u1ea1 b\u1ea1c<\/b><\/p>\n

Phi\u1ebfn ph\u00e0m cao chi\u1ebfm v\u00e3n phong khinh
M\u1ed9 t\u00fac b\u00ecnh nam c\u1ed5 huy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh
\u0110\u0103ng \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n h\u00f2a nguy\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh 
Th\u1ee5 thanh xao m\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh than thanh
H\u1ed3 s\u01a1n h\u1eefu \u01b0\u1edbc vi s\u01a1 ch\u00ed 
Tu\u1ebf nguy\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u m\u1ea1n th\u1eed sinh
D\u1ea1 b\u00e1n th\u00fa l\u00e2u xuy h\u1ecda gi\u1ed1c
Kh\u00e1ch trung th\u00ea s\u1ea3ng b\u1ea5t th\u0103ng t\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u00eam \u0111<\/b>\u1ead<\/b>u thuy<\/b>\u1ec1<\/b>n <\/b>\u1edf<\/b> B<\/b>\u00ec<\/b>nh Nam<\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u00e2y h\u1ea9y ph\u1eadp ph\u1ed3ng c\u00e1nh bu\u1ed3m cao,
Ngh\u1ec9 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh Nam l\u00fac g\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i.
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafm trong \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng l\u1eabn \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n,
M\u1ed9ng v\u1eddn gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng l\u00e1 h\u00f2a ti\u1ebfng s\u00f3ng.
\u01af\u1edbc h\u1eb9n n\u00fai h\u1ed3: l\u1ee1 r\u1ed3i ch\u00ed c\u0169!
V\u00e8o tr\u00f4i n\u0103m th\u00e1ng: s\u1ed1ng u\u1ed5ng ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y.
N\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam, t\u00f9 v\u00e0 r\u00fac l\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u00e1p canh,
N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch, l\u00f2ng bu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4n xi\u1ebft\u2026.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 8 \u201cB\u00ecnh Nam d\u1ea1 b\u1ea1c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ea7m ch\u00e2u\u201d truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i chung m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m t\u01b0 cho th\u1ea5y hai b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n nhau, c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu \u1edf T\u1ea7m ch\u00e2u, Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f2n tho\u00e1ng ngh\u0129 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0 d\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec \u1edf B\u00ecnh Nam \u00f4ng b\u1ed7ng ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm o\u00e1n ph\u1eabn. Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u00e2n Man tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t H\u00e1n, hi v\u1ecdng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea9y Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng bi quan th\u00e1i qu\u00e1? C\u0103n c\u1ee9 b\u00e0i \u201cThi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1\u201d di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u00f9a t\u1ea3o m\u1ed9 \u201cThi\u00ean kh\u00ed thanh minh tam nguy\u1ec7t tam \u5929\u6c23\u6e05\u660e\u4e09\u6708\u4e09,\u201d M<\/i>\u1ed3<\/i>ng ba th<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>ng ba, tr<\/i>\u1edd<\/i>i v<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>o ti<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t Thanh Minh <\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ta th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n n\u0103m m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh Nam. \u0102n T\u1ebft x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4n kham, c\u00e0ng th\u1ea3m h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb tha ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba m\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Nguy\u1ec5n n\u1eafm trong tay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng: kh\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1. N\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i s\u1eebng th\u00ea l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0y v\u00f2 ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed7i bi thi\u1ebft cu\u1ed9n qua theo n\u0103m c\u0169, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00f4 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o v\u00e0 minh m\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u68a7\u5dde<\/b> <\/b><\/p>\n

\u8def\u5165\u9752\u68a7\u666f\u66f4\u5609
\u5cb8\u908a\u967d\u67f3\u7c07\u4eba\u5bb6
\u4e5d\u7591\u7a4d\u7fe0\u5cf0\u5982\u7389
\u4e8c\u5ee3\u5206\u6d41\u6c34\u82e5\u53c9
\u7433\u9928\u7a7a\u805e\u98db\u767d\u9db4
\u4ed9\u4eba\u4e0d\u898b\u8896\u9752\u86c7
\u706b\u5c71\u51b0\u4e95\u771f\u5947\u4e8b
\u820a\u4fd7\u76f8\u50b3\u6050\u4ea6\u5dee<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ng\u00f4 Ch\u00e2u <\/b><\/p>\n

L\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp thanh ng\u00f4 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1nh gia
Ng\u1ea1n bi\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec5u th\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n gia
C\u1eedu nghi t\u00edch thu\u00fd phong nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdc
Nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n l\u01b0u thu\u1ef7 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c xoa
L\u00e2m qu\u00e1n(57)<\/sup> kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n phi b\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1c(58)
<\/sup>Ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfn t\u1ee5 thanh x\u00e0(59)
<\/sup>H\u1ecfa s\u01a1n(60)<\/sup> b\u0103ng t\u1ec9nh(61)<\/sup> ch\u00e2n k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1
C\u1ef1u t\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ee7ng di\u1ec7c soa.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o Thanh Ng\u00f4 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb9p,
Nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec5u b\u00ean b\u1edd.
N\u00fai C\u1eedu Nghi \u0111\u1ecdng s\u1eafc bi\u1ebfc tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdc,
S\u00f4ng (n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n) Nh\u1ecb Qu\u1ea3ng chia d\u00f2ng nh\u00ecn t\u1ef1a c\u00e1i xi\u00ean.
Nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1n Ng\u1ecdc c\u00f3 h\u1ea1c tr\u1eafng bay,
Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ti\u00ean d\u1ea5u r\u1eafn xanh trong tay \u00e1o.
N\u00fai l\u1eeda, gi\u1ebfng b\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i,
S\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n x\u01b0a l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n

C\u1eedu Nghi l\u00e0 r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n Ninh Vi\u1ec5n, Lam S\u01a1n thu\u1ed9c V\u0129nh ch\u00e2u, t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3 Nam, gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, vua Thu\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh v\u00e0 Mai Qu\u1ed1c Li\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i nh\u1ea7m n\u00fai \u1edf Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00f4 (Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u) v\u1edbi n\u00fai C\u1eedu Nghi H\u1ed3 Nam do C\u1eedu Nghi c\u00f2n mang t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00f4. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kho\u1ea3ng 400 n\u0103m sau, khi Nguy\u1ec5n Du \u0111i tr\u00ean T\u1ea7m giang qua th\u00e0nh Ng\u00f4 v\u1eabn nh\u1eafc n\u00fai C\u1eedu Nghi.[12] Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 C\u1eedu Nghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t nam d\u00e3y n\u00fai ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch H\u1ed3 Nam-Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y hay l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m n\u00fai tr\u00f9ng t\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111i t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh Nam sang Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u, t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb t\u00e2y sang \u0111\u00f4ng. Nh\u1ecb Qu\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n l\u01b0u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00f2ng T\u1ea7m giang ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Ng\u00f4. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd \u201cL\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp Thanh Ng\u00f4 \u8def\u5165\u9752\u68a7\u201d, \u0110<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>ng v<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>o Thanh Ng<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"clip_image002\"<\/a>
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u b\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc [b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Google]<\/p>\n

Theo b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, sau khi r\u1ebd \u0111\u00f4i, T\u1ea7m giang (Xunjiang) h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda nam Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u. G\u1ea7n s\u00e1t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, Qu\u1ebf giang (Guijiang) ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng T\u1ea7m t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh T\u00e2y giang (Xijiang) h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3ng ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n. Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u (Wuzhou) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eb1m ngay v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ed1n nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. <\/p>\n

Tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, Nguy\u1ec5n thay c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1edd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u00f2 m\u00f2 ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u trong d\u00e2n gian. Thay v\u00ec nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i hay sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp cao, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm c\u01a1 may m\u1edbi. Ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu qu\u1ed1c. X\u01b0a kia, \u1ee8ng Long t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea7n \u0111i s\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng ao \u0111\u00e0i ng\u1eadp \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng, th\u1ea5y dinh th\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed5 canh g\u00e1c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u00e2u \u0111\u00eam. Chuy\u1ebfn sang Minh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu ph\u00f9 hoa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, s\u00f4ng Qu\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng T\u1ea7m h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh T\u00e2y giang. R\u1eddi Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u, Nguy\u1ec5n xu\u00f4i T\u00e2y giang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c Tam Th\u1ee7y (thu\u1ed9c Ph\u1eadt S\u01a1n nay) th\u00ec r\u1ebd tr\u00e1i v\u00e0o B\u1eafc giang (Beijiang) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean b\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u (nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Thi\u1ec1u Quan). Ch\u00f9a Nam Hoa, c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 22km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i L\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng (638 \u2013 713) \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.[13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u904a\u5357\u83ef\u5bfa<\/b><\/p>\n

\u795e\u932b\u98db\u4f86\u5e7e\u767e\u6625
\u5bf6\u6797\u9999\u706b\u5951\u524d\u56e0
\u964d\u9f8d\u4f0f\u864e\u6a5f\u4f55\u5999
\u7121\u6a39\u975e\u81fa\u8a9e\u82e5\u65b0
\u6bbf\u5074\u8d77\u6a13\u85cf\u4f5b\u7f3d
\u9f95\u4e2d\u907a\u8de1\u812b\u771f\u8eab
\u9580\u524d\u4e00\u6d3e\u6f15\u6eaa\u6c34
\u6d17\u76e1\u4eba\u9593\u52ab\u52ab\u5875<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Du Nam Hoa t\u1ef1 <\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n t\u00edch(62)<\/sup> phi lai k\u1ef7 b\u00e1ch xu\u00e2n
B\u1ea3o l\u00e2m h\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea3 kh\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n
H\u00e0ng long ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed5 c\u01a1 h\u00e0 di\u1ec7u
V\u00f4 th\u1ee5 phi \u0111\u00e0i ng\u1eef nh\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2n
\u00d0i\u1ec7n tr\u1eafc kh\u1edfi l\u00e2u t\u00e0ng ph\u1eadt b\u00e1t
Kham(63)<\/sup> trung di t\u00edch tho\u00e1t(64)<\/sup> ch\u00e2n th\u00e2n(65)
<\/sup>M\u00f4n ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1i t\u00e0o kh\u00ea(66)<\/sup> thu\u1ef7
T\u1ea9y t\u1eadn nh\u00e2n gian ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp tr\u1ea7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Vi<\/b>\u1ebf<\/b>ng ch<\/b>\u00f9<\/b>a Nam Hoa<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u1eady t\u1ea7m x\u00edch linh thi\u00eang bay \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m,
(Vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf) \u0111\u00e8n nhang ch\u00f9a B\u1ea3o L\u00e2m h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc.
H\u00e0ng r\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed5, c\u0103n c\u01a1 th\u1eadt th\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u,
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e0i, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1eabn tinh kh\u00f4i.
C\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u00e1t ph\u1eadt,
Trong kh\u00e1m, c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u t\u00edch tho\u00e1t b\u1ecf ch\u00e2n th\u00e2n.
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng, d\u00f2ng T\u00e0o kh\u00ea tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y,
R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n

\"clip_image003\"<\/a>
L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u (Wuzhou) \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u (Shaoquan nay) [b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Google]<\/p>\n

Ch\u00f9a Nam Hoa th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 502 b\u1edfi s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Nh\u1ea1c Tam T\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1edbi t\u00ean ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 B\u1ea3o L\u00e2m. N\u0103m 968 \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1i t\u00f4ng, B\u1ea3o L\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Nam Hoa. Ch\u00f9a hi\u1ec7n nay thu\u1ed9c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n T\u00e0o Kh\u00ea, huy\u1ec7n Kh\u00fac Giang, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Thi\u1ec1u Quan. Tu vi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cVi\u1ebfng ch\u00f9a Nam Hoa\u201d nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u. Khi khai s\u01a1n, th\u1ea7y Tr\u00ed Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a. C\u00e2u 2 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n

Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng (638 \u2013 713) nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 s\u1edbm khi c\u00f2n b\u00e1n c\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ec3 sinh nhai. Kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng m\u1ee9c \u201cng\u1ed9\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7y Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn ch\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n (huy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0ng Mai, K\u1ef3 ch\u00e2u, H\u1ed3 B\u1eafc) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o. Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n y b\u00e1t sau khi \u201ctri\u1ec7t ng\u1ed9\u201d. V\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ng\u0169 t\u1ed5, ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam \u1ea9n th\u00e2n g\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u n\u0103m, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ph\u00e1p T\u00ednh (Qu\u1ea3ng ch\u00e2u) theo l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec \u1ea4n T\u00f4ng, r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u00f9a B\u1ea3o L\u00e2m. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n Nam t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, L\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3ng c\u1ecdp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadt phi ph\u00e0m, tuy nhi\u00ean, tu s\u0129 hi\u1ec3u \u201cr\u1ed3ng c\u1ecdp\u201d nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u201cv\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng \u00e1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 l\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u1edbn bay \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d n\u00e0y: Hai v<\/i>\u1ecb<\/i> s<\/i>\u01b0<\/i> nh<\/i>\u00ec<\/i>n l<\/i>\u00e1<\/i> ph<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>n bay, tranh c<\/i>\u00e3<\/i>i nhau. M<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>t v<\/i>\u1ecb<\/i> n<\/i>\u00f3<\/i>i l<\/i>\u00e1<\/i> ph<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>ng, v<\/i>\u1ecb<\/i> kia n<\/i>\u00f3<\/i>i gi<\/i>\u00f3<\/i> <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>ng. L<\/i>\u1ee5<\/i>c t<\/i>\u1ed5<\/i> <\/i>\u0111<\/i>i ngang n<\/i>\u00f3<\/i>i <\/i>\u201c<\/i>ch<\/i>\u1eb3<\/i>ng ph<\/i>\u1ea3<\/i>i ph<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>n, ch<\/i>\u1eb3<\/i>ng ph<\/i>\u1ea3<\/i>i gi<\/i>\u00f3<\/i>, t<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>m <\/i>\u0111<\/i>ang <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>ng<\/i>.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 4 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 m\u00e0 nh\u1edd n\u00f3 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u0169 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n. V\u00ec b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean k\u1ebf th\u1eeba y b\u00e1t, n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00e9p c\u1ea3 hai ra \u0111\u00e2y. <\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n k\u1ec7 Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u8eab\u4f40\u83e9\u63d0\u6a39
\u5fc3\u5982\u660e\u93e1\u81fa
\u5cd5\u65f6\u52e4\u62c2\u62ed
\u83ab\u4f7f\u60f9\u5875\u57c3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Th\u00e2n t\u1ef1 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee5
T\u00e2m nh\u01b0 minh k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0i
Th\u1eddi th\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c
M\u1ea1c s\u1eed nh\u1ea1 tr\u1ea7n ai <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Th\u00e2n t\u1ef1a c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1,
T\u00e2m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0i g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng.
Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u0103m qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn,
Ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n b\u00e1m v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n k\u1ec7 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u83e9\u63d0\u672c\u7121\u6a39
\u660e\u93e1\u4ea6\u975e\u81fa
\u672c\u4f86\u7121\u4e00\u7269
\u4f55\u8655\u60f9\u5875\u57c3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 th\u1ee5
Minh k\u00ednh di\u1ec7c phi \u0111\u00e0i
B\u1ea3n lai v\u00f4 nh\u1ea5t v\u1eadt
H\u00e0 x\u1ee9 nh\u1ea1 tr\u1ea7n ai<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2y,
G\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0i.
X\u01b0a nay v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt,
B\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m b\u00e1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u!<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"clip_image004\"<\/a>
C\u1ed5ng ch\u00f9a Ng\u0169 t\u1ed5 (\u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n) v\u1edbi b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i
http:\/\/www.zgfj.cn\/lifec\/d\/file\/dy\/5\/2013-04-20\/d548b77cc47618ae4848977fc410e73f.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n

Trong c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tinh khi\u1ebft trong su\u1ed1t. Trong c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. S\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng v\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c khai ng\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao. <\/p>\n

Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng b\u00e3i vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n y b\u00e1t n\u00ean khi ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n(67)<\/sup> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1p Linh Chi\u1ec3u\u9748\u70a4 trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean ch\u00f9a Nam Hoa \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd c\u00fang. Th\u00e1p Linh Chi\u1ec3u n\u0103m t\u1ea7ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho di t\u00edch Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng. Do h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n, th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng (960 \u2013 1279). Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ebfng Nam Hoa t\u1ef1, Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2n th\u00e2n\u201d trong t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p n\u00e0y.(68)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m khi vi\u1ebfng ch\u00f9a, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i phi\u00eau b\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfp v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Trung nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea7y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng danh. <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n s\u1ebd \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Nam H\u00f9ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chu\u1ed7i d\u1ecbch tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch l\u00ean b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t Ng\u0169 L\u0129nh \u0111\u1ebfn Nam An, Giang T\u00e2y. T\u1eeb Nam An, l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n theo s\u00f4ng C\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4, th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 Giang T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e8o \u0110\u1ea1i D\u1eefu, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp vi\u1ebfng mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd nh\u00e0 nho l\u1eebng danh Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh (678 \u2013 740).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u97f6\u5dde\u6587\u61b2\u5edf<\/b><\/p>\n

\u53cd\u72c0\u7576\u5e74\u8fa8\u7faf\u5152
\u81f3\u660e\u5148\u898b\u82e5\u84cd\u9f9c
\u6fdf\u6642\u5112\u8853\u751f\u5e73\u6709
\u8aeb\u4e3b\u5fe0\u8a00\u6b7b\u5f8c\u77e5
\u842c\u53e4\u4e0d\u78e8\u91d1\u9451\u9304
\u5343\u5e74\u7336\u4eab\u66f2\u6c5f\u7960
\u9ad8\u98a8\u8ffd\u60f3\u6e3e\u5982\u6628
\u624b\u62c2\u9752\u82d4\u8a8d\u53e4\u7891<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Thi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn mi\u1ebfu<\/b>(69)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3n tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ni\u00ean bi\u1ec7n y\u1ebft nhi(70)<\/sup>
Ch\u00ed minh ti\u00ean ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0\u1ee3c thi qui
T\u1ebf th\u00ec nho thu\u1eadt sinh b\u00ecnh h\u1eefu
Gi\u00e1n ch\u00faa trung ng\u00f4n t\u1eed h\u1eadu tri
V\u1ea1n c\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t ma kim gi\u00e1m l\u1ee5c(71)<\/sup>
Thi\u00ean ni\u00ean do h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00fac giang t\u1eeb(72)<\/sup>
Cao phong truy t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1c
Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea5t thanh \u0111\u00e0i nh\u1eadn c\u1ed5 bi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Mi<\/b>\u1ebf<\/b>u th<\/b>\u1edd<\/b> <\/b>\u00f4<\/b>ng V<\/b>\u0103<\/b>n Hi<\/b>\u1ebf<\/b>n ng<\/b>\u01b0\u1edd<\/b>i Thi<\/b>\u1ec1<\/b>u ch<\/b>\u00e2<\/b>u<\/b><\/p>\n

X\u01b0a kia, c\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 t\u00ean r\u1ee3 Y\u1ebft,
Tr\u00ed s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c y nh\u01b0 b\u00f3i c\u1ecf thi, mai r\u00f9a.
L\u00fac sinh th\u1eddi, s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc nho thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi,
Sau khi m\u1ea5t, l\u1eddi gi\u00e1n ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trung m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u.
Mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf, \u201ckim gi\u00e1m l\u1ee5c\u201d v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng mai m\u1ed9t,
Ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ec1n Kh\u00fac giang s\u1ebd m\u00e3i kh\u00f3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng.
Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i phong \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u00e3, t\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi h\u00f4m qua,
L\u1ea5y tay ph\u1ea5t r\u00eau xanh s\u0103m soi bia c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh (678 \u2013 740), ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00d4ng t\u1ef1 T\u1eed Th\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u00fac giang, Thi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Thi\u1ec1u Quan nay). Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh hay ch\u1eef t\u1eeb b\u00e9, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ed7 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u0103m 702, tr\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c quan t\u1ea1i trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 732, th\u0103ng Trung th\u01b0 Th\u1ecb lang \u0111\u1ed3ng Trung th\u01b0 M\u00f4n h\u1ea1 B\u00ecnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1. N\u0103m sau, th\u0103ng Trung th\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh t\u1ee9c T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u0103m 735, gia phong Kim t\u1eed Quang l\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i phu, Th\u1ee7y H\u01b0ng huy\u1ec7n b\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec1n minh, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o v\u00ec d\u00e2n. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. T\u1eeb l\u00ea th\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u ca ng\u1ee3i \u201cphong \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1eedu Linh\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec3n quan tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0m quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng th\u01a1m nh\u01b0 Nghi\u00eam \u0110\u00ecnh Chi, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Duy, M\u1ea1nh H\u1ea1o Nhi\u00ean\u2026\u2026\u00d4ng ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng L\u00fd L\u00e2m Ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee7 Khu\u00ea l\u00e0m T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u00e2ng s\u1edb c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n. C\u1eedu Linh thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m nho h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng l\u1eadp Th\u00e1i Ph\u1ecfng s\u1ee9 \u1edf m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p ch\u00e2u huy\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n, tr\u1eebng \u00e1c, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho d\u00e2n \u0111en n\u00f3i l\u00ean oan khu\u1ea5t. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00edt d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, gi\u1ea3m th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 cho ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n. M\u1eb7t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng. C\u1eedu Linh so\u1ea1n \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec1n\u201d khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vua quan ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ec5 c\u00e0y m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng khuy\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng cho c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00faa g\u1ea1o \u1edf b\u1eafc Ng\u0169 l\u0129nh. D\u00f9 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ecdng ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e8o \u0110\u1ea1i D\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Qu\u1ea3ng ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01b0 d\u00e2n g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb T\u00e2y \u00c1, Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. \u0110\u1ea1i D\u1eefu l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An. Th\u1eddi \u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1m \u0103n \u00e1o m\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 14\/9\/736, nh\u00e2n sinh nh\u1eadt Huy\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n d\u00e2ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00fd l\u00ean ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3,[14] g\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 Th\u1ea7n T\u00fa tr\u00edch d\u1eabn b\u00ean tr\u00ean. Kh\u00e1c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh ti\u1ebfn vua quy\u1ec3n \u201cThi\u00ean thu(73)<\/sup> kim gi\u00e1m l\u1ee5c\u5343\u79cb\u91d1\u93e1\u9304\u201d, Ghi ch\u00e9p v<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> g<\/i>\u01b0\u01a1<\/i>ng v<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>ng ngh<\/i>\u00ec<\/i>n n<\/i>\u0103<\/i>m. <\/i>Qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n, ho\u00e0ng gia mong Huy\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y dung m\u1ea1o t\u00f4n qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Kh\u00fac giang nguy\u1ec7n vua nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ban chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n v\u00e0 ng\u1ee3i khen. <\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n. Nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea3 sang h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, xao l\u00e3ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1. N\u0103m 737, do L\u00fd L\u00e2m Ph\u1ee7 s\u00e0m t\u1ea5u, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh b\u1ecb gi\u00e1ng l\u00e0m Kinh ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed. N\u0103m 740, \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi khi v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea Thi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u tr\u1ea9y m\u1ed9 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua truy t\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9c Kinh ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c, th\u1ee5y V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn. N\u0103m 756, l\u00fac ch\u1ea1y lo\u1ea1n An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o Ki\u1ebfm Nam (T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, Tr\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh nay) r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed, Huy\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi can gi\u00e1n x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a C\u1eedu Linh n\u00ean ban th\u01b0 truy th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u c\u00fang vi\u1ebfng m\u1ed9 \u00f4ng. <\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch, C\u1eedu Linh c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i hoa. V\u0103n \u00f4ng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u6bcf\u52de\u84bc\u751f\u5ff5
\u4e0d\u4ee5\u9ec3\u5c4b\u5c0a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M\u1ed7i lao th\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh ni\u1ec7m
B\u1ea5t d\u0129 ho\u00e0ng \u1ed1c t\u00f4n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n lo l\u1eafng
Kh\u00f4ng xem \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u00f4n qu\u00fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Theo \u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5m no h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i chi\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n danh vua, \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u8a00\u5ff5\u82cd\u751f\u5fc5\u5fc5\u904d\u4e8e\u5929\u4e0b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ng\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh t\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn vu thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i, \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n \u0111en v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ho\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u4ee5\u8aa0\u544a\u793a\u5176\u6216\u77e5\u6b78\u4f55\u5fc5\u7528\u5a01\u7136\u5f8c\u81f4\u7406\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

D\u0129 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1o th\u1ecb k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c tri quy h\u00e0 t\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng uy nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu tr\u00ed l\u00fd?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

L\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1o th\u1ecb d\u00e2n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 theo v\u1ec1, h\u00e0 t\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng oai l\u1ef1c r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng \u00e1n?<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia \u201chi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecf m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n \u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh, lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh v\u1eeba ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo phong c\u00e1ch H\u00e1n Ng\u1ee5y, v\u1eeba di\u1ec5m l\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3u L\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1u. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y xin ghi l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i \u201cV\u1ecdng nguy\u1ec7t ho\u00e0i vi\u1ec5n \u671b\u6708\u61f7\u9060\u201d, Ng<\/i>\u1eaf<\/i>m tr<\/i>\u0103<\/i>ng nh<\/i>\u1edb<\/i> ng<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>i xa<\/i> b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh thi ph\u00e1i L\u0129nh Nam: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u671b\u6708\u61f7\u9060<\/b>[15]<\/p>\n

\u6d77\u4e0a\u751f\u660e\u6708
\u5929\u6daf\u5171\u6b64\u6642
\u60c5\u4eba\u6028\u9059\u591c
\u7adf\u5915\u8d77\u76f8\u601d
\u6ec5\u71ed\u6190\u5149\u6eff
\u62ab\u8863\u89ba\u9732\u6ecb
\u4e0d\u582a\u76c8\u624b\u8d08
\u9084\u5be2\u5922\u4f73\u671f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

V\u1ecdng nguy\u1ec7t ho\u00e0i vi\u1ec5n<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh minh nguy\u1ec7t
Thi\u00ean nhai c\u1ed9ng th\u1eed th\u00ec
T\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n o\u00e1n dao d\u1ea1
C\u00e1nh t\u1ecbch kh\u1edfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0
Di\u1ec7t ch\u00fac li\u00ean quang m\u00e3n
Phi y gi\u00e1c l\u1ed9 ty
B\u1ea5t kham doanh th\u1ee7 t\u1eb7ng
Ho\u00e0n t\u1ea9m m\u1ed9ng giai k\u1ef3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ng\u1eafm tr\u0103ng nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u0103ng nh\u00f4 r\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n
Kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ng\u1eafm nh\u01b0 ta
T\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n o\u00e1n h\u1eadn \u0111\u00eam xa c\u00e1ch
M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0 tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o su\u1ed1t canh khuya
T\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y
Cho\u00e0ng \u00e1o b\u1edfi bi\u1ebft s\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt
Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ed1c tr\u0103ng t\u1eb7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi
Quay v\u1ec1 bu\u1ed3ng ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhau trong m\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

L\u01b0\u1edbt qua s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ngay c\u1ee5 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 nho m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i.[16] <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u904e\u5dba<\/b><\/p>\n

\u524d\u5d17\u65e5\u843d\u99ac\u867a\u96a4
\u884c\u76e1\u6885\u95dc\u4e0d\u898b\u6885
\u593e\u9053\u5343\u677e\u6490\u6f22\u7acb
\u7de3\u96f2\u4e00\u8def\u64d8\u5c71\u958b
\u9577\u5b89\u65e5\u8fd1\u804a\u8212\u76ee
\u6545\u570b\u5929\u9059\u91cd\u611f\u61f7
\u5510\u76f8\u4e00\u5f9e\u901a\u6b64\u9053
\u4e0d\u77e5\u4eca\u5e7e\u767e\u5e74\u4f86<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Qu\u00e1 l\u0129nh <\/b><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec1n c\u01b0\u01a1ng(74)<\/sup> nh\u1eadt l\u1ea1c m\u00e3 h\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3i
H\u00e0nh t\u1eadn mai quan(75)<\/sup> b\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfn mai
Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u00ean t\u00f9ng xanh h\u00e1n l\u1eadp
Duy\u00ean v\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t l\u1ed9 ph\u00e1ch s\u01a1n khai
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng an(76)<\/sup> nh\u1eadt c\u1eadn li\u00eau th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c
C\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c thi\u00ean dao tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3m ho\u00e0i
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1edbng(77)<\/sup> nh\u1ea5t t\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o
B\u1ea5t tri kim k\u1ef7 b\u00e1ch ni\u00ean lai<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Qua \u0111\u00e8o<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3n canh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t,
\u0110\u1ebfn t\u1eadn \u1ea3i Mai l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y mai!
Ven l\u1ed9, ngh\u00ecn c\u1ed9i t\u00f9ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1eb3ng Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0,
N\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i ch\u1ebb xuy\u00ean qua n\u00fai.
M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, t\u1ea1m th\u01b0 tr\u00f4ng ng\u00f3ng,
Qu\u00ea c\u0169 t\u00edt t\u1eafp ch\u00e2n m\u00e2y, tr\u0129u n\u1eb7ng c\u1ea3m ho\u00e0i.
T\u1eeb l\u00fac t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng khai m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y,
T\u1edbi nay kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m r\u1ed3i!<\/p>\n

\"clip_image005\"<\/a>
Mai quan nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Giang T\u00e2y. By Zhangzhugang – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0
https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=33050221<\/a><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u00e0i n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u1ee9ng ngay \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e8o, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u1eeda \u1ea3i, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c v\u00ec t\u00f9ng m\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u1eeda ph\u00eda nam. N\u1eeda ph\u00eda b\u1eafc tr\u1ed3ng mai \u0111\u1ebfn nay h\u00e3y c\u00f2n. T\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t, Nguy\u1ec5n m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An l\u1eabn qu\u00ea nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi c\u1ed5, \u1ea3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e8o mang t\u00ean Ho\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1 quan. \u0110\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m Khai Nguy\u00ean IV (716) khi C\u1eedu Linh c\u00f2n gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c quan khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c s\u1ea3nh Trung th\u01b0 ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng. B\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u m\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e8o nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cd\u1ea5u th\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00ea\u201d nh\u01b0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh dung. T\u1ed1ng Chi V\u1ea5n (kho\u1ea3ng 660 \u2013 712), khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t Mai L\u0129nh n\u0103m 705 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft \u201c\u0110\u1ed9 l\u0129nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00ecnh di\u00eau nh\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng gia \u5ea6\u5dba\u65b9\u8fad\u570b\u505c\u8efa\u4e00\u671b\u5bb6,\u201d[17] Qua \u0111\u00e8o xem nh<\/i>\u01b0<\/i> c<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>ch l<\/i>\u00ec<\/i>a b<\/i>\u1ea3<\/i>n qu<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>n, Ng<\/i>\u1eeb<\/i>ng xe ng<\/i>\u00f3<\/i>ng m<\/i>\u00e3<\/i>i qu<\/i>\u00ea<\/i> nh<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>.<\/i> C\u1ee5 T\u1ed1ng du h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng \u201cdi\u00eau \u8efa\u201d, xe ng<\/i>\u1ef1<\/i>a c<\/i>\u1ee1<\/i> nh<\/i>\u1ecf<\/i>, lo\u1ea1i xe m\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u00eang qua nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1eadp gh\u1ec1nh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1790, s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Phan Huy \u00cdch (1751 \u2013 1822) qua \u0110\u1ea1i D\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u201cDu Mai l\u0129nh \u8e30\u6885\u5dba\u201d v\u1edbi c\u1eb7p k\u1ebft t\u00ecnh c\u1edd g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t hai c\u00e2u k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u1ee8c Trai trong b\u00e0i \u201cThi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn mi\u1ebfu\u201d.<\/i> \u0110\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i r\u00f5 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u00e0i \u201cDu Mai l\u0129nh\u201d c\u1ee7a Phan Huy \u00cdch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u8e30\u6885\u5dba<\/b>[18]<\/p>\n

\u8206\u5fd7\u50b3\u805e\u5927\u5ebe\u6885
\u8fc2\u9014\u4eca\u64c1\u4f7f\u65cc\u4f86
\u75fc\u6839\u8525\u851a\u6f2b\u6797\u9577
\u5bd2\u78f4\u5ca7\u5da2\u622a\u5dba\u958b
\u6cc9\u77f3\u751f\u6dbc\u733f\u53eb\u665a
\u6d77\u5929\u6e3a\u671b\u9d08\u98db\u8ff4
\u66f2\u6c5f\u98a8\u5ea6\u9ad8\u5343\u53e4
\u601d<\/a>\u7e79<\/a>\u7891<\/a>\u9298<\/a>\u9396<\/a>\u7da0<\/a>\u82d4<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Du mai l\u0129nh <\/b><\/p>\n

D\u01b0 ch\u00ed truy\u1ec1n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1eefu mai
Vu \u0111\u1ed3 kim \u1ee7ng s\u1ee9 tinh lai
C\u1ed1 c\u0103n th\u00f4ng u\u1ea5t m\u1ea1n l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edfng
H\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7ng thi\u1ec1u nghi\u00eau ti\u1ec7t l\u0129nh khai
Tuy\u1ec1n th\u1ea1ch sinh l\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u00ean khi\u1ebfu v\u00e3n
H\u1ea3i thi\u00ean di\u1ec3u v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea1n phi h\u1ed3i
Kh\u00fac giang phong \u0111\u1ed9 cao thi\u00ean c\u1ed5
T\u01b0 d\u1ecbch bi minh t\u1ecfa l\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

V<\/b>\u01b0\u1ee3<\/b>t <\/b>\u0110\u00e8<\/b>o Mai<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1eebng nghe s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 mai \u0110\u1ea1i D\u1eefu,
Nay c\u1ea7m c\u1edd s\u1ee9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y.
C\u00e2y l\u01b0u ni\u00ean sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t kh\u1eafp r\u1eebng,
B\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u01a1n cao c\u1eaft xuy\u00ean qua n\u00fai.
\u0110\u00e1 su\u1ed1i t\u1ecfa h\u01a1i m\u00e1t, v\u01b0\u1ee3n k\u00eau trong chi\u1ec1u,
Tr\u1eddi bi\u1ec3n m\u00eanh mang, nh\u1ea1n bay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.
Phong \u0111\u1ed9 Kh\u00fac giang n\u00eau cao thi\u00ean c\u1ed5,
L\u1ea7n d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i minh tr\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e1 r\u00eau phong.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 Phan b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e8o, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda \u1ea3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3 t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u1ecb t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ed1ng Chi V\u1ea5n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u00e8o, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean t\u00e2m t\u01b0 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i n\u1eeda m\u1eebng v\u00ec g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Kim L\u0103ng, n\u1eeda ho\u00e0i nh\u1edb qu\u00ea c\u0169 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng t\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng chuy\u1ec7n quay lui, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u1eadu Tr\u1ea7n \u0111ang n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Phan Huy \u00cdch thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft du l\u00e3m. T\u1ed1ng Chi V\u1ea5n thu\u1ed9c Trung nguy\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u00f2a kh\u00f3c khi th\u1ea5y lo\u00e0i hoa m\u1ecdc r\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc: \u201cL\u1ec7 t\u1eadn b\u1eafc chi hoa \u6dda\u76e1\u5317\u679d\u82b1.\u201d [19] Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, \u00f4ng nh\u1edb An Nam nh\u01b0ng mong t\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An. L\u1edd m\u1edd nh\u1eadn ra ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4i theo th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh b\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111i t\u1edbi? Hai l\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh, \u1ee8c Trai ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea1i Minh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 du thuy\u1ebft. V\u1ec1 gi\u00e0, c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng x\u01b0a: \u201cC\u1eedu v\u1ea1n \u0111o\u00e0n phong k\u00fd t\u00edch t\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng ni\u00ean th\u00e1c t\u1ef7 b\u1eafc minh b\u1eb1ng \u4e5d\u842c\u6476\u98a8\u8a18\u6614\u66fe\u7576\u5e74\u932f\u6bd4\u5317\u6e9f\u9d6c,\u201d Nh<\/i>\u1edb<\/i> x<\/i>\u01b0<\/i>a t<\/i>\u1eeb<\/i>ng c<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee1<\/i>i gi<\/i>\u00f3<\/i> bay cao ch<\/i>\u00ed<\/i>n v<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>n d<\/i>\u1eb7<\/i>m, B<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>y gi<\/i>\u1edd<\/i> nh<\/i>\u1ea7<\/i>m so m<\/i>\u00ec<\/i>nh v<\/i>\u1edb<\/i>i chim b<\/i>\u1eb1<\/i>ng bi<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>n b<\/i>\u1eaf<\/i>c.<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00ean kia \u0111\u00e8o Mai kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1eafm l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Giang T\u00e2y danh ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u6c5f\u897f<\/b><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u53e4\u9d3b\u90fd\u7a31\u52dd\u5730
\u4eca\u671d\u5ba2\u88e1\u66ab\u76f8\u904e
\u7159\u6536\u5357\u6d66\u6674\u5149\u597d
\u65e5\u843d\u897f\u5c71\u66ae\u666f\u4f73
\u544a\u8a10\u6210\u98a8\u6190\u4fd7\u8584
\u8a5e\u7ae0\u6709\u5b78\u4e2d\u79d1\u591a
\u65cc\u63da\u9435\u67f1\u4eca\u7336\u5728
\u7891\u523b\u5343\u5e74\u861a\u5df2\u82b1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Giang T\u00e2y<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4(78)<\/sup> x\u01b0ng th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecba
Kim tri\u00eau kh\u00e1ch l\u00fd t\u1ea1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng qua
Y\u00ean thu nam ph\u1ed1(79)<\/sup> t\u00ecnh quang h\u1ea3o
Nh\u1eadt l\u1ea1c t\u00e2y s\u01a1n(80)<\/sup> m\u1ed9 c\u1ea3nh gia
C\u00e1o ki\u1ebft th\u00e0nh phong li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ea1c
T\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc tr\u00fang khoa \u0111a
Tinh d\u01b0\u01a1ng(81)<\/sup> thi\u1ebft tr\u1ee5(82)<\/sup> kim do t\u1ea1i
Bi kh\u1eafc thi\u00ean ni\u00ean ti\u1ec3n d\u0129 hoa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Giang T\u00e2y<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb x\u01b0a, H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a danh th\u1eafng,
S\u00e1ng nay, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1ea1m gh\u00e9 qua.
Kh\u00f3i ng\u1eebng tr\u00ean Nam Ph\u1ed1, phong quang trong tr\u1ebbo,
M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ea3nh ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n.
Ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1o th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen, th\u01b0\u01a1ng phong t\u1ee5c b\u1ea1c!
Nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khoa c\u1eed th\u00e0nh danh.
Nay h\u00e3y c\u00f2n tr\u1ee5 s\u1eaft Tinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng,
Bia kh\u1eafc ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m r\u00eau l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m.<\/p>\n

Danh th\u1eafng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00e0 g\u00e1c \u0110\u1eb1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m t\u00f2a l\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n xa nh\u1edd ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u201c\u0110\u1eb1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 \u6ed5\u738b\u95a3\u5e8f\u201d c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed9t (650 \u2013 676), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u \u201cH\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1ng tri\u00eau phi nam ph\u1ed1 v\u00e2n, Ch\u00e2u li\u00eam m\u1ed9 quy\u1ec3n t\u00e2y s\u01a1n v\u0169 \u756b\u68df\u671d\u98db\u5357\u6d66\u96f2\u73e0\u7c3e\u66ae\u6372\u897f\u5c71\u96e8,\u201d[20] S\u00e1ng s<\/i>\u1edb<\/i>m, m<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>y t<\/i>\u1eeb<\/i> b<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n nam bay v<\/i>\u1edd<\/i>n m<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>i l<\/i>\u1ea7<\/i>u ch<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>m tr<\/i>\u1ed5<\/i>; Chi<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>u t<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>i, cu<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>n r<\/i>\u00e8<\/i>m ch<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>u ng<\/i>\u1eaf<\/i>m m<\/i>\u01b0<\/i>a n<\/i>\u00fa<\/i>i t<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>y<\/i>. L\u1ea7u x\u01b0a ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ph\u1ebf t\u00edch v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 gh\u00e9 Nam X\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u201cGiang T\u00e2y\u201d v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng c\u1ea3 V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed9t l\u1eabn t\u00f2a l\u1ea7u, ri\u00eang \u201ct\u00e2y s\u01a1n – nam ph\u1ed1\u201d v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 c\u0169. Nguy\u1ec5n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c th\u1eddi gian c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 theo c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. <\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, d\u00e2n Trung Hoa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giang T\u00e2y hay c\u00e3i c\u1ecd. Th\u00f3i quen k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 dai d\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n di c\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau. Ham c\u00e3i v\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p b\u1edfi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Giang T\u00e2y th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n, n\u01a1i quy \u1ea9n hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u danh s\u0129 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0o Ti\u1ec1m (365-427), L\u00fd B\u1ed9t (? \u2013 831), \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu (1007 \u2013 1072), V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch (1021 \u2013 1086), Chu Hy (1130 \u2013 1200), V\u0103n Thi\u00ean T\u01b0\u1eddng (1236 \u2013 1283)\u2026 L\u00fd B\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai sinh B\u1ea1ch L\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c L\u01b0 S\u01a1n, huy\u1ec7n C\u1eedu Giang. \u0110\u1eddi Nam \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (937 \u2013 975), t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1ea1ch L\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ee9c L\u01b0 S\u01a1n qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc. Sang th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng (960 \u2013 1127), Th\u00e1i t\u00f4ng (976 \u2013 997) n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p B\u1ea1ch L\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh B\u1ea1ch L\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u trung t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Trung Hoa th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng suy y\u1ebfu, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf b\u00ea. \u0110\u1eddi Nam T\u1ed1ng, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Nam X\u01b0\u01a1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1179 \u2013 1181, Chu Hy cho tu s\u1eeda B\u1ea1ch L\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 L\u1ee5c C\u1eedu Uy\u00ean (1139 \u2013 1192), L\u1eef T\u1ed5 Khi\u00eam (1137 \u2013 1181)\u2026. Nh\u1edd n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi th\u1ea7y Chu, T\u1ed1ng nho h\u00f9ng c\u1ee9 Giang T\u00e2y su\u1ed1t t\u00e1m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0 sinh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khoa c\u1eed l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i s\u1ea3n sinh t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a danh s\u01b0, danh t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i Nho h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i H\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u. H\u1ee9a Tinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 s\u01b0 chi ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y mang t\u00ean Hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ti\u00ean r\u1ed3i bay l\u00ean tr\u1eddi c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gia s\u00fac trong nh\u00e0. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u d\u1ef1ng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n t\u00ean Du Duy d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n T\u00e2y s\u01a1n, tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 c\u0169, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u00f4ng. Hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng-T\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3. N\u0103m 1010, T\u1ed1ng Ch\u00e2n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean \u201cDu Duy qu\u00e1n\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cNg\u1ecdc Long cung\u201d. N\u0103m 1116, T\u1ed1ng Huy t\u00f4ng, ban th\u00eam m\u1ef9 t\u1ef1 V\u1ea1n Th\u1ecd n\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cNg\u1ecdc Long V\u1ea1n Th\u1ecd cung\u201d. V\u1ec1 sau, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ctrung\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh T\u1ecbnh Minh Trung Hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o.[21] Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i du h\u00e0nh Giang T\u00e2y, Ninh v\u01b0\u01a1ng Chu Quy\u1ec1n (1378 \u2013 1448), em trai Minh Th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 Chu \u0110\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Y\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng tranh \u0111o\u1ea1t ng\u00f4i vua c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ebfn V\u0103n \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn Nam X\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c \u1ea5p. Ninh v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb tr\u1ebb, v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh Minh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian tu luy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y s\u01a1n. [22]<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i gh\u00e9 thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m d\u1ecbch tr\u1ea1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Hoa. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i chuy\u1ebfn phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u01b0\u1eddi ba tr\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng Quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0nh ch\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt l\u00e2u, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i c\u00f3 ph\u00f3ng b\u00fat t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? X\u00e9t k\u1ef9 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u1ee8c Trai, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u201cQuan h\u1ea3i \u95dc\u6d77\u201d, \u201cB\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng h\u1ea3i kh\u1ea9u \u767d\u85e4\u6d77\u53e3\u201d, \u201cV\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n \u96f2\u5c6f\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra nh\u00e2n chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec l\u00fac r\u1eddi An Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t \u00e1o h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u95dc\u6d77<\/b> <\/b><\/p>\n

\u6a01\u6728\u91cd\u91cd\u6d77\u6d6a\u524d
\u6c89\u6c5f\u9435\u9396\u4ea6\u5f92\u7136
\u8986\u821f\u59cb\u4fe1\u6c11\u7336\u6c34
\u6043\u96aa\u96e3\u6191\u547d\u5728\u5929
\u798d\u798f\u6709\u5a92\u975e\u4e00\u65e5
\u82f1\u96c4\u907a\u6068\u5e7e\u5343\u5e74
\u4e7e\u5764\u4eca\u53e4\u7121\u7aae\u610f
\u537b\u5728\u6ec4\u6d6a\u9060\u6a39\u7159<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Quan h\u1ea3i<\/b><\/p>\n

Thung m\u1ed9c tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ea3i l\u00e3ng ti\u1ec1n
Tr\u1ea7m giang thi\u1ebft t\u1ecfa di\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3 nhi\u00ean
Ph\u00fac chu th\u1ee7y t\u00edn d\u00e2n do th\u1ee7y(83)
<\/sup>Th\u1ecb hi\u1ec3m nan b\u1eb1ng m\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1i thi\u00ean
H\u1ecda ph\u00fac h\u1eefu m\u00f4i phi nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eadt
Anh h\u00f9ng di h\u1eadn k\u1ef7 thi\u00ean ni\u00ean
C\u00e0n kh\u00f4n kim c\u1ed5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00fd
Kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng lang vi\u1ec5n th\u1ee5 y\u00ean<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u00f3ng c<\/b>\u1eed<\/b>a bi<\/b>\u1ec3<\/b>n<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc g\u1ed7 h\u1ebft l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c,
L\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u1ea7m x\u00edch s\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec1u u\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng th\u00f4i!
B\u1ecb l\u1eadt thuy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc,
\u0110\u00e3 c\u1eady th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m th\u00ec kh\u00f3 t\u1ef1a m\u1ec7nh tr\u1eddi.
H\u1ecda ph\u00fac c\u00f3 duy\u00ean \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0y,
Anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0nh l\u01b0u h\u1eadn m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m.
\u00dd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba x\u01b0a nay,
Hi\u1ec7n ra n\u01a1i s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y xa b\u00ean d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 ra bi\u1ec3n theo tuy\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng \u2013 s\u00f4ng \u0110u\u1ed1ng \u2013 s\u00f4ng Kinh Th\u1ea7y \u2013 s\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1 (ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u00e1 B\u1ea1c) \u2013 s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng.(84)<\/sup> Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a l\u00e2u sau tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1407 l\u00fac d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f2n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t. B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u, Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c\u0111\u1ecba l\u1ee3i\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m \u201cnh\u00e2n h\u00f2a\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cthi\u00ean th\u1eddi\u201d n\u00ean th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, qua B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng giang ph\u00fa, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e1n Si\u00eau t\u1eebng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 do \u201cquan h\u00e0 chi hi\u1ec3m \u95dc\u6cb3\u4e4b\u96aa\u201d t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n do \u201c\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c chi m\u1ea1c kinh \u61ff\u5fb7\u4e4b\u83ab\u4eac\u201d t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Trong k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, ngo\u00e0i \u201cquan h\u00e0\u201d Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eafc \u201c\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d thay v\u00ec nh\u1eafc \u201ctr\u1eddi\u201d hay \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d; c\u00f3 l\u1ebd theo \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1edbn khi\u1ebfn hai vua Tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadn l\u00f2ng tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00dd t\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb b\u00e0i Quan h\u1ea3i cho th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00e0i ph\u00fa Th\u0103ng Ph\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u1ee5c thi\u00ean-\u0111\u1ecba-nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec7n minh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm l\u1ed1i \u0111i kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u201cthi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh\u201d. Ai c\u1ea5m nh\u00e0 nho t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u01b0u t\u00fa t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Quan. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1edd t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nho s\u0129 An Nam h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd H\u1ed3. C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Ngu \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1eabn b\u00ean trong. Sau chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i, d\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n, d\u00e2n kinh l\u1ed9 ng\u1ea3 theo Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac. L\u00f2ng trung t\u1eebng gi\u1eef v\u1edbi h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m. Ch\u00ednh Phi Khanh \u0111\u00e3 quay l\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 trong gi\u1edd ph\u00fat nguy c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 th\u00e2n \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o. D\u00f9ng danh hi\u1ec7u \u201canh h\u00f9ng\u201d t\u00f4n vinh H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly, trong th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t Nguy\u1ec5n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00faa c\u0169 ch\u01b0a x\u1ee9ng b\u1eadc v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3. Nh\u00e0 nho gi\u1eef l\u00f2ng trung v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee5 m\u1ec7nh tr\u1eddi, ai l\u1ea1i trung v\u1edbi v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng tr\u01a1 v\u01a1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2n ch\u00fang? Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 t\u00edch h\u1ecda, Nguy\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ecbu b\u00e1ng trong \u201cB\u1eadu gieo ti\u1ebfng d\u1eef cho r\u1ed3i b\u1eadu ra!\u201d Nh\u01b0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai? Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1ee5 \u00fd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng trong l\u00e0n kh\u00f3i. Kh\u00f4ng-c\u00f3-h\u1ee3p-tan, bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n thi\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u767d\u85e4\u6d77\u53e3<\/b><\/p>\n

\u6714\u98a8\u5439\u6d77\u6c23\u51cc\u51cc
\u8f15\u8d77\u541f\u5e06\u904e\u767d\u85e4
\u9c77\u65b7\u9be8\u5233\u5c71\u66f2\u66f2
\u6208\u6c89\u621f\u6298\u5cb8\u5c64\u5c64
\u95dc\u6cb3\u767e\u4e8c\u7531\u5929\u8a2d
\u8c6a\u5091\u529f\u540d\u6b64\u5730\u66fe
\u5f80\u4e8b\u56de\u982d\u55df\u5df2\u77e3
\u81e8\u6d41\u64ab\u666f\u610f\u96e3\u52dd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng h\u1ea3i kh\u1ea9u<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u00f3c phong xung h\u1ea3i kh\u00ed l\u0103ng l\u0103ng(85)
<\/sup>Khinh kh\u1edfi ng\u00e2m ph\u00e0m qu\u00e1 B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng
Ng\u1ea1c \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u00ecnh khoa s\u01a1n kh\u00fac kh\u00fac
Qua tr\u1ea7m k\u00edch chi\u1ebft ng\u1ea1n t\u1eb1ng t\u1eb1ng
Quan h\u00e0 b\u00e1ch nh\u1ecb(86)<\/sup> do thi\u00ean thi\u1ebft
H\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng danh th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eb1ng
V\u00e3ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u ta d\u0129 h\u0129
L\u00e2m l\u01b0u ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea3nh \u00fd nan th\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C<\/b>\u1eed<\/b>a bi<\/b>\u1ec3<\/b>n B<\/b>\u1ea1<\/b>ch <\/b>\u0110<\/b>\u1eb1<\/b>ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5c d\u1eady bi\u1ec3n, kh\u00ed th\u1ebf l\u1ed3ng l\u1ed9ng,
Nh\u1eb9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u1ed3m th\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1edbt qua B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng.
N\u00fai kh\u00fac khu\u1ef7u nh\u01b0 s\u1ea5u b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t, k\u00ecnh b\u1ecb m\u1ed5,
B\u1edd lau tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1ef1a k\u00edch g\u00e3y, gi\u00e1o ch\u00ecm.
Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec3m, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi,
(N\u00ean) \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng danh.
Quay \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i, than \u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c c\u0169 qua r\u1ed3i!
\u0110\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebfng c\u1ea3nh, \u00fd kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3 xi\u1ebft\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u201cB\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng giang ph\u00fa\u201d thu nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n, xin ghi l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e1n Si\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh hai b\u00ean b\u1edd: \u201cCh\u1eed \u0111\u1ecbch ng\u1ea1n l\u00f4 s\u1eaft s\u1eaft s\u01b0u s\u01b0u, chi\u1ebft k\u00edch tr\u1ea7m giang kh\u00f4 c\u1ed1t doanh kh\u00e2u \u6e1a\u83b7\u5cb8\u8606\u745f\u745f\u98bc\u98bc\u6298\u621f\u6c89\u6c5f\u67af\u9aa8\u76c8\u90b1,\u201d[24] b\u00e3i l\u00e1ch b<\/i>\u1edd<\/i> lau r<\/i>\u00ec<\/i> r<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>o x\u00e0o x<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>c, gi<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>o g<\/i>\u00e3<\/i>y ch<\/i>\u00ec<\/i>m xu<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>ng s<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng, x<\/i>\u01b0\u01a1<\/i>ng kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i> <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ea7<\/i>y g<\/i>\u00f2<\/i>.<\/i> Nguy\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c gi\u1eb7c hay x\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n, b\u1edd lau l\u00e1ch ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ecm gi\u00e1o g\u00e3y ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t. So s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng \u00fd H\u00e1n Si\u00eau. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o v\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00edn thi\u00ean ti\u1ec7m(87)<\/sup> chi thi\u1ebft hi\u1ec3m, L\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n ki\u1ec7t d\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec7n an \u4fe1\u5929\u5879\u4e4b\u8a2d\u96aa \u8cf4\u4eba\u5091\u4ee5\u5960\u5b89,\u201d[25] th<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>t l<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>: h<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>o tr<\/i>\u1edd<\/i>i t<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>o hi<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>m, l<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>i nh<\/i>\u1edd<\/i>: ng<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>i t<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>i <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ecb<\/i>nh an.<\/i> Hai c\u00e2u 5, 6 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn: Tr\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1edd khai th\u00e1c th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i sao H\u1ed3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i? <\/i><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi H\u00e1n Si\u00eau, d\u0129 v\u00e3ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u00f2n m\u00e3i: \u201cAnh phong kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u1ea9u bi b\u1ea5t san. Ho\u00e0i c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n h\u1ec1 v\u1eabn th\u1ebf, l\u00e2m giang l\u01b0u h\u1ec1 h\u1eadu nhan \u82f1\u98a8\u53ef\u60f3\u53e3\u7891\u4e0d\u520a\u61f7\u53e4\u4eba\u516e\u9695\u6d95\u81e8\u6c5f\u6d41\u516e\u539a\u984f,\u201d[26] Anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1ng t<\/i>\u01b0\u1edf<\/i>ng, bia mi<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i>ng ch<\/i>\u0103<\/i>ng m<\/i>\u00f2<\/i>n. Nh<\/i>\u1edb<\/i> ng<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>i x<\/i>\u01b0<\/i>a m\u00e0 l<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i> r<\/i>\u01a1<\/i>i, nh<\/i>\u00ec<\/i>n d<\/i>\u00f2<\/i>ng s<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng m<\/i>\u00e0<\/i> <\/i>\u1ee7<\/i> m<\/i>\u1eb7<\/i>t. <\/i>V\u1edbi \u1ee8c Trai th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u00e3ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh-b\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n tr\u00f4i qua. Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u hai ch\u1eef \u201cd\u0129 h\u0129 \u5df2\u77e3\u201d tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n Du: \u201cPh\u00fac b\u1ed3n d\u0129 h\u0129 nan thu th\u1ee7y, \u0110o\u1ea1n ng\u1eabu th\u01b0\u01a1ng tai v\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ti \u8986\u76c6\u5df2\u77e3\u96e3\u6536\u6c34\u65b7\u85d5\u50b7\u54c9\u672a\u7d55\u7d72,\u201d[27] N<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>c <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ed5<\/i> r<\/i>\u1ed3<\/i>i, v<\/i>\u00e9<\/i>t l<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>m sao? Ng<\/i>\u00f3<\/i> sen d<\/i>\u00f9<\/i> <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ee9<\/i>t t<\/i>\u01a1<\/i> n<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>o c<\/i>\u00f2<\/i>n v<\/i>\u01b0\u01a1<\/i>ng! <\/i>Nh\u00f3m H\u1eadu Tr\u1ea7n \u1edf Thanh Ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec? H\u1ecd ch\u01b0a gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh \u0111\u00e3 quay sang gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Nh\u00f3m tinh hoa \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec? H\u1ecd l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t k\u00e9o sang Kim L\u0103ng khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec? L\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Hoa nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam c\u00f2n c\u01a1 may n\u00e0o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t \u0111i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng: theo \u00f4ng, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 sang trang. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u96f2\u5c6f<\/b><\/p>\n

\u8def\u5165\u96f2\u5c6f\u5c71\u5fa9\u5c71
\u5929\u6062\u5730\u8a2d\u4ed8\u5947\u89c0
\u4e00\u76e4\u85cd\u78a7\u6f84\u660e\u93e1
\u842c\u659b\u9d09\u9752\u9b0c\u7fe0\u9b1f
\u5b87\u5b99\u9813\u6e05\u5875\u6d77\u5cb3
\u98a8\u6ce2\u4e0d\u52d5\u9435\u5fc3\u809d
\u671b\u4e2d\u5cb8\u8349\u840b\u840b\u7da0
\u9053\u662f\u85e9\u4eba\u99d0\u8236\u7063<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

V\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3n<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp v\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3n san ph\u1ee5c san
Thi\u00ean kh\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecba thi\u1ebft ph\u00f3 k\u1ef3 quan
Nh\u1ea5t b\u00e0n lam b\u00edch tr\u1eebng minh k\u00ednh
V\u1ea1n h\u1ed9c nha thanh \u0111\u00f3a th\u00fay ho\u00e0n
V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1n thanh tr\u1ea7n h\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1c
Phong ba b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft t\u00e2m can
V\u1ecdng trung ng\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o th\u00ea th\u00ea l\u1ee5c
\u0110\u1ea1o th\u1ecb phi\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u00fa b\u1ea1c loan<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

V\u00e2n \u0110<\/b>\u1ed3<\/b>n<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n n\u00fai l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp n\u00fai,
\u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng ban t\u1eb7ng c\u1ea3nh quan di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3.
(M\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n) t\u1ef1a c\u00e1i m\u00e2m m\u00e0u bi\u1ebfc trong v\u1eaft nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng,
(H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o) xanh \u0111en to v\u1ea1n h\u1ed9c tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u00fai t\u00f3c m\u00e0u th\u00fay.
V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch bi\u1ec3n n\u00fai b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m,
S\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m can ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng.
Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1edd th\u1ea5y c\u1ecf xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t,
Nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed7 thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n kh\u00ed \u201cQuan h\u1ea3i\u201d, \u201cB\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng h\u1ea3i kh\u1ea9u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cV\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau. Ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb r\u1eafn r\u1ecfi, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m, ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y mai cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tu\u1ed5i c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n Nguy\u1ec5n theo d\u00f2ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng ra bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp: l\u1eabn tr\u00e1nh H\u1eadu Tr\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u (1407 \u2013 1410), sang Kim L\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n (kho\u1ea3ng 1410 \u2013 1411), vua Th\u00e1i t\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c (1439 \u2013 1442). T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh an, t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00fa v\u1ecb du h\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e9p lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c trong ray r\u1ee9t s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t qu\u00e3ng 1407 \u2013 1410. Ngo\u00e0i kh\u00ed v\u0103n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ecdc g\u1ed7 c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n Minh c\u00f2n tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ngay c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n, k\u00fd \u1ee9c x\u1ed1n xang v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u01a1i r\u00f3i, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c non n\u1edbt v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eadu thuy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1edf V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n\u2026 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ecf qua th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c trong qu\u00e3ng 1439 – 1442. T\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tim gan b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft t\u00ecm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Minh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ea3 ba.<\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm b\u1edfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0: Phan Phu Ti\u00ean (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV), Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u1eafc Ki\u1ec7m (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV), D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Nhan (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV), L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII), D\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Cung (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX)\u2026. Qua l\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u1ee8c Trai thi t\u1eadp, D\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Cung cho bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng tham kh\u1ea3o Tinh tuy\u1ec3n (D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Nhan), Vi\u1ec7t \u00e2m (Phan Phu Ti\u00ean) v\u00e0 To\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t thi t\u1eadp (L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch. Sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u01a1 \u1ee8c Trai, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m Phan V\u00f5-L\u00ea Th\u01b0\u1edbc-\u0110\u00e0o Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00ecnh (1962), \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh (1969), Ho\u00e0ng Kh\u00f4i (1972), B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean (1994), nh\u00f3m Mai Qu\u1ed1c Li\u00ean (1998)\u2026 Trong \u0111\u00f3, hai nh\u00f3m Phan-L\u00ea-\u0110\u00e0o v\u00e0 Mai Qu\u1ed1c Li\u00ean x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n nghi v\u00ec s\u1eed li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c hay d\u00e2n gian, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gia ph\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i s\u1ee9 Hoa. C\u1ee5 \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh d\u00f9 tin Nguy\u1ec5n xu\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1ed3n nghi v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ri\u00eang, \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c khi sang Trung qu\u1ed1c. <\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng Kh\u00f4i bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u1ee8c Trai thi t\u1eadp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi D\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Cung, B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean sau khi b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c b\u00e0i m\u1edbi do \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i. Hai v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Hoa. Thao t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Kh\u00f4i hay B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean tuy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng \u00edt c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1eed li\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 xem nh\u1eb9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n thi ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u01a1 n\u00e0o v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n nghi thi\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u01a1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5 \u0110\u00e0o c\u00e0ng m\u00f4ng lung b\u1edfi ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Oliver William Wolters (1915 \u2013 2000) t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t khi xem th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII, XIV nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u ch\u1edb n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua,[28] nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec tin v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh m\u00e0 b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i trong l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c.[29] Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ee8ng Long l\u00e0m quan nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Tr\u1ea7n c\u1eed \u0111i s\u1ee9 Minh; th\u01a1 v\u0103n Nh\u1ecb Kh\u00ea l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean hai vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 ra l\u00e0m quan d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi H\u1ed3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Minh Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i ch\u00e9p \u1ee8ng Long \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Kinh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f3 s\u1ee9 n\u0103m 1396, tri\u1ec1u vua Tr\u1ea7n Thu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng, khi \u0111ang nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c Thi\u1ebfu trung \u0110\u1ea1i phu.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 b\u00e0i l\u1ea5n c\u1ea5n n\u1ed5i c\u1ed9m nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ed3 trung k\u00fd h\u1eefu \u9014\u4e2d\u5bc4\u53cb\u201d, hay \u201cQu\u00e1 h\u1ea3i \u904e\u6d77\u201d. \u201c\u0110\u1ed3 trung k\u00fd h\u1eefu\u201d c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p trong thi t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00fat d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng; ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb khu\u00f4n s\u00e1o ngh\u00e8o n\u1ed9i dung, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t chi li, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u1ee8c Trai. \u201cQu\u00e1 h\u1ea3i\u201d c\u00f3 l\u1eabn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u00e0i th\u01a1 L\u00ea L\u1ee3i cho kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch n\u00fai H\u00e0o Tr\u00e1ng (H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh nay) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1432. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a th\u01a1 vua v\u00e0o th\u01a1 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong sinh th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i. Ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu th\u01a1 H\u00e0o Tr\u00e1ng do Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i so\u1ea1n theo m\u1ec7nh, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng vua g\u1eafn v\u00e0o th\u01a1 ri\u00eang. C\u1ee5 \u0110\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0 th\u1ecb gia ph\u1ea3 \u984c\u76e7\u6c0f\u5bb6\u8b5c\u201d, \u201cLam quan ho\u00e0i c\u1ed5 \u85cd\u95dc\u61f7\u53e4\u201d l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1eabn v\u00e0o v\u00ec \u00fd t\u1ee9, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1ea1 l\u1eabm so v\u1edbi phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1ee8c Trai. Nh\u01b0ng \u201cT\u1eb7ng Kh\u1ed5ng Nhan M\u1ea1nh tam th\u1ecb t\u1eed t\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o th\u1ee5 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh \u8d08\u5b54\u984f\u5b5f\u4e09\u6c0f\u5b50\u5b6b\u6559\u6388\u592a\u5e73\u201d, \u201cThi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 \u97f6\u5dde\u5373\u4e8b\u201d hay \u201c\u0110\u1ec1 Nam Hoa thi\u1ec1n ph\u00f2ng \u984c\u5357\u82b1\u79aa\u623f\u201d l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i lu\u1ed3ng th\u01a1 chung. Nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh ba \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng \u201c\u0110\u1ed3 trung k\u00fd h\u1eefu\u201d, Qu\u00e1 h\u1ea3i\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0 th\u1ecb gia ph\u1ea3\u201d, \u201cLam quan ho\u00e0i c\u1ed5\u201d l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1ee8c Trai v\u00ec th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, c\u0169ng v\u00ec s\u1ee3 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng do Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. C\u1ea7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9, nhi\u1ec1u thao t\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng minh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Theo thi\u1ec3n \u00fd, n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u01a1 v\u0103n \u1ee8c Trai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng ti\u1ec3u truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0i nghi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u1eed hay d\u00e3 s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u1ee8c Trai, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. (88)<\/sup> T\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u truy\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i gia t\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i s\u1ebd thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u m\u1edbi tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a, d\u1ecbch xu\u00f4i d\u0103m b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh Trung Hoa. C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb, ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, l\u1ed1i \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u2026, n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thi ph\u00e1p, cho th\u1ea5y chu\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ngh\u0129, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch th\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nghi th\u1ee9c trang tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch An Nam v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f2i canh, ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m thanh d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1eadn, t\u00f9 v\u00e0. V\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n tuy nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng mang th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 do t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ch\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch tr\u1ea1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi d\u00e2n binh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ed5 quan An Nam c\u1ea7m gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1m h\u1ee3p sang tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i \u1edf Kim L\u0103ng. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn so v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0n n\u0103m t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o khi xem c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 b\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u1ee8c Trai v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u00ec sao th\u01a1 l\u00e0m b\u00ean ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady. Theo th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n do ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd, Nguy\u1ec5n r\u1eddi Giao Ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1410 v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1417. Tr\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian \u0111i, v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t hai n\u0103m, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m n\u0103m s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u00f2ng m\u1eabu qu\u1ed1c. V\u1edbi b\u00fat l\u1ef1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, tr\u00e1i tim nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. Trong b\u00e0i \u201cThanh Minh\u201d, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 An Nam, \u1ee8c Trai b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u1ebfu L\u0103ng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01a1i n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb nh\u00e0. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y d\u00f9 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn ch\u01b0a cao n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed Minh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m hay \u0111i\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n, Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n, tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ebft. V\u0103n nh\u00e2n h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n b\u00ecnh y\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch v\u1edf t\u00f9y th\u00e2n, duy\u00ean do g\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u01a1 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng b\u00e0i n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3? Theo thi\u1ec3n \u00fd, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n th\u01a1 \u1ee8c Trai s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Trung nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n sau.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, ba nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ba d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Ph\u1eadt, T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh d\u00f2ng Nho, m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t h\u01a1n c\u00f3 Ch\u00e2n qu\u00e2n H\u1ee9a T\u1ed1n d\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ea1o. <\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng, V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ee8c Trai c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o chung? Xin th\u01b0a c\u00f3. C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u0129nh Nam, Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng g\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn qu\u00ea \u1edf Thi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i quan tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Hoa B\u1eafc. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n Hoa H\u1ea1 k\u00ednh th\u1edd. Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn hai v\u1ecb, Nguy\u1ec5n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u00edn k\u00e8m k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u201cg\u00e3 m\u1ecdi r\u1ee3\u201d Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n H\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao \u00e1o m\u0169 nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n l\u1ebd n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng, Tinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee8c Trai c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o chung? Xin th\u01b0a c\u00f3. Hai v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u201ch\u00e0ng long\u201d h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc ch\u1ebf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ef1c nam Tr\u01b0\u1eddng giang. T\u1eeb kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nho nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n mang th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p g\u00ec ? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1, v\u1edbi c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0i xu\u00e2n? N\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cb\u1ea3o d\u00e2n nhi v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u4fdd\u6c11\u800c\u738b\u201d,[30] che ch<\/i>\u1edf<\/i> d<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i> l<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>m vua<\/i> c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh t\u1eed m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc. <\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao qu\u00e1t, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh. Ch\u1ee9c danh cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng Trung th\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai trong Trung th\u01b0 s\u1ea3nh. N\u1ebfu quan B\u00ecnh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf hay qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n th\u01b0 hay c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a-gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Tuy v\u1eady, phong c\u00e1ch hai v\u1ecb ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nhau. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf thi h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5m no cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. <\/p>\n

<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n

(52)<\/sup> Tam \u0111\u00f4ng: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c th\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1p. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1eafp h\u1ebft n\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ee3 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3n T\u1ebft x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e2u 5.
(53)<\/sup> Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u9664\u6388\u6559\u5b98\u9ece\u666f\u6042\u7b49\u7de3\u662f\u571f\u4eba\u8aa0\u6050\u5f92\u4e0a\u865b\u6587\u672a\u898b\u5be6\u6548\u4e5e\u9078\u8001\u6210\u6709\u5b78\u582a\u70ba\u5e2b\u7bc4\u8005\u5178\u6559\u4ffe\u5176\u5b50\u5f1f\u7fd2\u77e5\u4e2d\u570b\u79ae\u7fa9. (Minh Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c I, 882)
(54)<\/sup> Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: \u5176\u8a5e\u9119\u4fda\u53ef\u618e. (Minh Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c II, 572)
(55)<\/sup> Th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ecbch (210 \u2013 263): \u201cD\u1ea1 trung b\u1ea5t n\u0103ng m\u1ecb\u2026\u01afu t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u591c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bd0\u2026.\u6182\u601d\u7368\u50b7\u5fc3,\u201d Gi<\/i>\u1eef<\/i>a <\/i>\u0111\u00ea<\/i>m kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng ng<\/i>\u1ee7<\/i> <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3<\/i>c<\/i>\u2026<\/i> Lo ngh<\/i>\u0129<\/i> th<\/i>\u01b0\u01a1<\/i>ng t<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>m ri<\/i>\u00ea<\/i>ng m<\/i>\u00ec<\/i>nh.
<\/i>(56)<\/sup> B\u00ecnh Nam: nay l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh Nam, tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Qu\u1ebf C\u1ea3ng, Khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y.
(57)<\/sup> <\/b>Qu\u00e1n <\/b>\u9928: <\/b>c\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201c<\/b>qu\u00e1n \u89c0\u201d th\u00ec chu\u1ea9n h\u01a1n.
(58)<\/sup> <\/b>Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u, nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, c\u00f3 n\u00fai t\u00ean B\u1ea1ch H\u1ea1c g\u1ea7n c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Qu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng T\u1ea7m. B\u1ea1ch H\u1ea1c s\u01a1n v\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch H\u1ea1c qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1a l\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u00fai gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch. L\u00e2m qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch H\u1ea1c qu\u00e1n x\u01b0a.
(59)<\/sup> <\/b>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n. Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i r\u1eafn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u00e2m vang c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eebng sinh s\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eafn, k\u00e8m theo nhi\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 r\u1eafn.
(60)<\/sup> H\u1ecfa s\u01a1n: n\u00fai T\u00e2y Nham, \u1edf ph\u00eda nam Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u, hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 vua Nam Vi\u1ec7t Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 ch\u00f4n ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ean n\u00fai, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng g\u01b0\u01a1m b\u00e1u t\u1ecfa h\u00e0o quang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi T\u00e2y Nham l\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda.
(61)<\/sup> <\/b>B\u0103ng t\u1ec9nh: c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u0103ng tuy\u1ec1n\u201d. Nay l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean sinh th\u00e1i c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m Ng\u00f4 ch\u00e2u kho\u1ea3ng 120km.
(62)<\/sup> T\u00edch: g\u1eady b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebfc tra v\u00f2ng kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c.
(63)<\/sup> Kham: t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c trang th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt.
(64)<\/sup> \u201cTho\u00e1t \u812b\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u201cthu\u1ebf \u86fb\u201d, tho\u00e1t x\u00e1c<\/i>.
(65)<\/sup> Ch\u00e2n th\u00e2n: th\u00e2n x\u00e1c th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.
(66)<\/sup> T\u00e0o Kh\u00ea: t\u00ean d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng ch\u00f9a.
(67)<\/sup> Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n \u201ckim c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i\u201d. Sau th\u1ecb t\u1ecbch, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. \u1ede ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1eadu (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), c\u00f3 hai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb s\u01b0 V\u0169 Kh\u1eafc Minh, V\u0169 Kh\u1eafc Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII). \u1ede Buryatia (Nga), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1t ma Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX).
(68)<\/sup> Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eddi sang ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1edbi, ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00fac Nguy\u1ec5n du h\u00e0nh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n L\u1ee5c t\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 th\u1edd th\u00eam t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec th\u1eddi Minh l\u00e0 \u0110an \u0110i\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 (1535 \u2013 1614) v\u00e0 H\u00e0m S\u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c Thanh (1546 \u2013 1623).
(69)<\/sup> Mi\u1ebfu V\u0103n hi\u1ebfn: t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh, t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u Th\u1ee7y H\u01b0ng V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn b\u00e1. Mi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean Mai l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 ghi c\u00f4ng \u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e8o.
(70)<\/sup> Y\u1ebft nhi: ch\u1ec9 An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n (703 \u2013 757), c\u00f3 m\u1eb9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft, g\u00e2y n\u00ean lo\u1ea1n An S\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Minh ho\u00e0ng.
(71)<\/sup> Kim gi\u00e1m l\u1ee5c: t\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean thu kim gi\u00e1m l\u1ee5c, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch C\u1eedu Linh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng sinh nh\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng n\u0103m 736. S\u00e1ch b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn th\u1ecbnh suy \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a, l\u1ea5y x\u01b0a l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng soi \u0111\u1eddi nay.
(72)<\/sup> Kh\u00fac giang t\u1eeb: khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n th\u00edch. \u0110\u1ec1n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u00e2n n\u00fai La Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng, huy\u1ec7n Trinh Giang, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Thi\u1ec1u Quan.
(73)<\/sup> Thi\u00ean thu l\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u1eebng sinh nh\u1eadt ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Thuy\u1ebft (663 \u2013 730) v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n . H\u1ed9i Thi\u00ean thu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khai m\u1ea1c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m Khai Nguy\u00ean XVII (729).
(74)<\/sup> C\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u0111\u1ed3n canh. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ng\u1ef1a ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c v\u1eeba l\u00fac t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e8o.
(75)<\/sup> Mai quan: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh (678 \u2013 740) khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u mai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean d\u00e2n gian l\u1ea5y t\u00ean hoa l\u00e0m t\u00ean c\u1eeda \u1ea3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng thay mai b\u1eb1ng t\u00f9ng \u1edf s\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda nam.
(76)<\/sup> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An: ch\u1ec9 Kim L\u0103ng, kinh \u0111\u00f4 nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.
(77)<\/sup> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1edbng: ch\u1ec9 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh.
(78)<\/sup> H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4: nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Nam X\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 t\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00e2y.
(79)(80)<\/sup> Nam ph\u1ed1, t\u00e2y s\u01a1n: hai \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong \u201c\u0110\u1eb1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ef1\u201d. Nam ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, t\u00e2y s\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m n\u00fai ng\u00e0y nay mang t\u00ean Mai l\u0129nh, n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y trung t\u00e2m Nam X\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 15km. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn danh th\u1eafng G\u00e1c \u0110\u1eb1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ecd V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m kinh \u0111\u1ed9ng quan kh\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh t\u00f2a l\u1ea7u m\u1edbi tu s\u1eeda.
(81)<\/sup> Tinh d\u01b0\u01a1ng: t\u1ee9c H\u1ee9a T\u1ed1n (239 \u2013 336), t\u1ef1 K\u00ednh Chi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n (317 \u2013 420). \u00d4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp T\u1ecbnh Minh \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp thu nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian. Tinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean huy\u1ec7n (nay thu\u1ed9c T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean) n\u01a1i H\u1ee9a T\u1ed1n l\u00e0m quan cai tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi sau t\u00f4n m\u1ef9 hi\u1ec7u \u201cH\u1ee9a ch\u00e2n qu\u00e2n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cH\u1ee9a Tinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean s\u01b0\u201d.
(82)<\/sup> Thi\u1ebft tr\u1ee5: tr\u1ee5 s\u1eaft do H\u1ee9a ch\u00e2n qu\u00e2n d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n y\u1ec3m th\u1ee7y qu\u00e1i. \u0110\u1ea1o qu\u00e1n n\u01a1i H\u1ee9a T\u1ed1n tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 nay c\u00f3 t\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc Long V\u1ea1n Th\u1ecd cung (t\u1ee9c Thi\u1ebft Tr\u1ee5 cung), n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u00e2n n\u00fai c\u00f9ng t\u00ean T\u00e2y s\u01a1n, l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 s\u01a1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh Minh \u0111\u1ea1o.
(83)<\/sup> Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed gia ng\u1eef: \u201cPh\u00f9 qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3, chu d\u00e3; th\u1ee9 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3, th\u1ee7y d\u00e3. Th\u1ee7y s\u1edf d\u0129 t\u1ea3i chu, di\u1ec7c s\u1edf d\u0129 ph\u00fac chu \u592b\u541b\u8005\u3001\u821f\u4e5f\uff1b\u5eb6\u4eba\u8005\u3001\u6c34\u4e5f\u3002\u6c34\u6240\u4ee5\u8f09\u821f\uff0c\u4ea6\u6240\u4ee5\u8986\u821f,\u201d Vua l\u00e0 thuy<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>n, d<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n l<\/i>\u00e0<\/i> n<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>c. N<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>c <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i> ch<\/i>\u1edf<\/i> thuy<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>n m<\/i>\u00e0<\/i> c<\/i>\u0169<\/i>ng c<\/i>\u00f3<\/i> th<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i> l<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>t thuy<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>n <\/i>(d\u1eabn theo Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng D\u01b0\u01a1ng). Thi\u00ean \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebf\u201d, s\u00e1ch Tu\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: \u201cQu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3, chu d\u00e3, th\u1ee9 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3, th\u1ee7y d\u00e3; th\u1ee7y t\u1eafc t\u1ea3i chu, th\u1ee7y t\u1eafc ph\u00fac chu \u541b\u8005\u3001\u821f\u4e5f\uff0c\u5eb6\u4eba\u8005\u3001\u6c34\u4e5f\uff1b\u6c34\u5247\u8f09\u821f\uff0c\u6c34\u5247\u8986\u821f,\u201d Vua l\u00e0 thuy<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>n, th<\/i>\u1ee9<\/i> nh<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n nh<\/i>\u01b0<\/i> n<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>c; n<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>c ch<\/i>\u1edf<\/i> thuy<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>n, c<\/i>\u0169<\/i>ng l<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>m l<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>t thuy<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>n. <\/i>Tu\u00e2n t\u1eed (313 TCN \u2013 238 TCN) kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u201ctruy\u1ec7n \u50b3\u201d, t\u00e1c ph<\/i>\u1ea9<\/i>m gi<\/i>\u1ea3<\/i>i ngh<\/i>\u0129<\/i>a kinh<\/i> c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.
(84)<\/sup> Theo \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh, s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Chanh hi\u1ec7n nay.[23]
(85)<\/sup> Gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5c n\u1ed5i khi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean. Ca dao \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean, gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5c ch\u1edb qua s\u00f4ng R\u1eebng.\u201d Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Nguy\u1ec5n xu\u00f4i con n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n v\u1eeba l\u00fac d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u.
(86)<\/sup> Quan h\u00e0 b\u00e1ch nh\u1ecb: v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, n\u01a1i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u1ecb) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u0103m (b\u00e1ch) ng\u01b0\u1eddi. X\u01b0a ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3i H\u00e0m C\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea7n.
(87)<\/sup> Thi\u00ean ti\u1ec7m: h\u00e0o tr\u1eddi, v\u00ed s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh. \u201cThi\u00ean ti\u1ec7m\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cthi\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u00f3ng vai ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef trong c\u00e2u, \u0111i song song v\u1edbi \u201cnh\u00e2n ki\u1ec7t\u201d \u1edf v\u1ebf sau. \u201cThi\u00ean\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201ct\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d hay \u201cthi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u00f4ng tr\u1eddi\u201d.
(88)<\/sup> Theo th\u1eddi gian, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam b\u1edbt, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u0103n th\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 mang t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hay ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc; \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eed li\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Do v\u1eady, s\u1eed li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb3n kh\u1ecfi d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u0103n th\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1eadt. <\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li<\/u><\/b>\u1ec7<\/u><\/b>u tham kh<\/u><\/b>\u1ea3<\/u><\/b>o :<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n

[11] Xem Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ecb Ki\u1ec1u Trang, V<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> quan h<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i> s<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>ch phong, tri<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>u c<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>ng Minh <\/i>\u2013<\/i> <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>i Vi<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i>t, <\/i>Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt, trang 355-359.
[12] Xem Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc, Nguy<\/i>\u1ec5<\/i>n Du to<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>n t<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p 2, <\/i>Mai Qu\u1ed1c Li\u00ean \u2013 V\u0169 Tu\u00e2n S\u00e1n d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch, Nxb V\u0103n H\u1ecdc (2015), trang 424-425.
[13] Th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00edch t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n L<\/i>\u1ee5<\/i>c t<\/i>\u1ed5<\/i> <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>i s<\/i>\u01b0<\/i>, con ng<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>i & huy<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>n tho<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>i<\/i>, Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn, Nxb T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o.
[14] V\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, xem Eugene Y. Wang, Mirror, Moon, and Memory in Eighth-Century China: From Dragon Pond to Lunar Palace.<\/i> B\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed: https:\/\/eaa.fas.harvard.edu\/files\/eaah\/<\/a>files\/tan gmirror.pdf.
[15] Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh, To\u00e0n \u0110<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>ng thi quy<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>n 48, V<\/i>\u1ecd<\/i>ng nguy<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i>t ho<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>i vi<\/i>\u1ec5<\/i>n, <\/i>b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed: http:\/\/ctext.org\/quan<\/a> tangshi\/48.
[16] Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1eedu Linh l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a V\u0169 T\u01b0\u1eddng \u5b87\u7965, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t http:\/\/vn.ming hui.org\/ news\/80695-moi-lan-de-dan-lo-o-nha-vang-chang-xung.html, ti\u1ebfng Trung http:\/\/www.minghui.org\/mh\/ar ticles\/2017\/6\/6\/349230.html<\/a> v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c Zhang Jiuling thu\u1ed9c New World Encyclopedia. (http:\/\/www.newworl<\/a>dency clopedia.org).
[17] T\u1ed1ng Chi V\u1ea5n, To\u00e0n \u0110<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>ng thi quy<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>n 52, <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i> <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>i D<\/i>\u1eef<\/i>u l<\/i>\u0129<\/i>nh, <\/i>b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed : http:\/\/ctext.org\/quantangshi\/52<\/a>.
[18] Phan Huy \u00cdch, D<\/i>\u1ee5<\/i> Am ng<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>m l<\/i>\u1ee5<\/i>c t<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p III, Du Mai l<\/i>\u0129<\/i>nh, <\/i>b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ban H\u00e1n N\u00f4m UBKHXH, <\/i>Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trang 89-91.
<\/i>[19] T\u1ed1ng Chi V\u1ea5n, To\u00e0n \u0110<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>ng thi quy<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>n 52, <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i> <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>i D<\/i>\u1eef<\/i>u l<\/i>\u0129<\/i>nh, <\/i>b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed : http:\/\/ctext.org\/quantangshi\/52<\/a>.
[20] L\u00ea Nguy\u1ec5n L\u01b0u, \u0110<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>ng thi tuy<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>n d<\/i>\u1ecb<\/i>ch t<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p I, <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1eb1<\/i>ng v<\/i>\u01b0\u01a1<\/i>ng c<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>c, <\/i>Nxb Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a (2007), trang 175-176.<\/a>
[21] Xem Kwang-Ching Liu & Richard Shek, Heterodoxy in late Imperial China, Daoism and Orthodoxy \u2013 The Loyal and Filial Sect (Richard Shek),<\/i> University of Hawaii Press 2004, Trang 139 \u2013 171.
[22] Xem Richard G. Wang, The Ming Prince and Daoism : Institutional Patronage of an Elite, <\/i>Oxford University Press 2012, Ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u (Prologue).
[23] Xem \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh, \u0110<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>t n<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>c Vi<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i>t Nam qua c<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>c <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1edd<\/i>i, <\/i>Nxb H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c (t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n 2015), trang 541 \u2013 554.
[24], [25], [26] Xem Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n H\u1ecdc, Th<\/i>\u01a1<\/i> v\u0103n L\u00fd-Tr<\/i>\u1ea7<\/i>n t<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p 2, B<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>ch <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1eb1<\/i>ng giang ph<\/i>\u00fa<\/i>, <\/i>Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (1988), trang 737-745.
[27] Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc, Nguy<\/i>\u1ec5<\/i>n Du to<\/i>\u00e0<\/i>n t<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p 2, Ng<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i> gia <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i> c<\/i>\u1ef1<\/i>u ca c<\/i>\u01a1<\/i>, <\/i>Nxb V\u0103n H\u1ecdc 2015, trang 366-369.
[28] O. W. Wolters, Monologue, Dialogue and Tran Vietnam, <\/i>trang 3, b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed : https:\/\/ecommons. cornell.edu \/bitstream\/handle\/1813\/13117\/Wolters_TranVietnam.pdf;sequence=1
[29] O. W. Wolters, M<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>t kh<\/i>\u00e1<\/i>ch l<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i> tr<\/i>\u00ea<\/i>n ch<\/i>\u00ed<\/i>nh <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>t n<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>c m<\/i>\u00ec<\/i>nh, <\/i>b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ng\u00f4 B\u1eafc, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Gi\u00f3 O (Hoa K\u1ef3), b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed : http:\/\/www<\/a>.gio-o.com\/NgoBac\/NgoBacWoltersNguyenTraiTho.htm.
[30] Xem \u0110o\u00e0n Trung C\u00f2n (bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch), T<\/i>\u1ee9<\/i> th<\/i>\u01b0<\/i>, M<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>nh t<\/i>\u1eed<\/i> quy<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>n nh<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>t, L<\/i>\u01b0\u01a1<\/i>ng Hu<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i> v<\/i>\u01b0\u01a1<\/i>ng ch<\/i>\u01b0\u01a1<\/i>ng c<\/i>\u00fa<\/i> th<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3<\/i>ng, <\/i>Nxb Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a (2013), trang 22-23.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u0103n nh\u00e2n h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n b\u00ecnh y\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch v\u1edf t\u00f9y th\u00e2n, duy\u00ean do g\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u01a1 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng b\u00e0i n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3? Theo thi\u1ec3n \u00fd, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n th\u01a1 \u1ee8c Trai s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Trung nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n sau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2124,"featured_media":48686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,152,153,9,181],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","category-nghien-cuu","category-tu-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2124"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48547"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48695,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48547\/revisions\/48695"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}