{"id":47556,"date":"2017-10-04T01:36:00","date_gmt":"2017-10-04T01:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=47556"},"modified":"2019-02-27T04:25:47","modified_gmt":"2019-02-27T04:25:47","slug":"tran-mong-tu-tra-loi-phong-van-cho-chuyen-de-truyen-chop-truyen-thu-nghiem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/47556\/tran-mong-tu-tra-loi-phong-van-cho-chuyen-de-truyen-chop-truyen-thu-nghiem","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ed9ng Tú Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n cho Chuyên \u0111\u1ec1 Truy\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp \/Truy\u1ec7n Th\u1eed Nghi\u1ec7m"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Donald Barthelme, Lydia Davis v\u00e0 Grace Paley (Paley m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2007). \u1edf b\u00ean Nga c\u00f3 Ludmilla Petrushaevkaya. Truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tinh vi nh\u01b0 th\u01a1, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf gi\u1eefa di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn –in media res, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1, tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1 \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n. Theo nh\u01b0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Hoshi Shinichi v\u00e0 Esaka Yuu, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, th\u00ec truy\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp c\u00f3 v\u1ebb mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh sau "40 ph\u00fat h\u1ecdc b\u00ed quy\u1ebft," v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhanh qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di d\u1ed9ng, trong xe \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o s\u1edf, v.v.<\/em><\/p>\n

(1) N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec truy\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

(2) N\u00ean \u0111inh ngh\u0129a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 "th\u00fa v\u1ecb" c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? "Th\u00fa v\u1ecb" ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 "mua vui," hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed "kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1" t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc?<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt truy\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e9t ch\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cnh\u1eadp\u201d v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n.  Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\/b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong truy\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp. Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trong truy\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp. Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn  c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\/h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn  c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong truy\u1ec7n.<\/em><\/p>\n

(3) Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o n\u1eefa, theo anh\/ch\u1ecb, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp hay?<\/em><\/p>\n

(4) Y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c?<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ed9ng T\u00fa tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi chung cho c\u1ea3 4 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

Theo t\u00f4i \u201cTruy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp\u201d r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft HAY, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ng\u1eafn n\u00ean d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u truy\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nghe m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 qu\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft. V\u00ec truy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp hay bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1edb m\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp hay?<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp t\u00f4i t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i k\u1ebft r\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, theo t\u00f4i, truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 hay. N\u00ean th\u1ea5y truy\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd ngay t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp hay c\u00f2n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m ch\u00fa \u0111o\u00e1n xem t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 truy\u1ec7n g\u00ec. C\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e1n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 truy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh sau \u201c40 ph\u00fat h\u1ecdc b\u00ed quy\u1ebft\u201d N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t suy ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hay. V\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u00f3e ra th\u1eadt nhanh nh\u01b0 Ch\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn d\u01b0\u1edbi chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 Ch\u1edbp m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nhanh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTruy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

tmt<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 7\/15\/2017<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn d\u01b0\u1edbi chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 Ch\u1edbp m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nhanh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTruy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\nTruy\u1ec7n Ch\u1edbp \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":503,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chuyen-de-flash-truyen-thu-nghiem","category-phong-van"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47556","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/503"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47556"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47556\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47634,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47556\/revisions\/47634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}