<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 2013, khi trao gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc cho Alice Munro, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi b\u00e0 l\u00e0 "b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i". M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean h\u1ecfi nhau: b\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ra? <\/p>\n
Th\u1eadt ra Alice Munro \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n t\u1eeb n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m nay, v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay V\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng m\u1edd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/i>, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1968. Trong c\u00e1c tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hay nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u00ean b\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hay nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Munro c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng, trong \u0111\u00f3 ba l\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i Governor General danh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Canada, v\u00e0 Man Booker International, n\u0103m 2009. Gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Anh, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Tuy v\u1eady, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, khi\u00eam cung, Alice Munro \u00edt khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i n\u0103m, khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u1edf Vancouver sau gi\u1ea3i Man Booker International v\u1eeba n\u00f3i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Margaret Atwood, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng tham lu\u1eadn x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, Alice Munro c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. <\/p>\n
Sinh ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y n\u0103m 1931 \u1edf Wingham, Ontario, Canada, Alice Munro c\u00f3 t\u00ean khai sinh l\u00e0 Alice Ann Laidlaw. Cha c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i, m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. B\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 \u1edf Huron County, r\u1ed3i theo h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Western Ontario, nh\u01b0ng r\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edbm khi l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i. B\u00e0 v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Vancouver v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Vancouver nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Sau khi cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tan v\u1ee1, b\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea c\u0169 \u1edf Huron County, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd mau ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhau. Ontario l\u00e0 bang l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Canada, b\u00ean b\u1edd Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed3. V\u00f9ng ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a bang c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a, c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, quang c\u1ea3nh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Huron County xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec7n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. <\/p>\n
C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean t\u1eeb Scotland, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, b\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tinh t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t s\u1eafc b\u00e9n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p, c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, s\u1ef1 hy sinh, t\u00ednh chung th\u1ee7y, s\u1ef1 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf v\u00f9ng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng Munro \u00edt vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi n\u00e9t b\u00fat m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea9n \u00fd. Ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. <\/p>\n
T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: V\u0169 \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng m\u1edd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac (Dance of The Happy Shades) <\/i>(gi\u1ea3i Governor General), Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 (Lives of Girls and Women), B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ai kia? (Who Do You Think You Are), Nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ed9c tinh (The Moons of The Jupiter), Ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau (The Progress of Love)<\/i> (gi\u1ea3i Governor General), Ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n (Runaway). <\/i>N\u0103m 80 tu\u1ed5i, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp Qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac (Too Much Happiness). <\/i>Ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u0103m 81 tu\u1ed5i, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi y\u00eau d\u1ea5u (Dear Life). <\/i>M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Sarah Polley chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh phim v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i t\u1eed Julie Christie v\u00e0 Gordon Pinsent. <\/p>\n
Alice Munro vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, trong tr\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1eb9p. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn. Th\u1eadt ra v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Munro kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00ean trong l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u1edbi th\u00f3i dung t\u1ee5c, t\u00ednh h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n. Truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 khi t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch quan \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 hai, Alice Munro \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdc truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n
"T\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00fang b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i truy\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean, t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u00f4i hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111i theo nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ebd mang t\u00f4i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quang c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd r\u1ea5t g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng d\u1ecdc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y. T\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, \u0111i lui \u0111i t\u1edbi, ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y n\u01a1i kia, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t. Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng, nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda ng\u00e1ch li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i m\u1edbi m\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ra sao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i."(1) <\/p>\n
Th\u1eadt ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Munro. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hay l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng? \u0110\u1ea7y x\u00fac c\u1ea3m hay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng? Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi trong \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ta hay g\u1eb7p hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3, ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng? B\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n hay l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa, b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc? L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu Chekhov th\u1ee9 hai hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Chekhov? <\/p>\n
T\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi y\u00eau d\u1ea5u (Dear Life) <\/i>g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n truy\u1ec7n: 1. Tr\u00f4i v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (To Reach Japan), 2. Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n b\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng (Amundsen), 3. Ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng (Leaving Maverley),4. S\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1 (Gravel), 5. T\u1ed5 \u1ea5m (Haven), 6. L\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o (Pride), 7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh (Corrie), 8. Xe l\u1eeda (Train), 9. Th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 (In Sight of The Lake), 10. B\u00fap b\u00ea (Dolly), <\/i>v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n truy\u1ec7n sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 xem l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n, v\u00ec c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed: 11. Con m\u1eaft (The Eye), 12. \u0110\u00eam (Night), 13. Gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i (Voices) v\u00e0 14. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi y\u00eau d\u1ea5u (Dear Life) <\/i>(2). <\/i>\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Alice Munro, v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 2012, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ngo\u00e0i 80 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft n\u1eefa. <\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 trong truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Munro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/i> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3<\/i>, nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n gian kh\u00e1c (truy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3<\/i>). M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean quen v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef, nh\u1eadp ng\u0169, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, r\u1ed3i quen v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00e1c, tr\u1ea3i qua bao bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft thay v\u00ec truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng xa l\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (truy\u1ec7n Xe l\u1eeda<\/i>). C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 tr\u1ebb (truy\u1ec7n Tr\u00f4i v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/i>). C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o, u\u1ed1ng say m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f4 ng\u1ee1 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra c\u00f3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u. M\u1ed9t k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb Toronto l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f4n c\u00f4. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111em l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp hai m\u1eb9 con, c\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i, l\u00ean m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn xe l\u1eeda, b\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat nghi v\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta hay g\u1eb7p. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1c, s\u00e2u xa, \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh ph\u00eda sau, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1ea7m, n\u1eeda c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00f3i v\u00f4 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd nh\u01b0ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong truy\u1ec7n S\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1<\/i>, vi\u1ec7c ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, th\u00f3i phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd. Trong khi trong truy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00eam<\/i>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7m k\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef. <\/p>\n
Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi Geoff Hancock (3), Munro cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khung c\u1ea3nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1eafm trong truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn. "\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00ec. Khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n". S\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, theo b\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. "T\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 khung c\u1ea3nh truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i t\u00f4i l\u1edbn l\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd." <\/p>\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 Alice Munro g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac (feeling) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng xoay quanh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trung t\u00e2m, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan s\u00e1t kh\u00e1ch quan, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n s\u00e2u k\u00edn. Hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u0103m ph\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i. Truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Munro ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, tuy v\u1eady kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh. B\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1edbp s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac quanh c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn. V\u00ec v\u1eady truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, tuy d\u00e0i, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng tinh t\u1ebf, tinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, th\u1ef1c ra ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01a1 ca. <\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00ec chi ti\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc truy\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u \u1ea5y, l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdc tinh t\u1ebf, tuy \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m bi ai, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed7i quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u00e0. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng hy sinh v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn b\u1ed7ng l\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, l\u00e0m kinh ng\u1ea1c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh n\u00e0o. <\/p>\n
Th\u1eadt ra, s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. <\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f9ng<\/b> <\/p>\n
(L\u1eddi Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u) <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
(1) The Art of Short Fiction by Gary Geddes, 1993, Harper Collins, p.824. <\/p>\n
(2) Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. C\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch. <\/p>\n
(3) S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, p.513 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 khi t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch quan \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 hai,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":816,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,50,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-gioi-thieu-tac-pham","category-nhan-dinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/816"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46724"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46724\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46725,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46724\/revisions\/46725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}