{"id":45535,"date":"2017-02-01T02:30:00","date_gmt":"2017-02-01T02:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=45535"},"modified":"2019-02-27T03:21:12","modified_gmt":"2019-02-27T03:21:12","slug":"trinh-y-thu-net-linh-dieu-cua-su-bat-toan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/45535\/trinh-y-thu-net-linh-dieu-cua-su-bat-toan","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0: Nét linh di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t toàn"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"TYT<\/a>
Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Sinh 1952 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, theo gia \u0111\u00ecnh di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Nam r\u1ed3i du h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 1970, Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0 t\u1eebng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n H\u1ecdc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Kh\u1edfi Phong t\u1ea1i California. C\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1eddi Nh\u1eb9 Kh\u00f4n Kham <\/i>c\u1ee7a Milan Kundera, C\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Ri\u00eang<\/i> c\u1ee7a Virginia Woolf v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t Jane Eyre<\/i><\/b> <\/i><\/b>c\u1ee7a Charlotte Bront\u00eb. Thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00f9ng Th\u0103ng, Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh, V\u0169 Kim Th\u01b0, Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, Tr\u1ea7n Phong Giao, V\u00f5 Lang\u2026 t\u1eebng vun b\u1ed3i ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft d\u1ecbch mi\u1ec1n Nam, Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0 xem c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u201cth\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/b> <\/b>S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: <\/b>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, 2010; Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i<\/b>, 2012.<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0169<\/b>: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng trong d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0 ra sao? Anh d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t, d\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u1ecbch tho\u00e1t hay Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a t\u1ed1i \u0111a ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh, d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3n\u201d? Anh l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u0103n phong ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3? Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f3 b\u00fat ph\u00e1p chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp 5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb x\u1ebfp c\u1ea1nh nhau v\u1edbi 10 t\u0129nh t\u1eeb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u v\u0103n, anh c\u00f3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u00fat ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y 5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi 10 t\u0129nh t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef trong c\u00e2u v\u0103n d\u1ecbch hay s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t \u201cr\u1ee5ng r\u01a1i\u201d d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng? Khi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft 3 ch\u1eef r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea9y, 5 ch\u1eef r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5m, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0 c\u00f3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean? Hay c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c? D\u1ecbch tho\u00e1t gi\u00fap v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00ecnh dung ra c\u00e1ch t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh v\u0103n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a anh? <\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Jane Eyre<\/i> c\u1ee7a Charlotte Bront\u00eb. V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1eadt x\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975? T\u00f4i t\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i L\u2019Etranger<\/i> c\u1ee7a Camus th\u00e0nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u01b0ng<\/i> m\u00e0 L\u00ea Thanh Ho\u00e0ng D\u00e2n v\u00e0 Mai Vi Ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 K\u1ebb Xa L\u1ea1<\/i> in n\u0103m 1973 trong Nam. Ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ki\u1ec1u Giang<\/i> c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i Th\u1ee7y? Anh \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00ec trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng? Sau n\u1eefa, v\u00ec sao ch\u1ecdn d\u1ecbch t\u1ef1a \u0110\u1eddi Nh\u1eb9 Kh\u00f4n Kham<\/i> thay v\u00ec Nh\u1eb9 Ki\u1ebfp Nh\u00e2n Sinh<\/i> v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n? C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1eddi Nh\u1eb9 Kh\u00f4n Kham<\/i> ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i l\u00ean h\u1ebft d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i trong ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ef1a g\u1ed1c trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p L\u2019insoutenable l\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00eatre<\/i> g\u1ee3i ra. Ch\u1eef \u201c\u0110\u1eddi\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hay b\u1eb1ng \u201cNh\u00e2n sinh\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u201cL\u2019\u00catre\u201d h\u01a1n. \u201cL\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u00e0m \u00fd ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3ng m\u00e0 ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 \u201cLightness\u201d \u00edt h\u01a1n trong t\u1ef1a ti\u1ebfng Anh The Unbearable Lightness of Being<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Khi d\u1ecbch Th\u01b0 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i \u0111ang du h\u00e0nh<\/i> c\u1ee7a Cort\u00e1zar, t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n Lettre \u00e0 une amie en voyage<\/i> c\u1ee7a Laure Guille-Bataillon v\u1edbi Letter to a Young Lady in Paris<\/i> c\u1ee7a Alberto Manguel v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n trong b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n Anh v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. K\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 Julio Cort\u00e1zar l\u00fac sinh ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n thu\u1eadn cho in c\u1ea3 2 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh-Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u00fang t\u00fang. Ph\u1ea3i theo v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o? Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc 75, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i trao gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng g\u1ed1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Anh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn anh \u0111\u00e3 \u201ctr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m\u201d nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? Sau h\u1ebft, v\u00ec sao anh ch\u1ecdn d\u1ecbch C\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Ri\u00eang<\/i> c\u1ee7a Virginia Woolf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i C\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng C\u1ee7a Jacob<\/i> (Jacob\u2019s Room), hay Nh\u1eefng L\u01b0\u1ee3n Tri\u1ec1u<\/i> (The Waves), ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ebfn H\u1ea3i \u0110\u0103ng<\/i> (To the Lighthouse) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m n\u00ean danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Woolf?<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0:<\/b> <\/b>N\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 hai xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: Ho\u1eb7c trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u1ecbch. Theo t\u00f4i, \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3 hai xu h\u01b0\u1edbng. Tuy th\u1ebf, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng cho h\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n n\u00e9t t\u00e0i hoa trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd mang di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u1eebng c\u00e2u, t\u1eebng ch\u1eef, t\u1eebng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ea5u ph\u1ebft trong nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh Dionysian<\/i> trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n, quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hi sinh c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (\u0111\u00f4i khi r\u1ea5t v\u00f4 t\u00edch s\u1ef1) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y d\u0103m ba n\u00e9t linh di\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n. <\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1i \u201cth\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. \u1ede b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1u ri\u00eang. N\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1i \u201cth\u1ea7n\u201d \u0111\u00f3 trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o n\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, theo t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Phong c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i linh di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft bao n\u1ebfu h\u1eafn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1eafn cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. (Gi\u1eef cho thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u201cch\u1ea1y l\u00e0ng\u201d c\u00f3 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng v\u00eda.) Tuy v\u1eady, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a n\u1eb1m n\u01a1i t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea5t; sang t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, n\u1ebfu kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1ea7ng cao nh\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i c\u00e1i \u201cth\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ct\u00f9y c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Anh nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1eddi Nh\u1eb9 Kh\u00f4n Kham<\/i> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Czech Milan Kundera. V\u00e2ng, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u t\u00f4i b\u1ea1o gan d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nhan \u0111\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 gay go nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u201cbeing<\/i>\u201d cho chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 hay. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian suy ngh\u0129 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nhan \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch. Khi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ec tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u1ee3p L\u01b0u<\/i>, t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn \u201cNh\u1eb9 Ki\u1ebfp Nh\u00e2n Sin<\/i>h\u201d v\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh\u201d c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u201c\u0103n kh\u00e1ch v\u00ec h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi trang tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh\u201d! (Ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u00f4i qua, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh). L\u00fac \u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00e1m b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch nhan \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Tuy v\u1eady t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u00edu m\u00e0y b\u1ea3o anh b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, \u201cNh\u01b0ng nhan \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu ch\u1eef Unbearable<\/i> v\u1ed1n quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 Kundera s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng vui n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng ta bi\u1ebft t\u1edb b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef, l\u00e0m sao b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? Hay l\u00e0 c\u1eadu cho t\u1edb th\u00eam t\u1eeb k\u00e9p Kh\u00f4n Kham<\/i> v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Kh\u00f4n Kham Nh\u1eb9 Ki\u1ebfp Nh\u00e2n Sinh<\/i> nh\u00e1. Nghe nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t \u1ea5y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u201cX\u00ec, t\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch g\u00ec m\u00e0 d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng ma n\u00e0o th\u00e8m mua \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d Anh b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i tr\u1ec1 m\u00f4i l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi \u201c\u0110\u1eddi Nh\u1eb9 Kh\u00f4n Kham<\/i>\u201d nh\u01b0 anh th\u1ea5y. T\u1eeb \u201cnh\u00e2n sinh\u201d bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 Kundera, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng vui b\u1edfi \u201cbeing<\/i>\u201d v\u1edbi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u201d! K\u00ec th\u1ef1c, ngay c\u1ea3 \u201cnh\u00e2n sinh\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201chi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh\u201d, \u201chi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n\u201d, \u201chi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u201d, \u201ch\u1eefu th\u1ec3\u201d, \u201cth\u1ec3 t\u00ednh\u201d, \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, \u201cth\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t\u201d, \u201cb\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Anh-Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a Kundera mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cbeing<\/i>\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e3n quan si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201c\u2026 N\u1ebfu sau khi ch\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u01a1, sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta ra kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i kinh khi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i<\/i> being.\u201d \u0110\u00fang ra, \u00f4ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Hamlet \u201cTo be or not to be<\/i>\u201d trong v\u1edf bi k\u1ecbch Hamlet<\/i> c\u1ee7a Shakespeare. Trong m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Kundera, \u201cHamlet \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i being<\/i> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 kinh khi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a being<\/i> l\u00e0: C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i non-being<\/i>, m\u1eb7t kia l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu duy v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u00e2y ma.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, Kundera hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u201cbeing\u201d kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Heidegger, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 anh. Th\u00fa th\u1eadt v\u1edbi anh, ph\u1ea3i chi t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4n Kham Nh\u1eb9 C\u00e1i Bi-ing<\/i>\u201d!!! th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u1ed5 cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u201cy\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng v\u00eda\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Kundera vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Czech, t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t theo \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n Anh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Michael Henry Heim. D\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng cau m\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5u x\u1ea1 trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00ec e l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201ctam sao th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 khi m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Congo kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ed g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung qu\u1ed1c d\u1ecbch Kim B\u00ecnh Mai<\/i> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng l\u1eabn giao th\u00f4ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thu nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0ng, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0a v\u1edbi anh l\u00e0 Kundera g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 nhu\u1eadn s\u1eafc b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i cho s\u00e1t v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi. Hi v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 NXB n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu in \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1n C\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Ri\u00eang<\/i> c\u1ee7a n\u1eef s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Virginia Woolf, s\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 do l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh th\u00f4ng qua nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Tri Th\u1ee9c \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Woolf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia l\u1eebng l\u1eaby c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, v\u00e0 theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cPh\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng qua cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi b\u00fat ph\u00e1p \u201cd\u00f2ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c\u201d r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho cao tr\u00e0o n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Woolf \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, \u201cLi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Shakespeare kh\u00f4ng?\u201d cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ra m\u1eaft c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang n\u0103m 2009 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2016 NXB Tri Th\u1ee9c cho t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n Jane Eyre<\/i> <\/i>\u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00f4i c\u0169ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. NXB Nh\u00e3 Nam (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m m\u1eddi t\u00f4i c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c d\u1ecbch. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u00ed do v\u00ec sao h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ed \u00edt hai, ba b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c \u0111em ra \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u0169 th\u00ec th\u00fa th\u1eadt v\u1edbi anh t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201ctr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 gia t\u0103ng\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa theo t\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch Jane Eyre<\/i> v\u1eeba d\u1ec5 v\u1eeba kh\u00f3. D\u1ec5 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc si\u00eau h\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i Anh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Anh th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n th\u00ec th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb ejaculate<\/i>, m\u00e0 c\u00f4 em Emily c\u0169ng hay d\u00f9ng trong cu\u1ed1n Wuthering Heights<\/i>). \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00e1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, s\u1ef1 xa l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt, sinh ho\u1ea1t, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, Kundera hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u201cbeing\u201d kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Heidegger, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 anh. Th\u00fa th\u1eadt v\u1edbi anh, ph\u1ea3i chi t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4n Kham Nh\u1eb9 C\u00e1i Bi-ing\u201d!!! th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u1ed5 cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u201cy\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng v\u00eda\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":506,"featured_media":45547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[136,133,197,340],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gioi-thieu-tac-gia","category-phong-van","category-quan-diem","category-xuan-dinh-dau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/506"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45535"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45535\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45549,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45535\/revisions\/45549"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}