{"id":4378,"date":"2009-03-05T01:04:00","date_gmt":"2009-03-05T01:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/4378"},"modified":"2022-02-23T11:05:48","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T11:05:48","slug":"so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/4378\/so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-14","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 Th\u1ea3o: B\u00e0i S\u1eed Kh\u00e1c Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam* \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 14"},"content":{"rendered":"

CH\u01af\u01a0NG XIV:<\/i><\/h3>\n

1771 – 1802<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ed8T TH\u1ebe H\u1ec6, TRONG V\u00d4 TH\u1ee8C, \u0110I T\u00ccM V\u01af\u1ee2T THO\u00c1T <\/b>KH\u1eceI V\u00d2NG K\u1ec0M TH\u00daC C\u1ee6A TRUY\u1ec0N TH\u1ed0NG KHU V\u1ef0C**<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

T\u1ea1i sao T\u00e2y S\u01a1n?<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa hai v\u00f9ng Nam B\u1eafc \u0111ang k\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea ph\u1ea3i lo \u00e2u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gay g\u1eaft n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u00e0 s\u1eed gia trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb \u201cPhong tr\u00e0o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, tuy r\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t ai, t\u1eeb t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c gi\u1eb7c c\u1ecf l\u00ean t\u1edbi quan ch\u1ee9c s\u0129 ho\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh. Ph\u00eda \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, tuy v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngay ng\u00e0y suy s\u1ee5p. V\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed gia ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng khai tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m khuynh \u0111\u1ea3o tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh Nguy\u1ec5n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ph\u00e2n tranh trong 200 n\u0103m c\u00f3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, mang th\u00eam d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c (th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, gi\u00e1o s\u0129) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t (John White 1819) th\u00ec nh\u00ecn ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n suy s\u1ee5p l\u00e0 ngay ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, theo t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thu x\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed l\u1edbn lao \u0111i theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng hay d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n cai tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, ngay t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb H. Poivre (1749) nh\u1eadn ra qua l\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u201ctham s\u1eafc, xa x\u1ec9, b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong tay \u0111\u00e1m c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n tham t\u00e0n\u201d nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1744 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t-tho\u00e1t-v\u1ec1-ph\u00eda-tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201cvua\u201d l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean c\u1edb g\u00e2y n\u00ean g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4 v\u1ebd. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c khen c\u00e1c ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00ec cai tr\u1ecb khoan dung, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh y\u1ebfu m\u1ec1m ngay n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u00f4ng n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a v\u1eefng tin n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa anh em, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i khi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n k\u1ebf v\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00f3c xin nh\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u00f4ng ch\u00fa. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa, Thomas Bowyear (1695) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u00f4ng c\u1eadu\/ch\u00fa\/b\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u1ee9 tr\u1ee5 n\u0103m 1638 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng manh. Th. Bowyear th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u00f4ng th\u00ec hai \u00f4ng T\u1ea3, H\u1eefu (kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 N\u1ed9i hay Ngo\u1ea1i) \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1709 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tranh gi\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng N\u1ed9i h\u1eefu h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng (b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft) thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu th\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c N\u1ed9i h\u1eefu n\u0103m 1714. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1edbt qua l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1edbp quy\u1ec1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mang h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u00faa. Cho n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh sau khi V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c suy s\u1ee5p tri\u1ec1u ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Loan \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ea3i s\u1eeda di chi\u1ebfu. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c<\/i> \u201c(Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Lu\u00e2n, cha Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh) theo vai v\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp\u201d c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft ngay t\u1eeb V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00faa \u201cm\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu \/ l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i\u201d (Jh. White, b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p: eff\u00e9min\u00e9) t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c con trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n m\u1edbi 12 tu\u1ed5i l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (1765) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed9i cho Loan nh\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1m C\u1eedu \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i cung. M\u1eb9 Thu\u1ea7n, b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 con ch\u00fa con b\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ch\u00faa m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tham v\u1ecdng gi\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u0111ua nhau r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng. C\u00f9ng phe Loan c\u00f3 N\u1ed9i t\u1ea3 (1739) Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu Th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 anh c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4ng: C\u1eedu Qu\u00fd. Cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tam tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1. \u00d4ng N\u1ed9i h\u1eefu Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n H\u1ea1nh b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o cung gi\u1ebft \u0111i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng Ph\u00fac Lu\u00e2n theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ee1 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng con c\u00e1i\u201d c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p. Loan l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u, do c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u201ct\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f3, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, g\u1eafng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o h\u1ed3i ch\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n D\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u00e9o le l\u00e0m k\u1ebb ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong trang s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh!<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n cung \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Lo\u1ea1n hay tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh sau \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m x\u00e9t ra c\u00f2n n\u00e1t b\u00e9t h\u01a1n h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m T\u00e2y S\u01a1n qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3o th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, Nguy\u1ec5n s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trong v\u00f2ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Quy Nh\u01a1n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tuy l\u00e0 theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng vong c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Tr\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m ng\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng toan t\u00ednh d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda nam tuy c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1ebf tranh ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 cung c\u1ea5p l\u00faa g\u1ea1o cho v\u00f9ng Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng, n\u01a1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n danh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t Hai Huy\u1ec7n, \u201cti\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai,\u201d hay b\u1ecb b\u1ecf lu\u1ed1ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n g\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi th\u00ec kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 trong l\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf L\u00e2n, v\u00e0 cao \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3i kinh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf Ho\u00e0i Nam kh\u00fac.<\/i><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u00faa g\u1ea1o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, n\u1ebfu ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n v\u00e0 li\u1ebfc v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. Cho n\u00ean l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c do giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt khai th\u00e1c tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng c\u0169 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c ch\u00faa kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1t, t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a), c\u00e1i th\u1ebf kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eebng-\u0111\u1ed3ng-bi\u1ec3n hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng: \u201cAi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eafn v\u1edbi n\u1eadu ngu\u1ed3n, M\u0103ng le g\u1edfi xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1 chu\u1ed3n g\u1edfi l\u00ean.\u201d <\/i>C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 t\u1ee5c c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i r\u1eebng n\u00fai trong khu v\u1ef1c: l\u1ec5 Khai s\u01a1n, \u0110\u0103ng s\u01a1n, t\u1ee5c \u0110i ngu\u1ed3n… Trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u gi\u00f3, l\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u ng\u01b0 m\u1edf m\u00f9a c\u00e1. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra thu thu\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, qua c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf \u1edf l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, len l\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o tay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00e1c l\u00e1i <\/i>\u2013 c\u00e1i t\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u201cM\u1ecdi\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n xa h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa, Minh d\u00e2n c\u0169 hay Thanh nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m xe n\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0110\u0103ng s\u01a1n, n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c cai t\u1ed5ng M\u1ecdi g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf s\u1eadp b\u1eaby, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c l\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed1t than, l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ebf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (X\u1ee9) trong v\u00f9ng. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Nam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t C\u00e1c l\u00e1i m\u00f9 \u0111i c\u00e1ng, l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i mua b\u00e1n qu\u1ebf tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 20 n\u0103m! V\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00faa g\u1ea1o, khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi thao t\u00fang t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh h\u1ed3n, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng oai h\u00f9ng th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1768, H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00e0i t\u1edbi Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1n trong 6 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi \u201cti\u00ean tri\u201d \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u0103m 1770 quan qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u00f9ng, ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh M\u1ecdi \u0110\u00e1 V\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c l\u00e1i mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd T\u00e2y S\u01a1n: \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d t\u00ean Di\u1ec7n, T\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y H\u1ed9i An; \u1edf Quy Nh\u01a1n, ngo\u00e0i nh\u00f3m T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n S\u0129, xa v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean c\u00f3 Chu V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfp, Nguy\u1ec5n Long. V\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho Trung ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u1eadp \u0110\u00ecnh, Ho\u00e0 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n L\u00ed T\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng t\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn lao l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng tay ch\u1ec9 huy trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cqu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d kia, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bu\u00f4n tr\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Bi\u1ec7n Nh\u1ea1c vang danh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ed5 h\u00e0o,\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111ang gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9c d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201cquan\u201d \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c thu thu\u1ebf c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea3i giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u1eeb \u201cm\u1ecdi\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cT\u00e0u\u201d, Olane…<\/p>\n

Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi \u2013 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n k\u1ecbp nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, mang l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn: Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n k\u1ebdm, nhanh v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y t\u1eeb 1746 khi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1 ho\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft Gresham: \u201c… Ru\u1ecdng \u1edf Phi\u00ean Tr\u1ea5n, Long H\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n l\u1ee5t bao gi\u1edd…Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m M\u1eadu t\u00ed (1768) t\u1edbi nay (1770) gi\u00e1 th\u00f3c cao v\u1ecdt, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m… kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu th\u00f3c m\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n k\u1ebdm g\u00e2y n\u00ean… D\u00e2n \u0111ua nhau ch\u1ee9a th\u00f3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ee9a ti\u1ec1n (k\u1ebdm).\u201d C\u00f3 l\u00faa m\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00fac xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u chia cho nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o,\u201d trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y th\u00f3c l\u00faa t\u00edch tr\u1eef \u0111em ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf L\u00e2n \u1edf tr\u00ean. D\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 C\u00e1c l\u00e1i th\u00ec t\u00edch tr\u1eef ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u1ea3y sinh tham v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec t\u00ecnh c\u1edd m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n, dinh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i \u201cti\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai\u201d t\u01b0\u1edbi ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xe n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng L\u1ea1i Giang k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn, thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u01a1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u00f4ng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u nu\u00f4i c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb \u0111em ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed cho ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n. Li Tana th\u1ea5y An Kh\u00ea li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Ba \u1edf Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Cam L\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai. L\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c c\u1ecf, mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u1ea5y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n n\u1ebfp. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201cd\u00e2n n\u1eabu\u201d nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng, d\u00e0nh cho d\u00e2n b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh Nam Ng\u00e3i B\u00ecnh Ph\u00fa nh\u01b0ng d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi (1801), ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n c\u0169. N\u1eabu l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cn\u1eadu\u201d ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c (n\u1eadu s\u00e1p v\u00e0ng, tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n, n\u1eadu \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, n\u1eadu l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng…) v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh th\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c, l\u00e0ng x\u00e3. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u00e2n ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan m\u1ed9t \u00edt v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ph\u00eda nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n n\u1eabu ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp n\u1eadu<\/i> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ecba nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u01b0\u1edbc mong, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng phong tr\u00e0o n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f9ng: S\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc l\u00f4i ra t\u1eeb trong m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u1ed1m G\u00f2 S\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Vijaya b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ed9 t\u00e1ng \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n \/ C\u00e1ch Th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0y nay (\u0110\u1ed7 Bang) cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. L. Barizy v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Thi N\u1ea1i (1801) cho th\u1ea5y c\u1eeda N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n ra ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111i ngang qua, th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf trong khi \u1edf B\u00ecnh Nam \u0111\u1ed3 1774 th\u00ec n\u00f3 mang d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n h\u1ea3i m\u00f4n th\u00e2m.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n \u201cs\u00e2u\u201d. C\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p v\u00ec b\u1ecf ph\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n (1774-1801). T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecf ph\u1ebf ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy s\u1ee5p g\u1ed1m G\u00f2 S\u00e0nh v\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng quanh th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c (Chapman 1778) nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y H\u1ed9i An \u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u1eeda N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n \u1edf ngay trung t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1eeda Thi N\u1ea1i (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Quy Nh\u01a1n ng\u00e0y nay) \u201cThi N\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i m\u00f4n\u201d \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cth\u00e2m\u201d, tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n, l\u1ea1i xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t G\u00f2 S\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 g\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eefa. D\u00f2ng g\u1ed1m G\u00f2 S\u00e0nh suy t\u00e0n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean c\u1edb ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 hai ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nam B\u1eafc \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u: Anh em Nh\u1ea1c, L\u1eef, Hu\u1ec7. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai?<\/p>\n

G\u1ed1c t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 danh, khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u00f9 m\u1edd kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. Anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n qu\u00e1 n\u1ed5i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 qua, n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t g\u00ec v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i tung h\u1ee9ng, xu ph\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd \u2013 c\u00f3 khi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00f4i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00e1ng b\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1ng c\u0103m gh\u00e9t, l\u00e0m \u201cmang t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d<\/p>\n

S\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n, k\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u00edt sao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb: \u201cTi\u00ean t\u1ed5 (T\u00e2y S\u01a1n) ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u01b0ng Nguy\u00ean, tr\u1ea5n Ngh\u1ec7 An. \u00d4ng t\u1ed5 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m Th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ee9c (1653-1657) b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho \u1edf \u1ea5p T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t… Cha l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea5p Ki\u00ean Th\u00e0nh… sinh ra Nh\u1ea1c, L\u1eef, Hu\u1ec7.\u201d Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 khi Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed <\/i>th\u00eam: \u201c… d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li, c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0nh v\u1edbi H\u1ed3 Phi Ph\u00fac…\u201d th\u00ec \u00f4ng Ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o v\u1edbi H\u1ed3 Phi Ph\u00fac th\u00e0nh cha c\u1ee7a anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Ph\u00fac n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 h\u1ecd H\u1ed3, khi l\u00e0m cha Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch, lao \u0111ao trong bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c phe n\u00e0y phe n\u1ecd v\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh trong ghi ch\u00e9p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o… \u1edf s\u00e1ch T\u00e2y S\u01a1n tr\u00ean ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n… C\u1ee5 t\u1ed5 \u0111i l\u00ednh…\u201d N\u1ebfu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7 (1657), \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac Nguy\u1ec5n chi\u1ebfm Ngh\u1ec7 An, th\u1ea5y ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebft tha \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n x\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Chu, th\u1ea5y s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p thu d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1c tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 H\u01b0ng Nguy\u00ean danh ti\u1ebfng \u0111em v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf v\u00f9ng nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8o Mang \/ Mang Yang \/ C\u1eeda Tr\u1eddi! M\u1ecdi t\u00f4 v\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb danh ti\u1ebfng (v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a) T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ Quang Trung Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n \u201cb\u1eaft theo d\u00e2n\u201d (Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea…)<\/i> V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch: \u201c(th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o) t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng To\u00e0n, sinh \u0110\u1ed3ng Ph\u00fac, (sinh) Th\u01b0 Nh\u1ea1c chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7…\u201d C\u00f3 t\u00ean \u00f4ng Ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5y. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li, v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed3ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y theo v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d\/\u201d\u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby trong x\u1ee9: \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00e2y C\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u01b0\u01a1u, \u0111\u1ed3ng D\u00e0i… T\u00ean m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a anh em h\u1ecd th\u1eadt d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. Nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0 anh C\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n s\u0129: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 \/ Th\u1ea7y C\u1ea3, L\u1eef th\u1ee9 7 (\u201cB\u1ea3y\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch, \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng B\u1ea3y\u201d c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u0129), Hu\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 8 (\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng T\u00e1m\u201d c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u0129.) T\u00e1m anh em, c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 4 trong ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb, c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan, \u0111i vi\u1ebfng tang Hu\u1ec7 n\u0103m 1792. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 anh Hai Tr\u1ea7u, ch\u00fa Ba Th\u01a1m, th\u1ea7y T\u01b0 L\u1eef g\u00ec r\u00e1o tr\u1ecdi!<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0m bi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n, ti\u00eau l\u1ea1m ti\u1ec1n thu\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00fang c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n, theo l\u1eddi s\u1eed quan. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thu thu\u1ebf \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a r\u01a1i r\u1edbt r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00e1c th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o, quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng Bi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, giao du r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c (Jh. White) nh\u1ea1n ra Yin Yac bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u1edbn lao v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi Nh\u1ea1c m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, theo s\u1eed quan cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng trung l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng C\u00f4n, con s\u00f4ng huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng qua c\u1eeda N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ea1n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t xa \u0111\u1eddi. S\u1eed c\u00f2n k\u1ec3 ra nh\u1eefng h\u00e0o ph\u00fa kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u: Huy\u1ec1n Kh\u00ea, Nguy\u1ec5n Thung, c\u00e1c to\u00e1n \u201cc\u01b0\u1edbp\u201d \u1edf ngu\u1ed3n An T\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u00f9ng: T\u1ee9 Linh, Nh\u01b0ng Huy. Theo chi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft nh\u00f3m An T\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Thung, \u0111u\u1ed5i T\u1eadp \u0110\u00ecnh, b\u1ecf L\u00ed T\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp kh\u1edfi lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Thanh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n mang m\u1ed9t d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 b\u1ecf l\u01a1. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan truy\u1ec1n thu th\u1eadp c\u00e2y g\u01b0\u01a1m thi\u00eang (c\u1ee7a vua L\u1eeda), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 \/ Th\u1ea7y C\u1ea3.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi em th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u0169ng mang danh Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \/ \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 to\u00e0n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (\u201cPr\u00eatre \/ Grand pr\u00eatre de toute la Cochinchine\u201d – Jh. White) ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mang t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. T\u00ean T\u1ee9 Linh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed (long, li, quy, ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng.) Cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd mang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd, s\u1eafc m\u0169 \u00e1o, l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i Nam B\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi. To\u00e1n qu\u00e2n Thanh ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i k\u00edn Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed5 tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c tuy d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng S\u00e3i C\u1ea3 Ch\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u1ecb n\u1eef ch\u00faa Th\u1ecb Ho\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. V\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng sau hai n\u0103m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u00ean r\u1eebng m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u00f2n b\u1eadn t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, hay ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n kia nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Tranh chi\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea ngo\u1ea1i<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 4-1773 h\u1ecd tung ho\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean v\u00e0 nam Quy Nh\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00eam tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn N\u1ed9i t\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac V\u0103n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 l\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Loan nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh Quy Nh\u01a1n (9-1773) c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eed th\u00e1ch quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh h\u1ecd ch\u00faa v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n. Ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ec1 m\u01b0u m\u00f4 c\u01b0\u1edbp th\u00e0nh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan truy\u1ec1n m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau (E. Navelle 1887,) v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn tai \u00f4ng Tham qu\u00e2n L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n (1776): \u201c(Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nh\u1ea1c) ph\u00e1 ng\u1ee5c cho t\u00f9 ra…\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u2013 hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Hi\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t Ki\u00ean Th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1y anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u00edt h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, r\u1eebng n\u00fai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd h\u00ecnh dung ra cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u1edbi l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u201cv\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0\u201d c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n… nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1m b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn. Xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng hay b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec nh\u1eefng toan t\u00ednh to l\u1edbn m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd \u201cQu\u00e2n Tri\u1ec1u: qu\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f3 \/ Qu\u00e2n \u00d3: qu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n\u201d ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, tuy T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd k\u1ebb gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe \u0111\u1ebfn: qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp quan binh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 40 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ch\u00faa m\u1edbi (Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m 1767) m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trung ch\u00e2u m\u00e0 lan ra c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean: d\u1eb9p Ho\u00e0ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u1ea5t \u1edf t\u00e2y b\u1eafc (1769), L\u00ea Duy M\u1eadt \u1edf Tr\u1ea5n Ninh, l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00e0o (1770). Tin t\u1ee9c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u01b0a ra cho Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1eed Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac l\u00e3nh qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1774. Qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng Gianh, th\u1ea5y lu\u1ef9 Tr\u1ea5n Ninh m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, r\u00eau rao ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Loan nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Nguy\u1ec5n, \u0111u\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd v\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, ch\u1ecbu k\u1eb9p gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn ra. T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y th\u00eam ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. M\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n (Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng) ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cHo\u00e0ng t\u00f4n\u201d l\u00ean l\u00e0m Th\u1ebf t\u1eed, chia tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai phe r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba n\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o nam, \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Nh\u00f3m ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n, g\u00e2y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong hai c\u00e1nh T\u1eadp \u0110\u00ecnh, L\u00ed T\u00e0i, c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a phe D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u201cNgo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac T\u0129nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y S\u01a1n chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 binh d\u00e2n \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. Th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c Nguy\u1ec5n y\u1ebfu \u1edbt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ea3ng Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf C\u1ea9m Sa (5-1775) th\u1eafng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh khai th\u00e1c th\u00eam th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu \u00fd ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh. Qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng v\u1eeba g\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u201d l\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec d\u1ecbch t\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn. T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0, ch\u00ed ti\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 trong l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh cho Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf S\u00e2m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh c\u1ee9 an t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u01a1 v\u00e9t t\u1eeb kho t\u00e0ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u00e1t tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 T\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea3nh rang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i thanh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i th\u1ebf d\u00f9ng d\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n ph\u00f9 Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n D\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Ng\u0169 Dinh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Hi\u1ec7p, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn t\u1eadp trung s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a suy suy\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh chi\u1ebfn d\u1eb1ng dai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh trong v\u00f9ng d\u00f2m ng\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1776, Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111ang d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ed1n t\u1eeb Quy Nh\u01a1n v\u00e0o, c\u00e0ng \u0111em th\u00eam chia r\u1ebd trong h\u1ecd nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ed7 Thanh Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, L\u00ed T\u00e0i v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia, l\u00e0 m\u1ed3i ngon cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c l\u1edbp l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 15 tu\u1ed5i: Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t may m\u1eafn cho h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eeb nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ee5 \u01a1n tri\u1ec1u c\u0169, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, anh h\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o d\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng danh trong th\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n ph\u00f9 theo m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Sau khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Nguy\u1ec5n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed7 Thanh Nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p tri\u1ec1u ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c: \u0110\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean su\u00fd Nhi\u1ebfp qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh (1778).<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 mang danh ngh\u0129a Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Cho n\u00ean l\u1ed1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ee9 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n trong bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 tay ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng Ngo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ed7 Thanh Nh\u00e2n, v\u1edbi thanh th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n th\u00e2n x\u00e1c (kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 4-1781) b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh tuy m\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eb7c, ch\u1ec9 mang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t danh v\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 (g\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Cai \u0111\u1ed9i.) Danh x\u01b0ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00f9a ch\u00fa, phong thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh ki\u1ec3u Nho Gi\u00e1o. R\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi\u201d Chu V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n trong tay T\u00e2y S\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u00e0o \u1ea1t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t truy \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng (1782, 1783, 1785). Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i, h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em thanh th\u1ebf Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh lan to\u1ea3 kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng, gi\u00fap thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ee5c l\u00e2m, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ecba H\u1ed9i, M\u00e3 Lai (Vinh Li Ma.) V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i th\u1ebf nh\u1edd c\u1eady qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang l\u00ean, \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Nguy\u1ec5n thua th\u00ec T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Xi\u00eam v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi h\u1ed3i m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Thu\u1ef5 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c Rama I l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (1782), v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4i v\u00e0o Xi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cgi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.\u201d Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n hai t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u0103ng, S\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd tan t\u00e1c \u1edf R\u1ea1ch G\u1ea7m Xo\u00e0i M\u00fat (1-1785). Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u vong th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh x\u1ee9 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng B\u1ea3y Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, ch\u1eafc l\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.\u201d<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phe chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn theo bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a phe Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ra r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn xua \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n, va ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh quy c\u1ee7a Xi\u00eam La. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00fat cho \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 t\u00e0i ba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc, th\u1eafng \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a v\u1ec1 sau. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00fang ra th\u00ec qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh quy c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 T\u1ed1ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Hi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3) N\u0103m Dinh \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean 23 tu\u1ed5i d\u1eabn c\u00e1c trai l\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e8o C\u00f9 M\u00f4ng \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u00e8o C\u1ea3 trong l\u00fac m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng g\u1ed1c ru\u1ed9ng r\u1eaby, \u0111i r\u1eebng, h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y tu\u1ed5i, \u1edf c\u00e1ch xa n\u01a1i c\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ch\u1ec9 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u201ckho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh,\u201d v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ea7y, s\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn qu\u00e2n dinh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0a th\u01b0 d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u01b0\u1edbng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Cai \u0111\u1ed9i \/ \u0110\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng (\u0111\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i…<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean qua ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1776 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m trong v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbp thuy\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Qu\u1ea3ng Nam c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 g\u1edfi gi\u00fap Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng theo nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i r\u00fat ra, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1eefng tin n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1eadt g\u1ed1c kh\u1ecfi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Khoa Thuy\u00ean b\u1ecb r\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111u\u1ed5i, b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 cho \u00f4ng tham qu\u00e2n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, hoang vu khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t an c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u2013 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 sau khi Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u00f5 V\u0103n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u00e1 m\u1eafm, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1edbp, \u0103n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft c\u00f2n \u1ec9a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c L\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n B\u1ea1c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t T\u1ed1ng Giang c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi m\u1edbi, cung c\u1ea5p cho Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadn trung \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft: V\u00f5 T\u00e1nh. Cho n\u00ean ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m Nguy\u1ec5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (1780-82), T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf Quy Nh\u01a1n, ch\u1edd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o khi Nguy\u1ec5n g\u1eb7p r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ed7 Thanh Nh\u00e2n. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, may m\u1eafn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i danh v\u1ecdng th\u00ec m\u1edbi r\u00f5 g\u1ed1c ch\u0103n tr\u00e2u nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. C\u00f4 em Chu V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfp n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 anh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean \u0110\u1eadu v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng Chu Mu\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u201cC\u00f4 h\u1ecd Chu?\u201d \u201cC\u00f4 em \u00f4ng Chu?\u201d)! Nh\u1eefng T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Chu, T\u01b0 kh\u1ea5u Uy c\u1ee7a l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Long\/M\u01b0u, \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n vang danh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1u t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0\u1edbp, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eadu, trai l\u00e0ng, lo\u1ea1i \u201cphu qu\u00e9t ch\u1ee3, l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea9y xe\u201d (Phan Huy Ch\u00fa)… quanh qu\u1ea9n v\u00f9ng Quy Nh\u01a1n. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i thay th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ch\u1ea1y qua ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i, khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p ph\u00eda T\u00e2y S\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ph\u00eda Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 Hu\u1ef3nh \u0110\u1ee9c, tr\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Ngh\u1ec7 An xa l\u1ea1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u00ean, th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh, nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n B\u1eedu, Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh khi Jh. White g\u1eb7p n\u0103m 1819. Cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 H\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ea1n v\u00ec b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t kinh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (5-1782) khi\u1ebfn ta nh\u1eadn ra ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0y, r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, ngo\u00e0i ba anh em, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ch\u00eanh v\u00eanh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a anh em nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1778 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Chapman c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 k\u00ec v\u1ecdng g\u00ec v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ed9i An b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Chapman cho th\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a anh bi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i g\u00f3c n\u00fai nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 gom g\u00f3p t\u1eeb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecbch thu c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u1ed5i d\u1ea1y \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3ng trong th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0n, tuy hoang ph\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh lu\u1ef9, c\u00f2n h\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Tuy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 tranh tre l\u00e1. Th\u00e0nh lu\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 cho Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 uy nghi x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf, l\u1ea5y ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c (1778), l\u00ean thay th\u1ebf d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd \u00f4ng v\u1eeba ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm, truy \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00e0n d\u01b0 h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n khi\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong, n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam v\u1ed1n \u201cs\u1ee3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3 c\u1ecdp,\u201d gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c toan t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thu h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda \u201cngo\u1ea1i\u201d \u00f4ng, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111ang c\u00f2n trong tay qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ed1 l\u1ed9 v\u1edbi Chapman. \u01af\u1edbc v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd l\u1ea1i \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd mang c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh?<\/h6>\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 \u00e2l. n\u0103m B\u00ednh ng\u1ecd (1786) qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf ng\u00e0y 14-6-1786. \u0110i theo qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 H\u1eefu \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac sai v\u00e0o Quy Nh\u01a1n phong ch\u1ee9c cho Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c (1775) khi Ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111i xa h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf nhoi khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 sau ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i giao phe ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c sinh ho\u1ea1t quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1edd chuy\u1ebfn T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ra B\u1eafc, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00e1c l\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n: \u201cthuy\u1ec1n, th\u00f3c, ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3,\u201d <\/i>(ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.) S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u00edt: c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 3000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda B\u1ea1ng x\u1ee9 Thanh. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng cha Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh, bu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1i gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u0111em \u00f4ng con \u0111\u1ed7 H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o l\u00e0m th\u01b0 k\u00ed, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho \u00f4ng quan th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh danh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh. Quan d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u, t\u0103ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quan \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm danh v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch. Gi\u1ecfi thu\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn, cai qu\u1ea3n thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft d\u00e2n bu\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u201cThi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, lo g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111i,\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ch\u1ec9nh khi ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea1 qu\u00e2n Tam ph\u1ee7 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00e1n, l\u1eadp Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3i, gi\u1ebft Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u00ecnh B\u1ea3o, ch\u1ee7 \u00f4ng (1782). D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft \u00f4ng, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec nh\u01b0 khi \u00f4ng tha t\u1ed9i cho \u00f4ng ngh\u00e8 (ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 1775) Phan Huy \u00cdch, \u201cth\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3i kho\u00e1c,\u201d t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f2i b\u1eaft \u00f4ng nh\u1ed1t v\u00e0o c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 r\u1eb1ng khi r\u1eddi b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 B\u1eafc, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm v\u00e0o Quy Nh\u01a1n. Hai l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00e1c l\u00e1i c\u1ee7a hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eddi g\u1eb7p nhau, Ch\u1ec9nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam v\u00ec gi\u1eb7c b\u00e0y m\u01b0u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i, n\u1eafm \u0111\u00fang t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. Qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafp lu\u1ef9 Th\u1ea7y th\u00eam cao \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n qu\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, toan t\u00ednh l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf ph\u00e2n tranh c\u0169 nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i \u00e0o \u1ea1t tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0n ra ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u0169ng v\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cCh\u1ec9nh \u0111i (th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3) l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng… t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ec5 binh ki\u00eau, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00f3 hu\u00eanh hoang nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Tr\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n. Ki\u00eau binh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tan n\u00e1t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec t\u1eebng h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n \u201c\u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ch\u00faa c\u00f2n l\u1eadp vua.\u201d V\u1eady m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u. Qu\u00e2n th\u1ebf T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn ra \u00e0o \u1ea1t, n\u1ed7i t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 uy danh: \u201c\u00c2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1eddi!\u201d Th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean ni\u1ec1m trung trinh b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng gi\u1eefa vua v\u00e0 ch\u00faa, khi b\u00f3 h\u1eb9p v\u00e0o ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng quan L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn anh tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea1p ch\u00faa cho gi\u1eb7c, theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ed1ng: \u201cQu\u00fd ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng qu\u00fd th\u00e2n.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i lo c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Quan d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra: \u201cX\u01b0a nay ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe to\u00e1n gi\u1eb7c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 to\u00e1n gi\u1eb7c n\u00e0y.\u201d Vi\u00ean s\u1ee9 Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng X\u00e1n bi\u1ebft ra \u0111i l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u00e0o \u1ea1t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean xen l\u1eabn mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng, Man di v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Cao Mi\u00ean, Cambien (?) v\u00e0 Xi\u00eam…\u201d Qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng chui r\u00fac \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a, v\u1ee9t l\u0103n l\u00f3c c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng g\u00ec h\u1ebft, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd! C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0103n c\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1i, ng\u1ee7 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u201cn\u00f3i n\u0103ng, \u0103n m\u1eb7c to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1, coi th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i g\u1ecdi nhau b\u1eb1ng \u2018cha\u2019.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb n\u00e0o t\u1ecf r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch ng\u1eadm ng\u00f9i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh \u201cn\u01a1i \u00e1o m\u0169 ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a th\u00e0nh c\u1ecf r\u00e1c\u201d, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u, tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 m\u1edbi n\u01a1i x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111em \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00fang \u0111\u1ed5 cho ch\u00f3 \u0103n v\u00ec \u201cch\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edch h\u01a1n th\u1ea7n X\u00e3 t\u1eafc!\u201d Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t ng\u00e0y sau kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee3i \u0103n T\u1ebft r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n trong l\u00fac Quang Trung k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam Tr\u1eeb t\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c cao, ta th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0o y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng vua gi\u00e0 qua g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft n\u1eefa m\u00e0 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u00f4ng ch\u00faa lo chuy\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc non thay cho m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 c\u00fa s\u1ed1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n ra y h\u1ec7t \u1edf l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ch\u00fat danh ngh\u0129a Ph\u00f9 L\u00ea di\u1ec7t Tr\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau trong \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n nh\u1edb chuy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00eda tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean su\u00fd \u0111em tuy\u00ean phong kia l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 \u2013 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ra th\u00ec vua L\u00ea c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Cho n\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i ai ban xu\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y sau, khi Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c ra \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh \u00f4ng vua anh v\u00e0 \u00f4ng quan em, \u0103n n\u00f3i \u201cy nh\u01b0 anh em c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n.\u201d Ng\u00e0y sau, khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau g\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng anh c\u1ea3 v\u1eabn d\u1eaft em g\u00e1i \u0111i vi\u1ebfng tang em. V\u00ec th\u1ebf tuy kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c quan c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m r\u1ec3 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 h\u1ecd L\u00ea, \u0111\u1ec3 xem th\u1eed g\u00e1i B\u1eafc ra sao. Chuy\u1ec7n ch\u0103m lo t\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ng \u00f4ng nh\u1ea1c, ch\u1ecbu l\u1eadp Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 theo t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u00eam \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, hai N\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ed9c t\u1ed1c ra B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ecbp d\u00e0n b\u00e0y v\u1edbi nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n r\u00fat v\u1ec1 Nam \u0111\u00eam 31-8-1786, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u1ee5c h\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hai anh em ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec danh ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kia gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0 L\u00ea. H\u1ecd b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda sau, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n anh em h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ebd ra t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng kia, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebb g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n b\u1ef1c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn, g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ni\u1ec1m hi v\u1ecdng cho nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f2ng vong theo \u00f4ng ch\u00faa tr\u1ebb \u0111ang r\u00ean r\u1ec9 than kh\u00f3c \u1edf x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1nh nhau t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 2-1787, d\u1eef d\u1ed9i h\u01a1n ba th\u00e1ng, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 n\u0103m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Du\u1ec7 t\u1eeb Ngh\u1ec7 An \u0111i v\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea5n Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (3-1788). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c chia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 do m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf n\u01a1i hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang n\u1eafm t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf. Vinh quang c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cao sang \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed5i thay t\u00e2m t\u00ednh n\u00ean Nh\u1ea1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1edb ch\u1ee9c Bi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba qua, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i c\u01a1n l\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t khi d\u00e2n Ngh\u1ec7 An kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1y t\u00e2u Ho\u00e0ng d\u1ebf v\u1edbi \u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00fam n\u00fam t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng \u201cquan l\u1edbn\u201d th\u00f4i. Cho n\u00ean h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i chia v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ebb 34 tu\u1ed5i v\u1eeba ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m r\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd cao sang h\u01a1n 300 n\u0103m, \u00f4ng ta c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u tham v\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia x\u1ebb s\u1ef1 co r\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng anh gi\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea7u an, ham d\u1eadt l\u1ea1c,\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng ng\u1ecf \u00fd nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1eadn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh nhau, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd gay g\u1eaft v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y n\u00ean l\u1eddi h\u1ecbch m\u1eafng anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201ckhinh su\u1ea5t, can kh\u00f4ng nghe.\u201d R\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 anh em c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c chia ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e3i chung. Nh\u1ea1c \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u00e0m Trung \u01af\u01a1ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, L\u1eef k\u00e9m t\u00e0i, cho sao hay v\u1eady, l\u00e3nh v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean kinh \u0111\u00f4 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia r\u00f5 l\u00e0 theo t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i ngon cho Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t xa t\u1eadn ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c b\u1ecb em b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i k\u00eau kh\u00f3c c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0 n\u00ean m\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c g\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, lo ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh khi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u00f2n ch\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fac \u0111ang loay hoay \u1edf x\u1ee9 Ngh\u1ec7, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t t\u00ecm gi\u1ebft, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o cho T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i t\u00e0n c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i th\u1ebf \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh r\u00f5 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u00f4m ru\u1ed9ng, lo x\u00e2u, hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng quan kinh s\u1eed l\u00e0u th\u00f4ng b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n Nghi\u00eau Thu\u1ea5n. L\u00ea kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m n\u00ean r\u1eddi Tr\u1ecbnh ra l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. Cho n\u00ean Tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u00e8o b\u1ecdt n\u00ean Ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng gia binh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh. R\u1ee7i cho Ch\u1ec9nh, l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. V\u0169 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hu\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh, Ch\u1ec9nh thua ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 cung than kh\u00f3c: \u201cBl\u1eddi \u01a1i, nh\u00e0 L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i,\u201d b\u1ecb b\u1eaft r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea9y L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u vong. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \/ phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u00ed do nh\u1edd c\u1eady c\u1ee7a L\u00ea, v\u00e0 \u201cch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a\u201d can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a C\u00e0n Long. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Thanh d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn sang \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh, l\u1ea5y ng\u00f4i l\u1ea1i cho L\u00ea, \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eb7n \u1edf y\u1ebft h\u1ea7u Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p, ch\u1edd ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00fang ra l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng gom l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ean \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, ti\u1ebfc thay l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00f2 c\u00f9ng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i g\u00f2 v\u00f9i l\u1ea5p x\u00e1c t\u1eed s\u0129 mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau. \u0110\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phe Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i lo gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi mon men chen v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ebf, l\u1ea5y ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Quang Trung ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh tan qu\u00e2n Thanh v\u1edbi tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang K\u1ec9 d\u1eadu (30-1-1789). T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 \u1ea5n t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o tho\u00e1t, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y, l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m v\u1eafng ng\u1eaft. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem chi ti\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c, v\u1ebd v\u1eddi th\u00eam cho chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, ai chen v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00edt kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 th\u00ec d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb gh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ngay.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 20 v\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 29 v\u1ea1n, con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a tranh ch\u1ea5p phe ph\u00eda \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 30 v\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u0129. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn con s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 \u00edt, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 v\u00f4 l\u00ed khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Th\u1eadt ra nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh quy c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n binh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 (S\u1ea7m Nghi \u0110\u1ed1ng,) qu\u00e2n \u00f4 h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ecf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u00ecn c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf thu x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi phu cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh… th\u00ec th\u1ea5y ra s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf trong l\u00fac hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn theo s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n \u0111i. T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb lo \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng hai \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e0 voi v\u00e0 ho\u1ea3 h\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e2m tr\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh h\u01a1n Ngh\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 mang s\u00fang tay, tuy kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ed1ng phun l\u1eeda l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung n\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n voi trong ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh binh. Nh\u1eefng suy \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nam B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ebbo dai \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Thanh n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh v\u00f4 danh m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 danh. V\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ea1i) \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Long (Ng\u00f4 gia v\u0103n ph\u00e1i) hay \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c M\u01b0u (s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n,) hay c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh hi\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c H\u00f4, H\u00f4 h\u1ed5 h\u1ea7u coi h\u1eadu qu\u00e2n… M\u1ed9t hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ebb t\u1ebb… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. Vi\u1ec7c trao tr\u1ea3 t\u00f9 binh v\u1edbi Thanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f2n ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1edd l\u1ec7nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh, qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u00e0 danh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1ea5y, qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i b\u1edbt ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh co r\u00fat, \u00edt \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo l\u1ed1i \u201cdi\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a\u201d ho\u00e1, b\u00e0i ch\u00f2i ho\u00e1 trong nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u00c2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t tr\u00ean danh v\u1ecb b\u1eadc cao c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc An Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Thanh, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf. To\u00e1n v\u0103n th\u1ea7n thu nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Trung Hoa n\u00ean gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u phong c\u1ee7a Quang Trung su\u00f4n s\u1ebb h\u01a1n, qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ea5p v\u00e1p ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i ban \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thu x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a to\u00e1n v\u0103n th\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong ngh\u00eanh ngang h\u01a1n. Do th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ph\u00e1i T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Quang Trung ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u1edbn: B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong m\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0103n th\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Quang Trung \u201ct\u00e1i t\u1ea1o\u201d (Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm,) \u201c\u0111em c\u01a1 duy\u00ean\u201d ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi (Phan Huy \u00cdch,) k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m quen thu\u1ed9c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nhau (Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng.) M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u1ed9 ra trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch thi c\u1eed, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khi ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u00edt h\u1ecdc (Nho) v\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o kinh s\u1eed H\u00e1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t an th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh c\u0169, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd lu\u1ed3n v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n trong vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a V\u0169 V\u0103n D\u0169ng v\u1ec1 sau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap g\u00ec cho vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Quang Trung tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00eanh m\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0103n ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng sau c\u00f9ng<\/h4>\n

S\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tranh chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb l\u1edbn gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh (T\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac \u0110\u1ea1m…) l\u1ea9n l\u00fat trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u00ean nh\u1eafn \u00c1nh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 sau, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1n cho s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb ghi l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c to\u00e1n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. H\u1ecd v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u0169 m\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Quy Nh\u01a1n \u0111em t\u1edbi, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf h\u00e0ng qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3i k\u00ed c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 ra m\u1ed9t \u00edt chi ti\u1ebft. Th\u1eadt c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Nh\u1ea1c Hu\u1ec7 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u0103n th\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n (Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Tr\u1ea1c, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n K\u1ec9…) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n th\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea b\u1ecf r\u01a1i (Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm, Phan Huy \u00cdch) hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111em t\u00e2m s\u1ee9c ra ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 (Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp.) Ph\u00eda Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n quan n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 b\u1eaft H\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed3ng trong tr\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed3ng Tuy\u00ean (1783) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em v\u1ec1 Quy Nh\u01a1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u00ecnh, sai l\u00e0m h\u1ecbch ch\u1eedi anh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0u kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi, m\u1eafng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 m\u1eafng ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i n\u00e0o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft vua (Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng)!\u201d (C\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, tuy ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u1ea1t g\u1eabm ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm ch\u00eca cho Quang Trung k\u00ed t\u1edd s\u1eafc phong cha m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb \u1edf c\u00f5i thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m trong khi L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 phong, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ef1c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!) Cho n\u00ean khi chia \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n l\u00f4i nhau ra \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f5! \u1ede v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa c\u00f2n nh\u1edb tr\u1eadn t\u00e0n s\u00e1t 1782 th\u00ec \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng dinh tr\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t C\u1ea7u S\u01a1n cao r\u00e1o, y\u00ean \u1ed5n r\u1ed3i \u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n theo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5y. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cduy \u00fd ch\u00ed\u201d \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m sau l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u1ee9u Nh\u1ea1c \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u00f4ng em v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft danh v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 to\u00e0n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n: G\u00f2 v\u00e3i L\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y \u00edch l\u1ee3i trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. (M\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c B\u00f9i \u0110\u1eafc Tuy\u00ean \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n cai tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a Thuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m.) M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c: Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n S\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9n b\u1ecf V\u1ecdng C\u00e1c k\u00e9o v\u00e0i tr\u0103m tay ch\u00e2n th\u00e2n t\u00edn \u201cC\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n V\u1ecdng C\u00e1c\u201d v\u1ec1 h\u00f2n Tre l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n (th\u00e1ng 7\u00e2l. 1787,) Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf Quy Nh\u01a1n. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng V\u00e2n, con nu\u00f4i Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Long Xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a binh thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3n h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c tay ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi khu\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9 theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u00e0 quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef t\u00ednh \u01b0a ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft khi theo phe m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c ch\u00ecu l\u00f2n m\u00e0 l\u00e9n n\u00f3i n\u00ean l\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c nh\u01b0 V\u00f5 V\u0103n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p theo d\u00f2ng ch\u00faa qua h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n n\u00ean ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1edbi ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 V\u00f5 T\u00e1nh… V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Quy Nh\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n H\u01b0ng r\u00e1ng t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u, g\u1eb7p l\u00fac V\u00f5 T\u00e1nh t\u0103ng thanh th\u1ebf cho Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i lo tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n trong l\u00fac c\u00f2n m\u00f9a g\u00ed\u00f3 nam. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh chi\u1ebfm Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 7-9-1788. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n S\u00e2m v\u1edbi \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i dinh tr\u1ea5n c\u0169 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ra bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc m\u00e0 lu\u1ed3n xu\u1ed1ng Bassac n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd d\u00e2n Mi\u00ean, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng g\u0103p m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh ngay khi \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft n\u00ean b\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n L\u00ea Thanh, \u0111\u1ec3 cho Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh r\u1ea3nh tay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh theo m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef, \u00c1nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thu nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi, qua trung gian \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t Richelieu m\u1edbi, mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o khi mu\u1ed1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c tr\u00e1nh chen v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p phe ph\u00e1i \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1eabn t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t phe, hi v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n. Pierre Joseph Georges Pigneau (de) B\u00e9haine, Pierre\/Pedro n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn, Pe-to-(r)lo c\u1ee7a \u00e2m H\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n qua \u00e2m Vi\u1ec7t: B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tranh quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00f4i k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng t\u00f3c v\u00e0ng \u0111i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i kia \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u00fang \u1ed1ng, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5c s\u1eaft, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0o trong v\u00f2ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, vua quan Nguy\u1ec5n c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y s\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng linh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea5m: \u201cth\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng.\u201d T\u00ednh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u00fang trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u1edf th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n xong b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, hay v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u00fang \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i qua tay nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n da tr\u1eafng, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi mang m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1edbi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 h\u1ecd rao gi\u1ea3ng, chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ef3 theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ng\u00f3 l\u01a1 vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa khi c\u1ea7n s\u00fang \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, \u1ed1ng d\u00f2m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng ra l\u1ec7nh b\u1eaft linh m\u1ee5c, gi\u1ebft gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng tay khi th\u1ea5y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi hai ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, Nguy\u1ec5n. T\u00e2y S\u01a1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ve v\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o s\u0129. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a phe ph\u00e1i r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c kia.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh, ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n v\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Paris, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m Con c\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i La M\u00e3, l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n B\u1ed3, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u201cTh\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y (1783) nghe tin B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c \u1edf Ch\u00e2n B\u00f4n (Chantaboun) vua cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eddi…\u201d Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t: H\u1ed3 V\u0103n Ngh\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng gi\u00fap \u00c1nh ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y gian nan. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1edbm h\u01a1n l\u1eddi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kia. Khi \u0111\u00f3 B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm trong tay t\u1edd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (18-8-1782) cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111i c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd. Kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01a1n, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh c\u1eadu Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed C\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi 2 tu\u1ed5i 4 th\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n d\u00f2m ng\u00f3, mong \u01b0\u1edbc trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn hai n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i sau, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tho\u1ea3 \u01b0\u1edbc Versailles \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed k\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 18-11-1787 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. Ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Pondich\u00e9ry (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c n\u00ean r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i, to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn V\u0169ng T\u00e0u ng\u00e0y 28-7-1789 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng 15 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c, v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec t\u1eb7ng 2000 c\u00e2n thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang l\u00e0m qu\u00e0 cho c\u1eadu b\u00e9 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n gi\u00fap th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch quen thu\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i giao m\u00e0 m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e3 lan c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam. T\u1eeb 1780, To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Macao \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn ti\u1ebfng cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u00c1nh. C\u00f2n trong l\u00fac n\u1eb1m ch\u1edd \u1edf V\u1ecdng C\u00e1c, \u00c1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Antonio Vicenti Rossa \u0111\u1ebfn (23-10-1786) b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 56 (?) \u201cchi\u1ebfn t\u00e0u\u201d \u1edf Goa \u0111ang ch\u1edd s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n cho \u00c1nh.<\/p>\n

X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \u0111i t\u00ecm quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tuy c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh g\u1eb7p k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u0103m ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u, v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Cho n\u00ean khi B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c m\u1edf l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Ngay tr\u1eadn Ng\u00e3 B\u1ea3y 1783 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, Emmanuel, ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef t\u00e0u cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o s\u1eed s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e3 thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c: chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7, th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1eeba \u0111i bu\u00f4n ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng quan c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh tham gia v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i khu v\u1ef1c. T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i \u0111i th\u00ec Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng dung ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 140 s\u0129 quan v\u00e0 80 l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. Trong s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, Irlandais. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eb1ng nh\u1eb1ng ghi ch\u00e9p d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ba-la-di \/ L. Barizy. \u00d4ng T\u00edn \/ \u00d4-li-vi \/ Alexis Olivier de Puynamel, binh nh\u00ec tr\u00ean t\u00e0u La Dyade 1788 khi tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u1edf C\u00f4n L\u00f4n, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1790 m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Cai \u0111\u1ed9i Th\u1ea1ch Oai h\u1ea7u \/ Le Brun. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang h\u1ecd ch\u00faa. H\u1ecd thay phi\u00ean nhau \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n b\u1ecdc v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng. Th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh l\u00e0 \u0110a-\u0111\u1ed9t \/ Jean Marie Dayot, nguy\u00ean ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0u Ad\u00e9laid 1786, qua tr\u00f4ng coi t\u00e0u \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai (1792). L\u00ea (ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n) V\u0103n L\u0103ng \/ De Forcan coi t\u00e0u B\u1eb1ng Phi (1801). Ba-n\u00ea-\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u1eafng \/ Jean Baptiste Chaigneau c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau r\u1ed1t, thay Dayot tr\u00f4ng coi t\u00e0u Long Phi (1801). Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ch\u1ea5n \/ Philippe Vannier coi chi\u1ebfc Ph\u1ee5ng Phi (1801) c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m quan d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1edbi Chaigneau.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00ean c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c chen ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng tranh ch\u1ea5p. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c phe, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Xuy\u1ebfn… kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 (1778): Nguy\u1ec5n Kim Ph\u1ea9m, Tr\u1ea7n Xu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea1ch r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o mi\u1ebfu C\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i h\u1eb3n v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed3n, Di\u1ec7p M\u1eadu (c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng lai Hoa) coi \u201cXi\u00eam binh,\u201d ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho t\u1edbi h\u1ed3i t\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong Li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n <\/i>c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Mi\u00ean g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh m\u01b0\u1edbn\u201d trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 Cao La H\u00e2m S\u00e2m trong l\u1ea7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (1800-1802). Ta th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e3 Lai Vinh Li Ma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m C\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n V\u1ecdng C\u00e1c d\u00f9 ch\u1eb3ng \u1edf Bangkok ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ecba H\u1ed9i l\u01b0u vong tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n, n\u1ebfu r\u1ee7i ro th\u00ec l\u1ecdt ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1edbp, may m\u1eafn chen v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00ec th\u00e0nh quan. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh Tam gia m\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f2n d\u00e0i m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau, th\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, qua s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t, L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 th\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, quan T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng hay b\u1ecb b\u1eaft r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a quan t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra. L\u00ednh \u00c2u hung h\u0103ng, d\u1eef t\u1ee3n, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 be b\u00e9t ngay tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Quan l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu. Cai c\u01a1, cai \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp. M\u1edbi v\u1eeba y\u00ean v\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan lo vui ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ea: \u201cTh\u1eb1ng h\u00e1t b\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng sao n\u00ean.\u201d T\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng gan d\u1ea1 g\u00ec. T\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac \u0110\u1ea1m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00e0n tr\u1eadn r\u1ed3i ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ea7m n\u00fap, ch\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh xong m\u1edbi l\u00ean. L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t ch\u00ea Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh nh\u00e1t m\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 sau. Ngay \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u00e0n lui: \u201cB\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ec5, gi\u1eef kh\u00f3,\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh, d\u00f9 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh th\u1ea5y ra c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00e1 mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e2n. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng xu\u00e2n h\u00e8 1790 chi\u1ebfm B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng binh Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng nhau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edbng Ti\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n L\u00ea V\u0103n Qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t (1791).<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ra qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ch\u00e0m l\u00e2y l\u1ea5t \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd. Ch\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 T\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u trong chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u1ec5n, ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui v\u00e0o r\u1eebng khi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u1eed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho mang t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 1793 \u0111\u1ebfn 1798 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1n Ba Ph\u1ee7 do \u201ct\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d To\u00e0n Ph\u00f9 c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap T\u00e1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u danh trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng Raglai t\u00ean Tamrac, khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n, ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tay ph\u00f9 thu\u1ef7 Raglai bojou trong v\u00f9ng. X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (s\u1ecd b\u1ecdc v\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Bumong (\u0110\u1ec1n) Tamrac g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng (Choah: C\u00e0 Tr\u00e1p c\u1ee7a s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t?) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Raglai, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00fang t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang (tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t). G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 bumong c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m Sankah.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m phi\u00eau l\u01b0u T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vua. B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c mu\u1ed1n \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u00e1c h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o n\u01a1i \u1ea5y. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i rao gi\u1ea3ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n. B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 mang v\u1ec1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u b\u00e9 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 m\u1eebng r\u1ee1 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n T\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac \u0110\u1ea1m gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c t\u00e2n t\u00f2ng qua th\u1eddi gian 8, 9 th\u00e1ng c\u00f9ng \u1edf v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed9c tranh chi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng phe, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cL\u1ea1y x\u00e1c,\u201d l\u1ea1y \u00f4ng b\u00e0 m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i La M\u00e3 c\u1ea5m (Gi\u00e1o l\u1ec7nh 1742 c\u1ee7a Benoit XIV) v\u00ec cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ee5c th\u1edd Ma qu\u1ef7. T\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb (Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadt) mu\u1ed1n \u201cm\u01b0\u1ee3n g\u01b0\u01a1m vua, ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u treo c\u1ed5 \u1edf c\u1eeda ch\u1ee3,\u201d \u0111\u00f2i gi\u1ebft B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh gi\u1ea5u t\u1edd t\u00e2u, vi\u1ec7n l\u1ebd \u201chi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi… kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i… k\u1ebb d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 v\u00e0 ngu c\u0169ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng…\u201d Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1nh \u0111ang c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t: Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh, Ng\u00f4 T\u00f2ng Chu… Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00c1nh t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thu x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t cung c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap \u00c1nh \u201cl\u1edbn l\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110ang c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi…\u201d n\u00ean B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c do\u1ea1 b\u1ecf \u0111i n\u1ebfu \u00c1nh kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n, th\u00ec qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn Thi N\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (1792). D\u00f9 qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 hai ng\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ta d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh t\u00ecnh chung v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Thi N\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1eed s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u1edf ngay trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u1ea3 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p k\u00ed ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c (1789, 1790) c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m xe n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. T\u00e0u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u \u0111i ngang qua Quy Nh\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng sung t\u00fac nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn k\u0129 b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng d\u00f2m th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t x\u01a1 x\u00e1c. H\u1ecd gh\u00e9 v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i Quy Nh\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u1eeda N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con l\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf. C\u1eeda ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Thi N\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, n\u01a1i chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 tin Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u00f9 binh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn ra trong th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ngay v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00ea \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa g\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng ta th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y binh kh\u00ed theo ki\u1ec3u ngo\u1ea1i giao truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9.\u201d \u0110\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u1ee1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1. S\u1ef1 khai th\u00e1c s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 cho d\u00e2n vay l\u00e0m m\u00f9a trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cho xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n l\u1ed1i tom g\u00f3p l\u1ebb t\u1ebb x\u01b0a kia. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1eeda bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u1edf v\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u00e2u trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Cao Mi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u tinh nh\u1ea1y h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng di\u00eam ti\u00eau, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh c\u0169 k\u0129. S\u00fang l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay b\u1eb1ng xe tr\u00e2u b\u00f2. Thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecdc v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n nan, g\u1ed7. V\u00ec th\u1ebf Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh m\u1edbi t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5: \u201cThu\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ta.\u201d Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra cho Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh lu\u1ef9 ki\u1ec3u Vauban ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm m\u00e0 \u00c1nh c\u00f2n cho th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m phong thu\u1ef7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u1ecdc x\u00e2y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i sau khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m phi\u00eau l\u01b0u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y gian nan c\u0169. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n mang t\u00ednh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qua th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u201cgi\u1eb7c m\u00f9a\u201d \u0111\u00e1nh ra theo lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 nam v\u00e0 r\u00fat v\u1ec1 khi m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5c n\u1ed5i, ngh\u1ec9 binh ch\u1edd sang n\u0103m \u0111\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp. To\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t khi Dayot tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed3ng khai ho\u1ea3 cho tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Thi N\u1ea1i. Chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mang l\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn cho qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 sau, T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1 to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng thang m\u1ed9c \u1ea5p c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u201cbi\u1ebfn \u1ea5p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i (qu\u00e2n)\u201d nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 h\u1ecd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u1ea7m \u00ec l\u0103n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0m x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t toan t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch hai th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng toan t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh nhau qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c trung gian, nh\u01b0 l\u00fac Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u th\u1eafng \u1edf V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n l\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n s\u1ebd nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp \u0111i v\u00f2ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi thu\u1ef7 binh \u0111\u00e1nh \u1eadp m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Toan t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u1edd h\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Quang Trung th\u1ee9 5 ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 7 (27-8-1792) theo \u0111\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n hai ph\u1ee7 \u201cthang m\u1ed9c\u201d Quy Nh\u01a1n, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1eeda c\u1ea7u gi\u00fap \u00f4ng k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e1t h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eadp \u201cg\u1ed7 m\u1ee5c,\u201d bi\u1ebfn Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh \u201cm\u1ed3 ch\u00f4n\u201d k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eb3ng l\u00ean Cao Mi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. Toan t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 m\u1ea5t (\u0111\u00eam 16-9-1792).<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh chung. L\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Hu\u1ec7 b\u1ecb th\u1ea7n (ti\u00ean t\u1ed5) h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a phe Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Th\u1eadt ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Ch. Borri \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec qu\u00e1 ham m\u00ea s\u0103n b\u1eafn, b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m n\u1eafng m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00f2n Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u201cb\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc,\u201d suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au y\u1ebfu v\u00ec tr\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn phong An Nam Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 trong n\u0103m 1792 \u0111ang tr\u00f4ng coi kho\u1ea3ng 30 000 l\u00ednh Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1. Tuy nhi\u00ean Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u1ec1, tr\u0103n tr\u1ed1i toan t\u00ednh lo cho c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p sau khi m\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft \u0111i. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u00f4ng vun b\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 suy s\u1ee5p n\u1eb1m ngay trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u1edf c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Quang Trung th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf n\u01a1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3ng. N\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c th\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Quy Nh\u01a1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1eeba m\u1edbi x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y n\u00ean l\u0103m le tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 An, qu\u00ea c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng theo gia ph\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed1 c\u1ef1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tai \u00e1ch c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ebfp tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn b\u00e0 con v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p b\u1ee9c h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Quang To\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

\u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng Trung \u0111\u00f4 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t toan t\u00ednh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 mong ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ngay su\u1ed1t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u phe ph\u00eda: Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ea1n, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n S\u00e2m, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n H\u01b0ng, Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ecb… Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh em Nh\u1ea1c, ph\u00eda n\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ph\u00eda th\u00f4ng gia. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00e0 con l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t ph\u00eda n\u1eef khi\u1ebfn cho vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam. Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Ph\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i B\u00f9i \u0110\u1eafc Tuy\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu v\u00ec m\u1eb9 b\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc mang h\u1ecd B\u00f9i! \u00d4ng ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0 B\u00f9i Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n, Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Quang Trung g\u1ecdi v\u1ec1 tr\u1ed1i tr\u0103n, th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0 con g\u00ec v\u1edbi anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u1ea3. V\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n l\u1eddi x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ghi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201concle maternel du roi,\u201d theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 \u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3nh Th\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 h\u1ecd B\u00f9i. T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u201cnh\u00e0 qu\u00ea\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi l\u1edbp nho s\u0129 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n K\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e0o kho\u00e9t th\u00eam m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c Chi\u00eau Vi\u1ec5n H\u1ea7u (ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng) V\u0169 V\u0103n D\u0169ng g\u00e2y ch\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn gi\u1ebft B\u00f9i \u0110\u1eafc Tuy\u00ean v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i khi\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn quay v\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u00ec h\u00e0n g\u1eafn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00e2y S\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1i vong trong l\u00fac Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi Quang Trung ch\u1ebft, \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta vui m\u1eebng: \u201c… k\u1ebb th\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m th\u1ea5y r\u00f5.\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh nghe quan t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0o ng\u0169 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 tin t\u1ee9c l\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, li\u1ec1n ra l\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n. Qu\u00e2n thu\u1ef7 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbch, gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 binh ti\u1ebfn theo sau. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 m\u1ea1nh khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Quy Nh\u01a1n. Qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf trong ba th\u00e1ng, l\u1ea5n ra \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui v\u00ec qu\u00e2n Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c. Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a t\u00e2y nam 1793 r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i \u0111em v\u1ec1 cho Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00c1nh x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh, c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a Olivier v\u1ebd ra, tuy l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 17000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, 80 th\u1edbt voi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Th\u00e1i u\u00fd Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a n\u0103m x\u01b0a. \u0110\u1ea5t B\u1eafc c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u cho T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00ec qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbch. L\u1ec7nh \u0111eo t\u00edn b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eaft l\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u00fd: \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111i l\u00ednh c\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111i c\u1ea3 5 (kh\u00f4ng k\u00ec gi\u00e0 nua tr\u1ebb y\u1ebfu.)\u201d<\/i> Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Khi Quang Trung m\u1ea5t, l\u1eb9nh \u0111eo t\u00edn b\u00e0i d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1n: \u201cx\u1ee9 x\u1ee9 t\u1ecbnh kh\u1edfi,\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n ghi. Tuy nhi\u00ean qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n h\u1eb3n ch\u01b0a suy suy\u1ec3n m\u1ea5y khi ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Quy Nh\u01a1n trong n\u0103m sau. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111u\u1ed5i theo qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i lo thanh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n sinh m\u1ec7nh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Nh\u1ea1c u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c th\u1ed5 huy\u1ebft ch\u1ebft (13-12-1793), con Nh\u1ea1c, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec7n Ph\u00f9 Li (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u201cKi\u00ean Th\u00e0nh\u201d) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec1u. V\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng theo m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5c n\u0103m sau (1794) ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i khi kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh n\u0103m n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n

\u01afu th\u1ebf thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ef7 binh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc ghe l\u1edbn. N\u0103m 1790 khi ra \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 phong, Quang Trung \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn Trung Hoa c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 d\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n, ph\u1ea3i v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 lo toan ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i H\u1ea3i ph\u1ec9 n\u00e0y n\u00ean li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp ra ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 chi\u00eau h\u1ed3i h\u1ecd, d\u00e0nh c\u1eeda B\u1ea1ng cho h\u1ecd tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3ng, phong v\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u00f9ng h\u1ecd c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 ven bi\u1ec3n Trung Hoa l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Thanh, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a phe m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Thi N\u1ea1i 1-3-1801 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u01b0u th\u1ebf thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tha h\u1ed3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u0103t bi\u1ec3n, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0o h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 binh kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u1ee9 theo nhau k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh gi\u1ebft B\u00f9i \u0110\u1eafc Tuy\u00ean khi\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u \u0111ang v\u00e2y Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n (gi\u1eefa 1795.) T\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 tan r\u00e3, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (1797) nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t, khi qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn ra, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111e do\u1ea1 Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 L\u00ea Trung c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n. Ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ea3o g\u00e2y lo\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1798 k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n ra chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf (gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1799,) g\u00e2y th\u00eam l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 V\u0169 V\u0103n D\u0169ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00e2m \u00fd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cao.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Quy Nh\u01a1n toan t\u00ednh l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. H\u1ecd v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i ra t\u00ean B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 V\u00f5 T\u00e1nh ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e2y, v\u00ec th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m sao thanh to\u00e1n cho xong? Qu\u00e2n thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a V\u0169 V\u0103n D\u0169ng tr\u1ea5n c\u1eeda Thi N\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh d\u00f9ng t\u00e0u t\u00e2y t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng vang d\u1ed9i t\u1eadn v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Xi\u00eam La. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u00c1nh kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng qua kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. T\u1eeb l\u00e2u Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh n\u00ean c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c binh ch\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y, giao cho t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn ho\u00e0ng ph\u00e1i l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Tuy Xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng d\u00f2m, t\u1eebng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i to\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i th\u00eam d\u1ecbp ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. Qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n theo l\u1eddi V\u00f5 T\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu hi sinh, \u0111\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i l\u1ea5y Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n (15-6-1801) \u0111u\u1ed5i Quang To\u1ea3n ch\u1ea1y ra B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 sau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n: Quang To\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 B\u1ea3o H\u01b0ng, mang qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean lu\u1ef9 Tr\u1ea5n Ninh \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m tu\u1ea5t (1802) \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ghi th\u00eam t\u00ean B\u00f9i Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n, danh t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 thu l\u00faa ru\u1ed9ng. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 vua quan Quang To\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, t\u1ef1 t\u1eed, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh (20-7-1802). T\u00e0n qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u1edf Quy Nh\u01a1n v\u00e2y ch\u1ebft V\u00f5 T\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf th\u00e0nh, \u0111i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o ra B\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. Qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng tan r\u00e3, Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u, V\u0169 V\u0103n D\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ecf kh\u00ed kh\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng khi n\u1eb1ng n\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u00ean, vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 huy t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd tranh chi\u1ebfn su\u1ed1t ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e1c l\u00e1i Quy Nh\u01a1n v\u1eeba b\u1ecb x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c l\u00ean thay th\u1ebf, mang d\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba c\u0169 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi. C\u0169 v\u00ec l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m. M\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho n\u00ean ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169 t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng Ngu\u1ef5 T\u00e2y. Phu qu\u00e9t ch\u1ee3, l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea9y xe, con ch\u00e1u c\u00e1c l\u00e1i Quy Nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0o l\u00e0m quan trong tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn \u201ctri\u1ec1u s\u0129\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u00ean B\u1eafc H\u00e0 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i, m\u1edbi v\u1eeba nh\u1eadp b\u1ecdn. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ra r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi s\u1eafp \u0111i v\u00e0o cho s\u00edt sao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng. B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed C\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Chaigneau, Vannier… \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n, mang t\u00ean Th\u1eafng, t\u00ean Ch\u1ea5n m\u1eb7c v\u00f5 ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea7u vua, mua \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 \u1edf Kinh \u0111\u00f4… cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tan bi\u1ebfn trong x\u1ee9 s\u1edf h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i trong h\u01a1n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, c\u00f2n k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gieo v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Gia Long, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

** C\u0169ng vi\u1ebft cho ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebfu, n\u1ee3 g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc: <\/i>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1771 \u0111\u1ebfn 1802.<\/p>\n

M\u1edd m\u1eaft, t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, th\u00e1ng 10-2008.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c (th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, gi\u00e1o s\u0129) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t (John White 1819) th\u00ec nh\u00ecn ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n suy s\u1ee5p l\u00e0 ngay ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, theo t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thu x\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed l\u1edbn lao \u0111i theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng hay d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n cai tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-4378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4378"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71661,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4378\/revisions\/71661"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}