{"id":4361,"date":"2009-03-03T08:31:23","date_gmt":"2009-03-03T08:31:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/4361"},"modified":"2022-02-23T11:06:16","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T11:06:16","slug":"so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/4361\/so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-13","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 Th\u1ea3o: B\u00e0i S\u1eed Kh\u00e1c Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam* \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13"},"content":{"rendered":"

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CH\u01af\u01a0NG XIII: M\u1ed8T T\u1eacP \u0110O\u00c0N TH\u00c2N T\u1ed8C KHU V\u1ef0C \u2013 R\u1ed2I M\u1ed8T N\u01af\u1edaC<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n: N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u01b0a c\u0169<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c… M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, th\u00e1ng 10 (1558), ch\u00faa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o tr\u1ea5n Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1… Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 kh\u00fac \u1edf T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129a d\u0169ng x\u1ee9 Thanh Ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u vui l\u00f2ng theo \u0111i…\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau, ngay t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n ta v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf c\u1edd. \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 ra (1559) trong \u201cbu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ebf\u201d \u1ea5y: Nguy\u1ec5n \u01af D\u0129, T\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 M\u1ea1c C\u1ea3nh Hu\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu ta l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec nh\u1eadn ra ba nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Nguy\u1ec5n \u01af D\u0129 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1eadu v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh con ch\u00e1u \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh hai \u0111\u1ea7u nam (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam 1571), b\u1eafc (B\u1eafc B\u1ed1 Ch\u00ednh 1630) cho h\u1ecd ch\u00faa. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n gom l\u1ea1i chung cho c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1edbt v\u00e0 chen v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00faa, h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng khi\u1ebfn ta t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m. T\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng khi \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i. Huy\u1ec7n T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u00fd Huy\u1ec7n,\u201d \u201cQu\u00fd H\u01b0\u01a1ng,\u201d n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201cb\u1ed9 kh\u00fac\u201d \u0111i theo \u2013 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u201cngh\u0129a d\u0169ng\u201d c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c Thanh Ho\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p cho d\u00f2ng ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ngo\u1eaft ngo\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u1ea5y con c\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Nguy\u00ean, r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng cha th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m \u00f4ng nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa li\u1ec1n b\u1ecf \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng Tr\u1ecbnh (1632), b\u00e0 ta \u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng sao c\u1ea3, c\u00f2n len \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (1639) v\u00e0o cung \u00f4ng em ch\u1ed3ng (ch\u00faa Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Ph\u00fac Lan 1601-1648,) gi\u1eef li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh (1648), quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 \u00f4ng ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac T\u1ea7n (Ph\u00fac Trung 1654) l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa th\u1ea5y \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u1edd nguy c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi \u201csai qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u00e1 nh\u00e0, l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i,\u201d gi\u1ebft b\u00e0 \u0111i \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng kia kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa! Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n Ph\u00fac T\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng sinh ra ch\u00faa Ngh\u0129a Ph\u00fac Tr\u0103n (1649-1691) v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng (1651-1696) sinh ra Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa Ph\u00fac Chu. \u0110i\u1ec1u k\u00ec l\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng (1694), \u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 li\u1ec1n ban h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng cho \u00f4ng cha v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c (1680-1716) sinh ra th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ch\u00faa kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng T\u1ed1ng! Khi v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Kho\u00e1t 1738-1765) mang h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 T\u1ea3 cung t\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd th\u00ec g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y tuy r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng vua c\u0169ng c\u00f2n k\u00e8m th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa \u2013 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb H\u1eefu cung t\u1ea7n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u00e9m th\u1ebf h\u1eb3n. <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u00ean T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n theo c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y h\u1ecd t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u2013 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xa h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1edd th\u1ea7n n\u00fai T\u1ed1ng Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n c\u00f3 v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y Mo \/ Thi\u00ean s\u01b0 x\u01b0ng t\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. H\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u201cQu\u00fd H\u01b0\u01a1ng,\u201d t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tay ch\u00e2n th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam \u00f4ng T\u1ed1ng Tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, khi\u1ebfn cho d\u00f2ng ch\u00faa n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng con Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng phong l\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n Qu\u1eadn qu\u00e2n \/ Qu\u1eadn ch\u00faa. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng: T\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Minh, Cai c\u01a1 trong tr\u1eadn 1672, N\u1ed9i t\u1ea3 (m\u1ed9t trong T\u1ee9 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n) 1680, T\u1ed1ng H\u1eefu Thanh Ch\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 1689, T\u1ed1ng H\u1eefu Th\u1eadn Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 1687, ri\u00eang T\u1ed1ng H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea1i coi dinh C\u1ef1u 1635, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Qu\u00fd H\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eafc v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean s\u1eed m\u1edbi nh\u1edb c\u1ea3 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha. L\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng g\u1ed1c T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n n\u1eefa mang ch\u1eef l\u00f3t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed9n, l\u00fac qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai tr\u00f4ng coi l\u00e0m kho \u0111\u1ee5n, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 danh gi\u00e1 g\u00ec l\u1eafm! V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed5i sang h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 g\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy danh c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean khuynh \u0111\u1ea3o. <\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o tr\u1ea5n Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb thu nh\u1eadn t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u201ck\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ta l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ta.\u201d Cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 t\u00ean M\u1ea1c C\u1ea3nh Hu\u1ed1ng \u201c\u0111em gia quy\u1ebfn \u0111i theo\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 em M\u1ea1c K\u00ednh \u0110i\u1ec3n (+1580), nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee9 k\u00e9o nhau n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c: Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 M\u1ea1c (K\u00ednh?) C\u1ea3nh Hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y hai con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 C\u1ea3nh Hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed1i con g\u00e1i M\u1ea1c K\u00ednh \u0110i\u1ec3n (M\u1ea1c Th\u1ecb Giai 1578-1630) cho Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Nguy\u00ean \/ ch\u00faa S\u00e3i l\u00fac c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, theo l\u1eddi s\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 theo ch\u00fa l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n v\u00e0o Nam khi M\u1ea1c b\u1ea1i vong (1593?). L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y to\u00e1n h\u00e0ng qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a L\u1eadp B\u1ea1o (1572) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean khai th\u00e1c v\u00f9ng C\u1ed3n Ti\u00ean s\u00e1t v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng qua ng\u1ea3 L\u00e0o (Lao B\u1ea3o) m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp Ch\u00f9a Vua (1695) \u0111i theo v\u1edbi t\u00ean t\u1ed5ng B\u00e1i Tr\u1eddi \/ B\u00e1i \u00c2n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u00e2n ngh\u0129a v\u00ec h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i l\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u00faa \u0110\u00e0ng Trong: ch\u00faa Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00fac Lan. <\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 chia x\u1ebb quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd, cho n\u00ean v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n li b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp ch\u1eef \u201cph\u00fac\u201d ri\u00eang cho h\u1ecd nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa v\u1edbi ch\u00faa S\u00e3i th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang ch\u1eef \u201cph\u00fac\u201d. Con M\u1ea1c C\u1ea3nh Hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Vinh; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi Ng\u1ecdc T\u00fa (v\u1ee3 Tr\u1ecbnh Tr\u00e1ng) tr\u1ed1n t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban \u201cqu\u1ed1c t\u00ednh,\u201d mang t\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ec1u. Ch\u1eef l\u00f3t \u201cph\u00fac\u201d d\u00e0nh cho T\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac Tr\u1ecb hay c\u00e1c \u00f4ng cha v\u1ee3 ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban c\u1ea5p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, T\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac Tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 ngay ch\u1eef l\u00f3t \u201cph\u00fac\u201d \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c <\/i>ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do s\u1eed quan vi\u1ebft theo l\u1ed1i h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef l\u00f3t qu\u1ed1c t\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn ta c\u00f2n suy ra g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd khuynh \u0111\u1ea3o tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 sau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1eed quan n\u00eau r\u00f5 l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00e0, t\u1eed tr\u1eadn trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn 1571, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 nh\u00e0, m\u00e0 l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng. L\u1eddi s\u1eed Nguy\u1ec5n ghi r\u1eb1ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Tr\u00e0 Qu\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng,\u201d m\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n, \u00f4ng cha l\u00e0 ai\u201d c\u00f3 v\u1ebb cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 uy th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi T\u1ed1ng (Ph\u00fac) Tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi: \u201cB\u1ea5y gi\u1edd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Lu\u00e2n Qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng,\u201d \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi danh v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng quan ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tri\u1ec1u… tham gia chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn 1648, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n V\u00e2n 1660, 1672, c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u1ee3 Ph\u00fac Kho\u00e1t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n S\u00e1ng \u2013 trong l\u00fac c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng trong cung \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cph\u00fac\u201d l\u00f3t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Ph\u1ea5n, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Qu\u00fd Huy\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng, sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m ch\u1eef Ph\u00fac.\u201d Cha \u00f4ng, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng Da\/Gia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Da, trong tr\u1eadn 1627 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u01b0u s\u0129 d\u01b0\u1edbi tay Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu D\u1eadt. S\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng ta \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n kia l\u00e0 do \u00f4ng Ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef l\u0169y Tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ee5c 1648, n\u1ed5i danh l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1ea5n c\u1ed1 tr\u00ec,\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho d\u00f2ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o Li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n,<\/i> V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa m\u1edbi gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef l\u00f3t \u201cph\u00fac\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn khi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc th\u00eam, h\u1ecd ch\u00faa l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u1eefa n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam h\u1ec7-t\u00ednh v\u1edbi ch\u1eef l\u00f3t \u201ch\u1eefu\u201d, \u201cc\u1eedu\u201d: Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu Ki\u1ec1u, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Vinh th\u00e0nh Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Vinh. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng: Nguy\u1ec5n Tri\u1ec1u V\u0103n c\u00f3 con mang t\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu D\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf con ch\u00e1u \u00f4ng ta d\u00f9 sau n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y c\u1edb d\u00e2n Gia Mi\u00eau Ngo\u1ea1i trang, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh d\u00f2ng Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00faa. Con r\u1ec3 \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb c\u0169ng mang ch\u1eef l\u00f3t h\u1ec7 t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2n T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Thanh Ho\u00e1 n\u00f3i chung, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1eb3n v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu D\u1eadt n\u1ed5i danh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng tay h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n r\u1ed9ng ra, thu t\u00f3m nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 sau, m\u00e0 khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p, n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00f2 m\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd: Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh v\u1ed1n h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eafc ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 tuy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i theo t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh Ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u1eadn \u0111\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1i h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng b\u00e1c, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ecbnh, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u1edd \u00f4ng cha chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n! Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n chung v\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u1ea1i lan th\u00eam qua nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch mu\u1ecdn m\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Phe Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh, trong cu\u1ed9c tranh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u00ean l\u00e0m sai d\u1ecbch trong l\u00e0ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 B\u00e0 R\u1ecba (1795): Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed3n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u00f3m Ch\u00e0m B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 M\u00f4n-lai-ph\u00f9-t\u1eed, Th\u00f4n-ba-h\u00fa (Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n 1764), B\u00f4-kha-\u0111\u00e1o l\u1ea1i mang h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Kinh C\u1ef1u v\u1ec1 sau. C\u00f3 \u201cth\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n\u201d x\u1ee9 V\u0129nh Long Sa \u0110ec, b\u1eaft c\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf v\u00e0o bao b\u1ed1, \u0111\u00f2i ti\u1ec1n chu\u1ed9c, g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp th\u00e0nh \u201cgi\u1eb7c Du bao,\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ng\u1eef! T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (hay n\u1eb1m trong d\u00f2ng) Nguy\u1ec5n-V\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby th\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecd t\u00f4n qu\u00fd, ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u00f3 tuy r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu t\u00e2p \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh x\u1ee9 s\u1edf h\u1ecd c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi tay \u2013 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tay ch\u00e2n th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c. T\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ti\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng theo l\u1ec7nh li\u1ec1n ch\u00e9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00f2n ch\u00faa S\u00e3i bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh: \u201cBinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i g\u00ec?\u201d \u0110\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ch\u00faa th\u1ee9 hai, Ph\u00fac Lan, m\u1edbi v\u1eeba ch\u01a1i vui y\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7c, thu nh\u1eadn b\u00e0 ch\u1ecb d\u00e2u v\u00e0o cung, x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, khi b\u1ecb k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi can ng\u0103n, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ngay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p, Ph\u00fac T\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao \u0111\u00f3n ch\u1edd, v\u1eabn b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i d\u1eabn thuy\u1ec1n ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n. T\u00ednh kh\u1eafc k\u1ec9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9 khi Ph\u00fac T\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con h\u00e1t xinh \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0o cung, ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, li\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft (1652). H\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 e d\u00e8 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed b\u00e0 d\u00ec gh\u1ebb, v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong v\u00f9ng theo m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eb9 tay.
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<\/h6>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t s\u00e2u s\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n xa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m d\u00e0i tr\u1ed1ng v\u1eafng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i loay hoay gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u00f4ng c\u0169ng an ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng quan tr\u1ea5n nh\u1eadm c\u00f5i xa, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafng c\u00f4ng th\u00eam. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trao th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m quan l\u1ea1i co r\u00fat c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau v\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb. \u0110\u00e1m th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngoi l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 B\u00f9i T\u00e1 H\u00e1n, d\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2n th\u1ed5 quan\u201d l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, n\u00ean th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, n\u01a1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 v\u00f3i t\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c ch\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o tr\u00ean cao c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u1ec1 sau n\u01a1i chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng Kh\u00e1m l\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ho\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u1ee7 Ho\u00e0i Nh\u01a1n (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng) giao thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 h\u00e0o ph\u00fa nu\u00f4i (v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed) anh x\u01b0\u1edbng ca l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n. Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng, l\u00fac nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (1570) c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean g\u00e2y xung \u0111\u1ed9t ngay sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ngay ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3ng, ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i b\u00ecnh tr\u1ecb b\u00ean kia \u0111\u00e8o H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n (1571) v\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n M\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u1eefa. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111ang tranh gi\u00e0nh, Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169, truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho con \u00fd th\u1ee9c li khai nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Nguy\u00ean, h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ebft sinh l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n theo v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai. V\u1edbi ch\u00faa S\u00e3i Ph\u00fac Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (1614) s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng theo m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u1edf v\u00f9ng Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p (1564). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra Tam ti (X\u00e1 sai, T\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i, L\u1ec7nh s\u1eed) m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n \u00e1n, x\u1eed ki\u1ec7n, l\u1ec5 ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u mang d\u00e1ng lu m\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c thu thu\u1ebf, cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng cho qu\u00e2n binh khi\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt khi ta th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, thu\u1ed9c, n\u1eadu… Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thu t\u00f3m ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng khi\u1ebfn ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam c\u00e1c ti N\u1ed9i l\u1eb9nh s\u1eed v\u00e0 L\u1ec7nh s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3 gia ri\u00eang cho nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa \u2013 N\u1ed9i ph\u1ee7. <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1edbi Dinh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7, huy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a L\u00ea nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t hay pha tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb X\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t (di d\u00e2n hay \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1) nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c th\u00f4n, man, n\u1eadu l\u1ebb t\u1ebb h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, \u201cc\u00e1c n\u01a1i g\u1ea7n n\u00fai r\u1eebng, d\u1ecdc s\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n,\u201d kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp Ch\u00e0m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Hoa. Tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 1774, c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng n\u1eeda nam B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi t\u00ean 3 thu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m g\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa. C\u00f2n d\u00f5i theo t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u201cthu\u1ed9c\u201d t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng do s\u1eed quan ghi n\u0103m 1726, v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1ed3i qu\u1ed1c s\u01a1\u201d th\u00ec c\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nam s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn: Qu\u1ea3ng Nam n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kinh \u0111\u00f4 Ch\u00e0m c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00ean dinh \u201cCh\u00e0m\u201d, K\u1ebb Chi\u00eam, v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i An bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 19 thu\u1ed9c, trong khi Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 4 thu\u1ed9c, Quy Ninh (Vijaya c\u0169) l\u00ean 13, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII c\u00f2n n\u1eef ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m, l\u1ea1i v\u1ecdt l\u00ean 36 thu\u1ed9c. Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ec3n c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ea1 \/ M\u1ecdi H\u1ea1 \u2013 \u201cm\u1ecdi\u201d nh\u01b0ng mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft sinh ho\u1ea1t Ch\u00e0m \u2013 v\u00f9ng hai ph\u1ee7 B\u00ecnh Khang, Di\u00ean Ninh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 34 thu\u1ed9c, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 30 thu\u1ed9c. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xen k\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y Ch. Borri n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n! Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n d\u00e0i \u1edf H\u1ed9i An c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u201cthuy\u1ec1n Ch\u00e2u \u1ea5n\u201d \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ch. Borri, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (2001).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t kho ri\u00eang \u201cNh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3\u201d n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n thu c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean n\u0103m 1618 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u201c\u0111\u1ea1c ru\u1ed9ng (c\u1ee7a) d\u00e2n hai x\u1ee9\u201d Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng, l\u1ea5y l\u00ed do \u201cb\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ed, h\u00e0o h\u1eefu x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang,\u201d nay tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh thu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y thu\u1ebf. L\u1ea5y thu\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng coi \u0111\u00f3 nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u2013 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng x\u00e3, <\/i>b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec sai h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1n do nh\u1eefng \u201cti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec1n\u201d mang n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, tay ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn khai kh\u1ea9n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng hoang ho\u00e1 l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y n\u00ean c\u00f3 thu ho\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn lao m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ea1p thu\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u cho nh\u1eefng quan ch\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n n\u1eb1m trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nay d\u1eddi mai \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 qu\u1eaft. D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 x\u01b0a th\u00ec th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i l\u01b0u b\u00fat Thu\u1ef7 thi\u00ean t\u1ef1 <\/i>(1384) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng thu\u1ef7 t\u1ed5 h\u1ecd B\u00f9i l\u00e0ng C\u00e2u L\u00e3m (?), Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y qua l\u1eddi t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An: \u201cL\u00faa ngo\u00e0i ru\u1ed9ng, qu\u00e1 k\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a thu ho\u1ea1ch.\u201d Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 khi ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau. Cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1c ru\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 1618 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ecbch thu ru\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu thu\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n chia cho quan, d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y ru\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u1edf B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Minh M\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u chia cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng b\u01b0ng bi\u1ec1n m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c \u201c\u0111o ru\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf\u201d n\u0103m 1669 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1c nh\u1eefng ru\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c canh l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng… (v\u00ec) d\u00e2n gian nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm canh ru\u1ed9ng l\u1eadu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf tr\u00ean ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi tay m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, kh\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c thu nh\u1eadn. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i r\u1eebng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y m\u00e0 h\u1ecd thu thu\u1ebf (th\u00e2n, s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt, l\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch) tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. Thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng, theo nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Li Tana l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n. Tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng c\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho d\u00e2n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u201cph\u1ee5 thu\u201d theo l\u1ed1i cung ph\u1ee5ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cho c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i cung \u0111\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i m\u00e2y, s\u1ee3i l\u1ea1t l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, ti\u1ec1n may bao (\u0111\u1ef1ng g\u1ea1o)… C\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ea1p thu\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f4ng, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i n\u00ean h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ef1c d\u00e2n\u201d tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, may m\u1eafn thay l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u00ec c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd \u0111i theo thu th\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Nguy\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho n\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00f3 mang nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00ean cao l\u00e0 Dinh (qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n trung gian ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed \u0111o\u00e1n ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 t\u1eadn v\u00e9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c Ti \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 thu chi l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng cho c\u00e1c Dinh. Vi\u1ec7c thu thu\u1ebf, b\u1eaft l\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb L\u00ea s\u01a1 qua c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u00e0 6 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1edbn, 3 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi. V\u1eabn c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng L\u00e1nh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh L\u00ednh., h\u1ea1ng Qu\u00e2n d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u1ea1ng D\u00e2n sau r\u1ed1t, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong quy \u0111\u1ecbnh mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 n\u1ea1p thu\u1ebf, \u0111i x\u00e2u. Ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh binh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ed5 binh hay thu\u1ed9c binh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m (qu\u00e2n C\u00f4n Man [M\u1ecdi G\u1eady? M\u1ecdi Con?] c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh.) V\u1edb\u00ed ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa, n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00f9 m\u1edd d\u00e2n\/l\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef tr\u1ecb an v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n khi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh b\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh l\u00f9ng b\u1eaft l\u00ednh nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra th\u1eddi x\u01b0a nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u0110\u00e0ng Trong so ra s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a h\u01a1n l\u00ednh \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n J. Crawfurd cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n l\u00e0nh l\u1eb7n, b\u1ecbt kh\u0103n tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Ch\u00e0m\/\u1ea4n ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f2n s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n th\u00ec ghi r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0103n m\u1eb7c sang tr\u1ecdng (l\u00ednh m\u1eb7c \u00e1o \u0111\u1ecf, \u00e1o xanh \u2013 B. Vachet s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong 1673-83,) th\u1ee9 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho quan t\u01b0\u1edbng Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 n\u0103m 1774 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00ec th\u1ea5y k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0103n m\u1eb7c r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbi, d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5. H\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh binh tuy g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thu\u1ef7 l\u1eabn b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1ed9 binh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cthuy\u1ec1n\u201d ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Ch\u00e0m c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong: C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ng\u0103n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u00e3y n\u00fai n\u00ean ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng ra bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c l\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ea1i S\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn khi t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i An \u0111i tri\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn ch\u00faa \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169 m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf k\u00e9o d\u00e0i khi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ra B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c tay ch\u00e2n l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u0103n quan cao c\u1ea5p, chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u00c2u T\u00e2y nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Cai t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd qua c\u00e1c quan l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0o g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean quan ch\u1ee9c. Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong n\u0103m 1657 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u201cchi\u00eau m\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef (H\u00e1n)\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n do m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Cai t\u00e0u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tri\u1ec1u Ch\u00e2u thi h\u00e0nh \u1edf H\u1ed9i An, b\u1eaft l\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef m\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00fac ra \u0111i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed1i ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 con. Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7 vi\u1ebft k\u00ed s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 gan l\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec n\u1ed7i \u0111au m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u201ctr\u01b0ng s\u0129\u201d (theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 vua v\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 danh v\u1ecdng) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh. <\/p>\n

\u1ede c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ch nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp l\u1eadp tuy\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed5n ph\u00ed. S\u1eed s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho bi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1646 c\u00f3 m\u1edf khoa thi l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c (thi Hoa v\u0103n), v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m quan (thi Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3.) Tuy Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7 hu\u00eanh hoang v\u1edbi s\u1edf h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p v\u1edbi quan \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ham hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu kinh s\u00e1ch Nho h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i An \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 Kinh S\u1eed uy\u00ean \u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u201ctruy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u:\u201d Tam qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ed di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a, Phong th\u1ea7n.<\/i> Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y Ph\u00fac Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc Chi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch. <\/i>V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu D\u00e2t c\u00f3 t\u1eadp Hoa v\u0103n c\u00e1o th\u1ecb <\/i>(1650), v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu H\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i n\u00f4m Song tinh, <\/i>b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Minh Thanh c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u xa. T\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chung l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean tuy \u0110\u00e0ng Trong ch\u01b0a m\u1edf khoa thi Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c v\u0103n ch\u1ee9c trong tri\u1ec1u, \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Ngh\u00e8 \u2013 qua nghe ng\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Omgne <\/i>(Ch. Borri 1621,) Unghe chieu<\/i> (\u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, Gaspar Luis 1626,) on ghe bo, o\u0169 nghe bo <\/i>(\u00f4ng ngh\u00e8 B\u1ed9, A. de Rhodes 1647…) c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e0 Ngh\u00e8 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u Th\u1ecb Ngh\u00e8 (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0 k\u00ed \u1edf ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh (Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c.) D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea1p h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh s\u1eed k\u00ed \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc trong To\u00e0n th\u01b0 <\/i>b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00ec c\u0169ng theo Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7, v\u0103n ch\u1ee9c n\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Minh Thanh l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt. Quy\u1ec3n \u201cch\u00ed\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Khoa Chi\u00eam c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed3ng \u201cdi\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a.\u201d C\u00f2n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n V\u0103n Khu\u00f4ng \u0111em tr\u1ea3 s\u1eafc phong cho Tr\u1ecbnh (1629) tuy ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng tr\u00f3t l\u1ecdt qua m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u01b0u l\u00e9n l\u00fat n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ed3i \u201cthi\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n nho\u201d c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng Minh. \u0110\u00e2y h\u1eb3n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i gi\u01b0\u01a1ng danh t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng Ngo\u1ea1 Long c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 (1627). <\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n cho ch\u00faa. D\u00f9 sao \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp cho d\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng (v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng. May m\u1eafn v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u1ea3 con cho ch\u00faa t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn k\u0129 th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf L\u1ea1i ph\u1ed3n vinh cung c\u1ea5p Ng\u00f4 Ng\u1ecdc L\u00e2m xinh \u0111\u1eb9p gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng th\u1eafng L\u1eadp B\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd \u0110o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac Lan tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00faa theo ki\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng suy t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1n ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng con ch\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u201cb\u00e1ch t\u00ednh\u201d kia c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngoi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m m\u00e0 to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n k\u1ec1m k\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng H\u1ed3 V\u0103n Mai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean c\u00f3 con g\u00e1i l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng ch\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i Ph\u00fac Ch\u00fa ban l\u1ec7nh cho con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng-m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n dao d\u1ecbch (1726). S\u1ef1 chia s\u1edbt quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh tuy ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa th\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u00fai xa. <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n b\u00ean l\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Nguy\u1ec5n u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111em s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5n tr\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam theo m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh, v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba m\u1ee9a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00edch tr\u1eef trong cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00fat b\u1ecf. <\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1611 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n tuy \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh m\u1edbi t\u1eeb 1578 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Ch\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u00e8o C\u00f9 M\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh H\u1ed3 (th\u00e0nh An Nghi\u1ec7p, Tuy Ho\u00e0,) l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t khai kh\u1ea9n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8o. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh n\u00ean n\u0103m 1629 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c Nam ti\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean dinh Tr\u1ea5n Bi\u00ean c\u1ee9 mang c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111i xa d\u1ea7n theo \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay. Ba ng\u00e0n t\u00f9 binh Tr\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn 1648 \u0111em r\u1ea3i ra t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Nam \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean theo t\u1eebng 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh \u1ea5p, sinh s\u1ed1ng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1edd tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa, t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u trong v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c cho vay, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, l\u1ea5n \u00e1t ch\u00fat quy\u1ec1n uy lay l\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng n\u1eef c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea3 cho Po Rom\u00e9 mang t\u00ean Ch\u00e0m: Bia \u00dat (1631?) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 ho\u00e3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch x\u00fai ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y Krek th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng t\u00ean Vua M\u00ea <\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ea c\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng vua \u201cd\u1ea1i g\u00e1i\u201d kia. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i, x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam dinh Th\u00e1i Khang (1653) \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn s\u00f4ng Phan Rang. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c ch\u00faa Chi\u00eam an t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u1eefa v\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1eadn nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa \u1edf xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam.<\/p>\n

L\u00faa g\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nu\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u00ean r\u1eebng n\u00fai, thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3i chung th\u00ec tr\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1eeb v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201cman\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf xa, nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf g\u1ea7n (v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao: Man Cao, Man Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \/ \u201cM\u1ecdi hoang,\u201d Man H\u1ea1 \/ \u201cM\u1ecdi thu\u1ed9c.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 danh M\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, th\u1ea5y s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u1edf t\u1eeb \u201cK\u1ebb M\u1ecdi\u201d (Ch. Borri 1621) c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ti\u1ebfng t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng Thanh Ho\u00e1: \u201cm\u00f3n\u201d\/\u201dm\u1ecdi\u201d\/\u201dng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 chung c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai m\u1edbi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 (n\u00f3i chung) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, l\u1eabn v\u1edbi t\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t hay \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m Vi\u1ec7t H\u00e1n. T\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n Vi\u00ean Ki\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ean t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y nay. Ta nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t t\u00ean T\u1ed3i \u00d4i l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u201cl\u1eadu\u201d l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc. C\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec c\u1edb g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00edt sao v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 mang h\u1ecd Phan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eebng c\u1ee5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u201cng\u0169\u201d) trong khi t\u00ean S\u00e1ch h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c theo ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh r\u1eebng n\u00fai \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a: \u201cs\u00e1ch\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau trong sinh ho\u1ea1t bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c r\u1eebng n\u00fai. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c qua nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong n\u00fai, tuy c\u00f3 khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u1eb1m \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 \u201cngu\u1ed3n\u201d, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Thu\u1ebf c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o d\u00e2n ngu\u1ed3n n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thu\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u201d d\u00e0nh cho quan t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c mua \u00e9p gi\u00e1, mua tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea3 sau. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n bu\u00f4n qua l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n qua \u0111\u00e8o Lao B\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n cho n\u00ean ch\u00faa S\u00e3i ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n g\u00ecn gi\u1eef an ninh cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y (1621) v\u00e0 l\u1eadp dinh Lao B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a. C\u1ea3ng H\u1ed3 X\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u00f9n c\u00e1t l\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n (1668), c\u00f2n Mai X\u00e1 khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng (1681) c\u00f3 ghi lu\u00f4n t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf mang ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i An \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. <\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp, th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean r\u1eebng n\u00fai. Trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn cho d\u00e2n r\u1eebng n\u00fai mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 c\u0169, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng. Th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n Man th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/h\u1ea1\/cao ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean trong t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 hay d\u00f9ng tr\u00e2u, heo, c\u00f9ng thanh la, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ee9 (c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i mang l\u00ean) n\u00e0y b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y l\u1eafm!\u201d Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Mi\u00ean, L\u00e0o l\u1ea1i. V\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u0103n ho\u00e1 C\u1ed3ng chi\u00eang\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf! C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u00edt ra l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng s\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 cao c\u1ea5p \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft trong \u1ea5y c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u201cban\u201d cho vua L\u1eeda, vua N\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00e1ch xa v\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 n\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 ghi t\u00ean c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y t\u00ean t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00f9ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai\u201d v\u00ec h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n chi\u00eau t\u1eadp d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai v\u00e0 l\u01b0u d\u00e2n khai kh\u1ea9n l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn 72 tr\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng b\u1eafc B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau b\u1eb1ng xe-n\u01b0\u1edbc mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ecba c\u00f2n m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt qua th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh, l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u00ean \u201cM\u1ecdi \u0110\u00e1 V\u00e1ch\u201d chung chung m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn: ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00ea\/Ra\u0111\u00ea\/\u00ca\u0111\u00ea ph\u00eda nam La Hai (Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean \u2013 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u00e0 Lai (Jarai) khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Nam B\u00e0n. Danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng n\u0103m1471. L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c x\u01b0a nay bao g\u1ed3m hai \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d Thu\u1ef7 X\u00e1 v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea3 X\u00e1 v\u1edbi hai \u201cvua\u201d N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u201cvua\u201d L\u1eeda. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean l\u00e0ng \u201cch\u1eebng h\u01a1n 50 th\u00f4n\u201d tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a. D\u00e2n Jarai n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 vua L\u1eeda vua N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 Jarai \u201cg\u1ed1c\u201d. Th\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa t\u00ean hai vua nh\u01b0 s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n ghi hai t\u00ean kh\u00e1c: \u0110\u00f4n v\u01b0\u01a1ng (vua N\u01b0\u1edbc?) v\u00e0 Nga v\u01b0\u01a1ng (vua L\u1eeda?) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n \u201ch\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 H\u1ecfa qu\u1ed1c.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb cho th\u1ea5y Vua L\u1eeda \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n v\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y ki\u1ebfm, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng b\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn b\u00e1ch th\u1eafng, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c trong v\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c, cung ph\u1ee5ng cho sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a hai Vua. H\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1i quan \u0111\u1ebfn li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, thu thu\u1ebf, nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Odend\u2019hal v\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i xem ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a vua L\u1eeda Euil At m\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00ca\u0111\u00ea gi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1904. H\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng sau r\u1ed1t n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1eadc Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao v\u00e0o tay anh bi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i thu thu\u1ebf n\u01a1i g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <\/p>\n

T\u00ean Nam B\u00e0n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00ea l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e0m th\u1eadt s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. V\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a hai vua L\u1eeda, N\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cm\u1eb7c \u00e1o Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh s\u1eb7c s\u1ee1,\u201d hai vua ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n vua H\u1ed3\u201d c\u00f3 voi \u0111\u00e1, ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e1 \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 khu th\u00e1p Ch\u00e0m Yang Mun \u1edf Bu\u00f4n Chu (Cheo Reo) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Danh x\u01b0ng chung cho hai vua: p\u01a1tao \/ botao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e0m, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cng\u00e0i\u201d, \u201cth\u1ea7y\u201d hay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cvua\u201d. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Nam B\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n l\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo l\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam <\/i>\u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean cho n\u00ean Hoa Anh c\u1ee7a sau n\u0103m 1471 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ea1 ng\u00e0y nay. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 v\u00ec tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u201c(c\u00e1nh) \u0111\u1ed3ng (c\u1ee7a) D\u00e0ng\/Yang,\u201d di t\u00edch \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cVi\u1ec7t\u201d h\u1ecd Tr\u00e0, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u1edf B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e1-m\u00e1i sang tr\u1ecdng \u1edf Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ecd Ma… Cho n\u00ean n\u0103m 1578, L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh H\u1ed3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Hoa Anh, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u1eef ch\u00faa Th\u1ecb Ho\u1ea3 theo T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ng\u00e0y sau. \u00d4ng m\u1ed9 d\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c v\u00f9ng C\u00f9 M\u00f4ng (gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh), Xu\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i (b\u1eafc Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean), c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1edd\u00ec \u201cXi\u00eam\u201d, ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c Nam \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. T\u01b0\u1edbng V\u0103n Phong tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (1611) l\u1ea1i ra m\u1eb7t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (1629). S\u1eed n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n\u201d ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n Ch\u00e0m \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu ta nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u201cthu\u1ed9c\u201d. <\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i co d\u00e3n sau 1471 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201ckinh \u0111\u00f4\u201d l\u00e0 Bal Debare (Plei Bocon \/ Caklin \/ Chung M\u0129, An Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, Ninh Thu\u1eadn,) th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u0169, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an b\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt T\u00e2y Ban Nha b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m b\u1eaft (1592) v\u00ec t\u1ed9i \u201cx\u00e2m nh\u1eadp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5,\u201d \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0ong qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i xu\u00f4i nam b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i gh\u00e9 v\u00e0o mua s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt qu\u00fd. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Po Rom\u00e9 (1627-1651) n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt qua nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee3i, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u01a1n ra t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 ph\u00eda v\u00f9ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Ch\u00e0m tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng \u0111e do\u1ea1 h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n, g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y krek l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb \u0111i v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft. H\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ec9nh Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 do B\u00e0 T\u1ea5m (Po Nrop) g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ho\u00e0 Lan b\u1ecb b\u00e3o d\u1ea1t v\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (1661) nghe chuy\u1ec7n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Dairo Th\u1ea7y C\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf Po Rom\u00e9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kinh dinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm n\u0103m 1653 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xung \u0111\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ta th\u1ea5y Po Rom\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn giao ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e0m m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u201ckho t\u00e0ng vua Ch\u00e0m\u201d g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 \u00e1o m\u00e3o, ki\u1ebfm g\u01b0\u01a1m, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng… <\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p mang t\u00ean Po Rom\u00e9 \u1edf Palei Th\u01b0\u01a1n (H\u1eadu Sanh, Ninh Thu\u1eadn) tuy ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i suy \u0111\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169. Ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfp theo kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng suy y\u1ebfu. \u00d4ng \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o (\u201c\u0111i h\u1ecdc Kabar rup \/ g\u1ed3ng\u201d \u1edf Kelantan, M\u00e3 Lai,) t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 mang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u00edt h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o c\u0169 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0 h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xung kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi. Th\u00e1p th\u00ec theo khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u1ea4n Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p pha tr\u1ed9n l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng: c\u00f3 4 tay nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea4n, m\u1eaft x\u1ebfch, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 r\u00e2u ng\u1ea1nh tr\u00ea, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ee5 ch\u1ee5p (fez) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n c\u00fang t\u1ebf th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Kh\u00f9 \/ Guru, ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u1ea4n, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 S\u01b0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u0103m B\u00e0-ni. Chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u Ph\u00e1p Galath\u00e9e n\u0103m 1720 gh\u00e9 v\u00e0o Phan R\u00ed nh\u1eadn ra c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong akayet (tr\u00e1ng ca) Um M\u01b0rup.<\/i> B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, ph\u00e1i B\u00e0 ni \/ Bini c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam th\u00eam l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00e1ng tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt ph\u00e1i Ch\u0103m B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n l\u00fac n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh tr\u00ean cao n\u00ean trong cung c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201cgi\u1ea5y\u201d l\u00e1 bu\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp cao nh\u01b0 khi d\u00f9ng bia \u0111\u00e1 cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n th\u01a1 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII, XVIII c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sau. V\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00e1c ariya (l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t Ch\u00e0m) C\u0103m Bini,<\/i> hay Bini C\u0103m<\/i> v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1ng v\u0103n tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ed1n c\u1ee9 b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u Nho c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4 khan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1620. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea5y v\u00ec c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1eef Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p x\u01b0a c\u0169 n\u1eefa m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang: Khmer, chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m th\u00e0nh Cao Mi\u00ean (hay v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 Cao Man v\u00ec k\u1ecb hu\u00fd Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb.) C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Cambodia\/Kambuj\u00e2s m\u00e0 L\u00ea T\u1eafc ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb x\u01b0a v\u1edbi t\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3n Ph\u1ed1 Tr\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn sau th\u00ec ghi l\u00e0 Camboye. T\u00ean H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t kia b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n l\u01b0u d\u00e2n Minh t\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f9 lao \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C\u00f9 lao Ph\u1ed1, sau n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp qua m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng sai l\u1ea1c \u201cch\u1eef t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef t\u1ed9,\u201d n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean! M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea7u th\u00e2n n\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u1eef Nguy\u1ec5n (Ng\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n, suy \u0111o\u00e1n theo Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Ki\u1ec3m) l\u1ea5y Chey Chettha (II).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng r\u00eca gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p \/ Cao Mi\u00ean v\u00e0 Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00fac kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a hai v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. V\u00f9ng B\u00e0 R\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ecdi, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn: M\u1ed7i Xuy (H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t) \/ M\u00f4 Xo\u00e0i (th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn ra l\u00e0 M\u1ecdi Xo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec l\u1eafm. To\u00e1n Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9 lao Ph\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1679 trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ean r\u1ea1ch M\u1ecdi, m\u1ea3 M\u1ecdi, n\u00fai G\u00f2 M\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m nay nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 M\u1ea1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1 \u0110\u1eddng cho \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, \u0110\u1ea1 Glung cho s\u00f4ng B\u00e9. T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eebng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c M\u1ea1\u201d \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. T\u00ean x\u1ee9 B\u00e0n L\u00e2n ghi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, n\u01a1i quan binh Minh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng, c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng ch\u1eef blaang (c\u00e2y g\u00f2n) v\u00e0 t\u00ean S\u00e0i G\u00f2n s\u00e1t \u00e2m, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong hai t\u00ean Khmer cho l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t ra t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t (Prey Kor: r\u1eebng c\u00e2y g\u00f2n) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e2m tr\u00e2u ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 th\u00fa th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng du canh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ea1 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a. Cho n\u00ean danh x\u01b0ng kia kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u00edt ra th\u00ec c\u0169ng mang c\u00f9ng t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc Sti\u00eang\u201d ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung l\u1edbn: \u201cth\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4\u201d Tinh X\u01b0\u01a1ng trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Taberd 1858.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng qua v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng chia x\u1ebb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y ki\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 l\u00fac vua L\u1eeda \u0111\u00f2i Cao Mi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng! Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer ch\u00ednh t\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1n Angkor v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 coi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc Xi\u00eam La ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Angkor 1431 khi\u1ebfn Cao Mi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 xu\u1ed1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed3i B\u00e0 P\u00eanh\u201d \/ Phnom Penh 1434. S\u1ef1 d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t khai th\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Angkor \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng Ng\u00e3 T\u01b0, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 quanh \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Chey Chettha l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 Vi\u1ec7t, v\u1ee3 L\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ho\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u1edf Phnom Penh v\u00e0 con \u00f4ng ta, Riamiathipdei, N\u1eb7c \u00d4ng Ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Thomas Bowyear l\u00fac \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n (1695) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 Cambodge \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00f4ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n. <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Nguy\u00ean khi g\u1ea3 con cho Chey Chettha ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh ph\u00eda nam nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng Nguy\u1ec5n (b\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Ang Cuv \/ Dam Sat) \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp n\u01a1i thu thu\u1ebf quan \u1edf Prei Kor v\u00e0 Kas Krobei (1623 \u2013 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 B\u1ebfn Ngh\u00e9). S\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n im l\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Cao Mi\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cs\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn\u201d ri\u00eang theo ki\u1ec3u l\u1ea5y \u201cthu\u1ebf t\u01b0\u201d c\u1ee7a to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m \u0103n v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng trong v\u00f9ng trong khi ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang loay hoay \u1edf Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0 1653 th\u00ec mi\u1ec1n h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u Mekong t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 An c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111em qu\u00e2n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Cao Mi\u00ean, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a N\u1ea1c \u00d4ng Ch\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con b\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t trong tranh ch\u1ea5p, \u0111em ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb cho con b\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t: Batumriachia (1660-1672). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh Cao Mi\u00ean, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong s\u1ef1 ph\u1ebf l\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t vua ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 S\u00f4 \/ Ang Sor \u1edf V\u0169ng Long (Neak Lu\u00f4ng \u2013Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c), vua th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 N\u1eb7c N\u1ed9n \/ Ang Non \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Con c\u1ee7a S\u00f4, N\u1eb7c \u00d4ng \u0110\u00e0i (B\u00f4 T\u00e2m \u2013 Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c) gi\u1ebft cha, \u0111u\u1ed5i N\u0103c N\u1ecdn l\u1ea5n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng M\u1ecdi Xo\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1i qu\u00e2n B\u00ecnh Khang chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, l\u1ea5n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Mi\u00ean chi\u1ebfm Lovek, Phnom Penh, x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i, cho N\u1eb7c Thu \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Oudong, N\u1eb7c N\u1ed9n \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. S\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 sau v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1ee9ng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer, qu\u1ea7n t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u201cgi\u1ed3ng\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf cao do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Mi\u1ec7t D\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Khmer Krom. Tuy nhi\u00ean ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 cho bi\u1ebft di d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i v\u00e0o. D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft d\u00e2n h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y lo\u00e1ng tho\u00e1ng n\u01a1i l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00f3i qua tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 sau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3 B\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea1n k\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf bi\u1ec3n, \u1edf n\u00fai theo \u0111\u1ea1o B\u00e1i Nh\u1eadt \u1edf trong 36 c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n M\u00e3n Th\u00edch Gia (Malacca).\u201d N\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o cho ta \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng con s\u1ed1 36 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00ean t\u1ed5ng B\u00e1i Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e0y qu\u00e2n M\u1ea1c n\u0103m 1572 khi\u1ebfn ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: Tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng C\u1ed3n Ti\u00ean kia c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f2n con s\u1ed1 36 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong bia Tu\u00fd Ti\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u1ed9i An n\u1eefa? N\u00ean nh\u1eafc: N\u1eb7c \u00d4ng Ch\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0\u1eddng Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0 cho ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc v\u1edbi t\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch v\u1edf (1621) l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch. Borri \u1edf H\u1ed9i An, nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ecd chia v\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u1edf r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c n\u00ean ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3i lo qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u201cx\u00e3\u201d m\u00e0 hai t\u00ean th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Thanh H\u00e0 v\u00e0 Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng quanh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, kho\u1ea3ng 1645. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai t\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ean Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ta t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 sau. Ch\u1eef \u201ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u201cm\u00f9i th\u01a1m\u201d ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c c\u01b0 tr\u00fa nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cthanh\u201d trong t\u00ean l\u00e0ng kia v\u00ec hai t\u00ean x\u00e3 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. V\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m Minh d\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u vong, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ean Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n.\u201d Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u0111\u00f3 (theo c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y nay) v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u00e2n, H\u00e1n Nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i H\u00e1n m\u00e0 theo v\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb th\u00ec h\u1ecd gi\u00e0nh t\u00ean H\u00e1n Nh\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0 tr\u00fa l\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u00e2n khi \u0111\u00e3 gom v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng kia.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec tuy c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng xa l\u1ea1, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 l\u1ed1i sinh ho\u1ea1t, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, g\u00e2y nghi ng\u1edd t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7nh b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1eaft gao khi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa. C\u1ea7n Joan da Cruz, ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean Th\u1ee3 \u0110\u00fac, cho ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 d\u00f2ng T\u00ean, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o… LM. d\u2019Arnedo, Koffler tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n d\u1eef v\u00ec l\u00e0m Kh\u00e2m thi\u00ean gi\u00e1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi v\u00ec ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh l\u00e0 vua B\u1ed3, c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c y ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2y, c\u00f2n V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t v\u00ec l\u1eddi s\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed5i thay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi li\u00ean l\u1ea1c m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n Ch\u00e2u \u1ea5n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \/ Lai Vi\u1ec5n Ki\u1ec1u (1714) nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Shogun (1636) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7 c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nh\u1edd c\u1ea1y n\u0103m 1657. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb thu\u1edf n\u00e0o d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5p v\u00e1p giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00ec bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi c\u1eed t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t theo danh v\u1ecb \u201c\u00f4ng ngh\u00e8\u201d \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc cho Ch\u00faa, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua c\u00e1c danh v\u1ecb trung gian bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u1edbn c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan Cai t\u00e0u v\u1ee5 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn hay l\u00e0m Cai \u0111\u1ed9i, T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i thu th\u1eadp s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3n, n\u00fai r\u1eebng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean trong v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1<\/strong> <\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 T\u1ee9 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n: n\u1ed9i t\u1ea3, ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3, n\u1ed9i h\u1eefu, ngo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu n\u0103m 1638 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a Thomas Bowyear (1695) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a 4 \u00f4ng c\u1eadu\/ch\u00fa\/b\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi cho h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn nh\u01b0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh vua m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t vong th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 Minh, Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n x\u00fai Nguy\u1ec5n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap n\u00ean l\u00e0m thay th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nam B\u1eafc trong tr\u1eadn ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Ngh\u1ec7 An, m\u00e0 trong t\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00faa x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cAn Nam Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d Chu c\u00f2n h\u00e9 m\u1edf cho ch\u00faa th\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu gi\u00fap \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u00e0 Minh th\u00ec khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd xin phong v\u01b0\u01a1ng cho Nguy\u1ec5n, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec7 g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t vua L\u00ea! T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c l\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Tr\u1ecbnh \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Chu c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng n\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea9n tr\u00fa. <\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c \u0111i khi s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Tr\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n r\u1ea3nh tay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf uy l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 sung t\u00fac cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, n\u00e2ng cao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ea3ng Nam\u201d theo v\u1edbi t\u00ean trung t\u00e2m tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u00e8o H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh cai tr\u1ecb n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa X\u1ee9, ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng deva-raja m\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u n\u00ean s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 \u0111i. Danh hi\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng,\u201d v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y ch\u00f9a m\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u00e1p Ch\u00e0m c\u0169 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang t\u00ean v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu \u201cThi\u00ean M\u1ee5\u201d ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u0169 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u1ec1 sau \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ph\u00e1t t\u00edch t\u1ef1 \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb t\u00ecm c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u00f4ng tuy c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi ch\u00faa (chuy\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1689 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Mai V\u1ea1n Long) nh\u01b0 ch\u00faa v\u1eabn x\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u201cthu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u0103n ho\u00e1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf khoa thi l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch, thu thu\u1ebf, th\u00e2u th\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong Kinh S\u1eed, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Tam qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ed di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a!<\/i> Cho n\u00ean c\u1ea7u lu\u1ef5 Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1 h\u00e0 c\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c \u2013 m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi, g\u00f4ng c\u00f9m, do\u1ea1 gi\u1ebft! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 B\u1ed3 lai \u1ea4n Joan da Cruz \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang cho ch\u00faa, th\u00ec ghi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho v\u1ecb vua (bao g\u1ed3m) \u201cCochinchine, Champa v\u00e0 Cambodge.\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Tr\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00eda nam th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y danh ngh\u0129a \u201cAn Nam Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 (1688) cho \u201cNh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Chu m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n l\u1ea1c l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac tang l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1ee7 cho \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean mang danh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u00faa k\u00e8m theo nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u00ean bao tr\u00f9m: Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa (1693). Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn gi\u00fap vua (L\u00ea): Th\u00e1i ph\u00f3 Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng. T\u00ean An Nam l\u00e0 t\u1eeb phong c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng c\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c danh b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u ng\u00f3 l\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u n\u00ean c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng ghi tr\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e1, trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi m\u1eddi Th\u1ea1ch Li\u00eam Ho\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (1694), ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c c\u1ea7u phong Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean trong t\u1edd tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf qua loa \u0111\u00e1p \u01a1n c\u1ea7u th\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa, \u00f4ng ho\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00faa \u201cti\u1ebfn c\u1ed1ng Trung tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh danh hi\u1ec7u.\u201d Theo l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1702, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ea1i S\u00e1n c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7u phong. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh (L\u00ea), ngay trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa ti\u1ebfp Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ea1i S\u00e1n c\u00f2n nh\u1eafc chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh, \u00e1m \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ea5m \u201ct\u00e1m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1…\u201d C\u00f2n quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 danh nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Ti\u1ec1n, c\u1ea3 sau s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng (1744) khi vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho ch\u00faa g\u1eedi tr\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc (1756) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu d\u00f9ng danh hi\u1ec7u An Nam Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 quan d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u00f4ng ch\u00faa n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u201cd\u00e2ng\u201d t\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1i ph\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng (1740). Cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng. N\u0103m 1709, Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa \u0111\u00fac \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00faa V\u0129nh tr\u1ea5n chi b\u1ea3o. <\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1eabn s\u1ebd d\u1eb1ng dai n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111e do\u1ea1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1eddi s\u1ea5m \u201c\u0110\u1ebfn 8 \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Trung \u0111\u00f4 (\u0110\u00f4ng Kinh).\u201d Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1c quan l\u00e0 th\u1eafng Tr\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lo s\u1ee3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i cho Tr\u1ecbnh! C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 (\u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng de la Baume \u1edf Hu\u1ebf 1740) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia hi\u1eb9n di\u1ec7n th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng s\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi, mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau l\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111e do\u1ea1 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c t\u1eeb l\u1edbp v\u0103n quan \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u00e3i v\u00e3i. <\/i>M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y s\u00e3i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111em ch\u00e9m v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00fai s\u1eadp, chu\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n T\u01b0 Dung b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u: l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc, lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c, d\u00e2n ch\u1ebft v\u00ec d\u1ecbch l\u1ec7, \u0111ao binh… S\u1ef1 hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi khi ch\u00ednh ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u1ecbu l\u00ean gi\u00e0n ho\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t Cao Mi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nam \u0111i ra, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/h\u1ea1 ngu\u01a1n qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n kinh h\u1ed3n. R\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a J. Koffler (1754) v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 80 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u00fai v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda nam, \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft: \u201c Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00faa th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00fai bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi quanh ta ch\u1ebft ti\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn thay th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec1n sang tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c…\u201d <\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n: L\u1eadp th\u1eddi m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh bu\u1ed9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1744 \u201cb\u1ea7y t\u00f4i… d\u00e2ng bi\u1ec3u xin ch\u00faa l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u01b0\u01a1ng…\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00fac \u1ea5n (?), ra \u201cchi\u1ebfu\u201d x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn g\u1ed1c t\u00edch m\u1edbi: \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u..,\u201d b\u00ean trong n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p phong t\u1eb7ng cho cha \u00f4ng, d\u1ef1ng t\u00f4ng mi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n danh x\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p B\u1ed9, ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 12 dinh, 1 tr\u1ea5n (H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean) v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4 th\u00e0nh \u1edf trung t\u00e2m. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u201cb\u1ecf h\u1ebft t\u1ee5c x\u1ea5u, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu \u1edf B\u1eafc H\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u00e1o m\u0169 v\u0103n v\u1eadt r\u1ee1 r\u00e0ng (Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c).\u201d Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u00ea-kh\u00f4ng-c\u00f3-vua-L\u00ea, cho n\u00ean r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua \u0111ang \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh. \u0110i\u1ec3m d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i qua cu\u1ed9c tranh chi\u1ebfn gian kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00e1u l\u00ean ng\u00f4i n\u0103m 1802, v\u00e0 ch\u1edd vua Thanh chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn. <\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng hai to\u00e1n b\u1ea1i binh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ecbch v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1eafng T\u00e0i \/ Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Xuy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1679 d\u1eabn 3000 qu\u00e2n, 50 chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda T\u01b0 Dung xin l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t Nguy\u1ec5n. \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho \u1edf s\u00e1t b\u00ean m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to t\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai xa x\u00f4i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau, trong l\u00fac quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh \u201cGi\u1ea3n Ph\u1ed1 Tr\u1ea1i\u201d h\u01a1 h\u1ecfng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh Nguy\u1ec5n c\u0169ng t\u1eebng xoay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eady l\u00e0 binh Long M\u00f4n h\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u1edf v\u00f9ng M\u0129 Tho s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t Mi\u00ean, c\u00f2n binh Cao L\u00f4i Li\u00eam h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u00e1n ng\u1eef kh\u1ed1i d\u00e2n M\u1ea1 \u1edf c\u00f9 lao (Gi\u1ea3n\/\u0110\u1ea1i) Ph\u1ed1, Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0. Kh\u1ed1i h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch Nguy\u1ec5n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong ghi ch\u00e9p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec nh\u1edd v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. Kh\u1ed1i h\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u1edf xa h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh qua bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 1688 m\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd v\u1eeba l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng, gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi l\u00ed do \u201c\u0103n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p.\u201d S\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n tuy \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Mi\u00ean (Lovek) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng d\u1eb1ng khi\u1ebfn hai vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n mang \u0111i chinh ph\u1ee5c \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian khai kh\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi (Mai V\u1ea1n Long, ru\u1ed9ng Ch\u00e2u ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu V\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u0103m 1715,) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh. Tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n lay l\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh tr\u00ean r\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn an to\u00e0n cho \u0111\u00e1m qu\u00e2n, d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn xa. Cho n\u00ean n\u0103m 1693 B\u00e0 Tranh (Po Thot) b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea5n Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu C\u1ea3nh\/K\u00ednh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00edch l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm, m\u1edf mang tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1eddi Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c duy\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 k\u00e8m nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n thi Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3, Hoa v\u0103n, hay kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u0103n ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ri\u00eang r\u1ebd (1689, 1695 \u201cthi \u0110\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y,\u201d r\u1ed3i 1698, thi 1701, 1703, l\u1ec7nh n\u0103m1707 th\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft cho duy\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec3n n\u0103m sau, thi 1713). Di d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t, Hoa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng trung ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong n\u00ean r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c kinh l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu C\u1ea3nh (1689) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp hai dinh Tr\u1ea5n Bi\u00ean (Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0) v\u00e0 Phi\u00ean Tr\u1ea5n (Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c khu h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, thu thu\u1ebf, l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh qua bao bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn tranh, thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi trung \u01b0\u01a1ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, chia khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (1700), th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u1edbi: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 xa g\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c dinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eadn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Cao Mi\u00ean. Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1eafp v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n (1699) cho n\u00ean l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Cao Mi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho Cao Mi\u00ean th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf h\u01a1n. <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp \u0111i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m Minh l\u01b0u vong kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u cho Nguy\u1ec5n b\u01b0\u1edbc qua \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd v\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1i Lan. M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu (1655-1735), m\u1ed9t tay giang h\u1ed3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00f4i Ch\u00e2u m\u1edbi 16 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t Cao Mi\u00ean, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kinh dinh ri\u00eang v\u00f9ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean theo cung c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfng mang tham v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn: G\u00e1 b\u1ea1c, chi\u00eau t\u1eadp l\u01b0u d\u00e2n khai kh\u1ea9n ru\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea5t, trao \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai T\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau. Ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh 7 th\u00f4n x\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00eau ra, r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1i Lan nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c d\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 sau trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 Cao Mi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m trung gian. D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1 v\u1edbi hai th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c mang t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang l\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 Xi\u00eam La. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Cao Mi\u00ean m\u00e0 \u00f4ng nh\u1edd c\u1eady, l\u00e0m quan th\u00ec qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tai v\u1ea1 b\u1ecb vua Xi\u00eam b\u1eaft \u0111i (1706). L\u1ea7n tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u0169, \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean minh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. \u00d4ng h\u1eb3n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf b\u00ean kia c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng to\u00e1n Minh d\u00e2n 1679 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u1ef1u \u1ed0c nha \/ Okya c\u1ee7a Cao Mi\u00ean n\u0103m 1708 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf. V\u1edbi H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean \u1edf cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean n\u0103m 1731 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7t dinh \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, l\u1eadp ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec5n, \u0111\u0103t dinh Long H\u1ed3. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1756-57, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea9y dinh Long H\u1ed3 xa th\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m V\u0129nh Long ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o T\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u, Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t kh\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u00ean v\u00f9ng B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau, S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX theo tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n

L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh cho \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 v\u1eeba chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (1776) n\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng chi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kinh dinh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u00f4ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 m\u1edbi x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m thu x\u1ebfp cho n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u1ee5 l\u1ed9c cho c\u00e1c quan, v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh l\u00ednh (1753), v\u1ec1 thu chi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea n\u0103m 1744), v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chi li… nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u \u201cch\u1eef ngh\u0129a\u201d h\u01a1n. Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n v\u1eeba khen t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7, dinh \u201cr\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u201d 1769), v\u1eeba than th\u1edf gi\u00f9m cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u201cch\u1ecbu sao cho th\u1ea5u!\u201d Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c t\u1eadn v\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho nhu c\u1ea7u cai tr\u1ecb. C\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qua th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cQu\u00fd Huy\u1ec7n\u201d r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, cho \u201cb\u00e1ch t\u00ednh,\u201d cho d\u00e2n l\u01b0u vong, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 cho d\u00e2n phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c, \u201cman m\u1ecdi\u201d m\u1edbi v\u1ec1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c mua quan b\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00ec l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i quy\u1ec1n thu c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt. \u201cThu\u1ebf kho\u00e1 x\u1ee9 Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t phi\u1ec1n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean thu th\u00fac r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u… d\u00e2n c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5 g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i m\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i b\u1edbt x\u00e9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d \u2013 L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay d\u1eabn l\u1eddi \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 16, 17 T\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n, 20 x\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n khen Nguy\u1ec5n \u201cl\u1ea5y d\u00e2n tra x\u00e9t d\u00e2n.\u201d K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nam K\u00ec, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1eabn cho th\u1ea5y v\u1eeba r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1eeba ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n, m\u1ed7i th\u00f4n (l\u00e0ng x\u00e3) c\u1ee7a C\u00f9 lao Ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 37 h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 13 th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 481 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai qu\u1ea3n, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 quan\/d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/10!<\/p>\n

Thu ho\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u00e2n, nu\u00f4i l\u00ednh, nu\u00f4i quan nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c r\u1eebng n\u00fai l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed3n-\u0111\u1ed3ng-bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i l\u1ef1c mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cao nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 s\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng… V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i cao m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n d\u00f9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An t\u1eebng than l\u00faa th\u00f3c tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u201cm\u1eaft ng\u1ed7ng\u201d \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng! \u0110\u00e0ng Trong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh n\u00ean v\u1eabn r\u00e1ng \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n (1736), m\u00e0 cho ra lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1edbt hao h\u1ee5t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u! Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fa nh\u1eadn trong th\u01b0 n\u0103m 1688 c\u1ee7a \u201cAn Nam Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d g\u1eedi cho \u0110\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ch\u00faa Ngh\u0129a bi\u1ebft Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ra ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecbu chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed1i l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 H\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng K\u00ec b\u00e1n \u0111i, n\u00ean th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Nh\u1eadt \u201cch\u1ebf th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7.\u201d C\u00f4ng ti VOC c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan tuy \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang b\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n (1725), c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201c\u0111\u00f3i ti\u1ec1n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n k\u1ebdm (1746), c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb l\u1edbn su\u00fdt l\u00e0m ti\u00eau tan s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00e2n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 h\u1edf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00ean r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh khai th\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u0169 y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n l\u1edbn. Ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n xo\u00e1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh (1693) v\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m khi\u1ebfn cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u lay l\u1eaft n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u0169 (1594) m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 n\u0103m 1695 T. Bowyear c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ef1 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tham gia c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n ph\u1ea3i k\u00e8n c\u1ef1a gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Kh\u00e1ch bu\u00f4n L\u00ed V\u0103n Quang t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u1ed1 (ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3n Ph\u1ed1 th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n) \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u01b0u \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap dinh Tr\u1ea5n bi\u00ean (1747). Tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u01b0u l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 (1768), d\u00e2y d\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam. Tr\u1ea7n Li\u00ean, quan Xi\u00eam m\u00e0 r\u00f5 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c Thanh., \u0111\u00e3 thay m\u1eb7t Xi\u00eam cai tr\u1ecb, t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n (1773). V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y d\u00e2n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi Trung ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u1eadp \u0110\u00ecnh v\u1eafn s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n L\u00ed T\u00e0i h\u01a1i b\u1ec1n dai h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi g\u00e2y ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1695 ng\u01b0\u1edd\u00ec l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n t\u00ean Linh, x\u01b0ng Linh V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Quy Ninh (Quy Nh\u01a1n) \u201cra v\u00e0o n\u00fai r\u1eebng\u201d h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp T\u00e2y S\u01a1n g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau, l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e1m \u201cgi\u1eb7c\u201d l\u00e0m \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p b\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n ri\u00eang ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbp nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi: L\u00eda (m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh?), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch, c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u:<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u \u00e9n li\u1ec7ng Tru\u00f4ng M\u00e2y,
<\/i>C\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fa L\u00eda b\u1ecb v\u00e2y trong th\u00e0nh.<\/i><\/p>\n

th\u1ebf m\u00e0 V\u00e8 ch\u00e0ng L\u00eda <\/i>l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Th\u01a1 V\u0103n Doan <\/i>\u0111\u1ebfn <\/i>t\u1eadn x\u1ee9 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh <\/i>xa l\u1ea1, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u1ea3 qua th\u1eddi h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111ang th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi len l\u00e9n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\n

Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00c2U THU\u1eaaN CH\u0102M \u2013 B\u00c0 NI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Champa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i sau khi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u00ec H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o tuy \u0111\u1ebfn sau, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e0m, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Ch\u00e0m, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t h\u01a1n khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2u xa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y Ch\u00e0m ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, mang gi\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c m\u1eddi m\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng…<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft bia \u0111\u00e1, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft cho th\u1ea5y H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda nam, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI cho n\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Java v\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Champa. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Po Rome, cho r\u1eb1ng \u00edt ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o \u2013 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, do ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng vua n\u00e0y mang t\u1eeb Kelantan (M\u00e3 Lai) v\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t l\u1eddi v\u0103n \u1edf Chi\u1ebfu B\u00ecnh Chi\u00eam n\u0103m 1470 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n (kho\u1ea3ng 1449-1471) \u0111\u00e3 cho thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadt t\u1ee5c H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5m n\u1ea5u (u\u1ed1ng) r\u01b0\u1ee3u, c\u1ea5m gi\u1ebft (\u0103n th\u1ecbt) heo tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n n\u01a1i \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi H\u1ecbch kia k\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y danh ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ebf B\u1ed3ng Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng theo H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y th\u00e1p, d\u1ef1ng bia k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m theo nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea4n c\u0169. N\u0103m 1607, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c H\u00e0 Lan gh\u00e9 c\u1ea3ng Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh mua th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch nghi l\u1ec5, l\u00e0 d\u00e2n H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh hai t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n mang hai t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp cao \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u0103m B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Cam Jat (Ch\u0103m thu\u1ea7n, g\u1ed1c), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn theo t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Cam Cuh ( Ch\u0103m thi\u00eau), hay gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Cam\/Ch\u0103m khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kia: Ch\u0103m B\u00e0 ni \/ Cam Bini, v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u201ccon trai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Ti\u00ean tri.\u201d (Tuy nhi\u00ean Dohamide gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch B\u00e0 ni ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o\u201d.) B\u00e0 ni c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft d\u00f2ng Shiite v\u00ec trong l\u1ec5 c\u01b0\u1edbi B\u00e0 ni, ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai Po Aly \u2013 Ali l\u00e0 r\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Mahomed, ch\u1ee7 ph\u00e1i Shiite. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00f3m H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Sunni. B\u00e0 ni l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em Islam ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t quy lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o, th\u1edd k\u00ednh th\u1ea7n linh l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1i Cam. Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201cCam, Bini kh\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc,\u201d g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1i Cam l\u00e0 Cam Kaphir (v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o.) S\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch v\u1edf ng\u00e0y nay qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Ch\u00e0m \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. <\/p>\n

Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang b\u00e0n l\u00e0 akayat (s\u1eed thi \/ tr\u00e1ng ca) Um M\u01b0rup,<\/i> trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Ch\u0103m Um M\u01b0rup \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c theo H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o, quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng vua cha, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u201ct\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3\u201d n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t Ch\u00e0m. C\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh d\u00e0i (ariya) k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ariya Bini-Cam<\/i> (kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII) k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Ch\u0103m m\u00ea c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Islam, say \u0111\u1eafm \u0111i t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c huy ho\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a n\u1eefa. Chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vang v\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Po Rome \u0111i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Islam v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i M\u01b0kah\/Mecca, \u201cN\u00e0ng mang chi chi\u1ebfn tranh, Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng anh tan t\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n \u0111en kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

Ariya Cam-Bini<\/i> (kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX) c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f4i trai g\u00e1i y\u00eau nhau, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau, c\u00f4 g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eabu h\u1ec7, c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1i n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00fat quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o, t\u00e9 ra c\u0169ng v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c (\u201cPh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 gi\u1eef nh\u00e0,\u201d) c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc cung ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chinh chi\u1ebfn, to r\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 khi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 rong ch\u01a1i! Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e1 trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1edf ariya Xak Pakei<\/i> (c\u0169ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII) k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn Ch\u0103m\/B\u00e0ni trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, qua th\u01a1 v\u0103n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Ngo\u1ea1 Tri\u1ec1u trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 xa. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y Ngo\u1ea1 Tri\u1ec1u, \u00f4ng vua Ch\u00e0m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 (n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n d\u00f2ng qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 Ch\u00e0m) r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0103n th\u1ecbt gi\u00f4ng, theo nh\u01b0 ta suy \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb To\u00e0n th\u01b0<\/i>. \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 con gi\u00f4ng, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u201cca dao\u201d Ch\u0103m, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn Ch\u0103m\/B\u00e0-ni:<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m \u0111\u00e0o gi\u00f4ng mi\u1ec7ng c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00ec,
<\/i>Gi\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111i Ch\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5m ng\u1ef1c.
<\/i>Ch\u0103m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0o trong c\u0103m t\u1ee9c,
<\/i>\u00d4i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t! T\u1ed9i l\u1eafm th\u00e2n con!<\/i><\/p>\n

Inrasara gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u01a1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103m B\u00e0 ni v\u1ec1 con gi\u00f4ng, theo \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201ccon v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d (1992) \/ l\u00e0 \u201ccon b\u00f2 s\u00e1t x\u1ea5u xa\u201d (2006). Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb tr\u00ean th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 ni \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103m, c\u00f2n l\u00ed do xung \u0111\u1ed9t cho l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng kia th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n minh \u0111\u1ebfn sau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\n

Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 2<\/strong><\/p>\n

NG\u01af\u1edcI TR\u00caN \u0110\u1ea4T GIA \u0110\u1ecaNH, NH\u01af D\u1ea4U V\u1ebeT CH\u01afA \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C QUAN T\u00c2M \u0110\u00daNG M\u1ee8C<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, khi mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee5c t\u00ecm trong Ph\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c,<\/i> nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed <\/i>c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00ec L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i \u1edf Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n nghe ng\u00f3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5m k\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecdng qu\u00e2n binh Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111i theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t di d\u00e2n tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u2013 v\u00e0 h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc qua loa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m Minh d\u00e2n l\u01b0u vong m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. B\u1ee9c tranh th\u00f4 gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c \u0111i n\u1ebfu ta ch\u0103m ch\u00fat th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng quan tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, g\u1ed1c Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u201d nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh\u201d theo Tr\u1ecbnh cho th\u1ea5y, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i: H\u00e1n nh\u00e2n \u201cl\u01b0u d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta,\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3: Ph\u00fa L\u00e3ng Sa, H\u1ed3ng Mao, M\u00e3 Cao (B\u1ed3?); ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed3 B\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ea1o B\u00e1i Nh\u1eadt \u2013 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd r\u1ea1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ef3 l\u1ea1y h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Mecca. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec1u ng\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o chung l\u1ed9n m\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c, kh\u00ed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u theo qu\u1ed1c ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII, XVIII \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfng giang h\u1ed3 \u2013 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng N\u1eb7c N\u1ecdn ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Vu\u01a1ng \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m theo danh x\u01b0ng c\u0169 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Ch\u1ee3 Qu\u00e1n (Qu\u1eadn 5, TP. HCM), n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u1edf g\u1ea7n b\u00ean, v\u00f9ng b\u1ebfn B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d ti\u1ebfng Mi\u00ean l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, r\u00f5 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean Tr\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ta… theo t\u1ee5c c\u0169 Giao Ch\u1ec9\u201d, ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3 theo tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch 1744 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 \u0111i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t, \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n,\u201d \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1eb7c v\u00e1y, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u1ed1, tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ecdc Tr\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao v\u00f9ng Nam B\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng b\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 4, m\u1ed3ng 5 T\u1ebft: D\u00e2n ch\u00fang ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng b\u00e0 sau ng\u00e0y quan l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 (m\u1ed3ng 3) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u1edf c\u00f5i u minh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111i khu\u00e2n v\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e0 quan! L\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c S\u1eafc b\u00f9a \/ \u201dn\u1eadu s\u1eafc b\u00f9a\u201d trong l\u1ec5 T\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111em t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng M\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111i v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 theo c\u00e1c ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n: Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh, Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, Ng\u00e3i B\u00ecnh, B\u1ebfn Tre… Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ec5 T\u1ebft b\u00e0y m\u00e2m ng\u0169 qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e2y m\u00eda \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 g\u1ed1c ng\u1ecdn, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng \u0111i… Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nay th\u1ea5y tr\u00f2 thi \u0111ua \u0103n hot dog tr\u00ean tivi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi nghe k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1 u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 Hu\u1ebf t\u1eebng b\u00e1t l\u1edbn, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed5 ra nh\u01b0 t\u1eafm, hay \u0103n m\u1eafm m\u1eb7n ch\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0103n \u201ch\u1ebft 2 \u1ed1ng m\u1eafm, \u0111\u1ed9 20 c\u00e2n .\u201d Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb n\u00e0o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh, sung t\u00fac. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n trong sinh ho\u1ea1t khi\u1ebfn ta ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng mang t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xa r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ee5c m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ef1 chia x\u1ebb t\u1ed5n ph\u00ed nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia m\u1eddi l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ec5, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn. C\u1ee9 qua l\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n \u201cphi\u00ean l\u1ec5\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 100 quan ti\u1ec1n, \u201cc\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3..,\u201d c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ec5 li\u1ec1n b\u1ecb \u201cch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u00e0 h\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi, l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u01b0a ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u1eeda quan! T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n lan truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u00e9o m\u00f3 theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea5t xa c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng t\u1ee5c Phi\u00ean l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ea5t l\u1ec5 t\u1ee5c potlatch c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \/ Nam K\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tin t\u01b0\u1edfng cargocult c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o ngo\u00e0i xa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, gi\u1edf l\u1ea1i Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed,<\/i> \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m ch\u00fa c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 do th\u00f3i quen, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn d\u1eaft d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c… M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, th\u00e1ng 10 (1558), ch\u00faa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o tr\u1ea5n Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1… Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 kh\u00fac \u1edf T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129a d\u0169ng x\u1ee9 Thanh Ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u vui l\u00f2ng theo \u0111i…\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau, ngay t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n ta v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf c\u1edd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-4361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4361"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4361\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71662,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4361\/revisions\/71662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}