3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hay l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft robot<\/i>?<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u1ea7m \u0129 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ham l\u1ea1m b\u00e0n (l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 sang c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh m\u00f9 t\u1ecbt!) Ham, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1eady c\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Muse – N\u1eef th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 v\u0103n, \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o. V\u00f4 kh\u1ed1i v\u0103n t\u00e0i thi b\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y kim c\u1ed5 c\u00f2n \u1ee9 th\u00e8m bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. C\u1ea9m nang d\u01b0\u1edbi tay c\u00e1c ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn ba \u0111i\u1ec1u: m\u1ed9t, vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft[1]<\/a>; hai, vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft hay; ba, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hai. \u1ede ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 ngay hai ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i: Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh[2]<\/a>, th\u01a1 v\u00e0 T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i, v\u0103n. C\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n ra trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t hay m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i, m\u00f4n ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o s\u1ea5t, song h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129, v\u00f5 s\u0129 t\u00e0i ba \u0111\u1ec1u am hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i, m\u00f4n ph\u00e1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n B\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec t\u1eeba t\u1ef1a. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a song nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. L\u00e0 \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u1ebft, xem ti\u1ebfp Ph\u1ea7n 5).<\/p>\n \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng m\u00e1cx\u00edt – l\u00eaninn\u00edt do L\u00eanin l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra, \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga – X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn trong M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>.<\/p>\n T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang c\u00f3, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean (c\u1ed5 t\u00edch h\u00f3a, thi ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n), c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n s\u01a1 qua d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u00e1ch-t\u1ed5-ch\u1ee9c ra m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh. R\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng (t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao, d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn khen hay, s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y, n\u1ed1i b\u1ea3n r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n, d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh phim, chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, v.v\u2026), n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, th\u00ec l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft. Ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng ai. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft. K\u1ec3 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201cth\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n\u201d, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 g\u00ec, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/i> – \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y xin \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a – ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1edf kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i; trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/i> nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. <\/p>\n C\u1ed5 t\u00edch, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, giai tho\u1ea1i, ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n, ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m, r\u1ed3i th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt, ballad, l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t, v.v\u2026 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u1edf t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t l\u00fac n\u00e0y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt Chi\u00eau v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Long c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u chung m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc – v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. <\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean khi tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u truy\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee5t bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb l\u00e2u trong l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn quen d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u00f4 t\u00edp (motif) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m n\u00ean c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung. Nay b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00f4 t\u00edp h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/i> – c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean b\u1ed9 khung, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u00f4m \u1ea5p t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.[5]<\/a> Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9 chi\u201d r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i th\u1eeba thi\u1ebfu lung tung. \u1ede kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eb3ng ra \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u\u201d, \u201ct\u1ee9 chi\u201d th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng… Ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u00e2n gian, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u00edp h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.<\/i><\/p>\n D\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y ba s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c theo Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c: a. \u0110\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u (d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 t\u00e1i s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c); b. Gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u (d\u1ec5 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c); c. Ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n v\u0103n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (d\u1ec5 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t v\u0103n s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 L\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. \u201cH\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u1ee5\u201d d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t. Kh\u00f4ng cao tay s\u1ebd l\u00f4i d\u00e0i s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea3n, co ng\u1eafn s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u00edp h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o[6]<\/a> truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra sao?<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i truy\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u1ed5 t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung th\u00e0nh \u201cb\u1ed5n c\u0169 so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i\u201d (nh\u01b0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 t\u00edch t\u00e2n th\u1eddi kh\u00e1c), h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n trong M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i> th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n a. Ch\u1ecdn t\u00ean truy\u1ec7n tr\u00fang n\u1ed9i dung, kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3ng gi\u00f3, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. (D\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ra ch\u1ec9 qua M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c).<\/p>\n b. M\u1edf truy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ecba danh, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m hot <\/i>trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (B\u0103ng nh\u00e2n<\/i>; Ngh\u00eau, S\u00f2, \u1ed0c, H\u1ebfn<\/i>).<\/p>\n c. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u1eb3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh (theo ki\u1ec3u truy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e8m v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u khi r\u1ea5t xa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba d\u1eabn d\u1ee5. (Ba l\u1ea7n tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec3m, C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu L\u00ea<\/i>).<\/i><\/p>\n d. K\u1ec3, thu\u1eadt theo c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n, d\u00e0n \u00fd r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch, l\u1edbp lang theo t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft, di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. <\/p>\n e. H\u00e0nh v\u0103n g\u00e3y g\u1ecdn, t\u1ef1 tin nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i \u201ct\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft tu\u1ed1t\u201d b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m v\u1ebb t\u1ebfu h\u00e0i, d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef, th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n g. Xung \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng theo t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd mang t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i \u0111en trong m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng con<\/i> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/i>h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>.[7]<\/a> <\/i>Ch\u1ea5t h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n sinh ra t\u1eeb h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u chi ti\u1ebft <\/i>(k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n <\/i>(ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt). <\/i><\/p>\n h. <\/i>T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft c\u1ee1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tu\u1ed3ng (\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u, khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng), m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1), v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u201ctr\u1eef t\u00ecnh\u201d.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n i. K\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u01b0ng phi logic so v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn truy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t hay c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, \u201cv\u1edbi th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ngang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7!\u201d <\/i>(\u0110\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng 100<\/i>).<\/p>\n Th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 cho \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh trong khi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i. \u201cHay \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7-ph\u00e1p-gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c-d\u1ee5ng-ng\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m?\u201d[9]<\/a><\/p>\n 4. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc\u2026 \u201cBi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, kh\u1ed5 l\u1eafm, n\u00f3i m\u00e3i\u2026\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n – A: M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1eebng lan truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 – \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta: \u201c\u1ede m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u2018Bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?\u2019 N\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n, cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp coi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.\u201d <\/p>\n – B: Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n Ph\u1ea7n 4 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y b\u1ecf qua v\u00e0 m\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng \u201ccu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp\u201d cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, Ph\u1ea7n 5. C\u00f2n v\u1ecb n\u00e0o b\u0103n kho\u0103n: th\u1ef1c ra v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1ec9, c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb\/\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e9 ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9; ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i tr\u1eafng ph\u1edb nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0i Lam, \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1edf ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n \u1edf n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (function)\u201d[10]<\/a>; ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc c\u1edd ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e2n – thi\u1ec7n – m\u1ef9\u2026 th\u00ec Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u0169ng n\u00ean ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u00f3 v\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady…<\/p>\n – C: C\u00f3 nh\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ebf! \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i thi h\u00e0o Nga Pushkin c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eb3ng t\u01b0ng m\u00e0 t\u1ebfu r\u1eb1ng, \u201cTruy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch l\u00e0 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c cu c\u1eadu h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m\u201d. Ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 g\u00ec!<\/p>\n – D: T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng, khi b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ta hay \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb-quy\u1ec1n-l\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u201cvi\u1ec7c l\u00e0ng\u201d sao \u0111\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i khi cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, l\u00ednh l\u1ec7, th\u1eb1ng m\u00f5\u2026 Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i t\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng cao c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n; C\u00e2u th\u01a1 mang s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng; K\u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u1eaby g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n gian ra qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026<\/p>\n – E: C\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u201ccu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u2018V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u2019 do H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i TP. HCM trong hai ng\u00e0y, 3 v\u00e0 4\/10\/2015. (\u2026) V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1c l\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t c\u0169, nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ra sao, c\u1ea7n hh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o… Nghe c\u1ee9 \u00f9 h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 tai.\u201d[11]<\/a><\/p>\n – G: Th\u00ec v\u1eabn\u2026 N\u00f3i theo anh Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Nam h\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ed: Ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 khung c\u1ee7a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4i \u1ea1. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n m\u1ed9t t\u00ed n\u00e0o khi n\u00f3i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u1ea1.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n – C: C\u00f3 nh\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ebf! T\u00ed g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u00edt v\u1eady. C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, anh Nam \u00e1 d\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 anh \u1ea5y c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o: \u201cS\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u0103m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c) th\u00ec t\u1ea5t h\u1ecfng. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kia.\u201d, trong khi anh Ph\u00fac, V\u0169 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u00fac \u00ed, th\u00ec: \u201cNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 Septulin, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea3ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c.\u201d[13]<\/a><\/p>\n – B: Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, minh tri\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh – hai s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ed5 t\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c th\u00fa v\u1eadt m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh sau nh\u1eefng c\u00fa nh\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n – C: C\u00f3 nh\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ebf! C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ee9 hai nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c trang v\u0103n \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch. C\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ecdc xong th\u1ea5y \u201cmua vui c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i\u201d\u2026 ch\u1ee5c ph\u00fat! To\u00e0n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n 3T ti\u1ec1n-t\u00ecnh-t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u1ea3 m\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u0169ng ch\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n – E: C\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i. Tr\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n th\u00edch th\u00fa khi \u0111\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra l\u1eafm khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, <\/i>thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian qua mau h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap ta t\u1ea1m qu\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ta nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (\u2026). Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i. <\/i>Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 v\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t cho hai lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. <\/i>Ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 hai ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf hai c\u1ef1c r\u1ecdi v\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf gi\u1eefa.\u201d[14]<\/a><\/p>\n – H: T\u1ef1u trung, \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u201ch\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201ch\u1eadu h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eadu\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111ang l\u00e0, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ta v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9 khung ba, hay b\u1ed1n, n\u0103m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, t\u00f9y nghi. Ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u1eeb, v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng t\u00f9y nghi: Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9; Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9; Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c; Th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; Th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ebf th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7! C\u00e1ch t\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hay h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p quan h\u1ec7 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng – s\u1ed1ng h\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh – m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u1edbn vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft – ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u1ebft kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n – G: Th\u00ec v\u1eabn\u2026 Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u00ed g\u00ec v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ed g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n.<\/p>\n – E: C\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong ngay t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi 1987 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi\u00eau tuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed Tr\u1eafc (\u201cCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.\u201d), Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ef1u (\u201cV\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng th\u01a1 ch\u1eefa th\u1eb9n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1. N\u00f3i ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.\u201d), Ho\u00e0i Lam (\u201cGi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng; l\u00e2u nay ta coi nh\u1eb9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, trong khi ta thi\u00ean h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.\u201d [15]<\/a>, v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Nam nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n – C: C\u00f3 nh\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ebf! C\u00f2n n\u1eefa\u2026 Johan Huizinga, s\u1eed gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb sinh ra ng\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eebng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef: \u201cTr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d, n\u00ean \u201cn\u1ebfu tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu th\u01a1 ca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i th\u00ec ngay n\u01a1i th\u01a1 ca t\u1ef1 thu\u1edf xa x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb.\u201d[16]<\/a> Ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u00d4 k\u00ea kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n – G: Th\u00ec v\u1eabn\u2026 \u0110\u00e2y, l\u01a1\u0300i thi s\u0129 ki\u00eam ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh gia Paul Val\u00e9ry, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng Ph\u00e1p: \u201c\u0110\u1ebfn v\u1edbi thi ca kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i h\u00e8 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7!\u201d[17]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea5y, \u201cl\u1ea1c th\u00fa t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, h\u1ed9i h\u00e8\u201d\u2026 Ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u00d4 k\u00ea \u0111i!<\/p>\n – B: \u00d4 t\u00f4 k\u00ea! \u00d4 t\u00f4 k\u00ea! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, trong truy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea1ch t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd d\u00e2n gian c\u00f9ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n gian h\u00f3a. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nhu\u1ea7n nh\u1ecb ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec7n Thi\u1ec7p – n\u01a1i \u201cc\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y\u201d.[18]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2026<\/p>\n – G: Th\u00ec v\u1eabn\u2026 D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng t\u00ed n\u00e0y. \u201cAi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd b\u1ed1 ch\u1ebft gi\u01a1 tay, t\u00f4i bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft nh\u00e9.\u201d (Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vua<\/i>); \u201cS\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n\u201d (Ki\u1ebfm s\u1eafc<\/i>). V\u00e0, \u201cCh\u1ed3ng em m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh em ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00fa v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 em c\u1eaft d\u00e1i!\u201d (Ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng<\/i>); \u201cH\u00e3y c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp! Ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho t\u1ed1t!\u201d (\u00d4 \u0110\u1ed1ng M\u00e1c<\/i>).<\/p>\n – D: T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u1eadt t\u00e2m, trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng – n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng – ch\u01b0a b\u00e0n hay d\u1edf th\u00ec Th\u1ea1ch tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Thi\u1ec7p tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Ti\u1ec7n th\u1ec3, th\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec7p n\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n – H: Voil\u00e0<\/i>! T\u1ef1u trung, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t nay \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac t\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb ba l\u00ean n\u0103m r\u1ed3i!<\/p>\n – G: Th\u00ec v\u1eabn\u2026 Ngay n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Ban V\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng do ch\u00ednh b\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea5y \u1ea1, ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, anh Ho\u00e0i Lam c\u00f2n \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm: \u201cN\u00f3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc marxist \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau t\u1edbi 24 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt)\u201d[19]<\/a> c\u01a1 m\u00e0!<\/p>\n – E: C\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong: truy\u1ec7n Thi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng? Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng! Kho\u00e1i th\u00ec qu\u00e1 kho\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng m\u1ec7t qu\u00e1, v\u00ec \u0111au qu\u00e1. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh \u1ea5y!<\/p>\n – G: Th\u00ec v\u1eabn\u2026 C\u1eadu t\u00ed tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i th\u1ea1o \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u201d n\u1eefa. Sao b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi n\u00f3i ra?! \u1eea, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed g\u00ec, c\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, gi\u1ea3i thi\u00eang, gi\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. A, gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 t\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00f4i. Trong khi truy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed th\u00f4i. \u00c0 gi\u1ea3i\u2026 d\u1ee5c n\u1eefa. Hi hi, xin l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f9a t\u00ed. <\/p>\n – D: T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u1eadt t\u00ecnh, h\u00f4m nay m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e1i t\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb r\u1ed3i \u1ea1![20]<\/a><\/p>\n – H: T\u1ef1u trung, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u1edbi l\u00fac ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201cxoay tr\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u \u00c1\u201d, \u1ed3 n\u00f3i nh\u1ecbu, \u201cxoay tr\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed\u201d. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c p\u1ed1t tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, ng\u1eafn th\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0 h\u01a1n 3.800 t\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t khi ta c\u1ea7n chi\u00eau tuy\u1ebft cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eeba bao tr\u00f9m v\u1eeba lu\u1ed3n l\u00e1ch n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1eddi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c xuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ta s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t[21]<\/a>) v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n 12 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o s\u1ea9m t\u1ed1i h\u00f4m qua ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2015 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Atlanta c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 sau 5 n\u0103m s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i m\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 h\u1ebft c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n – G: Th\u00ec v\u1eabn\u2026 S\u00e1ng nay ch\u1ed3ng em c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y b\u00e1o gi\u1ea5y Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb trong S\u00e0i G\u00f2n gi\u1eadt lu\u00f4n t\u00edt \u201cK\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n TPP, Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i m\u1edbi\u201d.[22]<\/a> Ch\u01a1i! Ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i\u2026 r\u00fat \u00e0?<\/p>\n – C: C\u00f3 nh\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ebf! \u201cPh\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh v\u1edbi TPP\u201d[23]<\/a>– ch\u00ednh Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Kh\u00e1nh, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n TPP b\u1ea3o v\u1eady khi ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n m\u00e0 b\u00e1o m\u1ea1ng Thanh Ni\u00ean ngo\u00e0i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111ang gi\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u giao di\u1ec7n. <\/p>\n – E: C\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u (m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc nghe phong thanh c\u00e1c b\u00e1c b\u00ean Khoa V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c l\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng V\u0103n h\u00f3a – Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt) c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn quanh b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3. N\u00e0o, c\u00f9ng Ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 – Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 L\u00fd Ho\u00e0i Thu \u201cNh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\u201d<\/i>[24]<\/a> qua m\u1ea1ng T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o anh; \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf \u1ea1, ng\u1eafn, 3.815 t\u1eeb, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng. \u00d4 k\u00ea?<\/p>\n – B: \u00d4 t\u00f4 k\u00ea! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u1ede th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o v\u1eeba khung l\u00fd lu\u1eadn L\u00fd Ho\u00e0i Thu: t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng? <\/p>\n – A: Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc\u2026 \u201cBi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, kh\u1ed5 l\u1eafm, n\u00f3i m\u00e3i\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n 5. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u1ebft: truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn cho ra truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn<\/b><\/p>\n S\u1eafc hay c\u00f9n, dao n\u00e0o g\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u00f4i! M\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng lu\u00f4n b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn – \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i<\/a><\/i> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed \u201cg\u1ecdt\u201d truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Ph\u1ea7n 1, Ch\u00fa th\u00edch 24.<\/p>\n K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y. (Ch\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ch, th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y n\u1ea5u \u0103n!) L\u1ea1, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 t\u1ec9 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u01a1, vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, so\u1ea1n k\u1ecbch. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u sao? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, d\u1ea7u g\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1edbc. Khu\u00f4n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (s\u1ebd b\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea7m 4.000 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trang b\u00e1o hay n\u0103m trang s\u00e1ch, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u00e9n; \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u-m\u00ecnh-t\u1ee9 chi; d\u1ec5 theo nhu c\u1ea7u b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u00e0\u2026 nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edd \u1ea3o nh\u01b0 th\u01a1, ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng t\u00f9 m\u00f9 nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, lan man gi\u1eadt c\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 k\u1ecbch? Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2u d\u00e1m cao gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1edbp b\u00e0y v\u1ebd cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00e1c m\u1eb9o lu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn cho ra truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn!<\/p>\n Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ta vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb truy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u, r\u1ed3i truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn Ph\u00e1p\u2026 Sau 1954, t\u1eeb ng\u1ea3 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cg\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u tay\u201d cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn trong Nam l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 t\u1edbi nay \u0111ang l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 l\u01b0u. <\/p>\n Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y, \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cto\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a\u201d th\u00ec \u201cch\u00e0ng trai\u201d truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ngang ng\u1eeda \u201c\u00f4ng l\u00e3o\u201d ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ba m\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i; c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1eabn phong tr\u00e0o s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c.[25]<\/a> Hay d\u1edf ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. <\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do. \u201cH\u1ecdc th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0y h\u1ecdc b\u1ea1n\u2026 G\u00fac g\u1ed3!\u201d, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y v\u00e0 r\u1ed7i r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c tay b\u00fat truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp d\u1ea1y vi\u1ebft v\u0103n \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p (qua th\u00f4ng tin mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 – quan tr\u1ecdng – nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, b\u1ed5 \u00edch cho gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1ea1y vi\u1ebft v\u0103n[26]<\/a> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: 1. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i; 2. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng; 3. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt; 4. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft; 5. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u[27]<\/a>. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n, xung \u0111\u1ed9t, \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (kh\u00f4ng gian – th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt), h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia gi\u1ea3m t\u00f9y b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch. <\/p>\n (Quy \u01b0\u1edbc trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y: c\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb b\u00e0i Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn – \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in nghi\u00eang trong ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p; N\u00f3i th\u00eam: b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n\u2026 T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i non tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.)<\/p>\n – \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hay, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i. Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng -\u2018t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t\u2019\u201d;<\/i><\/p>\n \u201cT\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n + <\/i>Hai c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng thi ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn. B\u1eedu b\u1ed1i cho m\u1ecdi c\u00e2y vi\u1ebft! Ph\u1ee5 h\u1ecda: \u201ct\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i\u201d<\/i> c\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean; \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t\u201d, <\/i>\u201cnh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u201d<\/i> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft. Minh h\u1ecda: Truy\u1ec7n C\u00e1i k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ecf<\/i> c\u1ee7a Abe Kobo – t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201cc\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\u201d[28]<\/a><\/p>\n – \u201cTruy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc li\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n + Nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec7n trong M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p gu. (nh\u01b0: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu L\u00ea, \u0110\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng 100<\/i>).<\/i><\/p>\n – \u201cKh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trong quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n sinh hay \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n + <\/i>Kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4i ba truy\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3i k\u00fd, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ch\u01b0a \u201ckh\u1eafc h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u201d. <\/i>Do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb c\u00e2u th\u00fac b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u0103ng? (M\u1eb9 t\u00f4i ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1<\/i>).<\/p>\n – \u201c\u2026t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb M\u1ef9.<\/i>\u201d<\/p>\n +<\/i> C\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn M\u1ef9, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i. L\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. <\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n – \u201cY\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f4 \u0111\u00fac, c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh v\u0103n mang nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea9n \u00fd, t\u1ea1o cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i h\u1ebft.\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n + Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee5, h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u quanh \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c\u201d, thi\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cc\u00f4 \u0111\u00fac<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n – \u201cNh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u01a1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng r\u1eb1ng, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u01a1. (\u2026) c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a Th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh s\u00e2u l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n + Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ra ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1 trong truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5\u2026; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft theo l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1! (Xem th\u00eam Ch\u00fa th\u00edch 31). Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u1edf Ph\u1ea7n 2, <\/i>c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>, v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng mang n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u201cm\u00e1u l\u1ea1nh\u201d l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vang danh v\u0103n t\u00e0i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Anh Somerset Maugham l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1edbn. \u201cM\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ngang h\u00e0ng. Maugham t\u1ef1 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu \u2018ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh\u2019, v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u00edt v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5….\u201d[29]<\/a><\/p>\n V\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u00edt truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hay theo l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u201cqu\u1eady\u201d nh\u1ea5t – ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1ch (n\u1ed9i dung) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch (h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c)[30]<\/a> \u2013 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1 \u1edf ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i th\u01a1 h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u201cl\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh s\u00e2u l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng\u201d. <\/i>Tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u –<\/i> n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i thao t\u00e1c h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n – \u201cTruy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn n\u00e0o \u00edt t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u00f2 \u00e9p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u2018c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng\u2019 c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1,<\/i> \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u2018b\u00e1m s\u00e1t\u2019\u201d. <\/i><\/p>\n + L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 do, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d t\u1eeb t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0o, song c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o fan<\/i>, ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n \u201cch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn\u201d theo ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n – \u201cC\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. Song, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 \u2018s\u00e1t s\u1ea1t\u2019, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u2018chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y\u2019 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n + A, \u201cnh\u00e0 em\u201d bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ai r\u1ed3i \u1ea1. He he\u2026<\/p>\n – \u201cY\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 (\u2026) c\u00e1i l\u1edbn lao th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1i c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft: n\u00f3 h\u00f2a v\u00e0o nhau v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc – \u0111\u1ecdc li\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch<\/i>.\u201d<\/p>\n + \u00d4i, \u0111\u00fang qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 hay qu\u00e1! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f3 qu\u00e1! Bi\u1ebft v\u1eady \u201cnh\u00e0 em\u201d s\u1ebd c\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u00ec nh\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u00f4i. Cho kho\u00e1i, kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec, kh\u1ed5 th\u00e2n. Kinh! \u0110\u1ec3 \u201cx\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i<\/i>\u201d ch\u00fang n\u00f3, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ch\u00fang \u201cn\u00f3 h\u00f2a<\/i> v\u00e0o nhau<\/i>\u201d – 6 c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc \u201ckh\u1ee7ng\u201d \u1ea5y – \u1eaft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y 12 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m n\u00ean truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y V\u0103n Gi\u00e1. Nh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n – \u201cTchekhov n\u00f3i: \u2018\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn t\u1ed1t, trong truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba, c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean boong t\u00e0u qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba\u2026.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n + C\u00f2n Maugham th\u00ec b\u1ea3o: \u201cTruy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i sao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fat g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra ch\u00fat g\u00ec.\u201d (Ngang ng\u1eeda v\u1edbi th\u01a1 r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n g\u00ec!) Hai c\u1ee5 t\u1ed5 n\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang tr\u1edf l\u00ean. D\u01b0ng m\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4i. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 lung tung beng \u201cgi\u00f3 theo l\u1ed1i gi\u00f3, m\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e2y\u201d[31]<\/a>. V\u00f4 kh\u1ed1i truy\u1ec7n trong M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u <\/i>l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m \u201cm\u00e2y\u201d chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee5, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee9 bay ra ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1n \u201cgi\u00f3\u201d c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ra nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u00fam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd truy\u1ec7n. (\u00d4 Ch\u1ee3 D\u1eeba,<\/i> B\u0103ng nh\u00e2n).<\/i><\/p>\n <\/b><\/p>\n – \u201cTi\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hay truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u1ee9 tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 qu\u0103ng h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c tr\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn th\u00ec g\u00e2y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00fat, m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac m\u1eafc c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. C\u00e1i n\u00fat \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1eaft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1edfi tung ra, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ea3 h\u00ea, h\u1ebft b\u0103n kho\u0103n.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n + X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>. K\u1ecbch t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u \u00e1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 l\u00f2ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. (\u0110\u01b0\u0301a be\u0301 t\u00e2\u0323t nguy\u00ea\u0300n va\u0300 na\u0300ng ti\u00ean a\u0301o tr\u0103\u0301ng<\/i>, Chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o<\/i>).<\/p>\n – \u201c(\u2026) t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t (\u2026) Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n + Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1i b\u1ecb phong nhi\u00eau v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi tay b\u00fat \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u201cm\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u201cv\u1ec7 tinh\u201d. V\u00e0i truy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u201ctruy\u1ec7n trong truy\u1ec7n\u201d n\u1eefa c\u01a1.<\/p>\n – \u201cPhong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft. C\u00e1i t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ra, l\u00e0m c\u00f4 l\u1eadp n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u00e3y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft ch\u00fang, n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai, c\u00f2n truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung. Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ea5u. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 giao h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/i>. (..) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/i>\u201d<\/p>\n + M\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh 3\u0110: \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1ee7! Kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi mu\u1ed1n \u0111ong \u0111\u01b0a li\u1ebfc b\u00fat t\u1eeb truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn qua ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. T\u00e9 ra c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 \u1edf t\u1eebng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i: g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 nhanh, truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn d\u00f9ng v\u0103n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt (t\u1eadp trung t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft); d\u00f4ng d\u00e0i lang bang, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 (tri\u1ec3n khai t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft). N\u00f3i cho o\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00e1i-hi\u1ec7n-hi\u1ec7n-th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n – \u201cN\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n, nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n cho m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i…\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n +<\/i> V\u00e2ng, xin nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e2u ch\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>.<\/p>\n *<\/b><\/p>\n K\u1ebft<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc,<\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u00f9y lu\u1eadn[32]<\/a> v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 17.191 t\u1eeb (th\u00e2n b\u00e0i 12.047, ch\u00fa th\u00edch 5.144), tr\u00ean 27 trang vi t\u00ednh, theo 5 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u b\u00fat ph\u00e1p xen k\u1ebd – t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f3ng t\u00e1c, t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u1eeb b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f2m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb tr\u00edch d\u1eabn kh\u00f4 khan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, t\u1eeb d\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f9a th\u1eadt th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f9a[33]<\/a> – qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn \u0110\u1ed7 Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. <\/p>\n V\u0103n v\u1ebb c\u01a1 kh\u1ed5 v\u1eady sao? C\u00f3 th\u1ebf. Ch\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n th\u00ec \u0111i\u2026 b\u1ed5 c\u1ee7i cho r\u1ed3i![34]<\/a><\/p>\n Vancouver<\/i>, 14\/8 – 20\/10 (tu s\u1eeda 28\/12\/2015)<\/i><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed7 Quy\u00ean<\/b><\/p>\n Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/i><\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> C\u0169ng na n\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u201cS\u00e1ch, h\u1ec5 th\u00edch th\u00ec vi\u1ebft\u201d – c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1eabn v\u00e0o pho s\u00e1ch 7 t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn – V\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/i>, Nxb V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7, 1987-1999, California. (D\u1eabn t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea7n \u201cT\u1ed5ng quan – 1. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>\u201d, tienve.org<\/i> 1\/2005).<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> \u201cN\u00f3i v\u1ec1 thi ph\u00e1p Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng thi ph\u00e1p.\u201d (Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea; rfi.fr<\/i> 13\/12\/2008).<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eebng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, b\u1ed1n b\u1eadc thang th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t (ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\/khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng; thi ph\u00e1p\/c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n; b\u00fat ph\u00e1p\/\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi; phong c\u00e1ch\/th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p. (\u0110\u1ed7 Quy\u00ean; \u201cThi ph\u00e1p Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Thi\u1ec1u: Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng-th\u01a1-c\u1ea7n-gi\u1ea3i-th\u00edch-gi\u00e1-tr\u1ecb<\/a>\u201d<\/i>, Tham lu\u1eadn h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Thi\u1ec1u<\/i>, Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2012; Ph\u1ea7n \u201c\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Thi\u1ec1u\u201d<\/i>, nhavantphcm.com.vn<\/a><\/i> 24\/6\/2012).<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> M\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f9a m\u00e0 th\u1eadt: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m G\u201d v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng\/tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i\/ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a khi c\u00e1c N\u1eef th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n. M\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1edf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c N\u1eef th\u1ea7n Muse c\u0169ng\u2026 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m G! Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta v\u1eady. Hihi\u2026<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> V\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i dung – h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00f4 t\u00edp h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u00edp n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n l\u00ean nhau trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n [6] Nh\u1edb t\u00ean t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u201cCh\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u01a1 ca 99-04<\/i>\u201d c\u1ee7a Phan Nhi\u00ean H\u1ea1o, Nxb V\u0103n, San Jose, 2004.<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> V\u1eeba hay, t\u00e2n kh\u00f4i nguy\u00ean Nobel V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2015 – ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1ch Nga Svetlana Alexievich nh\u1eafc: \u201cDosto\u00efevski n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d (Theo \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 \u2018B\u00e1ch khoa v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft\u2019<\/i>\u201d; Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc d\u1ecbch, vanviet.info<\/i> 11\/10\/2015).<\/p>\n [8]<\/a> Ngo\u00e0i d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n s\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u to\u00e0n truy\u1ec7n, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3\u201d l\u00e0 B\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 m\u1edf Wikipedia. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra? Trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n) th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00eau r\u00f5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u00e1i nh\u1ea1i (li\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n) n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n [9]<\/a> Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thanh Xu\u00e2n (25 n\u0103m – m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft<\/i>, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2002; theo viet-studies.info<\/i> 7\/10\/2015) v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt Tu\u1ea5n – m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1eebng ghi \u0111\u1eadm \u1ea5n d\u1ea5u trong phong c\u00e1ch v\u0103n xu\u00f4i c\u00f9ng v\u0103n c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau 1975 (v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u1eddi khi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra).<\/p>\n [10]<\/a> L\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean \u00c2n; e-book<\/a> Trong tho\u00e1ng xu\u00e2n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/i><\/a> (th\u01b0 t\u1eeb, ghi ch\u00e9p, 1986-1991); theo K\u1ef3 19, vanviet.info<\/i> 7\/8\/2015.<\/p>\n [11]<\/a> V\u0103n C\u00f4ng H\u00f9ng; \u201cChuy\u1ec7n b\u00ean l\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia<\/a><\/i>\u201d, vanconghung.com<\/i> 4\/10\/2015.<\/p>\n [12]<\/a> X. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch 45.<\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n [13]<\/a> Nt.<\/p>\n [14]<\/a> Ph\u1ea1m Vi\u00eam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; \u201cV\u1ec1 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a><\/i>\u201d, trong Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i<\/i>, Nxb V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 TP.HCM, 2004; theo tapchivan.com<\/i> 16\/3\/2012.<\/p>\n [15]<\/a> X. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch 45.<\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n [16]<\/a> Huy T\u01b0\u1edfng; \u201cTh\u01a1 ca: t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/a><\/i>\u201d, damau.org<\/i> 4\/9\/2015.<\/p>\n [17]<\/a> D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed Th\u00e0nh\/Phan Huy\u1ec1n Th\u01b0; \u201cGia\u0309i th\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng H\u00f4\u0323i Nha\u0300 v\u0103n Ha\u0300 N\u00f4\u0323i 2015: Tro\u0300n tri\u0323a va\u0300 \u0111\u0103\u0309ng c\u00e2\u0301p<\/a><\/i>\u201d, vannghequandoi.com.vn<\/i> 10\/10\/2015.<\/p>\n [18]<\/a> L\u00ea L\u01b0u Oanh; \u201cTri\u1ebft l\u00ed d\u00e2n gian trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p \u2013 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng \u201ckinh nghi\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/a><\/i>\u201d, leluuoanh.wordpress.com<\/i> 13\/5\/2011.<\/p>\n [19]<\/a> X. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch 45.<\/i><\/p>\n [20]<\/a> Ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m th\u1eddi Bao c\u1ea5p: Sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n, v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f2ng n\u1ecd mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0110i-a-m\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ef1c qu\u00fd v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm! C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u1eef th\u00edch m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00f2ng v\u00f2ng (b\u00e2y gi\u1edd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00e2u oai\u201d) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00e2u, l\u00e0m l\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ngh\u1ec9 tr\u01b0a h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4 th\u1ee7 kho n\u0103n n\u1ec9: \u201cN\u00e0o, th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho em l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y n\u1eefa th\u00f4i. B\u1eaft th\u0103m tr\u00fang c\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1i, em tranh th\u1ee7 ph\u00f3ng v\u00e8o v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ed.\u201d – \u201cTh\u00f4i, th\u00f4i! B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1i t\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4 r\u1ed3i!\u201d, th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edfng xua tay, nh\u0103n m\u1eb7t\u2026<\/p>\n [21]<\/a> Jonathan London; \u201cTPP: Th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/i>\u201d, xinloiong.jonathanlondon.net<\/i> 10\/10\/2015.<\/p>\n [22]<\/a> tuoitre.vn<\/i> 6\/10\/2015.<\/p>\n [23]<\/a> thanhnien.com.vn<\/i> 10\/10\/2015.<\/p>\n [24]<\/a> vannghequandoi.com.vn<\/i><\/a> 15\/9\/2015. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3c (v\u1edbi \u201cch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed\u201d n\u00ean, xin l\u1ed7i, s\u1ebd h\u01a1i d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t t\u00ed); c\u00e1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i:<\/p>\n \u201cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu<\/i>: nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u0129. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf <\/i>n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2, s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eefa n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u00e3<\/i> h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c<\/i> thu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. (\u2026) Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng<\/i> nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed<\/i> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cV\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, v\u1eabn c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, th\u1ea9m m\u0129 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m m\u0129. (\u2026) c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i cao c\u1ea3, c\u00e1i anh h\u00f9ng, c\u00e1i tr\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea9m m\u0129 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p; trong khi \u0111\u00f3 (\u2026) ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u00e0i<\/i>. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh giao thoa, s\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p \u20182 trong 1\u2019 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea9m m\u0129\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n \u201c(\u2026) vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, <\/i>c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh (\u2026) <\/i>ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau: v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u…\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cV\u0103n ho\u00e1 d\u00e2n gian <\/i>trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vui ch\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed <\/i>c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u2018\u1ea5u th\u01a1\u2019 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i d\u00e2n gian vui nh\u1ed9n, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0, c\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u01a1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, kho\u1ebb kho\u1eafn… \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, vui v\u1ebb. (\u2026) truy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian, th\u01a1 ca d\u00e2n gian c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt lu\u00f4n g\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2018b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i<\/i>\u201d\u2019. (\u2026) V\u0103n h\u1ecdc trung \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t trang nghi\u00eam, m\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, <\/i>do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u1ed3n \u00e0o, s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ea7m l\u1eafng, y\u00ean \u1ea3<\/i>. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc tao nh\u00e2n m\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00fa vui tao nh\u00e3 v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u r\u01b0\u1ee3u t\u00fai th\u01a1.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/i> \u2018v\u1eaft\u2019 qua hai cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng M\u0129 v\u1edbi \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed thi h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng, bi tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u2018m\u1edd ho\u00e1\u2019 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7.<\/i> (\u2026) V\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1986 tr\u1edf \u0111i (\u2026) C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng xem x\u00e9t, t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u2018l\u00e9p v\u1ebf\u2019 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nghe nh\u00ecn. (\u2026) Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u2018s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u2019 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/i>. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 phim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, sex.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, <\/i>c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n <\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng. (\u2026) <\/i>Vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. V\u00e0, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, <\/i>mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n [25]<\/a> B\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u201cchua\u201d:<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t, \u201cch\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e3o\u201d l\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1ee9 \u1edf ta, x\u00e9t theo l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn l\u1eabn ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e0ng\u201d, xu\u00e2n xanh ch\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i l\u1ebb t\u00ednh t\u1eeb sau hai s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. [Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn: S\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft m\u1eb7c bay<\/i>, Ph\u1ea1m Duy T\u1ed1n, 1918; Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft: theo c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn t\u1ea1m coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n T\u1ed1 T\u00e2m<\/i> c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1925, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c ra \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a h\u1ee3p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7y Lazaro Phi\u1ec1n<\/i> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1887 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Qu\u1ea3n, quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i> ra l\u00f2 n\u0103m 1922 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Bi\u1ec3u Ch\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 H\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng phong nguy\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n<\/i> c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Ho\u1eb1ng M\u01b0u \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e1o n\u0103m 1912 v\u00e0 in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1914 (X. \u201cTi\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef di\u1ec5m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d<\/i>; V\u00f5 V\u0103n Nh\u01a1n, tienphong.vn<\/i> 19\/4\/2015)].<\/p>\n Hai, n\u00f3i \u201cto\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a\u201d l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam ta tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean \u00ed \u1eb9. (\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 t\u00f4m l\u00faa g\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ngon n\u1ee9c danh c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u1eb5m n\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1i kh\u00e2u bao b\u00ec \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p?!) Ch\u00e1n, ch\u1ea3 bu\u1ed3n n\u00f3i n\u1eefa. <\/p>\n Ba, \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ee7 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb A \u0111\u1ebfn Z: ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng – phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng; trong n\u01b0\u1edbc – ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc; xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n in gi\u1ea5y – treo tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng; v.v\u2026<\/p>\n B\u1ed1n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi: sinh ra b\u1edfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/i>, N\u00e0ng Th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 <\/i>ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u1edf kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc – ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u1edf truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. M\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t thi ca. N\u00e0ng Th\u01a1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ai, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edfng. Kh\u00f3 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng thi th\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc con g\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u201cR\u00f5 m\u00e0u trong ng\u1ecdc tr\u1eafng ng\u00e0\/ D\u00e0y d\u00e0y s\u1eb5n \u0111\u00fac m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u201d \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u201cc\u1ea3m\u201d n\u1ed5i th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d c\u00e1i g\u00ec? K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi\u201d nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u0103n h\u1ecdc!) V\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch, qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 th\u01a1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i-th\u01a1<\/i>; <\/i>ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a N\u00e0ng Th\u01a1. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ch\u00e0ng Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 L\u00e3o Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/i> (th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n [26]<\/a> \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n Khoa Vi\u1ebft v\u0103n – B\u00e1o ch\u00ed (ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ebft v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Du) thu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n \u201cd\u1ea1y vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn\u201d?<\/p>\n [27]<\/a> V\u0103n Gi\u00e1; \u201cChi\u00eau sinh l\u1edbp S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m b\u00ecnh truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn<\/a>\u201d,<\/i> vietvan.vn<\/i>.<\/p>\n [28]<\/a> B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea3o t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c; trangchunhat.org<\/a> <\/i>18\/10\/2015.<\/p>\n [29]<\/a> \u201cWilliam Somerset Maugham<\/a><\/i>\u201d; Wikipedia<\/i> ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt 6\/8\/2015.<\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n [30] Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn trong t\u1eadp Manet <\/i>c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n [31]<\/a> Th\u01a1 H\u00e0n M\u1eb7c T\u1eed (\u0110\u00e2y th\u00f4n V\u0129 D\u1ea1<\/i>).<\/p>\n [32]<\/a> \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec essai [ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn] \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i x\u00f4 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nhau<\/i>. B\u1ea1n cho r\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c th\u00ec \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac?<\/i> R\u1eb1ng suy nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 dung h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u0103n phong?<\/i> V\u1eady th\u00ec, essai s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9 ra, thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c<\/i>, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eebng tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n v\u0103n.\u201d (Jean Birnbaum; \u201cSvetlana Alexievich, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/i>\u201d, Le Monde<\/i> 15\/10\/2015, Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc d\u1ecbch, vanviet.info<\/i> 20\/10\/2015; \u0110Q nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh).<\/p>\n
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