{"id":4113,"date":"2009-02-20T01:05:00","date_gmt":"2009-02-20T01:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/4113"},"modified":"2022-02-23T11:06:22","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T11:06:22","slug":"so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/4113\/so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-10","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 Th\u1ea3o: B\u00e0i S\u1eed Kh\u00e1c Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam* \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 10"},"content":{"rendered":"

CH\u01af\u01a0NG X:<\/i><\/p>\n

CU\u1ed8C PH\u00c2N TRANH \u0110\u00d4NG VI\u1ec6T v\u00e0 T\u00c2Y VI\u1ec6T<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng danh v\u1ecb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n L\u00ea t\u1ed9c trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/h4>\n

Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i tuy n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00e0 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha quy\u1ec1n uy nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 sa \u0111\u1ecda trong t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp g\u1ea7n g\u0169i g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp quan ch\u1ee9c song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn khoa m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c t\u1eeb trong ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed9c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t danh v\u1ecb, c\u00e0ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u01b0 n\u00e1t. Chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee9c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (1498) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cNay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u1ee9c (th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh) \u1ea5y… h\u00f9a nhau l\u00e0m tr\u00f2 nh\u01a1 nhu\u1ed1c, m\u1eb7t d\u00e0y n\u1ecbnh b\u1ee3, qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i chui l\u00f2n, nu\u00f4i ch\u1ee9a l\u00f2ng gian, g\u00e2y m\u1ed1i t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng sao k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft…\u201d T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra cho ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn cai tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 lan kh\u1eafp \u201cquan vi\u00ean qu\u00e2n s\u1eafc trong ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ch trong t\u1edd chi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp theo: \u201cVi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh chung cho c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng m\u00e0 L\u00ea noi theo. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i khi h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh theo m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc th\u00ec c\u0169ng suy t\u00e0n theo v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p an h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia. L\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u1edf c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean c\u1edb s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y th\u00ec tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00edt.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p trong \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea s\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee3 b\u00faa, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ngay t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c quan s\u1ee9 \u0111i B\u1eafc g\u1ed3ng g\u00e1nh bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00fac v\u1ec1 b\u1ecb b\u00eau x\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng khai tuy sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, theo c\u00e1ch \u201ch\u1ed1i l\u1ed9\u201d v\u1eadt qu\u00fd cho vua nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n mua cho Nghi D\u00e2n (1459\/1460), Qu\u00e1ch H\u1eefu Nghi\u00eam mua \u00e1o long c\u1ed5n (1502) \u2013 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 cho Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng, \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c\/L\u00ea tri\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt!<\/i> Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cb\u1ecf g\u1ed1c theo ng\u1ecdn, ki\u1ebfm chuy\u1ec7n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00e0m tr\u00f2 du th\u1ee7 du th\u1ef1c\u201d khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c r\u1eebng n\u00fai c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp L\u00ea v\u00e0 phe nh\u00f3m quen l\u1ed1i trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, th\u1ea5y t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f3n l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c li\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung ch\u00e2u (h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t) \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1. V\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n minh cho th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1edb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nho gia ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c \u201cb\u1ecf g\u1ed1c (n\u00f4ng) theo ng\u1ecdn (th\u01b0\u01a1ng)\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng co r\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u00fac c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ch\u01b0a b\u00e9n m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn g\u00f3i tr\u1ecdn trong v\u00f2ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng. V\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai khai th\u00e1c nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \/ Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f5 b\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u tham v\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0110\u1ecba d\u01b0 ch\u00ed <\/i>c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Li Tana trong m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u00e1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII. \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh l\u00fang t\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn g\u1ecdn: \u201cd\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea7u mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng n\u00ean v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean ch\u1ecbu th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Minh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n th\u00ec coi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm c\u1ea3 c\u1ef1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u0169 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec5n chinh h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 ng\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi do s\u1eed quan ta ghi l\u1ea1i: 3 129 500 h\u1ed9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa 9 388 500 v\u00e0 6 259 000 \u0111inh, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trai g\u00e1i tr\u1ebb gi\u00e0 l\u1edbn b\u00e9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi! (C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.) Con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Li Tana nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u: 1 861 750 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1417, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a theo c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean Li Tana c\u00f2n th\u00eam nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qua cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e2y ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 n\u00fai,\u201d hay tr\u1ea3i qua \u201cd\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft g\u1ed1i l\u00ean nhau,\u201d d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV ph\u1ea3i t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Cho n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00e9n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t chung \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00f4 danh \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng vong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 th\u1eadt cao nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chen v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch chung. L\u00ed t\u1eeb Hoa L\u01b0 v\u00e0o Th\u0103ng Long c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m v\u1ec1 kinh doanh nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ta t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m qua. Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng khai kh\u1ea9n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 cung \u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd sang c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u00fac n\u00e0o th\u00ec Tr\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ea ven s\u00f4ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch an ninh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd kia, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi tay m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi y\u00ean b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00f4 t\u00ec. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh n\u0103m 1475 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/i> hai ch\u1ee9c Khuy\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 H\u00e0 \u0111\u00ea. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t ta c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 cai tr\u1ecb. L\u1ec7nh cho m\u1edf ch\u1ee3 m\u1edbi n\u0103m 1477 c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn : \u201cSinh d\u00e2n c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n, ch\u00e2u, x\u00e3 \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4ng…\u201d Theo Li Tana th\u00ec n\u0103m 1490 s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 4 372 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ea7n hai l\u1ea7n r\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Minh c\u0169ng do b\u00e0 t\u00ednh ra. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho \u00f4ng vua l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn chinh Nam m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Th\u00e1i ph\u00eda t\u00e2y l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c khu v\u1ef1c. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t hoang cho \u00f4ng khai th\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169 l\u00fac b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0 hay \u0111\u00e3 ban cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh gi\u1eef g\u00ecn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1481 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i ph\u00eda h\u1ea1 du, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch thay cho c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m l\u1ebb t\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Ki\u1ec7t cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV, hay d\u00e2y d\u01b0a trong d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1462, 1467 \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201c\u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea5t,\u201d d\u01b0 d\u00e2n. V\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh sao cho c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n l\u00e0m sai d\u1ecbch, \u0111i l\u00ednh… H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sinh \u0111\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 thai, s\u1ea3n sinh ra th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u201cchuy\u00ean vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m 1484 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea5m \u201clo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n \u00edt con c\u00e1i… d\u00f9ng k\u1ebf cho s\u1ea9y thai…\u201d V\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1o t\u1eb7c, Qu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt<\/i>), \u201ct\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng…\u201d<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cai tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m quan tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 khi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u01b0 danh ch\u1ee9 t\u1ed5n ph\u00ed sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0o s\u0129 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt: L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u1ecbnh, M\u1ea1c Hi\u1ec3n T\u00edch, Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o, Nguy\u1ec5n S\u0129 C\u1ed1… d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n (1244). Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea m\u00e0 th\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, th\u00ec l\u00e0m quan \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng! M\u00e0 quan th\u00ec c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp \u1ea5m, theo \u0111\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb khoa c\u1eed. L\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1o Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ef1u h\u01b0\u1edfng 50 h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n (chuy\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1456). Ngay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c quan, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb ph\u00e9p qu\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1n, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u201c\u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa c\u1eed m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn danh v\u1ecdng, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n th\u1ebf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0u l\u1eafm. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c quan th\u1eddi nay th\u00ec t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d trong c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho thi c\u1eed l\u00e0m l\u1ea5n \u00e1t tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i v\u0103n trau chu\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec7m th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb \u201ctr\u00ed th\u1ee9c\u201d \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh ng\u1ea7m cho m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em ra ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cho l\u1eafm. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1 tham nh\u0169ng trong quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cquan tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u0169ng l\u1ea1m\u201d l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u00f9 l\u00ec c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m tra, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi \u0111\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m quan ngay, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng khi\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp \u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 an \u1ee7i (1504). L\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ebf Vinh \u0111\u00f4 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u0103m 1463, len l\u00e1ch h\u1eb7c t\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ecd, c\u1ea3 gan l\u1ea7n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u1ebf m\u00e0 4 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c tri huy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf nhoi l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb g\u1ea1ch t\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00ea l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9! Quan ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho sinh ho\u1ea1t, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho tham v\u1ecdng \u201cb\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp\u201d c\u00f4ng lao h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, lu\u1ed3n l\u00e1ch. Ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ebf n\u0103m 1471 cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00ecnh to quan ch\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c: \u201cQuy ch\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, \u0111\u1eb7t quan ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y quan to t\u01b0\u1edbc cao. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1eb7t quan \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt tr\u1eadt th\u1ea5p. S\u1ed1 quan \u0111\u1eb7t ra so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng chi ti\u00eau so v\u1edbi x\u01b0a c\u0169ng v\u1eabn th\u1ebf…\u201d Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng quan ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i lo xoay s\u1edf, c\u0169ng cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh! Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft xoay s\u1edf th\u00ec ngh\u00e8o c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed7 khoa thi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean 1442, thu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, l\u00fac ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y s\u00e0o ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3!<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u1eabn do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cung c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng khoa c\u1eed m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a To\u00e0n th\u01b0,<\/i> s\u00e1ch Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, bia V\u0103n mi\u1ebfu H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e0ng t\u1ee5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 thi: 33 \u0111\u1ed7 \/ 450 th\u00ed sinh n\u0103m 1442, 44\/1400 (1463), 27\/1100 (1466), 55\/5000 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n (1475), 43\/5700 (1514 hay 1516)… Cho d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i quay v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea c\u0169, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y cu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cc\u00f3 h\u1ecdc,\u201d l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n hay gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf, chen v\u00e0o l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc cho l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, \u0111em tham v\u1ecdng tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh cai tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng g\u1eb7p d\u1ecbp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o, hay m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa, h\u00e0o s\u0129 x\u01b0a, \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u toan t\u00ednh m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u01a1n, ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a t\u00ednh c\u00e1t c\u1ee9 cho l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee3i d\u1ecbp l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp li\u00ean minh qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1eddi c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh L\u00ea tr\u00ean cao ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ra th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 \u1edf ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n. Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng (1461-1504) c\u00f3 \u00f4ng cha gi\u1eef ng\u00f4i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u n\u00ean l\u00fac c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vua c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y n\u0103m. \u00d4ng vua ti\u1ebfp theo l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u1ebb, ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp qua n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua Qu\u1ef7 (Uy M\u1ee5c 1486-1509), vua L\u1ee3n (T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ef1c 1493-1516) \u0111\u1ea7y tai ti\u1ebfng trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch phe nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng o \u00e9p c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh trong m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i suy t\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m L\u00ea Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, xa d\u1ea7n qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c Lam Kinh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd t\u1edbi, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh g\u00e2y ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Uy M\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n trung ch\u00e2u. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i th\u00edch d\u00f9 b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e1m nho gia \u0111em nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e8 b\u1ec9u, c\u00e1o gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng ph\u00eda sau c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua. S\u1eed th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng n\u00fap b\u00f3ng phe c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi, ch\u00ea \u201cTh\u00e1i h\u1eadu Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00e0 m\u00e1i g\u00e1y s\u1edbm… vua \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1eaft qu\u00e1ng… b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd ngo\u1ea1i l\u00f2ng tham, kho\u00e1c l\u00e1c ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh kh\u1eafp ch\u1ed1n…\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, s\u1eed quan trong l\u1eddi khen \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n uy \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng chen v\u00e0o c\u00e2u: \u201c(Vua) d\u00f9ng h\u1ecd m\u1eb9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t…\u201d L\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng sai v\u00ec ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4, ph\u00eda m\u1eb9 vua, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0y nay (Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eefu Qu\u00fdnh 1982) c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi l\u1eddi khoe khoang \u201ct\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u1ea1n m\u1eabu, (thu ho\u1ea1ch) v\u00e0i tr\u0103m v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u th\u00f3c.\u201d Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y quan l\u1ea1i n\u1ecbnh b\u1ee3 ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi ch\u00ea m\u1ed9t c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n \u201cli\u1ebfm tr\u00f4n tr\u0129\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Trung (\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y.)<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i Lam S\u01a1n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ecd m\u1edbi ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb. Th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2m r\u1ec5 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m tr\u1ecbch, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c vua ch\u00e1u y\u1ebfu \u1edbt th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u1eb1m trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ed1c Lam Kinh \u0111\u00e3 phai l\u1ea1t, l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh v\u00e0 Lam Kinh, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 lan r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u1ed9i cung. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u00e2p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, chi ti\u1ebft, ghi th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong b\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea. S\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng vua c\u00f3 l\u00fac tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1edbp ho\u1ea1n quan v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef cung \u0111\u00ecnh. Ho\u1ea1n quan L\u00ea kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh t\u1ecf r\u00f5 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ed, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ef1c d\u00f9 ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe s\u1eed quan ghi tho\u00e1ng qua trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p L\u00ea T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Uy M\u1ee5c l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh phe trung ch\u00e2u \u1edf n\u1ed9i cung m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u trong cung ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed (sau l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft t\u1edbi \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ec thi\u1ebfp n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t Kinh B\u1eafc t\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Kinh th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb l\u00e2y v\u1ea1 m\u00e0 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u00e0o cung. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m ti\u1ebfu th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tai. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y d\u1eef t\u1ee3n n\u00ean mang t\u00ean \u201cVua Qu\u1ef7,\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u1eddi th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n Minh n\u0103m 1507. Cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i gh\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea5t Lam Kinh, do \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y th\u00f9 v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Mi\u00eau. Th\u00f9 lan r\u1ed9ng li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n t\u1eebng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 Uy M\u1ee5c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i s\u1edbm h\u01a1n! \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n, vua k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169, r\u1ed3i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi em. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n trung ch\u00e2u khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u, nay c\u00f3 c\u01a1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady g\u00e2y l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n. Uy M\u1ee5c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ba th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9: qu\u00ea m\u1eb9 nu\u00f4i, qu\u00ea m\u1eb9 ru\u1ed9t, qu\u00ea v\u1ee3 \u2013 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n uy m\u1edbi n\u00ean c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n. Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Lam Kinh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh khi Gi\u1ea3n Tu C\u00f4ng Oanh\/Dinh, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ru\u1ed3ng b\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Uy M\u1ee5c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Lang \u0111\u1ea5t Gia Mi\u00eau.<\/p>\n

Uy M\u1ee5c xua \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u00f2i t\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 Thanh Ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp nho\u00e0 danh v\u1ecb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 th\u00ec th\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd vua, con ch\u00e1u c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o, \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh hay Lam Kinh? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m. V\u1edbi s\u1eed quan th\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1eadt khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp t\u00f9 binh th\u1eddi L\u00ed d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m r\u01b0\u1edfi n\u0103m m\u1edbi tan bi\u1ebfn \u2013 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u0169ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u00edt. B\u00ed Cai b\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng b\u1eaft l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh n\u0103m 1446 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n hai n\u0103m sau c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o cung m\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i \u00e1o m\u00e3o vua Chi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1 y\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7c. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111em v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n ba v\u1ea1n t\u00f9 binh trong tr\u1eadn 1471, ban c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n. Ph\u00eda nam th\u00ec c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 cho quan ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn ra (h\u1ecd Ch\u1ebf \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An), hay d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean bia l\u00e0 gom v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng Kim \u1ed4 (v\u00f9ng B\u00e0u \u00d4, C\u1eeda L\u00f2 hi\u1ec7n nay) c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed \u2013 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft Ch\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi cho Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh \u201ckim\u201d. \u1ede Kinh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2u L\u00e2m, n\u01a1i Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng ra l\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra con ch\u00e1u t\u00f9 binh, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 con Tr\u00e0 To\u1ea1i (k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n) \u0111\u1ebfn ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau c\u00f2n \u00f4m tro cha tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, l\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn t\u00f9 n\u00f4 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c cao trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eb3n t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u00eam b\u00e1i ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u0110anh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00f9 h\u00e3m. T\u00f9 n\u00f4 \u0111i theo con ch\u00e1u c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n b\u1ecb xua \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ebf M\u1ea1n gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Lang, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn cho Uy M\u1ee5c. Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chi\u00eam t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean trong cung, c\u00f9ng khu tr\u1eeb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Kinh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Phe Lam Kinh th\u1eafng, T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ef1c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh v\u1eabn \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh th\u00ec phe \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u01b0u th\u1ebf. T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ef1c v\u1eabn chu\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 vua tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 ch\u1eafc v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1edbi b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng k\u00edch l\u00e0 Vua L\u1ee3n. V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh phe ph\u00eda th\u1eadt r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ef1c c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u00e0 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n l\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m n\u1ed9i gi\u00e1m khi m\u1edbi v\u1eeba th\u1eafng th\u1ebf, l\u00ean ng\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 vua \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecbnh \u1ee9c hi\u1ebfp L\u00ea hay cho s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u00e2n (1511) v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng Ninh, Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o (1516). Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u00e2n tuy b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft khi ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n \u00e9p s\u00e1t kinh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sau th\u00ec to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1i vong. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u00e1n cho \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n: Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e2n b\u1ea3o, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n \u2013 s\u1ef1 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd d\u00e0nh cho Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng Ninh th\u00ec s\u00edt sao h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ph\u00f9 nghi\u1ec7p L\u00ea Trung h\u01b0ng, h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eb7ng th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gh\u00e9p h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n thua tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y danh ngh\u0129a thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng t\u1eebng l\u00e0m ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf trung ch\u00e2u. C\u00f2n Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh th\u00e0nh tuy kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 con c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u0169 qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o t\u1eebng b\u1ecb L\u00ea L\u1ee3i gi\u1ebft nay (\u0111\u1ea7u thai) tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i h\u1eadn c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung ch\u00e2u.<\/i> B\u1edfi v\u00ec xung \u0111\u1ed9t Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc Th\u00e1p th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n, gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt g\u1ed7 \u0111em v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng, n\u01a1i th\u1edd t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t (r\u1ed3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.) Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u00f4ng t\u1eeb gi\u1eef \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a trang D\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ch\u00e2n, l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a Qu\u1ef3nh L\u00e2m, ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n, t\u1eebng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u1eabu ru\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1n n\u00f4, c\u00f3 quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00f4ng coi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1n n\u00f4 gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi \u00f4ng quan! Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi s\u1ea5m \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean t\u1eed \u201d nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu nh\u01b0 C\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n l\u1eabn L\u00ea, c\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111em s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 L\u00ea, l\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi: M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung.<\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Lam S\u01a1n th\u1ee9 hai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn cho l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1eed c\u0169\u201d g\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e2n tranh L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 M\u1ea1c l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e2n tranh Nam tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u201cs\u1eed c\u0169\u201d n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/i>c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim m\u00e0 t\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 An Nam s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i> (1920), trong b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c: \u201cNam tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u\u201d cho hai v\u00f9ng Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea v\u00e0 M\u1ea1c. Th\u1eadt ra quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed to\u00e0n th\u01b0, <\/i>kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. <\/i>S\u1eed quan v\u1eabn coi nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c l\u00e0 \u201cnhu\u1eadn tri\u1ec1u\u201d nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn coi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda nam v\u00f9ng Th\u0103ng Long l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y.<\/i> Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4\/Kinh so v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4\/Kinh. H\u1ea3i T\u00e2y<\/i> \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u L\u00ea l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Thanh Ngh\u1ec7. Cho n\u00ean khi c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Phan Huy Ch\u00fa vi\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n D\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed: \u201c\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi M\u1ea1c… [t]\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y\u00ean tr\u1edf ra ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t, tr\u1edf v\u00e0o ph\u00eda trong g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t. T\u1eeb Trung h\u01b0ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi theo th\u1ebf…\u201d \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 bia m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Thanh Ho\u00e1, ghi l\u00e0: \u201cT\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t<\/i> nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i T\u01b0 m\u00e3…\u201d, \u201cT\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t<\/i> Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e1i Phu nh\u00e2n…\u201d Trong tr\u1eadn Nguy\u1ec5n Quy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c (1576) tung ho\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khen: \u201cC\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f9ng Giang \u0110\u00f4ng (ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng) \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng.\u201d V\u00e0 khi Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m cho Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o tr\u1ea5n Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 (1558) th\u00ec chi\u1ebfu vua L\u00ea ghi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng,\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong quy\u1ec3n \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u c\u1eadn l\u1ee5c<\/i> l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ngh\u00e8 tri\u1ec1u M\u1ea1c, s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: 1555.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea s\u01a1, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong tay gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecbnh, Nguy\u1ec5n m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i: M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung. G\u1ecdi \u201cm\u1edbi\u201d l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 khung c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng trung ch\u00e2u nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. Li Tana cho bi\u1ebft vua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c khi c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u vua Thanh \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1edf Tr\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng Quan, Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1edb b\u00e1m v\u00edu \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 th\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n l\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh qua l\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, khi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 Tr\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m B\u1ea1ch H\u1ed5 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 X, t\u1eebng c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfn tranh Tr\u1ea7n-Nguy\u00ean, l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady Ng\u00f4 B\u1ec7 1344, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t Kim Th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u1edf nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI (1511) tr\u00ean ba \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00f9ng Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 th\u00ec v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cAn Nam.\u201d Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u00eam nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed quan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung li\u00ean t\u1ee5c qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb M\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ec9nh Chi c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Minh thu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00e1i bia 1470 c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Ng\u1ecdc \u1ef6, c\u00f3 cha mang t\u01b0\u1edbc V\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c l\u00e0ng C\u1ed5 Trai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung, th\u00ec th\u1eadt c\u0169ng n\u00ean tin r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u00e1c quan v\u00f5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i cho n\u00ean Uy M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1c s\u0129 \u0110\u0103ng Dung l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 huy s\u1ee9 trong to\u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh. Xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0 L\u00ea B\u00e1 Li xoay chi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1ed1n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u0111em th\u00e2n \u201c\u1edf nh\u1edd\u201d \u2013 gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb.\u201d Nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u201cc\u00f3 v\u1ee3 bu\u00f4n rau,\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1eb7ng Hu\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 cha l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u1edf r\u1ec3,\u201d b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 n\u00fap d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a quan quy\u1ec1n, \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m l\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c. T\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 B\u00e1 Li, chuy\u1ec3n theo h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng vinh hi\u1ec3n trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u2013 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn Phan Huy Ch\u00fa h\u00f9a theo l\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00edch \u0110\u1eb7ng Hu\u1ea5n c\u00f2n thua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c trong s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ta t\u01b0\u1edfng khi th\u1ea5y s\u1eed quan ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf tho\u00e1ng qua l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u0169 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00f4ng t\u1eeb\/s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm kinh \u0111\u00f4. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00e2n, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i \u201cC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vua thi\u00ean h\u1ea1… tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00ean d\u00e2n,\u201d r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea3m t\u1eed c\u0169ng v\u00ec d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1eb9 T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ef1c (h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh) ph\u1ea3i xen v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 sau: \u201cM\u1eabu h\u1eadu gian phi g\u00e2y ho\u1ea1.\u201d Ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n t\u1eeb 1511 c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00e1c h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt s\u0129 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed s\u1eafc thi\u00ean t\u1eed\u201d ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung khi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ebf vua (1522), v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u1ea1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf, s\u1eafc v\u00e0ng lan ra ph\u1ee7 kh\u1eafp tr\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n

S\u1eed quan kh\u00f4ng cho ta bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111o\u00e1n kia. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c \u00f4ng quan v\u0103n hay ch\u1eef t\u1ed1t \u0111ang ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i, cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh. H\u1ecbch v\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u1eed k\u00ed ch\u1ed1ng Uy M\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch \u201cx\u00e2y cung th\u1ea5t to, l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa r\u1ed9ng,\u201d \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eadn d\u1eef m\u1ea1t s\u00e1t: \u201cX\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec7 th\u00ec r\u1eebng n\u00fai c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, Tuy\u00ean Quang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng…\u201d Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ef1c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn th\u00edch \u201cl\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed5 m\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1eafp th\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng… sai th\u1ee3 v\u1ebd ki\u1ec3u l\u00e0m thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn… \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed3… du ngo\u1ea1n… h\u1ebft n\u0103m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m kh\u00e1c, li\u00ean mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t.\u201d Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u0103m n\u00f3c.\u201d Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cao \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p y\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1edbng, ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i m\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec v\u1eabn s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua t\u00e0i danh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1eadt ti\u1ebfc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 t\u00e0i hoa V\u0169 Nh\u01b0 T\u00f4 sinh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi n\u00ean C\u1eedu Tr\u00f9ng \u0110\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng to\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng, r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1ecb n\u00e9m gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3 cho \u201cquan d\u00e2n… nh\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt\u201d nh\u01b0 s\u1eed quan \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ea3 h\u00ea. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng khai kh\u1ea9n ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u01a1 v\u00e9t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang, t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i sao \u0111ang l\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c s\u1eed quan c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra: \u201cL\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng theo.\u201d V\u00e0 nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u: 1527.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u00fac \u0110\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u0169 c\u00f2n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00ec T\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Lam S\u01a1n kh\u00e1c. N\u1ec1n trung h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n c\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n: Nguy\u1ec5n Kim (1468-1545). Qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u01b0ng l\u00ean l\u00e0 Qu\u00fd H\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ B\u00e1i Trang \u2013 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t B\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n xa x\u01b0a v\u00e0 xa x\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh t\u00ean Gia Mi\u00eau c\u00f3 \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd c\u0169ng v\u1eabn che l\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ta g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cho Nguy\u1ec5n Kim l\u00e0 con Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u1eb1ng D\u1ee5, k\u00e9o l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Trung, cha v\u1ee3 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng. B\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 g\u00e2y t\u1ef1 t\u00edn cho m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vua, v\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u1eebng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ecbu lu\u1ed3n c\u00fai ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c khi\u1ebfn s\u1eed gia theo th\u1eddi tha h\u1ed3 m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi cho n\u00ean con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp gia ph\u1ea3 l\u00f4i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1eb7c, t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng, xa x\u01b0a!<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra ngay s\u1eed quan L\u00ea c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 cha con gi\u1eefa Nguy\u1ec5n Kim v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u1eb1ng D\u1ee5. Ho\u1eb1ng D\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf trung ch\u00e2u t\u1eeb khi thua c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00e0n em c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00e2n (1518). Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean Gia Mi\u00eau Ngo\u1ea1i trang mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 sau nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tr\u1eebng Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng D\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n cho l\u00e0 cha Nguy\u1ec5n Kim ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u1eb1ng D\u1ee5 \u1edf c\u00e1i t\u00ean, c\u00f2n th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u1ef1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1eebng Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u1eb1ng D\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a To\u00e0n th\u01b0 <\/i>ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbc (An Ho\u00e0) h\u1ea7u. <\/i>S\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n ch\u00fat n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 cha con v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ghi \u1edf C\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c <\/i>t\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u1eb1ng D\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, xa l\u1ea1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ni\u1ec1m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh cho \u00f4ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1i m\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Kim m\u00e0 suy x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u01b0ng n\u00e0y. C\u00e1i m\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd vinh hi\u1ec3n t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng s\u00e2u, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Thi\u00ean T\u00f4n, v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 khi con ch\u00e1u l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00fang t\u1ebf, g\u1ecdi trang tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u01a1 \/ N\u1ec1n Vu\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m ch\u00fat khi \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Hu\u00e2n T\u0129nh C\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 tang l\u1ec5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5: \u201cVua… sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 B\u00e1i Trang, huy\u1ec7n T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1eadu t\u00e1ng.\u201d Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 theo m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c ng\u00e0y nay, d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u00ean t\u00e1ng,\u201d n\u00f3i n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i r\u1eebng! Ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho l\u1ed1i \u201cb\u1ecf m\u1eb7c\u201d \u0111\u00f3 theo v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau trong khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng thi\u00ean t\u00e1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u1ee5c chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1eef thi\u00ean t\u00e1ng theo ngh\u0129a \u201cv\u1ee9t x\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i r\u1eebng\u201d cho chim mu\u00f4ng r\u00fac r\u1ec9a, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u2013 sau l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng gia, cha v\u1ee3 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u thi\u00ean t\u00e1ng theo c\u00e1ch \u201cb\u1ecf m\u1ea3\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Kim khi\u1ebfn cho trong Ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c Nguy\u1ec5n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1m tr\u1eddi n\u1ed5i c\u01a1n d\u00f4ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, l\u00fac tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa ngo\u00e0i khu r\u1eebng c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i m\u1ecbt m\u00f9! Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00f4n qu\u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec7ng r\u1ed3ng m\u1edf ra r\u1ed3i kh\u00e9p ch\u1eb7t nu\u1ed1t tr\u1ecdn quan t\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea3 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n trung h\u01b0ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u t\u00edch, v\u00e0 s\u1eed quan c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 ghi: \u201c\u0110\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u00e1ng chung v\u00e0o l\u0103ng (Nguy\u1ec5n Kim).\u201d Gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eb7ng cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i \u0110\u0103ng Hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cthi\u00ean t\u00e1ng\u201d nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kim v\u1eady. R\u1ed3i c\u0169ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, gia ph\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd Phan V\u0103n\/Huy \u2013 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, kh\u00f4ng ghi g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Khung c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Thanh Ho\u00e1 th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ec7t t\u00edch nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ecbnh Tuy ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u1ea5p g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Tr\u1ecbnh sang c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia: Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m (1503-1570), r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hoang d\u00e3 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i cho. Ch\u00ednh t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tung c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 nho v\u1ec1 sau v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n kho\u1ea3 l\u1ea5p cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec7n \u0103n tr\u1ed9m ng\u1ef1a (tr\u00ean r\u1eebng) c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec7n \u0103n c\u1eafp g\u00e0 (d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng) nu\u00f4i m\u1eb9, bao che m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ea3: v\u00ec ch\u1eef hi\u1ebfu! R\u1ed3i c\u0169ng qua nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m, l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft th\u00e2n g\u1ed1c Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 chia x\u1ebb gian nguy v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp t\u00f9 binh c\u1ee7a tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Gia ph\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eb7ng cho bi\u1ebft Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng (Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc L\u00e3nh), con g\u00e1i \u201ct\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d S\u00f9ng Qu\u1eadn C\u00f4ng (v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean.) Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed ghi c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng gia nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Ho\u00e0ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i danh th\u1eddi Trung h\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u00ecnh \u00c1i, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u00f3m L\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu th\u00eam ch\u00fat li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f9ng. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau, Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00f9ng k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi \u0110\u1eb7ng Hu\u1ea5n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng g\u1ed1c T\u00e0y N\u00f9ng m\u00e0 danh v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 sau khi\u1ebfn con ch\u00e1u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p gia ph\u1ea3 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n, ch\u00e9p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb To\u00e0n th\u01b0, <\/i>l\u1ea5n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ea7n-l\u00e0m-vua, \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, danh v\u1ecdng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng cao sang kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u1ed5i nh\u1edd \u00f4ng \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d gia ph\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1edfng theo. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111i theo h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn L\u00ea Ninh, g\u1ecdi l\u1ea1m l\u00e0 \u201ctrung quan,\u201d sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1eebng c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eafc khi ch\u1ebft, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110inh C\u00f4ng, \u201c\u00f4ng h\u1ecd \u0110inh,\u201d m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3!<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c trung h\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd L\u00ea ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111i ph\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n v\u1edbi quan nh\u00e0 Minh, b\u1ecb v\u1eb7n v\u1eb9o th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng L\u00ea Ninh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u1edf trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai Thanh Ho\u00e1 hay tr\u00ean x\u1ee9 L\u00e0o xa x\u00f4i. S\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 v\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo phe ph\u00eda kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tin r\u1eb1ng L\u00ea Ninh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f9ng h\u01b0ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con Chi\u00eau T\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng vua ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a L\u00ea. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Chi\u00eau T\u00f4ng sinh n\u0103m 1506 c\u00f2n L\u00ea Ninh \/ Trang T\u00f4ng sinh n\u0103m 1515, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac Chi\u00eau T\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi 9 tu\u1ed5i! Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 \u00f4ng L\u00ea Ninh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ee9 tung, mang t\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ch\u1ed5m, v\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u1ee3 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Ch\u00fang ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 trong bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t danh ngh\u0129a \u2013 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 trong Truy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t anh ho\u00e0ng ph\u00e1i: \u201cQu\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 t\u00ean <\/i>r\u1ed3i!\u201d C\u00f2n gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea7m th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung cho danh ngh\u0129a thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t kia nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m L\u00ea Trung h\u01b0ng n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi T\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 (1556), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1u 4 \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng L\u00ea Tr\u1eeb, anh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean ng\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0i nghi l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc tuy l\u00e0 \u00edt x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft h\u01a1n. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i sinh n\u0103m 1385, anh \u00f4ng h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0i ba tu\u1ed5i th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u00e1u L\u00ea Bang (Anh T\u00f4ng) l\u1ea1i sinh n\u0103m 1531, c\u00e1ch nhau \u0111\u1ebfn 150 n\u0103m th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 coi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Lam S\u01a1n ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cc\u00f4ng ch\u00faa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1eafm d\u00f9i\u201d nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 than th\u00ec ch\u00e1u \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf kia h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng sang tr\u1ecdng g\u00ec h\u01a1n \u00f4ng Ch\u00faa Ch\u1ed5m kia, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 em \u00f4ng vua m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i gi\u1edf tr\u00f2 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi!<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Lam S\u01a1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1eed quan kh\u1ecfi l\u00fang t\u00fang khi coi h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ef5 tri\u1ec1u m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o s\u1eed v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao b\u00f9 ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1527-1540. Phe Ph\u00f9 L\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n Nguy\u1ec5n Kim. L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n c\u00f3 ghi th\u00eam ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh \u201ct\u00f4i c\u0169\u201d c\u00f9ng l\u1eadp vua L\u00ea v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Kim. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, Tr\u1ecbnh Duy Li\u00eau v\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh Vi\u00ean, tr\u00e8o \u0111\u00e8o l\u1eb7n su\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, \u0111i nh\u1edd thuy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, hai n\u0103m sau m\u1edbi t\u1edbi Y\u00ean Kinh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nguy\u1ec5n Kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m xa khu\u1ea5t, m\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t S\u1ea7m N\u1ee9a t\u1eebng b\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt, h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a vua L\u00e0o S\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ea9u \u2013 P\u2019ot\u2019isarat, n\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong v\u00f9ng Thanh Ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i M\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Trung h\u01b0ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ta th\u1ea5y s\u1eed quan l\u00fang t\u00fang ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1n ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho Nguy\u1ec5n Kim trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Ngh\u1ec7 An (1540), Thanh Ho\u00e1 (1542) th\u1ebf m\u00e0 vua \u1edf T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n sai Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng N\u0103ng m\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Kim \u201cc\u00f2n \u1edf A\u00ed Lao,\u201d v\u1ec1 (1543). C\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u00edt l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00e3 \u201cl\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n,\u201d b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u00e9p m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a S\u1ea7m N\u1ee9a k\u00e9o v\u1ec1. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i c\u1ea7u Minh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. V\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kim ch\u1ecdn con r\u1ec3 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do \u2013 l\u00ed do \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1ed1c Th\u00e1i L\u00e0o trong v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Tranh chi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf ch\u00eanh v\u00eanh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/h4>\n

H\u1ecd M\u1ea1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 66 n\u0103m (1527-1593), cai tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t theo nh\u1eefng co d\u00e3n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn tranh. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi kinh \u0111\u00f4, nh\u1edd th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cai tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Cao B\u1eb1ng \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1677, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chen v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Khi Nguy\u1ec5n Kim b\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ebft (1545) th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ec3, Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m. S\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec5n U\u00f4ng, con tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n Kim, b\u1ecb \u201cnh\u1ed1t trong bi\u1ec7t cung\u201d (ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n nh\u1edd Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7 k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 n\u0103m 1657), b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con th\u1ee9, Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00f9ng, nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb xin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 xa x\u00f4i (1558). \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m c\u00f3 nh\u00fang tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c Nguy\u1ec5n Kim. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi ng\u1edd th\u00ec kh\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong bao l\u00e2u nay s\u1eed x\u01b0a c\u1ee9 cho th\u1ea5y Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m n\u00fap b\u00f3ng Nguy\u1ec5n Kim, g\u00e2y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn v\u00ec l\u00e0 r\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n khai qu\u1ed1c l\u1ee1 l\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eb9p k\u1ebb \u201cph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n\u201d Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng N\u0103ng kia ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i tranh quy\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong l\u1ea7n phong ch\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1539 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Nguy\u1ec5n Kim. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m r\u1ec3 \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Kim h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf th\u1ebf nh\u1edd c\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n nh\u1edd c\u1eady. Trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi Nguy\u1ec5n Kim ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1eed ghi \u201cvua l\u1eadp h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf s\u00e1ch V\u1ea1n L\u1ea1i,\u201d t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u0169. Ngay sau n\u0103m Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111i th\u00ec Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd tr\u00f4ng coi ng\u1ef1 binh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf vua L\u00ea gi\u00e0nh cho phe m\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t k\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ai Lao m\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i M\u1ea1c c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a th\u00ec nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n nh\u00f3m M\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n. \u0110\u1ebfn khi Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft, h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con (Tr\u1ecbnh C\u1ed1i \u2013 Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00f9ng) n\u00ean \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea9y Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111i xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb cho cai tr\u1ecb th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (1570). \u00d4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n cho con ch\u00e1u m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eebng s\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Thanh Ngh\u1ec7 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef n\u01a1i n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 n\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch theo th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi, r\u1ed3i khi \u1edf phe m\u1edbi, th\u1ea5y k\u1ebb kia kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf c\u1edd ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, may m\u1eafn th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, r\u1ee7i ro th\u00ec l\u00e3nh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu l\u1eafm. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p L\u00ea Phi Th\u1eeba, Trung H\u1eadu h\u1ea7u tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a hai th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee9 theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i phe, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1eb7ng Hu\u1ea5n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecbnh Tr\u00e1ng sau n\u00e0y. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n tr\u00fa an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch r\u1eebng n\u00fai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi tao lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng to\u1ea3, Tr\u1ecbnh d\u1ec5 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ecd V\u0169 v\u00f9ng t\u00e2y b\u1eafc \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh (1547): anh em V\u0169 V\u0103n Uy\u00ean, V\u0169 V\u0103n M\u1eadt (Uy\u00ean \u201cthi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d \u2013 Phan Huy Ch\u00fa) t\u1eeb H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean v\u00f9ng Tuy\u00ean Quang chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y danh ngh\u0129a ph\u00f9 L\u00ea. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1eed quan th\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd n\u00e0y th\u1eadt khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p, ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa L\u00ea M\u1ea1c nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng ch\u00faa B\u1ea7u\/Bi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong v\u00f9ng x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng, x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p (V\u0169 V\u0103n M\u1eadt) th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u00faa m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111e d\u1ecda M\u1ea1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc trong ngay c\u1ea3 l\u1ea7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean 1551. B\u00e0i ph\u00fa n\u00f4m c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e3ng t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng, tuy v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu v\u1edbi v\u0103n t\u1eeb x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng m\u1ed3m m\u00e9p c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u201cth\u00e0nh th\u1ecb… h\u1ecdp kh\u00e1ch b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, xe, d\u00f9, ng\u1ef1a dong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean l\u00ed,\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u201cth\u1ef1c l\u1ed9c\u201d cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn 2000 l\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng theo l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn tai L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n. S\u1ef1 sung t\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c cai tr\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u201c\u0110\u00e0ng Tr\u00ean\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong l\u1ea7n \u0111em s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c n\u1ea1p c\u1ed1ng L\u00ea (1593) n\u00ean kh\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh. C\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t sinh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngay n\u0103m sau \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eed quan ghi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tho\u1ea3ng qua, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh Tr\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00f9ng g\u1eedi Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng: \u201c\u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y C\u1eadu \u0111em qu\u00e2n ra…\u201d Quan bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u, nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecbnh mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea9y Nguy\u1ec5n ra xa. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 Thanh Ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 l\u00fac Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m \u0111au \u1ed1m, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u0103m sau th\u00ec ch\u1ebft, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea9y Ho\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 s\u1eed nh\u1eafc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c chu c\u1ea5p qu\u00e2n ph\u00ed cho Thanh Ho\u00e1 trong bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u201cm\u1ea5t m\u00f9a, \u0111\u00f3i to.\u201d Ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng cai tr\u1ecb, \u201cthuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1edbi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef an ninh \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda nam cho Tr\u1ecbnh. Tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, khi M\u1ea1c c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i L\u00ea th\u00ec c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u201cc\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o v\u00f9ng Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng th\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, ho\u1eb7c h\u00f9ng c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00eang ng\u1ea3 theo M\u1ea1c tu\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng B\u00f4i, gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n H\u1ea3i L\u0103ng (1553-1558), t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi M\u1ea1c khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ngh\u00e8 D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n An ph\u1ea3i vinh danh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i theo v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00ean nh\u00f3m M\u0129 L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb Tr\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n sang M\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng (1571), th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng L\u1eadp B\u1ea1o (1572), vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng ng\u0169, tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 s\u1eed th\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh gi\u00fap nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00faa l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i M\u1ea1c ra kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00faa B\u1ea7u, ch\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3ng M\u1ea1c… Qu\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 du v\u1edbi to\u00e1n thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi \u201cho\u1ea3 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u00fang l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t ph\u00e1 tan lu\u1ef9 gi\u1eb7c\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nam.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng trong th\u1eddi gian tranh ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 M\u1ea1c. M\u1ea1c cai tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 giao tranh l\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y s\u1eed quan nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f4ng, qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea \u00edt. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00e3nh ph\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u c\u0169 m\u00e0 M\u1ea1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ee9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng khoa c\u1eed m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ngh\u00e8 m\u1edbi. Con \u0110\u1ed7 Nh\u1ea1c b\u1ecb M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung gi\u1ebft v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u00f4ng n\u00e0y, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u00f4ng em thi \u0111\u1ed7 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi vua sau! M\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a L\u00ea, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 nu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc tri\u1ec1u c\u0169 c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u1ed9t khi tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi lung lay h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ec9nh Khi\u00eam nh\u1eafn l\u1eddi \u201cHo\u00e0nh S\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1i…\u201d cho Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 ba trong tranh ch\u1ea5p ngay t\u1eeb khi m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u01b0a l\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u khi v\u1eeba n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn \u0111em l\u1ea1i an b\u00ecnh cho x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. S\u1eed quan d\u00f9 c\u00f3 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh an ninh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 (1532) th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ef1c l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng: \u201c[N]g\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i tay kh\u00f4ng, ban \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 th\u1ea3 ch\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111em v\u1ec1, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng xem l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 khi sinh \u0111\u1ebb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 gia s\u00fac nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh. Trong kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a r\u01a1i, c\u1ed5ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp…\u201d Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn M\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5: t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1543, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t ru\u1ed9ng cho l\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 L\u00ea Trung h\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng mang gia binh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o n\u1eefa. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 gom quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 nu\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh an b\u00ecnh l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngay l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 L\u00ea kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u00e2y nam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 Minh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. C\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n th\u1ebf gia c\u1ee7a L\u00ea \u201cc\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m quan v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1m s\u1ed1ng,\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 mon men \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc m\u00e0 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, v\u00f9ng L\u00e0o Th\u00e1i, trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9c r\u01a1i r\u1edbt t\u1eeb x\u01b0a, hay b\u00e1m v\u00edu theo con ch\u00e1u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t qu\u1ef3 lu\u1ef5 r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng t\u1ea1m y\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p danh v\u1ecb \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u2013 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c, xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ti s\u1edf c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh: An Nam \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 ti m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0110\u0103ng Dung c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a vua Minh phong. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng gi\u1eefa m\u1edbi c\u0169 khi\u1ebfn cho M\u1ea1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Kinh \u1edf l\u00e0ng C\u1ed5 Trai qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb ngh\u1ecbch. M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1ea7n l\u00ean l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh bao qu\u00e1t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c may m\u1eafn nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n x\u01b0a tr\u00ean hai kinh \u0111\u00f4 Th\u0103ng Long v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vua t\u00f4i nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c c\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5p nh\u1ed5m ch\u1ea1y ra tr\u00fa \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh, l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 Kinh \u1ea4p t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Quan v\u0103n ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c thi c\u1eed tuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng d\u00e8m pha c\u00f4ng k\u00edch l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f5 quan t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ebft \u0111i (1541). M\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho binh l\u00ednh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m L\u00ea B\u00e1 Li g\u1ed1c Thanh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh, \u0111em nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng L\u00ea (1550) mang c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u1edbng, tuy c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf c\u1edd nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 l\u1edbn lao cho phe M\u1ea1c khi\u1ebfn vua M\u1ea1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng (1551). Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 ngay trong th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Chuy\u1ec7n tranh gi\u00e0nh k\u1ebf l\u1eadp 1547-1551 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u00eau linh \u0111\u1ea5t H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e2y lan \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111e do\u1ea1 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nghi\u00eang l\u1ec7ch chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. V\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u len l\u00e1ch trong thung l\u0169ng nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u00edt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u k\u0129. Qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh ra tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f3c l\u00faa nu\u00f4i qu\u00e2n (nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1560 \u1edf Kinh B\u1eafc, 1562 \u1edf S\u01a1n Nam, 1583 v\u1edbi Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00f9ng) nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Tr\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ec3m th\u1ea5y ra khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt. \u00d4ng chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00f2ng tr\u00ean r\u1eebng n\u00fai r\u1ed3i \u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Phan Huy Ch\u00fa nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh M\u1ea1c… m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ven n\u00fai, qu\u00e2n L\u00ea l\u00fac \u0111i l\u00fac v\u1ec1 trong kho\u1ea3ng 60 n\u0103m.\u201d Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xoay chi\u1ec1u. Theo v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ecbnh C\u1ed1i l\u00e0m Thanh Ho\u00e1 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, M\u1ea1c c\u00f2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau n\u1eefa, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n ch\u00faa B\u1ea7u ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi vi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i ba M\u1ea1c K\u00ednh \u0110i\u1ec3n m\u1ea5t \u0111i (1580). Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, l\u1edbp \u201cnho th\u1ea7n Giang \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a qua thi c\u1eed tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. V\u1edbi h\u1ecd, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u201cxin b\u1ecf c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng h\u1ecd vua\u201d \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i lo an ninh c\u1ee7a vua M\u1ea1c. Nh\u00f3m v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i sau khi L\u00ea B\u00e1 Li b\u1ecf \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean th\u00e2n: Ph\u1ea1m Dao b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft (1562) v\u00ec M\u1ea1c M\u1eadu H\u1ee3p \u201cng\u1edd c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c.\u201d R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u201ck\u1ebf s\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f5 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi v\u0103n, t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f5 c\u00f9ng m\u01b0u v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n\u201d cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd d\u00e8m pha, m\u00f3c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Quy\u1ec7n, vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u0103m 1576 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t \u201cv\u00f9ng Giang \u0110\u00f4ng.\u201d Phe v\u0103n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c M\u1ea1c M\u1eadu H\u1ee3p d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Kinh \u1ea4p mang t\u00ednh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0o \u1edf h\u1eb3n b\u00ean trong th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh cho c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh sang c\u1ea3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 M\u1ea1c co c\u1ee5m, \u0111\u1eafp lu\u1ef9 v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i ph\u00eda xa \u1edf s\u00f4ng H\u00e1t r\u1ed3i thu v\u00e0o, x\u00e2y th\u00eam ba l\u1edbp lu\u1ef9 ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i La. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea chi\u1ebfm \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh (1592-1593), xua h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t danh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c trong h\u01a1n 60 n\u0103m th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n gi\u1eef hai l\u00f2ng ch\u01b0a quy ph\u1ee5c h\u1ebft.\u201d Cho n\u00ean th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u sau khi \u0111u\u1ed5i M\u1ea1c kh\u1ecfi kinh \u0111\u00f4, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i l\u00f4i vua L\u00ea ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Thanh Ho\u00e1, nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng 1600 l\u00fac h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n, c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n (B\u00f9i V\u0103n Khu\u00ea, Phan Ng\u1ea1n) tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi M\u1ea1c g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e1nh nhau t\u1ea1o d\u1ecbp cho Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng b\u1ecf v\u1ec1 Nam \u2013 hay trong cu\u1ed9c gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u00faa n\u0103m 1623. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u00faa c\u0169 c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u00fac thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u201cch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng\u201d kh\u00e1c: S\u00e1ch L\u0129nh Nam ch\u00edch qu\u00e1i<\/i> c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng quan tri\u1ec1u M\u1ea1c ung dung c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eafm c\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ef1a Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00f9ng, ch\u1ecbu ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 M\u1ea1c M\u1eadu H\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t! V\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Quy\u1ec7n, tuy b\u1ecb d\u00e8m pha trong tri\u1ec1u M\u1ea1c, khi th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng Tr\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0a cho vua c\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd l\u00e1nh xa. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u00f3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u201cph\u00f9 M\u1ea1c\u201d c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1edbp th\u1eddi c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u, v\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean s\u00fay, qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng, qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng… n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ngay ch\u00ednh \u1edf h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea. V\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng, ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n trong t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1n, khi\u1ebfn ngay v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn: \u201cqu\u1eadn\u201d Thu\u1ef5, \u201cqu\u1eadn\u201d Qu\u1ef3nh (1598)… Danh v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m v\u1ec1 sau v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp: Qu\u1eadn H\u1ebbo (Nguy\u1ec5n Danh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng), Qu\u1eadn He (Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu C\u1ea7u). V\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX th\u00ec c\u00e0ng g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n: h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c quan v\u00f5 \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea1n X, Qu\u1eadn Y tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ean h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng tranh ch\u1ea5p tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean cao<\/h4>\n

Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00e0n s\u00e1t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111i\u1ec3m: Qu\u00e2n M\u1ea1c \u201cch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, x\u00e1c ngh\u1ebdn c\u1ea3 s\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0 m\u00e1u… m\u1ea5y v\u1ea1n ch\u1ebft g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft,\u201d qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh \u201cs\u0129 t\u1ed1t c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda.\u201d D\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khoa \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan theo t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed5ng h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xa v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ngay l\u00fac xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u00ec c\u0169ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i sau tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn x\u00e9t theo th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi s\u01a1 s\u00e0i: \u201cl\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i,\u201d \u201c\u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m,\u201d \u201cxi\u00eau t\u00e1n\u201d \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft gh\u00ea g\u1edbm h\u01a1n: \u201cD\u00e2n H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n th\u1ecbt l\u1eabn nhau.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho bi\u1ebft n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng sinh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cu\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 60 n\u0103m. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i to\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n tranh chi\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfn ta kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong v\u00f9ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh cho bi\u1ebft hai s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111i ph\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda nam. \u0110\u1ea5t Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea n\u1eb1m cho\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 L\u00e0o h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nam b\u1eafc, bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n ra xa v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ta t\u00ednh th\u00eam v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00f9ng ch\u00faa B\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u01b0 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn qua chi\u1ebfm Malacca (1511), \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u00e1i, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o M\u00e3 Lai, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (1521-1557). H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1540. S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng k\u00edch th\u00edch n\u1ec1n giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng g\u1ed1m, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 g\u1ed1m Chu \u0110\u1eadu ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m G\u00f2 S\u00e0nh tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng suy s\u1ee5p t\u1eeb tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn 1471. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb n\u01a1i s\u1eed quan nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ng\u01a1i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u00ean c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi M\u1ea1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00ecnh L\u1ed7 H\u1ea1nh 1576, bia \u0111\u00ecnh Ngh\u00eanh Ph\u00fac 1591), sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, \u0111em ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0o n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi M\u1ea1c c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u1edf t\u1eebng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean, gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua vi\u1ec7c vua quan, n\u1ed9i cung t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd Quan \u00c2m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t, tr\u00f9ng tu c\u00e1c \u201cch\u00f9a\u201d B\u00e0 Banh \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean hi\u1ec1n ho\u00e0 h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ecm l\u1eafng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda Nam v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh con ng\u1ef1a Balaha, Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean th\u1ea7n B\u1ea1ch M\u00e3 Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1m l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh phong thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Long \u0110\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u0103ng Long r\u01a1i r\u1edbt t\u1eeb th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c… R\u1ed3i c\u0169ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y manh nha m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i linh th\u1ea7n n\u1eef s\u1ebd lan tr\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau nh\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn tranh lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n tai d\u1ecbch hung d\u1eef \u2013 th\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 sinh ra v\u1edbi ni\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn: 1557, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb t\u1eeb gia ph\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111em g\u1eedi g\u1eafm v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch h\u1eadu th\u1ea7n, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 qua th\u1eddi gian theo m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 kia. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n n\u1eef, c\u00f3 l\u00fac mang d\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt \u2013 Quan \u00c2m, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng shaman r\u1eebng n\u00fai, l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd c\u00fang v\u1edbi nghi l\u1ec5 ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n, ph\u1ee7 c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u mon men v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t. Theo Th\u00e1nh d\u1ee5 1493 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Alexandre VI ph\u00e2n chia ph\u1ea7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho B\u1ed3, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 sang ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i tr\u00ean t\u00e0u B\u1ed3, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ebfn \u1edf Lisbonne, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd to\u1ea3 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t hay tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y trong th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb truy b\u1ee9c, xua \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u qua tay c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n B\u1ed3. D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 m\u00e0 s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t ghi l\u00e0 I-n\u00ea-xu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean d\u1ea1ng Ignatio, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1533. Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 H\u01b0ng Vi\u1ec5n, c\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111i theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng to r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p trong \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea s\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee3 b\u00faa, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ngay t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-4113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4113"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71665,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4113\/revisions\/71665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}