{"id":40787,"date":"2016-01-13T01:09:00","date_gmt":"2016-01-13T01:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=40787"},"modified":"2019-02-27T04:29:01","modified_gmt":"2019-02-27T04:29:01","slug":"doc-mot-bai-tho-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/40787\/doc-mot-bai-tho-nhu-the-nao","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1eccC M\u1ed8T BÀI TH\u01a0 NH\u01af TH\u1ebe NÀO"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

L\u1eddi D\u1eabn:<\/b> <\/p>\n

Ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa C\u00e1nh Bu\u1ed3m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea1m To\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00fang t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn cho h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i "\u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1". Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y, tuy vi\u1ebft cho h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01a1 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01a1 ca. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1m \u01a1n nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. K\u00ednh mong s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p \u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3.<\/i> <\/p>\n

N\u0110T<\/i> <\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef<\/u> <\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp N\u0103m, c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y g\u1ecdi l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecdc cho c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n T\u00e2m H\u1ed3n Cao Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch H\u00e0 Mai Anh, nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c Edmond De Amicis. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1eddi \u1ea5y. Gi\u1edd \u00e1m t\u1ea3, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 l\u1eafng nghe, ch\u00e9p l\u00ean gi\u1ea5y. N\u0103m cu\u1ed1i b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thi v\u00e0o trung h\u1ecdc, n\u00ean b\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eebng c\u00e2u, d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y d\u1eebng ng\u1eafn, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m d\u1eebng d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n. Khi th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i lu\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eef n\u1ecd x\u1ecd ch\u1eef kia, th\u1ea7y b\u1eaft d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean: em h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i. <\/p>\n

S\u00e1ng nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n anh Gar\u00f4n\u00ea.
Gi\u1edd v\u00e0o l\u1edbp, \u00f4ng Perb\u00f4ni ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5y, ba b\u1ed1n c\u1eadu \u0111ang thi nhau ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u anh Cr\u00f4txi kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1eadu b\u00e9 t\u00f3c v\u00e0ng, tay li\u1ec7t, con b\u00e0 b\u00e1n hoa qu\u1ea3. H\u1ecd l\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eadu, l\u1ea5y v\u1ecf h\u1ea1t d\u1ebb n\u00e9m c\u1eadu, h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi c\u1eadu l\u00e0 con qu\u1ec9 qu\u00e8 v\u00e0 m\u1ebfu m\u00e1o gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u1ec7t tay. Ng\u1ed3i tr\u01a1 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u gh\u1ebf, c\u1eadu th\u1eb9n th\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 van l\u01a1n h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3, b\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0. C\u1eadu ph\u1eabn u\u1ea5t qu\u00e1, m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t run ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh, Phranti, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u1eb7t x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 kh\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean gh\u1ebf, khu\u1ef3nh hai c\u00e1nh tay nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u00e1c hai c\u00e1i gi\u1ecf, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch m\u1eb9 c\u1eadu Cr\u00f4txi nh\u1eefng khi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee3i con \u1edf c\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1eddng. (\u0110\u00e3 m\u1ea5y h\u00f4m nay, b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3n con v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u1ed1m). Coi t\u1ea5n tu\u1ed3ng c\u00e2m \u1ea5y, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea7m c\u1ea3 l\u00ean. Cr\u00f4txi \u0111i\u00ean ti\u1ebft, v\u1ed3 ngay l\u1ecd m\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t n\u00e9m Phranti, Phranti n\u00e9 m\u00ecnh, l\u1ecd m\u1ef1c tr\u00fang gi\u1eefa ng\u1ef1c \u00f4ng Perb\u00f4ni \u1edf ngo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o.
M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft v\u00eda, ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i im thin th\u00edt.
Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00ean b\u1ee5c cau m\u00e0y h\u1ecfi :
– Ai n\u00e9m l\u1ecd m\u1ef1c ?
Ch\u1eb3ng ai h\u00e9 r\u0103ng.<\/i> <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u1ea5y. Sau n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0o, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hay sinh ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat m\u00e1y, b\u00fat ch\u00ec, hay m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m, d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 c\u00e0ng th\u1ebf. V\u00ec th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef quy \u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u tu t\u1eeb, \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f4i khi gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. <\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng: <\/p>\n

L\u00e2m tri ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169 ch\u00e0ng c\u00f2n nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Nguy\u1ec5n Du) <\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e2u \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u00e0: anh c\u00f2n nh\u1edb h\u1ed3i x\u01b0a m\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p nhau \u1edf L\u00e2m tri kh\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 trong ti\u1ec7m ph\u1edf 88? <\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb: <\/p>\n

Qu\u00e2y qu\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u<\/i> <\/p>\n

(\u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ed3) <\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung: <\/p>\n

M\u1ea1nh gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng em g\u00e1i n\u1eef sinh<\/i> <\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i n\u00e0y \u0111i h\u1ecdc ch\u1eafc \u00edt b\u1ecb t\u1ee5i con trai n\u00f3 ph\u00e1<\/i> <\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Nguy\u00ean Sa \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00e0 "t\u1ee5i con trai" ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u00ednh h\u1ebft, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1 r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n. <\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3n t\u00edch: <\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eef b\u1ea5t tri vong qu\u1ed1c h\u1eadn<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch giang do x\u01b0\u1edbng H\u1eadu \u0111\u00ecnh hoa<\/i> <\/p>\n

(\u0110\u1ed7 M\u1ee5c, B\u1ea1c T\u1ea7n ho\u00e0i) <\/p>\n

G\u00e1i ca kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u00f9 nh\u00e0<\/i> <\/p>\n

B\u00ean s\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00e1t kh\u00fac ca H\u1eadu \u0111\u00ecnh<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim d\u1ecbch) <\/p>\n

Kh\u00fac H\u1eadu \u0111\u00ecnh do Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eadu Ch\u1ee7 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c; \u00f4ng vua v\u00ec ham vui ch\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vui ch\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m vua, s\u1eafp m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn vui ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u1ed9i. <\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ch\u1eef \u1ea5y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m, ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u01a1 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf ch\u1eef, ngh\u0129a. V\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp hay h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1eadp m\u1edd, h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf suy ngh\u0129 lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n, h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t. \u0110\u1ecdc h\u01a1i v\u0103n, bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch. Trong khi t\u1eadp trung r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129. <\/p>\n

Qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 xa l\u1eafc xa l\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i tha h\u1ed3 m\u00e2y tr\u1eafng bay<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh) <\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef xa l\u1eafc xa l\u01a1<\/i> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef xa<\/i> l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, hai ch\u1eef l\u1eafc<\/i> v\u00e0 l\u01a1<\/i> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang th\u00ec ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef xa <\/i>c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. <\/p>\n

Nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i hay, b\u1ea1n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay, b\u1ea1n vui s\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1t l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m, ra \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m m\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u0103n, m\u1eb7c, \u1edf. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u01b0u sinh, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 trong sinh ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, ti\u1ebfng Anh, Ph\u00e1p, Nga, Hoa, b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y. <\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u01a1 v\u0103n ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef, v\u00ec v\u1eady nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh g\u00ec c\u1ea3. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u1ebb x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cho s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n linh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ai h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ai c\u1ea3. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed h\u00f3a hay g\u1eb7p \u1edf nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 \u00edt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. <\/p>\n

I understand English<\/i> <\/p>\n

This poem is written in English<\/i> <\/p>\n

I have no idea what this poem is saying<\/i> <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/i> <\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/i> <\/p>\n

V\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i chi<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Billy Collins) <\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u00edch th\u00fa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1eeba l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1edf th\u00edch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01a1i d\u1eady d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ra \u0111\u1eddi b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u1ea5y, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb h\u1ebft. L\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e0i T\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh: t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i \u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, th\u00f4n \u0110o\u00e0i ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u00f4n n\u00e0o. Ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn th\u00edch c\u00e2u: <\/p>\n

Th\u00f4n \u0110o\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i nh\u1edb th\u00f4n \u0110\u00f4ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn nh\u1edb m\u01b0\u1eddi mong m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i> <\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, c\u00f4 g\u00e1i trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, \u0111ang \u1edf Paris qu\u1eadn 13 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, gi\u00e0 m\u00f3m m\u00e9m nhai tr\u1ea7u, ngay th\u1ebf \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u th\u01a1, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed hay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u00f3a th\u01a1 ca, c\u00f2n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n cho h\u1ecdc sinh: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o c\u0169ng k\u00e8m theo t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t. Th\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 b\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec thi h\u1ecfng, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m cao. Ra \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng ai cho \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa: b\u1ea1n tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1, m\u1eebng h\u1ebft l\u1edbn. <\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, nh\u01b0 \u1ed5 kh\u00f3a c\u1eeda, b\u1ea5m m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ee9 ba, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf b\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n cho n\u00f3 hay th\u00ec n\u00f3 hay, b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 d\u1edf th\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1edf, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3; th\u1eadt ra, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec d\u1ec5. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u00f4n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hay tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. Th\u01a1 v\u1eeba nghi\u00eam trang v\u1eeba ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 san s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u00fat, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi. C\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay, ngay c\u1ea3 th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd c\u00e2u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u. <\/p>\n

Em kh\u00f4ng nghe m\u00f9a thu<\/i> <\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u0103ng m\u1edd th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c?<\/i> <\/p>\n

(L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0, Ti\u1ebfng Thu) <\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e2u \u1ea5y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y: b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nghe ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nghe l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1o nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u1ea5y ra, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00e1o c\u00e1i m\u00e1y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m khi th\u00e1o m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng n\u00f3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. May thay, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n th\u00e1o ra v\u00e0 l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n th\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00fang hay sai. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. Hai c\u00e2u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng th\u01a1 c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111i v\u1edbi nhau, m\u00f9a <\/i>\u0111i v\u1edbi m\u1edd, thu<\/i> \u0111i v\u1edbi th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c, <\/i>th\u1eadm ch\u00ed em <\/i>\u0111i v\u1edbi nghe, kh\u00f4ng <\/i>\u0111i v\u1edbi tr\u0103ng.<\/i> C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u01a1u nai, chinh ph\u1ee5, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1nh l\u00f2ng, k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m d\u1ed3n v\u1ec1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang m\u1ea1ch x\u00fac c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay l\u00ean v\u00ec nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngo\u00e0i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. <\/p>\n

M\u00f9a thu, l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng, nai, trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i>. M\u1ea1ch x\u00fac c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfng Thu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. <\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1<\/u> <\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1edbn l\u00ean khi g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra sao, c\u00f3 \u00edch cho ai kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n v\u1ee9t h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y \u0111i, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3. <\/p>\n

Tr\u0103ng:<\/b> <\/p>\n

Trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u00eam \u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103ng qu\u00e1,
\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i.
T\u00f4i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau qua nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eb9.
Im l\u00ecm, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i n\u0103ng chi.
B\u00e2ng khu\u00e2ng ch\u00e2n ti\u1ebfc gi\u1eadm l\u00ean v\u00e0ng,
T\u00f4i s\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng d\u1eady vang,
Ng\u01a1 ng\u00e1c hoa duy\u00ean c\u00f2n n\u00fap l\u00e1,
V\u00e0 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ee1 nh\u1ecbp tr\u0103ng \u0111ang
D\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e0n nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh t\u01a1 xanh,
Cho gi\u00f3 du d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa c\u00e0nh;
Cho gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m bu\u1ed3n, th\u00f4i n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng
Linh h\u1ed3n y\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam thanh.
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u01a1,
L\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa ni\u1ec1m \u00eam ch\u1eb3ng b\u1ebfn b\u1edd.
Tr\u0103ng s\u00e1ng, tr\u0103ng xa, tr\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1!
Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng b\u1edbt b\u01a1 v\u01a1.<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u) <\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp \u0110\u1ec7 Ng\u0169, t\u1ee9c l\u1edbp T\u00e1m ng\u00e0y nay, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng. V\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 c\u1ea3. <\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, b\u1ea1n nghe v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n m\u1edbi nh\u1edb h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ca t\u1eeb, giai \u0111i\u1ec7u; c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n nghe \u1ea5y c\u00f3 khi trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, c\u00f3 khi c\u00e1ch nhau n\u0103m, m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ng\u00e2m th\u01a1. B\u1ea1n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u, cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u, hi\u1ec7p v\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef hi\u1ec7p v\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1edbt qua, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u qu\u00e1. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n t\u00f4i nghe m\u1ed9t ca s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u00e2m th\u01a1, c\u00f4 ng\u00e2m hay, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n hay nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00f4 th\u00edch, l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1eef hi\u1ec7p v\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, tr\u1ecdn ti\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 kia, s\u1ebd g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u00e0u m\u00e8 hay gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. M\u00e0u m\u00e8 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. <\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa: <\/p>\n

L’Adieu <\/b><\/p>\n

J’ai cueilli ce brin de bruy\u00e8re
L’automne est morte souviens-t’en
Nous ne nous verrons plus sur terre
Odeur du temps brin de bruy\u00e8re
Et souviens-toi que je t’attends <\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng: <\/p>\n

L\u1eddi V\u0129nh Bi\u1ec7t
<\/i><\/p>\n

Ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e1i nh\u00e0nh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea3o
Em nh\u1edb cho m\u00f9a thu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i
Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tao ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa
M\u1ed9ng tr\u00f9ng lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi
H\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00f9i th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea3o b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i
V\u00e0 nh\u1edb nh\u00e9 ta \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1edd em \u0111\u00f3<\/i> <\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 mang theo ch\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1edbn, b\u1ea1n l\u1eafng nghe ch\u00ednh gi\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh c\u00e1c ch\u1eef, nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef xem ra hay h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c, ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111a \u00e2m, b\u1ea1n ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eebng \u00e2m ti\u1ebft. Khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918). <\/i><\/p>\n

3.\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u01a1<\/u> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u01a1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u00edch. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/p>\n

– Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Emily Dickinson: "N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i l\u1ea1nh th\u1ea5u x\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda n\u00e0o s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3, t\u00f4i li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca." <\/p>\n

– Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 William Wordsworth g\u1ecdi th\u01a1 l\u00e0 "d\u00f2ng tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00f4 b\u1edd." <\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1eadt ra, th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, trong khi \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u01a1, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn r\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh: c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng<\/i>, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd; c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh<\/i>; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sao cho t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1eef t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n<\/i> t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1eef. <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y, tuy v\u1eady, l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e8o C\u1ea3!<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e8o C\u1ea3!<\/i> <\/p>\n

N\u00fai cao ng\u00fat!<\/i> <\/p>\n

M\u00e2y tr\u1eddi Ai lao s\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng!<\/i> <\/p>\n

(H\u1eefu Loan) <\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u0110\u00e8o C\u1ea3!<\/i> v\u00e0o, th\u00e0nh ba, hay r\u00fat b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi r\u00fat ng\u1eafn, c\u00e2u th\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5t l\u1ee7n, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8o hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf. Khi n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i, c\u00e2u th\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00f9ng d\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, th\u1eeba th\u00e3i. S\u1ef1 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u1edf, \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby hi\u1ec7n nay, th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y: ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef k\u00e9m. <\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf c\u00f2n c\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00e2y? <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8o, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8o, l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8o<\/i> <\/p>\n

(H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng) <\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi H\u1eefu Loan. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh d\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e8o C\u1ea3, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp h\u1ed3n n\u00e0y: <\/p>\n

D\u1eb7m v\u1ec1 heo h\u00fat<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1 Bia m\u00f9 s\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

N\u00fai \u0110\u00e1 Bia c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8o C\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m, nh\u01b0 bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u00f9 s\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e8o C\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, n\u00fai \u0110\u00e1 Bia l\u00e0 n\u00fai g\u00ec, c\u00f3 g\u00ec hay ho \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba. <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc? \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1i m\u00e0 x\u01b0a nay b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 theo \u0111u\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c m\u00ea t\u00edn. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eebng b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1, hay nghe th\u01a1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hay \u0111\u00e1p s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea d\u1edf c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khen hay. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 lo \u00e2u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 c\u0169ng t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 thao, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e2n c\u1ecf, s\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i mang gi\u00e0y v\u00e0o, tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u0103n \u0111i d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n, c\u00e2y g\u1eady ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m ch\u1eb7t trong tay b\u1ea1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u00fa vui, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi ch\u1ea1y theo tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4 khan c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean, m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ng\u1ee7 g\u1eadt khi nghe ch\u00fang trong ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch bi\u1ebft bao. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e0ng n\u1eafm v\u1eefng lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng ch\u01a1i gi\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng ch\u01a1i gi\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng n\u1eafm v\u1eefng lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00fa vui kh\u00e1c, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh h\u01a1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c hay l\u00e0m ra ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u01a1i b\u00f3ng hay, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e9 x\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i, ng\u00e3 bong g\u00e2n, tay ch\u00e2n b\u1ea7m t\u00edm. Kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang m\u00e3i. <\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, dung th\u1ee9, l\u1eddi xin l\u1ed7i, l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, l\u00f2ng h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u0129 v\u00e3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n ph\u00fat ch\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1 nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 xong. <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01a1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3. Trong khi \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u01a1, th\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ea5y. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ca dao: <\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfc thay c\u00e2y qu\u1ebf gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 cho th\u1eb1ng m\u00e1n th\u1eb1ng m\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3 leo<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u01a1: <\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfc thay c\u00e2y qu\u1ebf gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng<\/i> <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1m tho ai bi\u1ebft, l\u1eaby l\u1eebng ai hay (*)<\/i> <\/p>\n

4. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong th\u01a1<\/u> <\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. C\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f2n v\u00ec gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ch\u1ecbu thua anh. <\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00f9y theo gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam trang, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm. <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hay t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eef l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u01a1. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0n, s\u00e1o, k\u00e8n, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, m\u1ef1c, ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u, v\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, tuy nhi\u00ean khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau: kim gi\u1edd kh\u00e1c kim ph\u00fat, b\u00e1nh xe kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u00e2y c\u00f3t. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u00ec kh\u00e1c: b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. <\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong th\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn hay s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 d\u1edf nh\u1eadn<\/i> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c ch\u00fang d\u00f2 r\u1ec9 tan t\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y k\u00e9m, t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u x\u0103ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y \u00ec \u1ea1ch, x\u1ea3 kh\u00f3i \u0111en m\u00f9 tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 d\u1edf, th\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi nay c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng qua tay nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp <\/i>kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh. <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 ca l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t<\/i> c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. <\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai: ngh\u0129a \u0111en, nh\u01b0 trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c, v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c. C\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ebfp suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. <\/p>\n

Ph\u00e9p tu t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 khai tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00fa b\u00f9a m\u00ea. <\/p>\n

Em v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea5n, t\u00f4 son l\u1ea1i<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ng\u1ea1o v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n gian m\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i> <\/p>\n

Thi s\u0129 Th\u00e1i Can kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 son ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed. Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: n\u00f3ng t\u00ednh<\/i>, <\/i>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1<\/i>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, l\u00ean m\u00e2y<\/i>, \u00fd n\u00f3i sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eef n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng theo ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1. <\/p>\n

Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng b\u0103m b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e8n, sao kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nam Tr\u00e2n t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh Hu\u1ebf m\u00f9a h\u00e8. S\u1ee3 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng, thi s\u0129 c\u00f2n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ch\u00fa th\u00edch: b\u0103m b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9<\/i>. Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ngh\u0129a \u0111en hay ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n

Hoa t\u1eb7ng v\u1eeba t\u00e0n b\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i> <\/p>\n

T\u00ecm ch\u00e0ng b\u1ed7ng v\u1eafng, b\u00f3ng ch\u00e0ng xa<\/i> <\/p>\n

Trong hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a J. Leiba, b\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u00f4ng hoa th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm, v\u00ec h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb1ng sau quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. B\u00f4ng hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y xu\u00e2n, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, s\u1ef1 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u1ea7n l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef thi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn v\u1ea1n ho\u00e1. L\u1ed1i n\u00f3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i hay th\u1eadm x\u01b0ng: <\/p>\n

\u00d4i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u<\/i> <\/p>\n

D\u00e2y th\u00e9p gai \u0111\u00e2m n\u00e1t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ec1u<\/i> <\/p>\n

( Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi) <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. C\u00e1ch n\u00f3i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng hay g\u1eb7p trong th\u01a1 si\u00eau th\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p. <\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 nhau. N\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn, hay Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. C\u00e1c ch\u1eef l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a cho ch\u00fang, theo nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p (syntax). Trong khi tu\u00e2n theo l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 do kh\u00e1c nhau, trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi cho c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eef trong th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o th\u01a1 m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e2u th\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00e2y: <\/p>\n

Ta m\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1eddi hay trong m\u1ed9ng?<\/i> <\/p>\n

V\u00f9ng c\u00fac b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

(L\u01b0u Tr\u1ecdng L\u01b0) <\/p>\n

L\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi so s\u00e1nh th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t trung \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u01a1 m\u1edbi, th\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, v\u1ec1 sau d\u00e0nh cho tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u01a1 ca ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u to l\u1edbn, v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, linh thi\u00eang, th\u01a1 ca ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00e0ng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng l\u00f3ng, th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c, c\u00e0ng gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eef trong th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. <\/p>\n

5. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong th\u01a1<\/u> <\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ch\u1eef, ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1c quan, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, tuy v\u1eady h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1m tay, ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, nghe ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3n qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00e3i, t\u01b0\u01a1i vui, nh\u1edd ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a Huy C\u1eadn: <\/p>\n

C\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i em qu\u1eaby tr\u0103ng v\u00e0ng ch\u00f3e<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00eam th\u1edf, sao l\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1 Long<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea5y. <\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef trong th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 th\u01a1. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p, so s\u00e1nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u: ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. <\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i kia. Ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh: <\/p>\n

Hai ta nh\u01b0 sen m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 c\u00fac m\u00f9a thu<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3ng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m nh\u00e3n<\/i> <\/p>\n

Em theo chim em \u0111i v\u1ec1 th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m<\/i> <\/p>\n

Anh theo chim \u0111i v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u00e1ng ba qua.<\/i> <\/p>\n

(T\u1ebf Hanh) <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (hai ta) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (sen m\u00f9a h\u1ea1, c\u00fac m\u00f9a thu). C\u00e1c c\u00e2u so s\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 <\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. <\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3: <\/p>\n

It pleure dans mon ceour<\/i> <\/p>\n

Comme il pleut sur la ville<\/i> <\/p>\n

( Paul Verlaine) <\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh ng\u1ea7m. <\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef kh\u00f3 d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa pleure<\/i> (pleurer) l\u00e0 kh\u00f3c v\u00e0 pleut<\/i> (pleuvoir) l\u00e0 m\u01b0a. <\/p>\n

M\u01b0a kh\u00f3c trong l\u00f2ng t\u00f4i<\/i> <\/p>\n

M\u01b0a r\u01a1i ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ed1 v\u1eafng<\/i> <\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n so s\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. S\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0m \u00fd so s\u00e1nh. <\/p>\n

Nh\u1edb c\u1ea3nh s\u01a1n l\u00e2m b\u00f3ng c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y gi\u00e0<\/i> <\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng gi\u00f3 g\u00e0o ng\u00e0n v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e9t n\u00fai<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf L\u1eef trong b\u00e0i Nh\u1edb R\u1eebng t\u1ea3 con h\u1ed5 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn b\u00e1ch th\u00fa, l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, ngo\u00e0i con v\u1eadt \u1ea5y: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00f9 ng\u1ee5c, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c, gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. <\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ph\u00e1p, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1. <\/p>\n

La M\u00eame Voix, Toujours <\/p>\n

Je suis comme le pain que tu rompras,<\/i> <\/p>\n

Comme le feu que tu feras, comme l’eau pure<\/i> <\/p>\n

Qui t’accompagnera sur la terre des morts.<\/i> <\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Comme l’ecume<\/i> <\/p>\n

Qui a muri pour toi la lumi\u00e8re et le port.<\/i> <\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Comme l’oiseau du soir, qui efface les rives,<\/i> <\/p>\n

Comme le vent du soir soudain plus brusque et froid.<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Yves Bonnefoy) <\/p>\n

Anh nh\u01b0 m\u1ea9u b\u00e1nh m\u00ec em b\u1ebb \u0103n<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda em nhen, nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t<\/i> <\/p>\n

S\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y c\u00f9ng em tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t<\/i> <\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Anh s\u1ebd v\u00ec em nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

Tung ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecf r\u00e1ng chi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng v\u1ecbnh<\/i> <\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 chim ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n b\u00f4i x\u00f3a b\u00e3i b\u1edd<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, th\u1ed5i g\u00e0o, l\u1ea1nh bu\u1ed1t.<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 haiku Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Trung Hoa, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: <\/p>\n

The apparition of these faces in the crowd;<\/i> <\/p>\n

Petals on a wet, black bough<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t b\u1ed7ng hi\u1ec7n ra trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ee5 b\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y \u0111en, \u01b0\u1edbt<\/i> <\/p>\n

(E. Pound, In a Station of the Metro) <\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1m g\u1ea1o, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u00e1t c\u01a1m t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 no \u0111\u1ee7. B\u1eefa \u0103n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eefa c\u01a1m, m\u1eddi ti\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eddi c\u01a1m. C\u01a1m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf B\u1eafc Canada c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tuy\u1ebft, trong khi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ef1 Do ch\u1ea1y th\u1eb3ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c anh \u0111i v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00fang hai m\u01b0\u01a1i<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Qu\u00e1ch Tho\u1ea1i) <\/p>\n

T\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0<\/i> c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y<\/i>. <\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 hai c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. M\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Mary Oliver d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi si\u00eau h\u00ecnh: <\/i><\/p>\n

Is the soul solid, like iron?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Or is it tender and breakable, like<\/i> <\/p>\n

the wings of a moth in the beak of the owl?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Who has it, and who doesn’t?<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed3n ta b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft<\/i> <\/p>\n

Hay m\u1ec1m, d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1, t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 <\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1nh m\u1ed1i kia trong m\u1ecf chim c\u00fa nh\u1ecdn ho\u1eaft <\/i><\/p>\n

Ai c\u00f3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, ai kh\u00f4ng?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Trong khi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u00e0i th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c, tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, l\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c ch\u1eef. Ch\u1eef mang l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin, trong khi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u0103ng hoa c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi t\u1ee9. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong th\u01a1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00e3i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 sau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng. <\/p>\n

6. Gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u trong th\u01a1<\/u> <\/p>\n

Trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0 khi b\u1ea1n l\u00ean gi\u1ecdng, g\u1eaft g\u1ecfng, hay khi b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i th\u1ea7m, ngh\u0129a s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda, khi l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p, l\u00fac gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. C\u00f3 khi gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean quay l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3ng s\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1edd h\u1eefng. T\u00ednh \u00edch k\u1ef7 hay v\u00f4 t\u00e2m c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n ra l\u00fac b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng vang. <\/p>\n

Gi\u1ecdng h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc: <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi \u00f4, \u00f4 m\u1ea5t bao gi\u1edd<\/i> <\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi em em c\u1ee9 \u1ee1m \u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0a<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ebf X\u01b0\u01a1ng) <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc hay ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfng Anh, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, so v\u1edbi th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n u m\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. <\/p>\n

Gi\u1ecdng khinh b\u1ea1c: <\/p>\n

H\u1edbt t\u00f3c c\u1ea1o r\u00e2u l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ba ng\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng to<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1eafc S\u01a1n) <\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t: <\/p>\n

Th\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3<\/i> <\/p>\n

U\u1ed1ng say m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n \u01a1i<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh) <\/p>\n

D\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0 th\u1ea3: <\/p>\n

Con m\u1eaft \u1ea5y v\u00ec sao em kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i
L\u00e0n mi kia em th\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean nh\u00ecn
V\u00f2ng tay \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 c\u00e0nh xu\u00e2n th\u01a1 d\u1ea1i
Ng\u00f3n la \u0111\u00e0 sao ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0a tin<\/i> <\/p>\n

(B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng) <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u1edf c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u1eafp, hay m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb suy ngh\u0129 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3. <\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t T\u1ea3n \u0110\u00e0: <\/p>\n

T\u1eeb v\u00e0o thu \u0111\u1ebfn nay,<\/i> <\/p>\n

Gi\u00f3 thu hiu h\u1eaft,<\/i> <\/p>\n

S\u01b0\u01a1ng thu l\u1ea1nh,<\/i> <\/p>\n

Tr\u0103ng thu b\u1ea1ch,<\/i> <\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3i thu x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh<\/i> <\/p>\n

L\u00e1 thu r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y gh\u1ec1nh,<\/i> <\/p>\n

S\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0a l\u00e1 bao ng\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7t ly.<\/i> <\/p>\n

Gi\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh t\u1ee9, say \u0111\u1eafm. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3: <\/p>\n

C\u0169ng ph\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n \u0103n c\u1eafp,<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u0169ng l\u0169 t\u00e0n d\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1i d\u00e2n.<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a, s\u1ef1 khinh mi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i, tham nh\u0169ng, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c. <\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u1ea5y. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n hay k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u: <\/p>\n

D\u1eady! D\u1eady! D\u1eady!<\/i> <\/p>\n

B\u00ean \u00e1n m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 v\u1eeba g\u00e1y,<\/i> <\/p>\n

Chim tr\u00ean c\u00e2y li\u1ec1n ng\u1ecf \u00fd ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng.<\/i> <\/p>\n

Xu\u00e2n \u01a1i xu\u00e2n, xu\u00e2n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft cho ch\u0103ng?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ai? V\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, v\u1edbi m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. <\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m tai h\u1ea1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. \u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0, th\u1ee9 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00ec trong khi vi\u1ebft, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb x\u00e2y c\u0103n nh\u00e0, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ban \u0111\u1ea7u. <\/p>\n

7. Nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1<\/u> <\/p>\n

Tr\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u00e2y cung nguy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh<\/i> <\/p>\n

Tr\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u0103ng nh\u1edb, h\u1ee1i tr\u0103ng ng\u1ea7n<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0n bu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u00e0n l\u1eb7ng, \u00f4i \u0111\u00e0n ch\u1eadm<\/i> <\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i gi\u1ecdt r\u01a1i t\u00e0n nh\u01b0 l\u1ec7 ng\u00e2n<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u) <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u hay nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn. V\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1, ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a, ta c\u00f2n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u, v\u00ec \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean c\u1edb l\u00e0m n\u00ean vui th\u00fa, khoan kho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ca kh\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay, ngay c\u1ea3 th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do, c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c ri\u00eang. S\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o hai lo\u1ea1i: s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p v\u1ea7n, l\u00ean b\u1ed5ng xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7m, du d\u01b0\u01a1ng; v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eef, nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhau, m\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i. Trong b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u th\u01a1 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01a1, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y nguy\u1ec7t c\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef, m\u1ed7i c\u1eb7p ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1eeba l\u1ea1 v\u1eeba quen, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m nga: nguy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e0n bu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u00e0n l\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u00e0n ch\u1eadm, r\u01a1i t\u00e0n, l\u1ec7 ng\u00e2n<\/i>. <\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1, l\u1eafng nghe k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c \u00e2m, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y v\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thanh l\u00e0 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u, nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u01a1. Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01a1n \u00e2m, v\u00ec v\u1eady d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u thanh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a. Trong ch\u1eef \u0111a<\/i> ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u0111a, \u0111\u00e0, \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea1, \u0111\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e3<\/i>, t\u00f9y theo d\u1ea5u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u n\u1eb7ng. Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. <\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3: \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vui th\u00fa c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. <\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. <\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n nay qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 vui th\u00fa, kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m. Th\u01a1 d\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra s\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u hoa m\u1ef9, d\u1eabn ra l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u00f4ng t\u00e2y b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc. <\/p>\n

Em m\u01a1 c\u00f9ng ta nh\u00e9<\/i> <\/p>\n

B\u00f3ng ng\u00e0y mai qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Quang D\u0169ng) <\/p>\n

V\u1eeba tho\u00e1ng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 m\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n, ai m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00f2ng quay \u0111i? <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m: s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea7n, s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m t\u1ea1o ra luy\u1ebfn l\u00e1y<\/i>. <\/p>\n

Ph\u1ed1 x\u00e1 x\u00f4n xao ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp<\/i> <\/p>\n

T\u00ecm em anh c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y em \u0111\u00e2u<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Lan S\u01a1n) <\/p>\n

Hai ch\u1eef x\u00f4n xao, nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp<\/i> m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 hai, g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n, l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb. <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 hay bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1ebfu \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng l\u00ean. T\u00f4i d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea3 tr\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn: <\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh c\u1edd anh g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1ea7ng tr\u0103ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda v\u1ea7ng tr\u0103ng th\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Ho\u00e0ng H\u1eefu) <\/p>\n

Th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p c\u00e1i xao xuy\u1ebfn do s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u g\u00e2y n\u00ean. M\u1ed9t n\u1eefa m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4i. <\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m th\u01a1 c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng v\u1ea7n. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ec9nh chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m d\u1eaft tay<\/i> <\/p>\n

Tr\u00f4ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00fat chim bay<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i) <\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tay ngh\u1ec1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u1edbi vi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng v\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea3 v\u1ea7n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Tuy v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u trong th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch: <\/p>\n

Ta nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa c\u00e1ch n\u00fai s\u00f4ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa xa l\u1eafm nh\u1edb ta kh\u00f4ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

(T\u00fa X\u01b0\u01a1ng) <\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 giao h\u00f2a v\u1edbi v\u0103n xu\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u01a1 xu\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, trong \u1ea5y ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u th\u01a1 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a, tuy nhi\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean, \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u0103n xu\u00f4i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 xu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 H\u00e0n M\u1eb7c T\u1eed trong t\u1eadp Ch\u01a1i Gi\u1eefa M\u00f9a Tr\u0103ng: <\/p>\n

" T\u00f4i run run khi t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129: Ch\u1ecb t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc n\u1eef, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3n ma, hay m\u1ed9t y\u00eau tinh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ph\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1ed9i reo l\u00ean: \u201cA ha, ch\u1ecb L\u1ec5 \u01a1i, ch\u1ecb l\u00e0 tr\u0103ng, m\u00e0 em \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u0103ng n\u1eefa!\u201d<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ng\u00f3 l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ecb t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i, th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u0103ng thi\u1ec7t."<\/i> <\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u trong th\u01a1 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i vui v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 hoan l\u1ea1c. N\u00f3 xuy\u00ean qua l\u1edbp v\u1ecf nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, v\u1ec9a t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0o s\u00e2u c\u00f5i v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c.<\/i> <\/p>\n

8. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a<\/u> <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong th\u01a1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u01a1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u00f4ng qua so s\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c \u1ea9n d\u1ee5. <\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eeb thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean: <\/p>\n

Con s\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng d\u1eb1ng con s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y<\/i> <\/p>\n

S\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng n\u00ean Hu\u1ebf r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Thu B\u1ed3n) <\/p>\n

Th\u00fa v\u1eadt: <\/p>\n

\u1ea2i B\u1eafc qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 kinh v\u00f3 ng\u1ef1a<\/i> <\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1p v\u00e0ng kh\u0103n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u voi<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Ng\u00e2n Giang) <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt v\u00f4 tri: <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi <\/i><\/p>\n

ta nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc g\u00e0u th\u1ea3 s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng gi\u1ebfng<\/i> <\/p>\n

c\u1ee9 va \u0111\u1eadp<\/i> <\/p>\n

va \u0111\u1eadp m\u00e3i v\u00e0o b\u1edd \u0111\u1ea5t<\/i> <\/p>\n

cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i<\/i> <\/p>\n

ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf<\/i> <\/p>\n

(\u00dd Nhi) <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft: <\/p>\n

At night the dead come down to the river to drink.<\/i> <\/p>\n

They unburden themselves of their fears,<\/i> <\/p>\n

Their worries for us.<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ban \u0111\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/i> <\/p>\n

H\u1ecd c\u1edfi h\u1ebft s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i,<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u00e2u lo m\u00e3i v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta.<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Susan Mitchell)<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hay \u00edt h\u01a1n t\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1edf nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau. <\/p>\n

\u1ede tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Paul Verlaine. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u01b0a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i d\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Hoa k\u1ef3, c\u00e1i d\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a. <\/p>\n

Umbrella <\/p>\n

I press a button,<\/i> <\/p>\n

and this black flower<\/i> <\/p>\n

with its warped pistil<\/i> <\/p>\n

broods over me<\/i> <\/p>\n

tears dripping from a dozen<\/i> <\/p>\n

silver stamens.<\/i> <\/p>\n

It catches water, this flower,<\/i> <\/p>\n

and sheds it,<\/i> <\/p>\n

consent to wilt in a closet<\/i> <\/p>\n

like some wrinkled mourner<\/i> <\/p>\n

between funerals.<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Duane Ackerson) <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat,<\/i> <\/p>\n

b\u00f4ng hoa m\u00e0u \u0111en<\/i> <\/p>\n

x\u00f2e ra, \u0111\u00e0i hoa li\u1ec1n cong l\u1ea1i<\/i> <\/p>\n

che ph\u1ee7 m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i<\/i> <\/p>\n

n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ec5u xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c nh\u1ecb hoa <\/i><\/p>\n

\u00f3ng \u00e1nh b\u1ea1c<\/i> <\/p>\n

N\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00f4ng hoa n\u00e0y<\/i> <\/p>\n

v\u00e0 h\u1eaft tung t\u00f3e ra<\/i> <\/p>\n

r\u1ed3i t\u00e0n \u00faa trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00e0<\/i> <\/p>\n

nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi go\u00e1 ph\u1ee5<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u1edf gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1m tang.<\/i> <\/p>\n

Hoa m\u00e0u \u0111en th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1eadp th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00f3 n\u1edf trong m\u01b0a v\u00e0 h\u00e9o \u00faa khi tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? Gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, n\u1eafng v\u00e0 m\u01b0a, vui bu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5t. Gi\u1eefa th\u1ed1ng h\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. <\/p>\n

<\/u><\/p>\n

9. C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u01a1<\/u> <\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ec3. Th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi th\u1ec3. <\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ch\u1eef, c\u00e1c v\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p v\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u, s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1, s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1. Ba lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ecbch hay k\u1ecbch th\u01a1. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca, th\u01a1 xu\u00f4i hay th\u01a1 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i. <\/p>\n

Trong khi ch\u1eef, ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a, c\u00e2u th\u01a1, l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, th\u00ec th\u1ec3 th\u01a1, nh\u01b0 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt, n\u0103m ch\u1eef, b\u1ea3y ch\u1eef, th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cao h\u01a1n, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, \u1edf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p v\u1ea7n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e2u s\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00e2u t\u00e1m, trong th\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t, hai, b\u1ed1n, s\u00e1u, t\u00e1m, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. <\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01a1 ca c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i trong th\u01a1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o, th\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy \u01b0\u1edbc. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c. T\u00f4i xin l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1edf k\u1ecbch hay cu\u1ed1n phim ch\u00fang ta xem \u0111i xem l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft h\u1ed3i sau k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c ra sao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh hay phi\u00eau l\u01b0u m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u. Nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c l\u1eddi v\u0103n hay s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n xu\u1ea5t. Trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. <\/p>\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra em<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 l\u1ea1<\/i> <\/p>\n

M\u00ecnh em m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/i> <\/p>\n

M\u00ecnh em m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u da<\/i> <\/p>\n

M\u00ecnh em m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u m\u1eaft<\/i> <\/p>\n

M\u00ecnh em m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7 nh\u00f2a<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ed9ng T\u00fa) <\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef m\u00ecnh em<\/i> l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i. <\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. Th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hay Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a: l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t, song th\u1ea5t l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t, th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01a1 b\u1ea3y ch\u1eef, t\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t b\u1ea3y ch\u1eef, t\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t n\u0103m ch\u1eef, th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, th\u01a1 t\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i: th\u1ec3 sonnet (x\u00f4 n\u00ea), th\u01a1 haiku (h\u00e0i c\u00fa), th\u1ec3 ballade, th\u1ec3 rondeau, th\u1ec3 sestina, th\u1ec3 villanelle, th\u1ec3 ghazal. <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 haiku<\/i> th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m ba c\u00e2u, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebft (syllables): n\u0103m, b\u1ea3y, n\u0103m. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u. <\/p>\n

Yare utsu na (5)<\/i> <\/p>\n

Hae ga te o suru (7)<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ashi o suru (5)<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Kobayashi Issa) <\/p>\n

Oh don’t swat<\/i> <\/p>\n

The fly rubs hands<\/i> <\/p>\n

Rubs feet<\/i> <\/p>\n

(b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a William Higginson) <\/p>\n

\u00d4, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadp n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9<\/i> <\/p>\n

Con ru\u1ed3i \u0111ang g\u00e3i hai b\u00e0n tay<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110ang g\u00e3i hai b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n<\/i> <\/p>\n

Hay \u0111ang c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n? Th\u01a1 h\u00e0i c\u00fa l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng. <\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 sonnet<\/i> ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ti\u1ebfng \u00dd, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, Anh, Nga v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1edbi Shakespeare. Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1 t\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c theo l\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i sang c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 chia l\u00e0m hai kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m c\u00e2u (octave), kh\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai s\u00e1u c\u00e2u (sestet). M\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sonnet kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng \u00dd, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp so s\u00e1nh b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7p v\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. (**) <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp d\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 ghazal<\/i>: th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XII, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi hai nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1edbn, Rumi v\u00e0 Hafiz. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng di d\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea2 r\u1eadp (***). <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 T\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 m\u1edbi, ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf M\u1ef9 cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eaft d\u00f2ng, l\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u, s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u00e2y: <\/p>\n

– Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u01a1 c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n

– Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng quen v\u1edbi th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do, n\u00ean quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u01a1 n\u00f3i chung. <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, tr\u1eddi sinh ra v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u th\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t sinh. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. <\/p>\n

To\u00e0n b\u00e0i xoay quanh m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5: <\/p>\n

Em b\u1ed7ng ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y ch\u1ea1m m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi
                                    m\u00f9a h\u1ea1
Tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y hoang d\u00e3
V\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u00e2u
En ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecf
M\u00e0 sao kh\u00f4ng h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
R\u1ed3i em s\u1ebd r\u1ee5ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1t
B\u1ecfng r\u1eaby m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hoang<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Ho\u00e0ng H\u01b0ng) <\/p>\n

Hai c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. <\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u m\u00e0 h\u1edd h\u1eefng c\u1ee7a Robert Creeley:<\/i> <\/p>\n

What did you say to me<\/i> <\/p>\n

that I had not heard.<\/i> <\/p>\n

She said she saw<\/i> <\/p>\n

a small bird.<\/i> <\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Where was it.<\/i> <\/p>\n

In a tree.<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ah, he said, I thought<\/i> <\/p>\n

you spoke to me. <\/i><\/p>\n

Em n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1edbi anh<\/i> <\/p>\n

m\u00e0 anh nghe kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5.<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00f4 b\u1ea3o c\u00f4 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y<\/i> <\/p>\n

m\u1ed9t con chim nh\u1ecf.<\/i> <\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u1eady.<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u1ede tr\u00ean c\u00e2y.<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u00c0, anh b\u1ea3o, v\u1eady m\u00e0 anh t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/i> <\/p>\n

em n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh \u0111\u00e2y<\/i> <\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, The Bird, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129, \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc b\u1ed3i h\u1ed3i. <\/p>\n

10. C\u00e2u th\u01a1<\/u> <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u. Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 xu\u00f4i, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng xoay quanh c\u00e2u th\u01a1. <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng nghe t\u1eebng c\u00e2u trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1, l\u1eafng nghe to\u00e0n b\u00e0i th\u01a1, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, t\u1ea1i sao l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1ea3y ch\u1eef, l\u00fac kia n\u0103m ch\u1eef v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1? <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt, s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 \u0111i, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n l\u1ea1. <\/p>\n

M\u00f9a thu Paris
Tr\u1eddi bu\u1ed1t ra \u0111i
H\u1eb9n em qu\u00e1n nh\u1ecf
R\u01b0ng r\u01b0ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ecf tr\u00e0n ly
M\u00f9a thu \u0111\u00eam m\u01b0a
Ph\u1ed1 c\u0169 h\u00e8 x\u01b0a
C\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5
Ng\u00f3ng em ki\u00ean kh\u1ed5 ph\u00fat, gi\u1edd
<\/i>(Cung Tr\u1ea7m T\u01b0\u1edfng) <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e2u s\u00e1u ch\u1eef \u0111i sau \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. <\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra s\u1ef1 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Khi b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1, ch\u00ednh c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u00e0i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi Du T\u1eed L\u00ea vi\u1ebft: <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i l\u00e0 chim b\u00f3i c\u00e1<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00e2u n\u0103m ch\u1eef v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1ea5y kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 hai s\u00e1u ch\u1eef, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: <\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ecdc nh\u1ecdn tr\u0103m n\u0103m<\/i> <\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng s\u00e1u ch\u1eef, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ebb ngo\u1eb7t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. <\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a v\u00e0o nh\u00e0<\/i> <\/p>\n

V\u00e0 th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean \u0111i ra<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00e2u \u1ea5y th\u1eadt ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m b\u1ebb kh\u00f3a v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean \u0111i ra<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i<\/i>. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch. <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1edfi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f2n b\u1edfi \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p v\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng trong th\u01a1 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c nhau: <\/p>\n

-C\u00e2u th\u01a1 tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m, tr\u00f2n ngh\u0129a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/p>\n

Em mu\u1ed1n th\u01a1 em ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vui<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Thu H\u1ed3ng) <\/p>\n

– Nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u: <\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0n mai gi\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n, chim bay m\u1ecfi<\/i> <\/p>\n

(B\u00e0 Huy\u1ec7n Thanh Quan) <\/p>\n

-C\u00e2u th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng, m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o c\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng hay ng\u1eafm l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

D\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa v\u00fat b\u00f3ng chi\u1ec1u phong<\/i> <\/p>\n

(T.T. Kh) <\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft c\u00e2u th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng theo v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong th\u01a1. \u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng, v\u00e0 v\u1eaft qua c\u00e2u sau, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eaft d\u00f2ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng theo lu\u1eadt v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nghe v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00ecn. S\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc<\/i> kh\u00e1c nhau<\/i> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111a \u00e2m, s\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft c\u00e2u c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng phong ph\u00fa kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n \u00e2m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 khi ph\u1ed5 nh\u1ea1c cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/i> n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n

Anh c\u00f2n n\u1ee3 em <\/i><\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng x\u01b0a b\u1ebfn c\u0169<\/i> <\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng x\u01b0a b\u1ebfn c\u0169<\/i> <\/p>\n

Con s\u00f4ng \u00eam \u0111\u1ec1m<\/i> <\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Anh c\u00f2n n\u1ee3 em<\/i> <\/p>\n

Chim v\u1ec1 n\u00fai nh\u1ea1n<\/i> <\/p>\n

Tr\u1eddi m\u1edd m\u01b0a \u0111\u00eam<\/i> <\/p>\n

Tr\u1eddi m\u1edd m\u01b0a \u0111\u00eam<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Anh B\u1eb1ng ph\u1ed5 nh\u1ea1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a thi s\u0129 Phan Anh T\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, khi t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eddi cho ca kh\u00fac n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Trong nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u00edt khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u d\u00e0i, n\u1ed1i qua nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eaft d\u00f2ng, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft c\u00e2u d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i sau m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed5i k\u00e8n hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 h\u01a1i, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u01a1 d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 k\u00e9m, vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft c\u00e2u t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u d\u00e0i hay ng\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u01a1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, c\u00e2u d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn. S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ch\u1eef tr\u00ean trang gi\u1ea5y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 theo h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a, c\u00e1nh hoa, c\u00e1i d\u00f9, l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u: \u00fd ngh\u0129a, nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1eef, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. <\/p>\n

C\u00e2u th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n. C\u00e2u th\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u00e0i. <\/p>\n

11. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/u> <\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00f9y \u1edf s\u1edf h\u1ecdc, \u00fd th\u00edch ri\u00eang, th\u00f3i quen, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, \u0111\u00e3 quen, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m s\u1eb5n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n y\u00eau th\u00edch, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ba \u0111i\u1ec1u: <\/p>\n

– V\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 <\/p>\n

– V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 <\/p>\n

– V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t <\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: <\/p>\n

– Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ra \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t \u00edt ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00e1ng ch\u1eebng n\u0103m b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945) <\/p>\n

– V\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n

– D\u01b0 lu\u1eadn khen ch\u00ea, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, t\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u, c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 hay nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ed5 sung. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Langston Hughes: <\/p>\n

Harlem <\/p>\n

What happens to a dream deferred?<\/i> <\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Does it dry up<\/i> <\/p>\n

like a raisin in the sun?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Or fester like a sore-<\/i> <\/p>\n

and then run?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Does it stink like rotten meat?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Or crust and sugar over-<\/i> <\/p>\n

like a syrup sweet?<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra cho gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 b\u1ecb ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4 \u0111i<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i nho ph\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Hay m\u01b0ng m\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng-<\/i> <\/p>\n

V\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00f4i r\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u01a1n?<\/i> <\/p>\n

Hay kh\u00f4 queo, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng <\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecbm ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o?<\/i> <\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Hughes l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 da \u0111en, Harlem \u1edf New York, v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e2u th\u01a1 sau c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n: <\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3c nhau n\u00e9m ch\u00e9n tan t\u00e0nh<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nghe vang v\u1ee1 c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u01a1<\/i> <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n thanh cao b\u1ecb v\u00e2y kh\u1ed5n, khi th\u00ec trong c\u1ea3nh m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi th\u00ec gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, sau n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. V\u00ec v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho m\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p trong th\u01a1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng T\u1ea1o c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 "G\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc" n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa th\u01a1 hay v\u00e0 th\u01a1 d\u1edf, r\u1ea5t d\u00ed d\u1ecfm: <\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u th\u01a1 ca<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u xe m\u00e1y<\/i> <\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfc xe c\u0169 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u01a1n l\u1ea1i<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng m\u00e1y nghe c\u0169ng \u00eam<\/i> <\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, ghi nh\u1eadn, chia s\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0m h\u1ecd an t\u00e2m h\u01a1n m\u1edd \u1ea3o. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m khi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a. Nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, n\u1eafm h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a, ai nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, nhu c\u1ea7u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a ngay trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc, th\u01b0\u1eddng do m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, rao gi\u1ea3ng. <\/p>\n

Trai th\u1eddi trung hi\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i> <\/p>\n

G\u00e1i th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e2u trau m\u00ecnh<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ed3 Chi\u1ec3u vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec3 nh\u1edb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 hay b\u00e0n c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3, tr\u1eeb khi v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trung hi\u1ebfu<\/i> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, trung v\u1edbi ai, hi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi ai, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef ti\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh<\/i> ng\u00e0y nay thay \u0111\u1ed5i ra sao, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o h\u01a1n, mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c; s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u00ean t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. M\u1ed7i c\u00e2y mai, c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0o, tulip, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01a1n, khi m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd ra hoa nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc: hoa mai v\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u00e1nh, hoa m\u1eabu \u0111\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh, nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed7i b\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai t\u00ednh<\/i> ch\u1ea5t<\/i> \u1ea5y, v\u1eeba gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/i>, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb<\/i>, ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 say \u0111\u1eafm. <\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt ra s\u1ef1 say \u0111\u1eafm c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 hai: \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. <\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay n\u1ebfu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1edf m\u1ed9t trang, b\u00e1o gi\u1ea5y hay b\u00e1o m\u1ea1ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m? <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 k\u00e9m ra kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n th\u00edch, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i b\u1eadc trung h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng hay ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n l\u00f2ng y\u00eau v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n r\u1ed1i tr\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, hay h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc, kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. Trong l\u1eddi than phi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Randall Jarrell c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o than phi\u1ec1n th\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1. <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: <\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay nh\u01b0ng m\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. <\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eef d\u00f9ng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ee3i \u00fd, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>\n

– V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng, r\u1ea5t hay g\u1eb7p: m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u1edf. <\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Jung cho r\u1eb1ng trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1i t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn, b\u1ecb ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1i t\u00f4i th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn lao, n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu, s\u1edf th\u00edch, nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u01a1, b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n mang nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n x\u00fac c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hay t\u1eadp l\u1eafng nghe s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ch\u00fang. <\/p>\n

12. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea1n <\/u><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a x\u00fac c\u1ea3m l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt mang t\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda. Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, th\u01a1 ca l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m an \u1ee7i, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng, g\u1ee3i \u00fd. Th\u01a1 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi trong x\u1ee9 s\u1edf t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, gieo h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a hy v\u1ecdng. Th\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n h\u01b0 v\u00f4, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n

In a play, the actors cry out<\/i> <\/p>\n

But in the poem the words<\/i> <\/p>\n

themselves cry out<\/i> <\/p>\n

(George Oppen) <\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9 kh\u00f3c trong v\u1edf k\u1ecbch<\/i> <\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3c \u00f2a <\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u1edf c\u00e2u th\u01a1 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a ng\u00e2m \u0111i ng\u00e2m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t hay hai c\u00e2u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u hay, c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn k\u00e9o b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, gi\u1eef b\u1ea1n trong c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 hay l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. <\/p>\n

\u00d4 hay bu\u1ed3n v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e2y ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

V\u00e0ng r\u01a1i! V\u00e0ng r\u01a1i! Thu m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

(B\u00edch Kh\u00ea) <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u n\u00e0y. Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n qua nhanh, b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i qua ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u1ea5y, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00f3, l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u n\u00f3. Do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thai nhi ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9. <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1edf h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01a1 ca, t\u1eadp c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eafm g\u1ed9i trong d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn hai l\u1ea7n. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01a1 ca. <\/p>\n

You must become an ignorant man again<\/i> <\/p>\n

And see the sun again with an ignorant eye<\/i> <\/p>\n

And see it clearly in the idea of it<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Wallace Stevens) <\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 kh\u1edd<\/i> <\/p>\n

V\u00e0 t\u1eadp nh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft ng\u00e2y th\u01a1<\/i> <\/p>\n

V\u00e0 nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong qu\u1ea7ng s\u00e1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3<\/i> <\/p>\n

Trong th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, vi\u1ebft cho xong, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng khi \u0111\u00e3 xong c\u00e1i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u1ea5y mang l\u1ea1i. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i, trong khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00f9y h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng. <\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng: khi n\u00e0o c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01a1i, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft ra l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i. <\/i>Khi n\u00e0o c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i: b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng. L\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/i> <\/p>\n

S\u00f3ng g\u1ee3n tr\u00e0ng giang bu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7p<\/i> <\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. R\u1ed3i ngh\u0129 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n nghe tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n. <\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n n\u00e0o v\u1eady? <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, m\u1edf ra, \u0111i v\u00e0o, t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i. <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00eam. Th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n kh\u00f3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u1edf kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i an \u1ee7i, can \u0111\u1ea3m. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01a1 th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e3i. <\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00e0m \u0103n, ra l\u1ec7nh, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch, t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111\u00e3 qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00ean \u0111i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01a1 ca. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i th\u01a1, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n trong c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u0169, m\u00e1i ng\u00f3i \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00f3c ph\u1ed1 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y hoa v\u00f4ng vang, n\u01a1i s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

Trong khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1eadt d\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1eadt hay, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 bao dung v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00e0o, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra sao, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 l\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c \u1ea5y, v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec bao gi\u1edd m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n la c\u00e0 nh\u1eadu nh\u1eb9t quanh b\u00e0n ti\u1ec7c, ng\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd ch\u01a1i game tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n, hay d\u00e1n m\u1eaft v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111i d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 khi ra v\u1ec1 c\u00f2n nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: <\/p>\n

I asked God if it was okay to be melodramatic<\/i> <\/p>\n

And she said yes<\/i> <\/p>\n

I asked her if it was okay to be short<\/i> <\/p>\n

And she said it sure is<\/i> <\/p>\n

(Kaylin Haught) <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0ng c\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i<\/i> <\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i l\u00f9n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng<\/i> <\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o l\u00f9n v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb9p con \u01a1i<\/i> <\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i m\u1edbi l\u1edbn, l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin, s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1eadp n\u00e1t, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ef1c d\u1eady. <\/p>\n

C\u00f2n g\u00ec n\u1eefa? Th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt trong su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 pha l\u00ea: b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y thay \u0111\u1ed5i. <\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f9ng<\/b> <\/p>\n

<\/u><\/p>\n

<\/u><\/p>\n

<\/u><\/p>\n

a. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/u> <\/p>\n

V\u0103n 6, C\u1ea3m H\u1ee9ng Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt, Nh\u00f3m C\u00e1nh Bu\u1ed3m, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, NXB Tri Th\u1ee9c, 2015 <\/p>\n

T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed S\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng, Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2014- 2015 <\/p>\n

\u1ea8n D\u1ee5, Cu\u1ed9c Phi\u00eau L\u01b0u C\u1ee7a Ch\u1eef, Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Th\u1ee5c, NXB Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, 2015 <\/p>\n

Thi Nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ho\u00e0i Thanh – Ho\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n, NXB V\u0103n H\u1ecdc t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n, 2014 <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ebfn T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e2u, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f9ng, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, NXB Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, 2009 <\/p>\n

30 T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0169 Qu\u1ea7n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, 2009 <\/p>\n

Une Anthologie de la Poesie Amoureuse, Jean Orizet, NXB Bartillat, 2007 <\/p>\n

Du T\u1eed L\u00ea 50 N\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, H\u1ed9i V\u0103n H\u00f3a Khoa H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 2007 <\/p>\n

The Oxford Book Of American Poetry, David Lehman, NXB Oxford, 2006 <\/p>\n

The Art of Reading Poetry, Harold Bloom, NXB Perennial, 2004 <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 XX, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00f9i V\u1ee3i, NXB Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c, 2004 <\/p>\n

Poetry 180, Billy Collins, NXB Random House, 2003 <\/p>\n

How poetry works, Phil Roberts, NXB Penguin, 2000 <\/p>\n

M\u1eaft Th\u01a1, \u0110\u1ed7 Lai Th\u00fay, NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin, 2000 <\/p>\n

The compact Bedford introduction to literature, Michael Myer, NXB Bedford, 2000 <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 V\u00e0 M\u1ea5y V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Trong Th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i, H\u00e0 Minh \u0110\u1ee9c, NXB Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c, 1998 <\/p>\n

A field guide to contemporary poetry and poetics, Stuart Friebert, NXB Oberlin College, 1997 <\/p>\n

20th Century Poetry & Poetics, Gary Geddes, NXB Oxford, 1996 <\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 T\u00ecnh, tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp, Th\u00e1i Do\u00e3n Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Li\u00ean bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, NXB Tr\u1ebb, 1994 <\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n M\u01b0\u01a1i N\u0103m Th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1945-1985, Thi V\u0169, NXB Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9, 1993 <\/p>\n

T\u00ecm Hi\u1ec3u Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt Th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u01b0ng Qu\u1ed1c, NXB Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9, 1988 <\/p>\n

b. Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: <\/i><\/u><\/p>\n

(*) Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n Phan C\u1ea3nh <\/p>\n

(**) C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1ed1c. <\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p v\u1ea7n c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u1eebng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Pierre Corneille, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u: <\/p>\n

D\u2019un accueil si flatteur, et qui veut que j\u2019esp\u00e8re,
Vous payez ma visite alors que je vous vois,
Que souvent \u00e0 l\u2019erreur j\u2019abandonne ma foi,
Et cro\u00ees seul avoir droit d\u2019aspirer \u00e0 vous plaire.<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00e2u hai v\u00e0 c\u00e2u ba v\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00e2u m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e2u b\u1ed1n v\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhau. <\/p>\n

Sonnet trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Shakespeare, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u: <\/p>\n

But wherefore do not you a mightier way<\/i>
Make war upon this bloody tyrant, Time?
And fortify your self in your decay
With means more blessed than my barren rhyme?<\/i> <\/p>\n

C\u00e2u m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ba v\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00e2u hai v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n v\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhau. <\/p>\n

(***) <\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i "H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n d\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng", nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f4ng hu\u00e2n Hoa k\u1ef3 Natasha Trethewey d\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 ghazal <\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. <\/p>\n

Miscegenation <\/p>\n

In 1965 my parents broke two laws of Mississippi;
they went to Ohio to marry, returned to Mississippi.
They crossed the river into Cincinnati, a city whose name
begins with a sound like sin, the sound of wrong\u2014mis in Mississippi.
A year later they moved to Canada, followed a route the same
as slaves, the train slicing the white glaze of winter, leaving Mississippi.
Faulkner’s Joe Christmas was born in winter, like Jesus, given his name
for the day he was left at the orphanage, his race unknown in Mississippi.
My father was reading War and Peace when he gave me my name.
I was born near Easter, 1966, in Mississippi.
When I turned 33 my father said, It’s your Jesus year\u2014you’re the same
age he was when he died. It was spring, the hills green in Mississippi.
I know more than Joe Christmas did. Natasha is a Russian name\u2014
though I’m not; it means Christmas child, even in Mississippi. <\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1eadt ra, th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, trong khi \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u01a1, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":816,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,138],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-tieu-luan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/816"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40787"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40788,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40787\/revisions\/40788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}