CH\u01af\u01a0NG IX:<\/i><\/p>\n
TRI\u1ec0U \u0110\u1ea0I B\u1ea2N X\u1ee8 T\u1eea V\u00d9NG CAO<\/p>\n
Thanh to\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u c\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi<\/p>\n
Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n v\u0103n th\u1ec1 L\u0169ng Nhai 1416, ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i c\u00f9ng gia nh\u00e2n, th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c, l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 l\u00e0 gi\u1eef y\u00ean l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Kinh \u00edt h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1 theo v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c, tr\u1ed1n l\u00e1nh truy b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho nh\u00f3m. V\u0103n th\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u1ebf nh\u1ecf nhoi khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e3 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n t\u1eed tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 n\u0103m 1425. L\u00fac n\u00e0y h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cai tr\u1ecb c\u0169, l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Minh, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang trong ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y uy nghi c\u1ee7a vua n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169.\u201d<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cchi\u00eau b\u00e0i\u201d th\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf khi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho phe ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, cho n\u00ean qu\u00e2n Minh r\u00fat xong l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft (1428). Tuy nhi\u00ean qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf hu\u1ed1ng chi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi chen v\u00e0o g\u00e2y th\u00eam kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. C\u00f2n \u1edf trong v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Lam S\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Kinh, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u00e9p v\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n X\u1ea3o (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n trong h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 v\u1edbi V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ebf h\u01a1n trong l\u00fac nh\u00f3m Lam S\u01a1n l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng, tuy c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. K\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i, h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn khai kh\u1ea9n s\u1eb5n m\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00ean thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u1ebf. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi l\u00fac gi\u1ebft Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf qu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u1ea1n tranh chi\u1ebfm.\u201d T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn lao m\u00e0 s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ghi. Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n s\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1466, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ra l\u1ec7nh chia \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u1edf Lam S\u01a1n v\u00ec \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ebf gia hay l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p… chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1eafm d\u00f9i…\u201d<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 li\u00ean minh ph\u1ea3i tan r\u00e3, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u00ea-Tr\u1ea7n, k\u00e9o theo c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed li\u00ean h\u1ec7 phe ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c: Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n v\u1edbi B\u1ebf Kh\u1eafc Thi\u1ec7u (1429, 1430), Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n X\u1ea3o v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e8o C\u00e1t H\u00e3n (1432), nh\u01b0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n trung ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Th\u00e1i ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian thanh to\u00e1n hai nh\u00f3m kia l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft h\u1eb3n v\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u0103n quan kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111e do\u1ea1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c L\u00ea, v\u00e0 L\u00ea c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u0103n th\u1ea7n (vi\u1ebft chi\u1ebfu cho quan, d\u00e2n, th\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi Minh…) theo m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi anh em b\u00e0 con, v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u c\u0169 (\u201cChi\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh Ph\u1ee5c L\u1ec5\u201d), v\u00e0 toan t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfp Th\u1ecb L\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i cung \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y uy th\u1ebf nh\u1edd c\u1eady b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n th\u00e2n danh. Tranh ch\u1ea5p L\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. X\u00fai gi\u1ee5c L\u00ea L\u1ee3i gi\u1ebft Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1 theo th\u1eddi m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Tr\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean B\u00e1 mang h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i. Sau n\u00e0y, trong v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (1459), c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n: Tr\u1ea7n L\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan cho \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 t\u1ed9i tr\u1ea1ng. V\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 sau, d\u00e0i d\u00e0i \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9…<\/p>\n
Ch\u00ednh s\u1eed quan c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Tr\u1ea7n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf tr\u00ean t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e1m v\u0103n quan g\u1ed1c trung ch\u00e2u t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 \u1edf ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Nho ho\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m v\u0103n quan g\u1ed1c Lam S\u01a1n mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 h\u01a1n. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e3 nh\u1ea1c cho tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, gi\u1eefa Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i v\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u0103ng. S\u1ef1 th\u1eafng b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a phe n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft tri\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u0103ng tuy b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng k\u00edch d\u1eef nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1eafng th\u1ebf. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecbn khi Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i d\u00e2ng kh\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng khi tranh c\u00e3i gay go th\u00ec phe v\u0103n th\u1ea7n trung ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc cho bi\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u: Tham ngh\u1ecb Nguy\u1ec5n Li\u1ec5u b\u1ecb x\u1eed \u201ct\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00e9m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh ri\u00eang cho th\u00edch ch\u1eef v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00e0y \u0111i ch\u00e2u xa.\u201d C\u0169ng th\u1eafng th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em tin t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed (nh\u01b0 c\u1ee9u m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f2n vua quan v\u1edbi sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u0169 x\u01b0a (vua c\u1ea7m cung b\u1eafn chim, quan c\u00f2n ch\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kinh k\u00ec.) Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u00f3m trung ch\u00e2u l\u1ea1i th\u1eafng th\u1ebf khi vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n Nho gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 khi xin c\u1ea5m l\u1ed1i h\u00e1t b\u00e1 c\u1ed5, n\u00edu ch\u00e2n tay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh Ho\u00e1, xin cho c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n kh\u1ecfi theo \u201cqu\u1ed1c t\u00ednh\u201d \/ h\u1ecd L\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec L\u00ea c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i thay, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a hai t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c L\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tr\u00ean t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e0m ph\u00eda nam, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p truy\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Polynesian ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p anh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n L\u00ea Th\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft khi \u0111\u00e1nh L\u00e0o, s\u1eed quan h\u00e9 cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 v\u1ebb theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c anh qua tay em r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf khi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u1eadu s\u1ef1, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 phong con tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u01b0 T\u1ec1 l\u00e0m Qu\u1eadn V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t con th\u1ee9 Nguy\u00ean Long l\u00e0m Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u0169ng vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eed s\u00e1ch (s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec th\u1ea5y s\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Chi\u1ebfu cho T\u01b0 T\u1ec1 nhi\u1ebfp qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a… l\u1eadp anh truy\u1ec1n em m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2u d\u00e0i…\u201d) T\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u00f2n r\u01a1i r\u1edbt trong v\u1ee5 Nghi D\u00e2n b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf m\u00e0 xoay sang gi\u1ebft em (Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch chen v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
Tuy c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0o tay L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn theo, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea1o, thu x\u1ebfp theo t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, sau d\u1ea7n th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long, nh\u0103n nh\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cao c\u1eeda r\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i th\u00f9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a quan vi\u00ean c\u1ef1u Tr\u1ea7n b\u00e0y v\u1ebd theo theo th\u00f3i quen c\u0169 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng xu n\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n theo m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho vua tuy c\u00f2n c\u1ea7m cung b\u1eafn chim nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c gi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a. (Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft L\u00ea S\u00e1t, Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n gi\u1ebft Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3, Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1eafc Ph\u1ee5c v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m L\u00ea.) V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n (v\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb L\u1ed9 l\u00e2y lan qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf n\u1ed9i cung) kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. R\u1ed3i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng vua L\u00ea (Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng) v\u0103n minh h\u01a1n, n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh x\u1eed tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh Lam S\u01a1n bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t, chia r\u1ebd (nh\u00f3m L\u00ea S\u00e1t, Ph\u1ea1m V\u1ea5n gi\u1ebft L\u01b0u Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00fa, g\u00e2y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m Th\u00e1i B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Thanh c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3, Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1eafc Ph\u1ee5c \u2013 anh em kh\u00e1c cha v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00fa; Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m L\u00ea L\u0103ng, L\u00ea Ni\u1ec7m…) Nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c Tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n v\u00ec th\u1ea5y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, \u00f9n \u00f9n v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh qua l\u1ed1i tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i thay v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean cao m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai n\u00f3i chung v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u t\u00e1n trong bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf khi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, h\u1ecd L\u00ea c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u00edt tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li h\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1n tuy ch\u1ec9 \u1edf t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u0110\u1ebfn Minh th\u00ec t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean (H\u1ed3, Tr\u1ea7n) tan t\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1n trang r\u00e3 ra, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Minh l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 khi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec tay ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi. Chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4, th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u1eb7n c\u00f4ng lao. Cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi tay. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ecbch thu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ef5 quan c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi\u1ebfn v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Phong, L\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eef H\u1ed1t… hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Phan Li\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi Minh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0m quan x\u1eed ki\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1c gi\u00e1c (1437) v\u00ec t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp v\u0103n quan th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh chen l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1eadt ra. Cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i lo ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
T\u1edd l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 th\u00e1ng 1al. 1429 cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c th\u00ec ngh\u00e8o, k\u1ebb rong ch\u01a1i th\u00ec gi\u00e0u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb du th\u1ee7 du th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec cho n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 th\u1eeba ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ho\u0103c \u0111i l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp. Th\u00e0nh ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ch\u1ecbu h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 ham ngh\u0129 ph\u00fa qu\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nay ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p cho quan l\u1ea1i, qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, trong t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i go\u00e1 ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec t\u00e2u l\u00ean. L\u1ea1i b\u00e0n c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n, l\u1ee5a tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean.\u201d Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1n\u201d m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u00edt sao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u sau. \u201cC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nho gia tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c c\u0169, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n qua nh\u1eefng n\u0103m bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n H\u1ed3, Minh thu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kinh s\u1eed h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c chia ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh s\u00edt sao nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp theo, th\u1ea5y r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong b\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201clu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c\u201d nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ban h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1477. Th\u1eadt ra c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 1429 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y, ho\u1eb7c bao chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n c\u0169, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t toan t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea5p cho Khai qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Chu\u1ea9n \u201ccho ph\u00e9p l\u1ea5y ru\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ebf gia tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecf hoang \u1edf x\u00e3 trang thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n T\u1ed1ng S\u01a1n… l\u00e0m t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, c\u1ed9ng 470 m\u1eabu.\u201d M\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1429 (hay \u0111\u1ea7u 1930) bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng b\u1ecf hoang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n k\u1ebb n\u01a1\u00ed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft cho ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nay ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng qua th\u1eddi gian thu\u1ed9c Minh, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, n\u00ean c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 t\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n di chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbn lao. C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n ngh\u00e8o, lo n\u1ea1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng cho Minh, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c quan n\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng \u201cn\u1ea3y\u201d ra \u1edf s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ecb, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng v\u01a1 v\u00e9t b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp thu v\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n
C\u01a1 s\u1edf cai tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, H\u1ed3, Minh thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n. Bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean quan c\u0169 \/ \u201cngu\u1ef5 quan\u201d, th\u1ea5t s\u1ee7ng hay y\u00ean v\u1ecb l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf th\u1eadt m\u1ecfng manh. Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 chia ra nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u1edbn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o\u201d nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (T\u01b0 m\u00e3), h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh (H\u00e0nh khi\u1ec3n), gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t (Ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed) d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft tr\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean h\u1ebft h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh Lam S\u01a1n qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb nh\u01b0 L\u00ea (\u0110inh) Li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nam \u0110\u1ea1o, L\u00ea V\u0103n An c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0 L\u00ea B\u00f4i \u1edf T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ea1o, L\u00ea Khuy\u1ec3n \u1edf H\u1ea3i T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c quan nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n… \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i Thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i b\u1eaft Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb quy\u1ec1n uy nh\u01b0 l\u00fac Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 tr\u00f4ng coi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n L\u00ea S\u00e1t than v\u1edbi vua: \u201cKh\u1ea3 v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u trong cung th\u00ec th\u1ea7n nguy m\u1ea5t!\u201d<\/p>\n
Ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh Lam S\u01a1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cai tr\u1ecb m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc tho\u1ea3ng qua trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn k\u0129 th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng \u00fd, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cth\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh.\u201d Phan Huy Ch\u00fa sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00f3m Lam S\u01a1n c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng n\u00fai cai tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n trung ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb r\u1eebng n\u00fai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t trung ch\u00e2u theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n v\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3n l\u00e3nh.<\/i> Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp cao c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 tan bi\u1ebfn trong quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi th\u1eadt nhanh ch\u00f3ng. H\u1ecd lo tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, \u0111e d\u1ecda ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c L\u00ea h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, mang sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u0169, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n: th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh.<\/i><\/p>\n
Ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc trong Ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ebf n\u0103m 1471 khi Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 sau, c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1eddi M\u1ea1c: \u201c\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n nhu h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1ng, hay ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u01b0\u1edbng su\u00fd, thi\u00ean t\u00ec trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 th\u00ec c\u00e1c quan kinh l\u1ecbch, th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh <\/i>\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tra x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e0n h\u1eb7c c\u1ea3…\u201d L\u1ec7nh Ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee9c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh (1498) n\u00eau r\u00f5 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f3c ng\u00e1ch lan tr\u00e0n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan n\u00e0y: \u201cCh\u1ee9c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edfng quan, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tra x\u00e9t, vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch \u1edf ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t h\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u gian phi… T\u1eeb nay, \u1edf trong th\u00ec L\u1ee5c khoa, \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec Hi\u1ebfn ti, h\u1ec5 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng…\u201d Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p cha, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean l\u1ec7nh 1498 tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ngay trong l\u1ec7nh 1471 (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh 1480, 1483 ti\u1ebfp theo.) S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra n\u0103m 1471 c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft n\u1eb1m trong N\u1ed9i m\u1eadt vi\u1ec7n, c\u01a1 quan n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd L\u00ea c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ec9 danh th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh c\u00f3 khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan,\u201d \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edfng quan,\u201d nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n th\u01b0 n\u0103m 1478 cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cc\u00e1c nha m\u00f4n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c trong ngo\u00e0i,\u201d \u201cc\u00e1c nha m\u00f4n quan qu\u00e2n.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u k\u00ec l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u00ec trong c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea9m, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3. Phan Huy Ch\u00fa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o cho ch\u1ee9c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh trong ph\u1ea7n Quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u00f9 \u00f4ng t\u1eebng khen h\u1ebft l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c. V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi, g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p trong quan ch\u1ebf thi h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, trung ch\u00e2u, l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap r\u1eadp cho t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n M\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i Lam S\u01a1n, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01a1 v\u00e0o ban qu\u1ed1c t\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh L\u00ea c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c to l\u1edbn v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng 1428.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Lam S\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u2013 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n theo m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t m\u1edbi l\u00e0m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u00f9 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u Minh c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn thay Tr\u1ea7n, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c\u201d th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ebfn \u00f4ng vua ch\u00e1u th\u00ec Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m An Nam Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng (1443) qua bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ed5n ph\u00ed c\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian cho Minh d\u1eb1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u00e1i. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung ch\u00e2u ho\u00e1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nho gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1 cho n\u00ean qua th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i ra gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng c\u1eed, l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua nh\u1eefng khoa thi b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u01a1 s\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng khoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng, gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n theo Nho \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li, l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Minh thu\u1ed9c theo tham v\u1ecdng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Quan. L\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 L\u00ea bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n th\u1eddi H\u1ed3 (L\u00ed T\u1eed T\u1ea5n, V\u0169 M\u1ed9ng Nguy\u00ean… \u0111\u1ed7 1400), tr\u1ea3i qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong th\u1eddi Minh (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean,) c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quan trong th\u1eddi \u1ea5y (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quan coi vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c n\u0103m 1437,) d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau c\u1ed1 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c t\u1eadn Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c. S\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Li\u1ec5u m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda v\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u0103ng v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m n\u1ed9i quan ph\u00eda kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ho\u00e1 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1434, 1442 ch\u1ecdn k\u1ebb s\u0129 theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p thi t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao, h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 k\u00ec h\u1ea1n, l\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh d\u1ef1ng bia l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 sau. Thi h\u1ed9i, thi \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edf l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u 1442, m\u1edf ti\u1ebfp n\u0103m 1448 nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1ng bia th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1484 m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf lo\u1ea1ng cho\u1ea1ng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0 cho kinh s\u1eed \u0111i v\u00e0o ngay ch\u00ednh d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd r\u1eebng n\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n sinh m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua n\u1ed5i danh tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, m\u01b0\u1ee3n ngay \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 Nho gia m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m Tr\u1ea7n v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb ngay ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 hao m\u00f2n nanh vu\u1ed1t v\u00ec k\u00e8n c\u1ef1a t\u1ea9y tr\u1eeb nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbm l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c quan vi\u1ebft chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9, s\u00e1ch v\u1edf ch\u00ea tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc: vua m\u1edbi hai tu\u1ed5i, Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu \u201cg\u00e0 m\u00e1i g\u00e1y s\u1edbm… \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1eaft qu\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n lo\u00e0,\u201d quan \u201cngu si kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef… kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i s\u00fac v\u1eadt… ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a…\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u0111am m\u00ea s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y v\u1ea1 tru di cho Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p khi L\u00ea v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00edch \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb anh sang em ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha (Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5) ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha (Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng) \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t th\u00ec quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong tay c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i c\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n Lam S\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chia r\u1ebd h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Cho n\u00ean th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ecfng manh. Bang C\u01a1 (Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng) n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i v\u00ec Nghi D\u00e2n con tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tru\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3, Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1eafc Ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u1eeba ra kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp ch\u1eadn nh\u00f3m c\u1ea5m v\u1ec7 L\u00ea \u0110\u1eafc Ninh, nh\u00f3m ph\u1ee5c th\u00f9 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n tr\u00e8o thang qua t\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb9. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Nghi D\u00e2n y\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1edbng trong t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec g\u1eb7p phe \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c, sau \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa T\u01b0 Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Kh\u1eafc X\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u1eafc X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 cung \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1eadn ng\u00f4i, t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1i l\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd r\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh c\u1edd) l\u00e0 L\u00ea L\u0103ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u00fat m\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf nhoi, co r\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd l\u1ea1i \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nguy kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cho \u0111\u00e1m c\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n Lam S\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho nh\u00f3m v\u0103n quan trung ch\u00e2u n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1ecf nhoi khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p v\u00ec ph\u00eda ngo\u1ea1i mang g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c gia nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd L\u00ea \u2013 gi\u1eef nh\u00e0 cho L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng gia, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n m\u1eb9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi cung, con sinh \u1edf ch\u00f9a b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u1eb9 con ch\u1ecbu \u01a1n c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3 (hay Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb L\u1ed9)… Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng xa r\u1eddi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao c\u1ea5p trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vua, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi sinh ho\u1ea1t Lam S\u01a1n h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 mau ch\u00f3ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trung ch\u00e2u, \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh, n\u01a1i \u0111ang s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i phong tr\u00e0o \u0111ua \u0111\u00f2i kinh s\u00e1ch, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc theo Nho gia, d\u00f9ng l\u00ed l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ngay ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1m Nho gia ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong To\u00e0n th\u01b0 <\/i>r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi m\u1eafng m\u1ecf quan ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1eafng Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u201cph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c\u201d v\u00ec b\u1ecf Nghi D\u00e2n theo v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng, \u201cmang l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng vua\u201d v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ebf Giao \u2013 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo kinh s\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vua Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh v\u00ec Thi\u00ean t\u1eed, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ebf Giao, c\u00f2n l\u00ed l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n danh t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb Nho Gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean t\u1eed, v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ebf Giao! L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e1n Cao T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1i v\u00e0o m\u0169 quan, bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u00e1m v\u0103n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ed1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng hu\u00eanh hoang v\u1edbi m\u1edb ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean trong hai ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Quang Thu\u1eadn (1460-1469), H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c (1470-1497) th\u00ec trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u sau ph\u00e1t huy th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3, l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh) thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u1eadp chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (\u0111\u00e1nh B\u1ed3n Man, Ai Lao) n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean trong, r\u1ea3nh rang ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi quan l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi sau, d\u00f9 qua nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec l\u1ebd g\u00ec kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u00e0n ch\u00f3 s\u0103n c\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 L\u00ea Lam S\u01a1n. B\u00eanh v\u1ef1c Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i che ch\u1edf t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a S\u01b0 H\u1ed3i, con X\u00ed. Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng lo s\u1ee3 (1464) Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01b0 n\u1eb7c danh b\u00e1o S\u01b0 H\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft k\u00e8m theo l\u1eddi ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o \u0111e do\u1ea1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eafn nhe v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u201cli\u00ean minh\u201d L\u00ea Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u1edf t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi n\u1eefa. Phe t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c Lam S\u01a1n qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f2n nanh c\u00f9n vu\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i. L\u00ea L\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ru\u1ed9ng ban c\u1ea5p tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft (1462). Ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n gi\u1ebft Cung V\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1eafc X\u01b0\u01a1ng (1476) th\u00ec th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Nho Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf, qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a thi c\u1eed m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, qua hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed ch\u1ebft \u0111i, S\u01b0 H\u1ed3i c\u0169ng tuy\u1ec7t t\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang s\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa b\u1edfi v\u00ec Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p cho m\u00ecnh, cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng n\u1eafm trong tay. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u1edf phe \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch: L\u00ea Ni\u1ec7m, L\u00ea Th\u1ecd V\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh tay \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh Chi\u00eam. <\/i><\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng 1471 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ban l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch to r\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ebf, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh cai tr\u1ecb theo \u0111\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Minh, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t r\u1eddi b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Lam S\u01a1n, g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00ean m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a L\u00ed T\u01b0 gi\u00fap T\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u01b0a kia: \u201cK\u1ebb n\u00e0o d\u00e1m d\u1eabn b\u1eeba quy ch\u1ebf c\u0169 m\u00e0 b\u00e0n c\u00e0n m\u1ed9t quan n\u00e0o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ec1 t\u00f4i gian ngh\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed t\u1eed v\u1ee9t x\u00e1c ra ch\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t; c\u00f2n gia thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0y \u0111i n\u01a1i xa…\u201d Ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft Tr\u1ea7n Phong (1485), ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho \u00f4ng m\u00e0 r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c n\u00f3i \u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u1eb7t quan hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i th\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec1u…\u201d L\u00ed do c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ecdc n\u00eau ra: \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai b\u1edd c\u00f5i ng\u00e0y nay so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia kh\u00e1c nhau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c, l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng.\u201d T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chung l\u00e0 gom l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u1ebb t\u1ebb t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u1ede trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5m qu\u00e2n, l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 6 b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan tra x\u00e9t, thi h\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c. Ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed \u0111\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean h\u1ec7 vua, quan, d\u00e2n theo t\u01b0 th\u1ebf canh ch\u1eebng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; Th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9 ti l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh mang t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 13 \u0111\u1ea1o Th\u1eeba tuy\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, ki\u1ec3m tra, an ninh (v\u1edbi Th\u1eeba ch\u00ednh, Hi\u1ebfn s\u00e1t, \u0110\u00f4 ti) m\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng binh mang t\u00ednh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 bao tr\u00f9m tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chi li nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c quan \u2013 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh,\u201d nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5n ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edbc kia quan \u00edt, t\u01b0\u1edbc to\u201d nay th\u00ec \u201cquan nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt, tr\u1eadt th\u1ea5p.\u201d Chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb l\u1edbn t\u1edbi nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh x\u01b0ng r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u v\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i \u2013 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cquan vi\u00ean qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, ti\u00eau ph\u00ed l\u1ed9c kho\u201d n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea3i b\u1edbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi (1481) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u00ec kh\u00e1c, s\u1eed quan \u00edt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi: h\u01b0\u01a1ng, x\u00e3, th\u00f4n, trang, s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngu\u1ed3n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng… g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, m\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 \u201cx\u00e3\u201d\/l\u00e0ng. L\u1ec7nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 v\u1edbi x\u00e3 quan khi v\u1eeba th\u1eafng Minh (1429) cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u00e9n nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o: x\u00e3 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t 3 vi\u00ean, x\u00e3 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t 2 vi\u00ean, x\u00e3 nh\u1ecf 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec qua s\u1ef1 c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tan bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa c\u0169 m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, cai tr\u1ecb. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6\u00e2l. 1466 c\u1ea5p X\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u201cquan\u201d n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 x\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4i, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f2n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh b\u00e0 con (l\u1ec7nh 1483, 1486, 1496). L\u00ea d\u00f9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea h\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch, chia c\u1eaft ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh khu v\u1ef1c theo v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh, l\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m trong b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1n c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan quy\u1ec1n nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5u, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u00e2n c\u01b0 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ngay t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p nh\u1ecf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00ea n\u1eafm v\u1eefng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tuy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c s\u00edt sao qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c duy\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea5y thu\u1ebf, b\u1eaft x\u00e2u, b\u1eaft l\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u2013 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf l\u01a1 ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i s\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec xi\u00eau t\u00e1n b\u1edfi thi\u00ean tai, chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m b\u00ean l\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn… T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 sau c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n v\u00ec n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chung m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ef1 coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh h\u1ed9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1eadc cao v\u00ec l\u1ebd ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c duy\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1eaft l\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1ng c\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ch h\u1ed9 v\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i n\u00ean b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh, ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd theo nhu c\u1ea7u cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a L\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00edu gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u1ed5n c\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh\/ph\u1ee5, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i lo b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t khi ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ecd L\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t kh\u00e1 quy c\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 ng\u00e0y sau khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean c\u1edb th\u1eadt xa trong d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1i \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng.<\/i> Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1eadu Ph\u1eadt (l\u00e3nh ti\u1ec1n, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang gi\u1ed7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ef1) ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1, \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o n\u01a1i h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 l\u1eadp h\u1eadu \u2013 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u1eadu Th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra tranh t\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kho\u00e1n \u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c quan th\u1ea5y (1474) s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t an n\u00ean xin l\u1ec7nh (1496) chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00ecnh cho l\u00e0ng cai qu\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. L\u00e0ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh, tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi c\u00e1t c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt. L\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u00f4ng h\u01b0u quan v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 l\u1ee1 th\u1eddi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u201cl\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c\u201d qua c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u1edf l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, mang ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ra l\u1eadp lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 theo ki\u1ec3u \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d cho l\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> \u2013 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb qu\u00ea m\u00ecnh. Theo v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng s\u1ebd m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch, \u0111em ra th\u1edd c\u00fang, r\u1ed3i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI, ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i h\u01a1n v\u00ec tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i c\u00e0ng v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i h\u01a1n v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. R\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 l\u00fac mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi trung \u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef Ph\u00e9p vua thua L\u1ec7 l\u00e0ng, hu\u00eanh hoang \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u00e1p b\u1ee9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e2n, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfng l\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 \u0111i theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n \u0111ang th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng shaman \/ th\u1ea7y mo v\u1ed1n theo n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c nay ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1eefa d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nho mang t\u00ednh l\u00ed tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn l\u00e0ng x\u00e3. Chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong gia ph\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd danh ti\u1ebfng: h\u1ecd Phan Huy \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vu \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi h\u1ecd cai tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ca h\u00e1t, nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng trong nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp H\u00e1t c\u1eeda \u0111\u00ecnh. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u1eeba thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng th\u1eadt h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi sinh ho\u1ea1t ca h\u00e1t n\u00e0y: v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gian, v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong d\u1ecbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi thi\u00eang li\u00eang qua nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng<\/p>\n
T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh thi c\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi L\u00ea s\u01a1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nho s\u0129 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng khoe khoang l\u00fac g\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft \u2013 h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 l\u1ed1: \u201cD\u00f9 L\u00ed (B\u1ea1ch), \u0110\u1ed7 (Ph\u1ee7), \u00c2u (D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu), T\u00f4 (\u0110\u00f4ng Pha)… v\u1ecb t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i, duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ta l\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 so s\u00e1nh hai \u00f4ng s\u1eed quan th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nho s\u0129 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n Tr\u1ea7n H\u1ed3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nho L\u00ea so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng Minh nho, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu lu\u1ef5 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n duy l\u00ed c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u1edf n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t k\u00e8m theo nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 v\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft thu nh\u1eadn va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. Cho n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i kho\u00e1i tr\u00e1 m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi \u201cth\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3i ranh Tuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn hung h\u0103ng\u201d th\u00ec khi thay m\u1eb7t Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c th\u1ea7n L\u00ea m\u1ed7\u201d l\u00e0m bi\u1ec3u \u201ctr\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1 t\u1ed9i\u201d v\u1edbi Th\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3i ranh \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd van xin th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc qua v\u0103n phong tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1c. Nho s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7n tuy c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ecu l\u00f2n n\u0103n n\u1ec9 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ec7n b\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nguy\u00ean. Nho s\u0129 L\u00ea bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c L\u00ea \u0111\u00e1nh Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh tuy v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd nh\u00fan nh\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i co r\u00fat th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 \u0111i Minh n\u0103m 1435 gi\u00e0nh nhau ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e1nh nhau, l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd quan Minh ph\u00e2n x\u1eed! Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh li\u1ec1n l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3n, v\u0103n t\u1eeb ghi ch\u00e9p (D\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed <\/i>1435 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn (K\u1ec9 H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng trong \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed to\u00e0n th\u01b0 <\/i>1479 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean.) Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong \u0111i ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, t\u01b0 th\u1ebf thi\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf hung h\u0103ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf chung quanh.<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u1eafc Chung \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng khuy\u00ean Minh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1nh Ng\u01b0u H\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n th\u00ec nay Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ra tay chinh ph\u1ee5c ph\u00eda nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 uy danh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c L\u00ea r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t quy c\u1ee7. Tuy v\u1edbi th\u1eddi ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3m qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb 250 000 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 100 000, t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 huy (1448) nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c d\u1eb9p tan ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean minh c\u0169, v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng t\u01b0 th\u1ebf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng theo \u0111\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1eef g\u00ecn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00ean L\u00ea ph\u1ea3i b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n b\u00ean trong bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f4i khi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Minh.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n ng\u0169 th\u00ec c\u00f3 quy c\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00fac Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh (1470). V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng do vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea h\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch chu \u0111\u00e1o, s\u00edt sao quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng: tr\u00e1ng, qu\u00e2n, d\u00e2n, l\u00e3o, c\u1ed1, c\u00f9ng. S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh cho qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i chia theo s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00e0, v\u1edb\u00ed hai h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp ng\u0169, nh\u01b0ng \u201cqu\u00e2n\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tr\u1eeb b\u1ecb b\u1eadc hai, c\u00f2n \u201ctr\u00e1ng\u201d l\u00e0 tr\u1eeb b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 ri\u00eang ra (\u201cl\u00e1nh\u201d) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ngay. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec3n binh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf, cho n\u00ean t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u201cl\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ng\u201d \u0111i theo v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb: l\u00ednh, l\u00ednh tr\u00e1ng,<\/i> ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. C\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n Lam S\u01a1n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd, tuy tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb b\u00e0o m\u00f2n kh\u00ed th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng x\u01b0a v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u00f3m th\u00e2u ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o chia ch\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i y\u00ean \u1ed5n nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t qua vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n Minh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng co d\u00e3n c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Ch\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9. V\u1edbi th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u0169 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng. Ch\u1ee9c quan \u0111\u1eb7t cai tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Cho n\u00ean khi Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 ch\u1ebft, qu\u00e2n Chi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 ra c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda Vi\u1ec7t (Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb), s\u1ee9 Chi\u00eam (1434) b\u1ecb v\u1eb7n h\u1ecfi chuy\u1ec7n \u201ctr\u1ecdm \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eaft d\u00e2n\u201d h\u1ed3i n\u1eeda n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u1eadm \u1eeb m\u00e0 T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea S\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 \u201ckhoan dung\u201d kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i th\u00eam. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 1446 b\u1eaft vua Chi\u00eam l\u00e0 B\u00ed Cai \u0111em v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng che l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i sai s\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f2i \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh.\u201d S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 quan cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00ec v\u1edbi 70 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3, c\u00f3 t\u00ean Tr\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u0129nh, g\u1ed1c h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n, l\u00fac v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ngay ch\u1ee9c \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng: \u0110\u1ed3ng tham ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n. Trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia khu v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, ta th\u1ea5y l\u00fac th\u00ec 13 Th\u1eeba tuy\u00ean (1466), l\u00fac c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 12 (1469) \u0111\u1ebfn sau chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eafng 1471 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1 13 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba tuy\u00ean Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ngay trong th\u1eddi gian ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p trong To\u00e0n th\u01b0.<\/i> S\u1eed s\u00e1ch Trung Qu\u1ed1c qua th\u1eddi k\u00ec ch\u00e9p chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a c\u0169 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 Chi\u00eam, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1a d\u1eabm ngo\u1ea1i giao ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edd c\u1eady l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt bia \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ea1ch th\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi gian h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ebf B\u1ed3ng Nga \u0111\u1ebfn 30 n\u0103m v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bia n\u00e0o x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3. La Ngai \/ Jaya Shimhavarman V l\u00ean thay l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 bia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, Ba \u0110\u00edch Lai \/ Indravarman V l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb thua c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t cho H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li! Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1edbt \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u1eafc sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho Indravarman ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean (bia th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 R\u1eb1ng 1409), l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0 l\u1ea5n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i bia Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0 1441, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1eafng Kampuchia l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111ang men xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Angkor. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p, l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m tuy\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n t\u1eeb bia Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0, c\u00f2n trong v\u00f9ng Vijaya ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai bia 1401, 1436, trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 phai l\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i g\u1ed1m G\u00f2 S\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Ch\u1ebf B\u1ed3ng Nga.<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh Chi\u00eam 1470 h\u00e9 cho ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i suy \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. L\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a hai khu v\u1ef1c B\u1eafc Nam m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n, ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 t\u00edn b\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. S\u1ef1 sung t\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e0m l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1: \u201cKhi Nh\u00e2n mi\u1ebfu [Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng] l\u00ean ng\u00f4i c\u1ea3 (1443) th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng. N\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1n C\u1ed5 Lu\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 hang c\u1ea7y, c\u1eady th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0n nh\u01b0 \u1ed5 ki\u1ebfn…\u201d Th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c cho Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n \u201cx\u01b0ng b\u1eeba l\u00e0 cha ch\u00fa, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9c vua ta l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u con… l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn li\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, coi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t ta l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb… B\u1ea3o ta nh\u01b0 hai m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdc, t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam.\u201d C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n c\u00f2n mang danh hi\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ devaraja <\/i>c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ee7 cho Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u Thi\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau cho n\u00ean L\u00ea v\u1eabn nh\u00ecn k\u1ebb kia nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p: \u201cNg\u1eadp ng\u1ee5a h\u00f4i tanh lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 l\u1ee3n, c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i gi\u1ebft vua \u0111u\u1ed5i con ch\u00e1u vua B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00f5i. Nh\u1ea3m tin ph\u1eadt qu\u1ef7 d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p ch\u00f9a, b\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1 ph\u00fac cho d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh s\u00f4i. C\u1ea5m m\u1ed5 th\u1ecbt l\u00e0m kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 d\u00e2n Tr\u1eddi, c\u1ea5m n\u1ea5u r\u01b0\u1ee3u vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf. <\/i>Con trai con g\u00e1i th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u lo v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 ch\u1ea7u h\u1ea7u, k\u1ebb go\u00e1 con c\u00f4i ch\u1ecbu m\u00e3i c\u1ea3nh thi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eaft m\u0169i…\u201d T\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u1ebf \u201ctr\u00ean ch\u00e2n\u201d m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng (hay \u00f4ng quan vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u1ec7nh) chen lu\u00f4n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1edf x\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u01a1 \u0111i: gi\u1ebft vua c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i, h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang… Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n l\u1ea5y ch\u1ecb d\u00e2u l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, l\u00e0 theo th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c levirat d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00f4ng d\u00e2m\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi \u201cng\u1eadp ng\u1ee5a h\u00f4i tanh lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 l\u1ee3n\u201d c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u v\u1edbi Phan Phu Ti\u00ean, Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u m\u1eafng vua Tr\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua!<\/p>\n
H\u1eb3n l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00ean m\u1edbi m\u1eafng Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n \u201cnh\u1ea3m tin ph\u1eadt qu\u1ef7 d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p ch\u00f9a…\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean, tuy h\u1eb3n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 Siva v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea5y, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Chi\u00eam ch\u1eafc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh C\u1ea5m m\u1ed5 th\u1ecbt l\u00e0m kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1ee5 c\u01b0. L\u00e0m th\u1ecbt s\u00fac v\u1eadt th\u00ec h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft b\u00f2 gi\u1ebft heo; gi\u1ebft b\u00f2 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ee5c th\u1edd b\u00f2, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ebft heo? T\u1ee5c gi\u1ebft heo t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (t\u1ebf s\u1ed1ng<\/i>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1eafc \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n \u1edf Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng chung h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u00eam l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m n\u1ea5u r\u01b0\u1ee3u? L\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ban ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o, hay \u00edt ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00fac t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 \u0111em ra ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tin t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c, m\u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 k\u1ebb \u201cngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.\u201d K\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m theo B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n t\u1eeb x\u01b0a, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n \u1edf ngay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfu khai th\u00e1c: \u201c(Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n) b\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1 ph\u00fac cho gi\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh s\u00f4i…\u201d Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 coi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t sultan v\u00e0 cho r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i trong x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o \u1edf v\u00f9ng Phan Rang. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Java c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV-XV. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0y nay (Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n Doanh \u2013 2002) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1p Yang Prong (x\u00e3 Ea Rok, huy\u1ec7n Ea Sup, t\u1ec9nh \u0110ak Lak) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec9nh hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e1p Ch\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 qua t\u1eeb Ch\u1ebf B\u1ed3ng Nga \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qua m\u1ed9t t\u1edd Chi\u1ebfu ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Champa tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
K\u00eau than \u201cd\u00e2n Tr\u1eddi\u201d ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf vua Chi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac. \u201c\u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta n\u00f3 b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7…\u201d ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u1eebng \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1edbp Ho\u00e1 Ch\u00e2u, gi\u1ebft quan \u0111\u1ed3n th\u00fa\u201d khi\u1ebfn \u201cd\u00e2n l\u01b0u vong (Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng) ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee5m ch\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu oan…\u201d Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n c\u00f2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng B\u1eafc Kinh v\u1ec1 phe m\u00ecnh, vu kh\u1ed1ng L\u00ea c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u1eadt c\u1ed1ng, voi n\u1ea1p. K\u1ec3 ra th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec \u201cMinh ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c, g\u1edfi s\u1eafc th\u01b0 h\u1ecfi m\u1ea5y n\u0103m li\u1ec1n.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng 1471, L\u00ea c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh khi\u1ebfn L\u00ea ph\u1ea3i lu\u1ed3n l\u1ecdt \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3. Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn \u0111em c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n c\u01b0\u1edbp Ho\u00e1 Ch\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i. Cho n\u00ean th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1, Tr\u00e0 To\u00e0n l\u00e0m th\u00e2n t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee7 Ho\u00e0i Nh\u01a1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba tuy\u00ean Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eady tuy c\u00f2n l\u00e2y l\u1ea5t trong co c\u1ee5m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t r\u1ea1n trong quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eafng Chi\u00eam, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 uy th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 ki\u1ec3u tranh ch\u1ea5p ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn \u1edf Lam S\u01a1n x\u01b0a kia m\u00e0 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e3o Qua \/ Ai Lao qua v\u00f9ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9n B\u1ed3n Man.<\/p>\n
T\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i t\u1eeb cao nguy\u00ean V\u00e2n Nam theo c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i xu\u1ed1ng nam, qua \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u00e0o \u1ea1t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m, c\u00f3 l\u00fac tranh ch\u1ea5p nhau nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u201cm\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d nh\u1ecf, khi g\u0103p ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc th\u00ec th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t ch\u00ecu l\u00f2n hay c\u1ef1a qu\u1eady s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m l\u1ebb t\u1ebb t\u1eebng k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi L\u00ea Lam S\u01a1n, hay g\u00e2y va ch\u1ea1m \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng tuy \u0111\u00e3 trung ch\u00e2u ho\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng x\u1ee9 Lam Kinh g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Uy th\u1ebf vang d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng 1471 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh N\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean c\u0169 trong s\u00e1ch s\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc: Ai Lao, hay chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: L\u00e3o Qua, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cL\u00e0o\u201d (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 L\u00ed Ho\u1ea3ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt Quang t\u00e1ch ra t\u1eeb ch\u1eef H\u00e1n kia.) V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Ai Lao c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh Th\u00e1i \u1edf c\u00e1c \u201cm\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n L\u00ea th\u00ec d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Lam Kinh cho n\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed1i xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u0103ng ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt g\u1ee3i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Nh\u00f3m Th\u00e1i \u1edf gi\u1eefa, tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng S\u1ea7m N\u1ee9a, l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Chum nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chum \u0111\u00e1, v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi: M\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed3n \/ M\u01b0\u1eddng Chum, T\u1ed3n B\u1ed3n Man \/ M\u1ecdi Chum C\u0169, B\u1ed3n Man \/ M\u1ecdi Chum, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng Th\u00e1i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn lan xa. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV \u0111\u00e3 xoay h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o h\u01a1n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con ch\u00e1u Pha Ngum c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Lan Xang \u2013 X\u1ee9 Tri\u1ec7u Voi. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 C\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Chum c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau trong s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00ean th\u1ea5y mang t\u00ean Petit Laos tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 1751 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i l\u00fang t\u00fang v\u00ec l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: Ai Lao \u1edf xa y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 B\u1ed3n Man hay t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng B\u1ed3n Man g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n? Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u00eda n\u00e0o th\u00ec r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn B\u1ed3n Man tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh B\u1ed3n Man gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1479 cho th\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t: \u201cNu\u00f4i ph\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch kh\u00e1ch v\u00f4 lo\u00e0i… b\u00e0y k\u1ebf gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u00f2ng nh\u00f2m ng\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta… B\u1ea7y gian \u00e1c L\u1ec7 Khai th\u00ec dung t\u00fang ch\u1edf che, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed5 t\u00f9 H\u00e0n Tri\u1ec7u th\u00ec giam gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3… Th\u00edch t\u00ean b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00e2n th\u00ec k\u1ebft l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed, gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch tr\u1eef Lang T\u1ee7ng th\u00ec gi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 v\u1ee3 con…\u201d V\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u1edf B\u1ed3n Man, c\u00f3 t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t (L\u1ec7 Khai, \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00e2n) m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e9p. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Th\u00e1i kia \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e2n c\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c quen bi\u1ebft, th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c n\u1eefa. N\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft Cung V\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1eafc X\u01b0\u01a1ng (1476) v\u00ec \u00f4ng ta \u201cm\u01b0u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u1ecbch.\u201d Ch\u00ednh trong ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e1p th\u01b0 nh\u00e0 Minh h\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi th\u00fa nh\u1eadn ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f3 13 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Quan (t\u00ean th\u1eddi Minh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh) ch\u1ea1y sang bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e3o Qua… n\u00ean sai b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c b\u1eaft \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i…\u201d \u201cCh\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xe bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u1edf v\u1ec1.\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tranh ch\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u1eefa n\u00ean ph\u00eda B\u1ed3n Man th\u00ec \u201cgh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch tr\u1eef Lang T\u1ee7ng…\u201d<\/p>\n
B\u1ed3n Man kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 thanh tr\u1eebng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ebft quan qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c. Tuy Lam S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c<\/i> cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 h\u1ecd L\u00ea ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 n\u00fai \u0110\u00e1 Tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 tho\u1ea3ng qua, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n L\u00ea t\u1ed9c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o. Vua x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7, c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea1o thi\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf (1478), khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i \u201cg\u01b0\u01a1m th\u1ea7n, \u1ea5n th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t\u201d… L\u1edbp s\u01a1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Nho Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t th\u00eam v\u1edbi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch \u201ctin l\u1eddi y\u00eau t\u0103ng gian t\u00e0,\u201d \u201chu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i t\u00f3c da ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ea c\u1eeda Ph\u1eadt\u201d \u0111ang t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp b\u00ean l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Mekong.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, B\u1ed3n Man l\u1ea1i \u201cd\u1ef1a ti\u1ebfng L\u00e3o Qua ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n.\u201d Cho n\u00ean Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb 25 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh B\u1ed3n Man, ngay th\u00e1ng sau l\u1ea1i ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1nh Ai Lao. Chi\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i moi chuy\u1ec7n c\u0169 Lan Kham Deng \u201ctr\u1edf m\u1eb7t\u201d h\u1ed3i ch\u1ed1ng Minh, l\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf Ai Lao \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 sung s\u1ee9c: (Vua L\u00e0o Sai Chakrap\u2019at) \u201cg\u1ecdi Cao Ho\u00e0ng (Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5) l\u00e0 em, g\u1ecdi D\u1ee5 mi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u… sang c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u00e2u Lang Ch\u00e1nh, sang c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 An T\u00e2y… v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ea7m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, S\u1ea7m H\u1ea1 n\u00f3 \u0103n l\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 t\u1eb1m… Thu\u1eadn B\u00ecnh, Sao B\u00f4i do v\u1eady r\u1ed1i ren, L\u00e2m An, Quy H\u1ee3p b\u1ecb ch\u00fang d\u00e0y x\u00e9o, Thang Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Thang H\u1ea1 l\u00e0 bi\u00ean \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ta n\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh, \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadn, \u0110\u1ea1o Xa t\u00ean th\u1ed5 t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ta n\u00f3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p…\u201d Cho d\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong tranh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y Ai Lao \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5n sang v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u Thanh Ngh\u1ec7, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa trong v\u00f9ng nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd. Qu\u00e2n chinh ph\u1ea1t \u0111i theo ba h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Ai Lao xuy\u00ean qua B\u1ed3n Man. Qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfm Lu\u00f4ng Pha Bang, ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111e d\u1ecda bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi V\u00e2n Nam kinh \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Minh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a th\u01b0 sang tr\u00e1ch h\u1ecfi. L\u1ea1i v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh Ai Lao b\u1ecf qua B\u1ed3n Man tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1nh B\u1ed3n Man \u0111\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n m\u0103t sau, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn an ninh cho qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
C\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phe chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i: Po Yan Dari \/ B\u00e0 Banh, B\u00e0 \u0110anh<\/p>\n
L\u00ed Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0n mang v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long th\u1ea7n B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa X\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ef5 lu\u1ef5 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e0n Vi\u00ean Kh\u00e2u, v\u1ed1n x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Thi\u00ean. L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111em t\u00f9 binh v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1edbi tay, tuy t\u1eebng khinh mi\u1ec7t \u201cPh\u1eadt qu\u1ef7\u201d n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u201cth\u00e1p ch\u00f9a,\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd l\u1ea1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i, th\u1ea7n Po Yan Dari, m\u00e0 qua d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1edd c\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn hai t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf: B\u00e0 Banh v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh c\u00e1i yoni ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n, v\u00e0 B\u00e0 \u0110anh v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1i linga ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eadt ra L\u00ed Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng x\u01b0a c\u0169ng \u0111em v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 linga-yoni nh\u01b0ng sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i mang nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa X\u1ee9, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n cao c\u1ea5p Po Yan Ino N\u01b0ga c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c n\u01a1i c\u1eb7p v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kia? L\u00ed do c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a hai th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i: th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV. L\u00ed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, c\u01b0\u1edbp chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m, \u0111em t\u00f9 binh v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4ng cha. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m t\u00f9 binh c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t trung ch\u00e2u s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn theo t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 th\u1edd c\u00fang b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00ean ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u0110anh n\u01a1i t\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f4n x\u00e3 \u0110inh X\u00e1 \u1edf H\u00e0 Nam, v\u1edbi th\u00f4n \u0110anh th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfi \u1edf B\u1eafc Ninh… V\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p cao n\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i linga, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n H\u1eadu Th\u1ed5 \u1edf cung \u0111\u00ecnh L\u00ed, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u01a1i c\u00e1i th\u00e1p ch\u1ee9a \u201cc\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 ch\u00f9a D\u1ea1m\u201d ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t trong 8 n\u0103m m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 sang c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong s\u1eed nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec1n n\u00f4 c\u1ef1u t\u00f9. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00fan nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi tay \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u00f4ng vua \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf Giao, c\u00f3 \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n X\u00e3 t\u1eafc r\u1ed3i. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1edd th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1m t\u00f9 binh, t\u00f9 n\u00f4 th\u1edd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u00e0 Banh\/\u0110anh lan ra t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
Po Yan Dari kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ch\u00e0m v\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp c\u00fang t\u1ebf l\u1edbn m\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi th\u1edd c\u00fang \u0111\u1ef1c-c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ea1 khi th\u1ea5y th\u1ea7n len l\u1ecfi th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01a1i th\u1edd c\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u1eadt n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 Banh, B\u00e0 \u0110anh, ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u1ea2, Gi\u00e0 N\u00e0ng, B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Ng\u1ef1a… th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 n\u00f4m na, hay chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c t\u00ean Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u, Thi\u00ean Ph\u00fac (nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9a Th\u1ea7y, m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9a c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a cung \u0111\u00ecnh \u2013 ban ph\u00fac t\u1eeb L\u00ed Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, c\u1ea3 L\u00ea Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 v\u0103n minh, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y)…<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa v\u00f9ng tan r\u00e3, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf. V\u00e0 ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp chan ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u1edd c\u00fang b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean to r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00f2n gi\u1eef g\u1ed1c c\u0169: ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean, \u0110\u1ed1ng Cao… Bia ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea5t \u1edf x\u00e3 An T\u1ee9, huy\u1ec7n T\u1ee9 L\u1ed9c, H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y con tinh tr\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2y qu\u00fdt m\u1ecdc, theo v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec3n linh, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3n qu\u00fd (M\u1ea1c) n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t to r\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1m \u1ed3n \u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 am tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9a, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 bia ghi nh\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1eddi sau. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t danh x\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh mang t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam v\u1ec1, trong khi chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Po Yan Dari th\u00e0nh B\u00e0 Banh, B\u00e0 \u0110anh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n n\u00edu k\u00e9o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 che gi\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eadp: \u201cn\u00f5 n\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n ra. L\u00e0ng N\u1ed1i (V\u0103n Nhu\u1ebf) x\u00e3 V\u0103n Ph\u00fa, huy\u1ec7n M\u0129 H\u00e0o, H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean th\u1edd b\u1ed9 ch\u00e0y c\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng Phan Th\u1ecb L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eebng hi sinh v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa C\u00f4n N\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng x\u00e3 T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c. D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u0103n hoa \u201cl\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d khoe ra c\u00e1i \u201cl\u01b0\u1eddng\/n\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng che \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd Phan\/\u201dphi\u00ean\u201d kia l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c t\u00f9 binh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 c\u0103n t\u00ednh th\u1edd c\u00fang \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m si\u00eau h\u00ecnh cao c\u1ea3 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang B\u00e0 Banh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 sau khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 Banh \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00ec \u1edf Kinh \u0111\u00f4, t\u00ean B\u00e0 \u0110anh (ch\u1eafc n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ean B\u00e0 Banh, cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed Nho) cho ta bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2u L\u00e2m, n\u01a1i Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eb7t con ch\u00e1u t\u00f9 binh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9a, r\u1ed3i Ph\u00fac L\u00e2m. V\u00e0 qua n\u0103m th\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc trong b\u00e0i ph\u00fa T\u1ee5ng T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 <\/i>l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5i thay, c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng h\u00ecnh c\u0169 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u01b0a th\u1edbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi lui t\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: \u201cV\u1eafng nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u0110anh.\u201d B\u00e0i th\u01a1 B\u00e0 Banh g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp:<\/i><\/p>\n
Ch\u1ed1n long cung c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y,
<\/i>U\u1ea9y ai \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea5y lo\u00e3 l\u1ed3 thay,
<\/i>Mi\u1ec7ng c\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n h\u1edbn hoa in nhu\u1ef5
<\/i>M\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf h\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3ng t\u00f3c v\u00e9n m\u00e2y
<\/i>\u1ea4y s\u1eafp ph\u1ea5t c\u1edd tr\u00eau gh\u1eb9o ti\u1ec3u
<\/i>Hay toan b\u1ed1c g\u1ea1o th\u1eed thung th\u1ea7y
<\/i>Ch\u1eb3ng l\u00ean b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ed3i thong th\u1ea3
<\/i>Kh\u00e9o \u0111\u1ee9ng ru m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/i><\/p>\n
N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u00e2y g\u1eady\/c\u00f4n, <\/i>l\u00f5 l\u1ed3n \/ l\u00f5 l\u01b0\u1eddng <\/i>hay n\u00f5, n\u00f5n n\u01b0\u1eddng <\/i>n\u00f3i ng\u1ecdng, <\/i>m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng \u201cm\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf h\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3ng t\u00f3c v\u00e9n m\u00e2y,\u201d h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7c v\u00e1y nh\u01b0ng h\u1edf hang \u201clo\u00e3 l\u1ed3\u201d v\u00ec c\u00e1nh tay t\u00e1y m\u00e1y v\u1eb9t v\u1ea3i, \u201cb\u1ed1c g\u1ea1o\u201d khi\u00eau kh\u00edch. Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd trong ch\u00f9a v\u00ec c\u00f3 ti\u1ec3u, c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u201cb\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ed3i thong th\u1ea3\u201d m\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea5y\u201d cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u00eam b\u00e1i c\u1ea7u ph\u00fac c\u1ea7u con, ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 v\u1edbi c\u00e2y g\u1eady. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c B\u00e0 Banh s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII, XVIII c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea7n B\u00e0 Banh\/\u0110anh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00ec g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1edd c\u00fang ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t l\u01b0u vong nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 che khu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0 con kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam ra. Con c\u00e1 voi c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1n d\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n u linh t\u1eadp<\/i> ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Long Qu\u00e2n gi\u00fap d\u00e2n, gi\u00fap vua \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 Nho Gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 Chu An. N\u01a1i th\u1edd c\u00fang ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch trinh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Phu nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng m\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i. C\u00e1c con v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n \u0111i theo c\u00e1 voi, \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e0, l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00ea v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ph\u1ea3i n\u00fap sau \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Hai B\u00e0, nh\u01b0 con r\u00f9a \u201cB\u00e0 T\u00edm\u201d th\u00e0nh N\u00e0ng T\u00eda l\u00f4i theo con r\u1eafn bi\u1ec3n \u2013 con \u0111\u1ebbn M\u1ed9c tr\u1ee5 Th\u1ea7n x\u00e0, trong ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n \u1edf Thanh Tr\u00ec. V\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh trong th\u1ebf tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt uy th\u1ebf v\u1edbi nam quy\u1ec1n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i chao \u0111\u1ea3o h\u1eadu-L\u00eaTh\u00e1nhT\u00f4ng, v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p trong m\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p th\u1ea7n Po Riyak \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i Tr\u1ea7n Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng cung hi\u1ebfn cung nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chan ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, c\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n Th\u00e1i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, khi ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, \u0111\u00f4ng nam (v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Chi\u1ebfu) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y b\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd len l\u1ecfi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ea3n th\u1ed5, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n khi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng n\u00fai, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n M\u01b0\u1eddng-Th\u00e1i L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm t\u00ednh Nho Gi\u00e1o n\u00ean l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, v\u0103n minh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ee7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p, Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng (\u1edf ng\u00f4i 1498-1503) b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201cTh\u00e1nh T\u1ed5 ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, vua cha ta s\u1eeda trong d\u1eb9p ngo\u00e0i, quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t, ch\u1ec9 tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef ph\u00e9p c\u0169, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy th\u00eam, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u201d \u00d4ng vua \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0169. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho con ch\u00e1u, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay c\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 l\u00fac ban Ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i gi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u00ec tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201cch\u1ec9 tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef ph\u00e9p c\u0169\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp theo, vua quan, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t to r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ef1t, co k\u00e9o, d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n 1.- T\u01af\u1ee2NG \u0110\u00c1 M\u1ea4T THI\u00caNG (21)<\/p>\n Kh\u00e9o \u0111\u1ee9ng ru m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u00e2y, (C\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p l\u00e0: C\u00f3 ng\u1ee9a g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed1c d\u1ee9a, ph\u00f4 phang chi \u1edf \u0111\u00e1m qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y?)<\/i><\/p>\n 2.- B\u00c0 BANH H\u1ebeT LINH THI\u00caNG (11)<\/p>\n Khen ai \u0111\u1ebdo \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1c n\u00ean m\u00e0y, B\u00e0i th\u01a1 B\u00e0 Banh trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u0103n l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Hinh, V\u0103n minh \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t,<\/i> Nxb. V\u0103n ho\u00e1 &Th\u00f4ng tin, H. 2005, tr. 901-902, tr\u00edch H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp<\/i>. B\u00e0i 1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb 40 truy\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ef3nh, <\/i>(song ng\u1eef Anh-Vi\u1ec7t) Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ecbch, Nxb. V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 1999. S\u1ed1 21 trong ngo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n. B\u00e0i 2 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ef3nh, <\/i>Ch\u00e2u Nhi\u00ean Khanh, L\u00ea Ho\u00e0ng Mai s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, Nxb. Thanh ni\u00ean 2006. S\u1ed1 11 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ch. Hai b\u00e0i 1, 2 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m thi t\u1eadp,<\/i> tuy kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0 Banh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u00e0i th\u01a1: \u0111\u00e1, chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean c\u1ed5, ch\u00e2n mang gi\u00e0y, v\u00e1y ph\u1ea5t… N\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ef3nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ef3nh (1677-1748), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 H\u00e0 V\u0103n T\u1ea5n \u0111em gia ph\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chung.<\/p>\n Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00f2n<\/i> (\u201c\u0111\u1ee9ng\u201d) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc. Hai c\u00e2u Th\u1ef1c (\u201cMi\u1ec7ng c\u01b0\u1eddi… t\u00f3c v\u00e9n m\u00e2y\u201d) c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng ti\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t.<\/i> R\u1ed3i ch\u1eef \u201cti\u1ec3u\u201d r\u00f5 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ch\u00f9a<\/i>! L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u00eam l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i l\u00e1i: \u0111\u1ebdo \u0111\u00e1 \/ \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111eo \/ \u0111\u00e9o \u0111\u00eam l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng hai b\u00e0i n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0a nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1n\u201d m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u00edt sao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u sau. \u201cC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nho gia tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c c\u0169, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n qua nh\u1eefng n\u0103m bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n H\u1ed3, Minh thu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kinh s\u1eed h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-4073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4073"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71666,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4073\/revisions\/71666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/i>Khen ai \u0111\u1ebdo \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1c n\u00ean m\u00e0y.
<\/i>Tr\u00ean c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111eo d\u0103m chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t,
<\/i>D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u00e9o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y.
<\/i>C\u1edfi v\u00e1y ph\u1ea5t c\u1edd tr\u00eau gh\u1eb9o ti\u1ec3u,
<\/i>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1c g\u1ea1o th\u1eed thung th\u1ea7y.
<\/i>C\u00f3 thi\u00eang sao ch\u1eb3ng ng\u1ed3i to\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc,
<\/i>Kh\u00e9o \u0111\u1ee9ng ru m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/i><\/p>\n
<\/i>Kh\u00e9o \u0111\u1ee9ng ru m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u00e2y.
<\/i>Tr\u00ean c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111eo d\u0103m chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t,
<\/i>D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u00e9o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y.
<\/i>\u1ea4y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea5t c\u1edd tr\u00eau gh\u1eb9o ti\u1ec3u,
<\/i>Hay l\u00e0 b\u1ed1c g\u1ea1o th\u1eed thanh th\u1ea7y.
<\/i>C\u00f3 ng\u1ee9a g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed1c d\u1ee9a,
<\/i>Ph\u00f4 phang chi \u1edf \u0111\u00e1m qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y.<\/i><\/p>\n