{"id":39347,"date":"2015-10-16T00:53:00","date_gmt":"2015-10-16T00:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=39347"},"modified":"2019-02-27T04:29:19","modified_gmt":"2019-02-27T04:29:19","slug":"nhung-cau-hoi-ve-my-thuat-ky-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/39347\/nhung-cau-hoi-ve-my-thuat-ky-2","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng Câu H\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 M\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt – K\u1ef3 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec v\u1ebd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f3 qu\u00e1 n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo n\u1ed5i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y qua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, v\u1ebd sao c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e0ng qu\u00e1i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, si\u00eau?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecbnh Cung<\/strong>: C\u00e1ch nay, nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghe t\u1eadn tai m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng. Th\u1eadt ra, \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 sai. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh s\u1ed1, th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt \u0110a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n (Multi-Media Art), photoshop v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i, tuy nhi\u00ean, trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y "th\u00e1c lo\u1ea1n" c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt \u0110a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n hay c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i (Contemporary Art) n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00edt  nh\u1eefng art work m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: "\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5y \u01b0?"(T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c). T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi n\u01a1i t\u1edbi ch\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh t\u1eed t\u1ebf c\u1ea3. <\/p>\n

C\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb khi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20,  \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp vua ch\u00faa, t\u0103ng l\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh ra ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1ea5y, do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u1eeb 14 \u0111\u1ebfn 19 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb phong ki\u1ebfn-Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb-d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7-t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai sinh t\u1eeb sau cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1789. <\/p>\n

\"Manet<\/a><\/p>\n

Edouard Manet \u2013 Le d\u00e9jeuner sur l\u2019herbe  (B\u1eefa Tr\u01b0a Tr\u00ean C\u1ecf)\u2013 1863 \u2013 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i
Sau khi Salon de Paris t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tranh, <\/font>Manet hi\u00ean ngang tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y \u1edf Ph\u00f2ng Tri\u1ec3n L\u00e3m Nh\u1eefng B\u1ee9c Tranh B\u1ecb Lo\u1ea1i Tr\u1eeb
(Salon des R\u00e9fus\u00e9s)
<\/font><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u00eanh thang, \u00edt c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng c\u1ea5m, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t sinh h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1eeb l\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau tranh n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd theo c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng,<\/p>\n

\"Claude<\/a><\/p>\n

Claude Monet \u2013 Nymph\u00e9as (Hoa s\u00fang) \u2013 1907 \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Impressionism)<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u Hi\u1ec7n,<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a><\/p>\n

Edvard Munch \u2013 The Scream (Ti\u1ebfng H\u00e9t) \u2013 1893 \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i  Bi\u1ec3u Hi\u1ec7n (Expressionism)<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

H\u1ed3n Nhi\u00ean,<\/p>\n

\"Henri<\/a><\/p>\n

Henri Rousseau \u2013 The Snake Charmer (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ru R\u1eafn) \u2013 1907 \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i H\u1ed3n Nhi\u00ean (Naif)
<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 L\u1eadp Th\u1ec3,<\/p>\n

\"les<\/a><\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

Pablo Picasso – Les Desmoiselles d\u2019Avignon \u2013 1907  – Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i L\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 (Cubism)<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1  quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0110\u1eb9p m\u1edbi, phi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1ecf ra qu\u00e1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

\"Toulouse<\/a><\/p>\n

Toulouse Lautrec v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n – 1902<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, d\u00f9 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. th\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eeba gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai v\u1ebd theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u hay, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi t\u00ean, v\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hay l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u1ed7 chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n cho ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eadc trung. N\u00f3i chung, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u1ec5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c \u0110\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u0169 hay m\u1edbi l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, theo hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.  Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tuy c\u00f3 chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ri\u00eang t\u01b0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xo\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nguy\u1ec5n S\u00e1ng, D\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00edch Li\u00ean, B\u00f9i Xu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1i, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0 Nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975.<\/p>\n

L\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i sau m\u1edbi h\u01a1n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed7i  th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, theo l\u1ed1i n\u00e0y hay l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, tuy v\u1eady, tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u n\u00e0o \u0111ang cu\u1ed9n ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c n\u00f3. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb k\u1ebf c\u1eadn v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfc thang c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i n\u1ea5c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u01b0ng n\u1ea5c m\u1edbi, cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta, ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n phong ph\u00fa ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn qui lu\u1eadt thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ra sao?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do, n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho n\u00ean \u0111a ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 l\u00e0m r\u1ea1ng danh cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u1ea7n do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u00edt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 theo h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Henri Rousseau, Matisse, Picasso, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Vlaminck, Van Dongen, Mir\u00f3, Malevich. Kandinsky, Paul Klee \u2026 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh danh b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Vi\u00eat Nam c\u00f3 Th\u00e1i Tu\u1ea5n, Ng\u1ecdc D\u0169ng, Duy Thanh, V\u0103n \u0110en, C\u00f9 Nguy\u1ec5n, Ngy Cao Uy\u00ean, \u00c2u Nh\u01b0 Thuy, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung, Nghi\u00eau \u0110\u1ec1 .\u2026T\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb a \u0111\u1ebfn z. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n phong (avant-garde<\/em>) h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng salon<\/em> ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

\"Maurice<\/a><\/p>\n

Maurice Denis Rend Hommage a C\u00e9zanne (Maurice Denis t\u00f4n vinh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a C\u00e9zanne) – 1900<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1i m\u1edbi t\u00ecnh c\u1edd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u1ea5y, c\u00e1i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc v\u00e0ng n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh tr\u1eddi cho ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ngay v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eebng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i "v\u1ecdc s\u01a1n" th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1eebng s\u1ee3 t\u1ed1n s\u01a1n (m\u00e0u d\u1ea7u), ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y v\u1eeba \u00fd th\u00ec c\u1ea1o b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eafp l\u00ean m\u00e0u c\u0169 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c … c\u00e1i m\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u khi ra \u0111\u1eddi b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng hazard<\/em> (ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean). Th\u1eadt  ra, hazard<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a thi ca, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u00f3 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129. \u0110\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a hazard<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf n\u00e0o, b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y n\u00e0o d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 rechercher<\/em> ( t\u00ecm t\u00f2i).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m La Baigneuse<\/em> c\u1ee7a Renoir, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

\"Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Baigneuse_se_coiffant\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pierre-Auguste Renoir \u2013 La Baigneuse se coiffant (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0n B\u00e0 T\u1eafm \u0110ang B\u00fai T\u00f3c) \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng 1885 \u2013 n\u00e9t v\u1ebd m\u1ecbn<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1ebd theo c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m ch\u1ea5m (pointilism) c\u1ee7a Seurat trong b\u1ee9c Les Poseurs<\/em><\/p>\n

\"George<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Georges Seurat \u2013 Les Poseurs (C\u00e1c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1eabu) \u2013 1887-1888 <\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/font> <\/p>\n

\n

ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Van Gogh v\u1edbi b\u00fat ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ecd ng\u1eafn (touche) kh\u1eafp m\u1eb7t tranh, <\/p>\n

\"Vincent<\/a><\/p>\n

Vincent Van Gogh \u2013 Self Portrait (Ch\u00e2n dung T\u1ef1 H\u1ecda) \u2013 1887 \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i H\u1eadu \u1ea4n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Post-Impressionism)<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd r\u1ea5t ri\u00eang t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng hazard<\/em> m\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh? D\u00e3 Th\u00fa, Bi\u1ec3u Hi\u1ec7n, L\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 hay Tr\u1eebu T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a hazard<\/em> r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. (Trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 hazard trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.) <\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

\"Salvador<\/a><\/p>\n

Salvador Dal\u00ed \u2013 Premonition de la Guerre Civile \u2013 (Linh T\u00ednh v\u1ec1 Cu\u1ed9c N\u1ed9i Chi\u1ebfn) \u2013 1936 \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Si\u00eau Th\u1ef1c (Surrealism)<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc -th\u1ea7y -m\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0 duy ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3  c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi c\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1eddng qui l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1edf Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf Paris n\u0103m 1994, m\u00f4n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Academy ( m\u00f4n v\u1ebd kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2026 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh ban t\u00fa t\u00e0i m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u00e1c em v\u00e0o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0110\u1eb3ng M\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Paris th\u00ec h\u1ecdc ngay v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u01b0a \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec n\u0103m 2000 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Herron School of Fine Art (thu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Indiana) m\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng 3 th\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u1ebd s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u cho n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0  th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1eadt Ho\u00e0ng, c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang c\u00f3 bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc v\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u1edf Hoa k\u1ef3, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ban m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1edf b\u1eadc trung h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cho ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i Nh\u1eefng C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 M\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt l\u00e0: <\/p>\n

<\/strong>1, H\u1ecda s\u0129 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cai tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o.
2, H\u1ecda s\u0129 hi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc.
3, H\u1ecda s\u0129 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o tay.
4, H\u1ecda s\u0129 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt
5, H\u1ecda s\u0129 hi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

Bolsa, th\u00e1ng 10-2015
<\/em>Tr\u1ecbnh Cung<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n … c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xo\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nguy\u1ec5n S\u00e1ng, D\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00edch Li\u00ean, B\u00f9i Xu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1i, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0 Nghi\u00eam ….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":507,"featured_media":39326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,291,50,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-cau-chuyen-nghe-thuat","category-gioi-thieu-tac-pham","category-nhan-dinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/507"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39347"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39358,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39347\/revisions\/39358"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}