{"id":39169,"date":"2015-10-09T00:44:00","date_gmt":"2015-10-09T00:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=39169"},"modified":"2019-02-27T06:54:48","modified_gmt":"2019-02-27T06:54:48","slug":"nhung-cau-hoi-ve-my-thuat-ky-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/39169\/nhung-cau-hoi-ve-my-thuat-ky-1","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 M\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt – K\u1ef3 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b>  <\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ebd th\u1eadt tinh vi, nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt t\u1eebng s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c, s\u1ee3i r\u00e2u, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/em> ? <\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecbnh Cung<\/b>: \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n C\u1ed5 \u0110i\u1ec3n, do ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda g\u1ed1c \u00dd, Ho\u00e0 Lan, Anh v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha t\u1ea1o ra, n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Paris v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00fac v\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 tranh v\u1ebd theo l\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng qui. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u00e2p m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng, xa g\u1ea7n, d\u1ea7y m\u1ecfng, c\u1ee9ng m\u1ec1m, s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i, ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua v\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda tr\u01b0\u1eddng qui, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0ng<\/strong> (canon d’or<\/em>) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Leonardo Da Vinci, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc gia, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u1ed1i v\u1ebd n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 Leonard Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Botticelli, Vermeer, Rembrandt, Goya …. Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Em, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 Yen Chi Phey, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ee7a \u00c1 ch\u00e2u \u0111ang r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i v\u1ebd t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, chau chu\u1ed1t t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1ebd. Gi\u00e1 tranh c\u1ee7a Yen Chi Phey hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u USD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u0169ng b\u1ee9c c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean 2m vu\u00f4ng. Ri\u00eang \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Bill Clinton nh\u1eafc t\u00ean trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn 5-7 ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n USD v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000. <\/p>\n

\"Lamentation<\/a><\/p>\n

Giotto \u2013 Lamentation of Christ (kho\u1ea3ng 1305 \u2013 Ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"clip_image004\"<\/a> <\/p>\n

Botticelli \u2013 The Birth of Venus (kho\u1ea3ng 1485 \u2013 \u0110\u1ea7u Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng )<\/i> <\/p>\n

\"clip_image006\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Tranh T\u1ef1 H\u1ecda c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Em (s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean canvas, kho\u1ea3ng 2007)<\/i><\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n (tr\u01b0\u1eddng qui, h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0o? <\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5, th\u1eddi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n theo h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1edf Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, gi\u1edd v\u1ebd kho\u1ea3 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 16 gi\u1edd\/tu\u1ea7n, ai c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5m tr\u00ean 7 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi hai \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, Hu\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y L\u00ea Y\u00ean, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y L\u00ea V\u0103n \u0110\u1ec7. M\u1ed7i \u00f4ng m\u1ed7i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, th\u1ea7y L\u00ea Y\u00ean th\u00ec n\u00e9t v\u1ebd s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n th\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ec7 th\u00ec c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd lu\u00f4n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. T\u1eeb v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat ch\u00ec lo\u1ea1i 6b cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ec than, r\u1ed3i v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau chuy\u1ec3n qua b\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 v\u1ebd kho\u1ea3 th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u. S\u1edf d\u1ec9, m\u00f4n v\u1ebd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, v\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t, h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1eadm nh\u1ea1t, xa g\u1ea7n, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u0129 s\u1ebd v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 v\u1ebd kho\u1ea3 th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ebd v\u1ebd tr\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu m\u1eb7c \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb trong ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00ec v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ebfp \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u01a1 b\u1eafp b\u00ean trong tu\u1ef3 theo t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng, ng\u1ed3i hay n\u1eb1m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

\"clip_image002\"<\/a> <\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 vai, tay, b\u00e1n th\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a Leonardo da Vinci (th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, 1509 -1510)<\/i> <\/p>\n

Trong s\u00e1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ng\u1ef1 tri th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. <\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao v\u1ebd t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, tinh vi … th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt? V\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y h\u1ebft th\u1eddi huy ho\u00e0ng?<\/em> <\/p>\n

V\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, v\u1ebd nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 v\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 v\u00f4 danh l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 khai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi Ti\u1ec1n S\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a v\u0103n minh, thi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, ngu\u1ec7ch ngo\u1ea1c trong l\u00fac nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i s\u0103n, \u0111i m\u01b0u sinh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00e0n l\u00e2m. Kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n l\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb n\u1ec1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? V\u00e0 o\u00e1i \u00e2m thay, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u00e2t su\u1ed1t m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lich s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed Picasso \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n ca t\u1ee5ng tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda hi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i! <\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, th\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m cho v\u0103n ho\u00e1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u su\u1ed1t s\u00e1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 tr\u1edf n\u00ean phong ph\u00fa, sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ra sao? N\u1ec1n m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c b\u1edfi b\u00e0n tay t\u00e0i hoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 d\u0129 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng qua c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ee5c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, trang ph\u1ee5c, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t … trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u0103ng l\u1eef Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn ra r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i n\u0103ng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1edf nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5 ra v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19-20 k\u00e9o theo cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. <\/p>\n

\"clip_image008\"<\/a> <\/p>\n

Michelangelo – \u201cThe Creation of Adam\u201d – Tranh fresco s\u01a1n tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 Sistine Chapel (kho\u1ea3ng 1511-1512)<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1eady, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb ngai v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cho Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. <\/p>\n

Khi khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf phong ki\u1ebfn to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 thi th\u1ed1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 cung \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u1ea3 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00fa ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, c\u00e0ng tinh x\u1ea3o c\u00e0ng kh\u00e9o tay c\u00e0ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong ph\u00fac \u00e2m, c\u00e0ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng sang tr\u1ecdng c\u00e0ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vua ch\u00faa, qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c. C\u00e1i m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i trong b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p trong m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t. N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tinh x\u1ea3o, linh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 qu\u00ed ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, phi c\u00e1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 phi c\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"La<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Marie-Guillemine Benoist – Portrait of  a Negress (1799-1800) (T\u00e2n C\u1ed5 \u0110i\u1ec3n) <\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0u trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m, quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra cho gi\u1edbi ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt phong ph\u00fa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o tay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u00ean th\u1ef1c c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n v\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a anh em nh\u00e0 Lumi\u00e8re ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i t\u1ec9a t\u00f3t t\u1eebng b\u00e0n tay, c\u00e1nh hoa … m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m thay h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9n m\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. B\u00f9 l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd r\u1ea3nh tay \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ed3n cho t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng qui \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean. <\/p>\n

Cali, th\u00e1ng 9, 2015
Tr\u1ecbnh Cung<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1i m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi phong ki\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i trong b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p trong m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t. N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tinh x\u1ea3o, linh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 qu\u00ed ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, phi c\u00e1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 phi c\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":507,"featured_media":39160,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[291,177],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cau-chuyen-nghe-thuat","category-van-hoa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/507"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39169"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53259,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39169\/revisions\/53259"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}