{"id":3847,"date":"2009-02-05T01:03:00","date_gmt":"2009-02-05T01:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/3847"},"modified":"2022-02-23T11:06:28","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T11:06:28","slug":"so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/3847\/so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-7","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 Th\u1ea3o: B\u00e0i S\u1eed Kh\u00e1c Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam* \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7"},"content":{"rendered":"

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CH\u01af\u01a0NG VII:<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1ed8T TH\u1edcI THAM GIA BI\u1ebeN \u0110\u1ed8NG QU\u1ed0C T\u1ebe<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Sinh l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi cho \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc suy s\u1ee5p v\u00ec t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n thay L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 cho t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn x\u1ebfp L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c. Ngay vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nhau, ta th\u1ea5y Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n L\u00ed. Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c x\u00f4ng x\u00e1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t T\u1ed1ng, Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng qua chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn tan n\u00e1t \u0111i \u201cv\u00e2n du\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, c\u1ea3 hai h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn phi\u00eau l\u01b0u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n vua L\u00ed, t\u00e2m linh v\u1eefng ch\u1ea3i h\u01a1n; Ph\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp quy\u1ec1n H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh h\u01a1n L\u00ed Hu\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i c\u01a1n \u0111i\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 Kh\u00e1nh, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9. C\u00f3 th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1n b\u00e3o t\u00e1p M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua khu v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: Vua quan Tr\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9 Nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qua th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Quang Kh\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thua \u00f4ng em Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi n\u01a1i nh\u00f3m t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong v\u00f9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1ec1 sau, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ea7u Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn \u1ea9n nh\u1eabn theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, l\u00fac nh\u1ecf, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eaft d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00fa Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n\u201d nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 l\u00e0m \u0103n lam l\u0169 nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vua m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m sau c\u00f2n tuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u201ch\u1ea7u vua h\u1ecdc,\u201d c\u00f2n ki\u1ebfm th\u1ea7y cho con. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i khi h\u1ecd l\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t may m\u1eafn cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 khi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn theo v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c l\u00ean c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t. S\u1eed gia Vi\u1ec7t x\u01b0a v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1eed th\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua \u2013 qua l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1eed ra vi\u1ebft s\u1eed n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c h\u1ecd nh\u00e0 vua l\u00fac c\u00f2n m\u1edd m\u1ecbt, s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ed1n nh\u00e1o kh\u00e1c n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng hi v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c ca t\u1ee5ng v\u0103n v\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn chuy\u1ebfn qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00f4ng x\u00e1o quen thu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3m nguy: X\u01b0ng \u201cTrai Lang,\u201d c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 con vua T\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 do th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u1edf xa kinh \u0111\u00f4, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed5i thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf \u0111i tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ea5y l\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, nhanh nh\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. \u00d4ng vua ch\u00e1u Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u201cnh\u00e0 ta v\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec7t-d\u01b0\u1edbi,\u201d b\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i x\u0103m r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u00e0 ta\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 r\u1ed3i. Th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 \u1edf l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi: \u201cH\u1ed3i qu\u1ed1c s\u01a1, qu\u00e2n s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u x\u0103m h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3ng \u1edf b\u1ee5ng, \u1edf l\u01b0ng v\u00e0 hai b\u1eafp \u0111\u00f9i…\u201d L\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cs\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t M\u00e2n Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y n\u00ean TT<\/i> b\u1ea3o \u201cc\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i [Tr\u1ea7n] l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Qu\u1ebf L\u00e2m,\u201d r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t An Qu\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Ch\u00ed Linh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y nay, \u201c\u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c, tinh th\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 sau kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ed9 ra trong sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00d4ng vua \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i th\u1ea5y t\u00f9 t\u00fang trong v\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh li\u1ec1n sai l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00f3 m\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n Gi\u00f3 N\u01b0\u1edbc \/ Phong Thu\u1ef7. L\u1ee5t ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i ch\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2m cung phi tri\u1ec1u c\u0169, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ea5t v\u1ee3, xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi vua kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng \u201cthuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn xin h\u00e0ng.\u201d Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng vua sau m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y n\u0103m l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a L\u00ed m\u00e0 v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n quen thu\u1ed9c!<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh phi\u00eau l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea3n. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o t\u1ed9c H\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9c th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m b\u00ean l\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn ri\u00eang l\u00e0 Soisang yan (\u201cthu\u1ef7 sinh nh\u00e2n\u201d) c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec g\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3n Gia L\u00e3o. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c kho\u1ea3ng 800 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft \u201cch\u00e2n ng\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf bi\u1ec3n, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 6 ng\u00f3n,\u201d \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 \u0111u\u00f4i! Sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i m\u1edbi ch\u00f4n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft h\u00e0u, m\u00f2 ng\u1ecdc trai, th\u1edd r\u1ed3ng n\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Long H\u1ed9. T\u00ean t\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay, theo tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ch\u1eef c\u0169 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 \u201cman\u201d h\u00e0m \u00fd khinh mi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 mang t\u00ean (H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t) \u0110an\/\u0110\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u1edf h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb B\u00ecnh Than v\u1ec1 sau. Nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ea3n \u1edf Ch\u00ed Linh v\u1edbi cha (?) con Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00f3 Duy\u1ec7t, Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 tuy c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00e2p v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ea7n Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vua. Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00f3 Duy\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong s\u1eed nh\u1edd \u00f4ng con Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean s\u1eed m\u1edbi nh\u1eafc chuy\u1ec7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tham gia v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 Th\u0103ng Long (ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1281 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a Tr\u1ea7n Di \u00c1i v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m con nu\u00f4i \u2013 theo t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch li\u00ean minh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u, l\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. \u00dd th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 l\u1edbn theo th\u1eddi th\u1ebf th\u1ea5y trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng d\u00e2m v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Tr\u1ea7n, d\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm binh quy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ngang th\u1ebf th\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi, l\u1ea5y l\u00ed do m\u1eafc lo kinh doanh ri\u00eang hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng vua ch\u00e1u (Anh T\u00f4ng), c\u00f3 b\u1ecb qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ecf v\u1ec1 \u1ea5p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng sao c\u1ea3. H\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c ngang ng\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung cho c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng qua s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4 Hai Hu\u1ec7 h\u1eadu l\u00fac c\u00f2n ch\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ngay \u1edf vi\u1ec7c Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y c\u1ef1u Hu\u1ec7 h\u1eadu, vi\u1ec7c Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi em ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 b\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u1ea5t. T\u00ednh n\u1ed9i h\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3, l\u00fac sang qu\u00fd th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed do b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh cho d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb kia th\u00ec th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t \u201c\u0111\u1ecbch\u201d, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y-v\u1edbi-nhau, t\u00ednh n\u1ed9i h\u00f4n c\u00e0ng g\u1eaft gao th\u00eam v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00fac b\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3nh l\u1ea5y ch\u1ecb d\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng h\u01a1n L\u00ed \u1edf ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy suy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi anh em, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng cai tr\u1ecb \u00eam \u1ea3 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tuy s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00f4ng em Nh\u1eadt Quang (TT<\/i> cho l\u00e0 em c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng Ngh\u1ec7 An c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng, \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i s\u1eed s\u00e1ch m\u1ed1i nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i c\u1ed1t nh\u1ee5c. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng con h\u1edd Qu\u1ed1c Khang c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 con ru\u1ed9t, c\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec7 to l\u1edbn \u1edf ch\u00e2u Di\u1ec5n, khi b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a th\u00ec m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00eam xu\u00f4i. S\u1eed quan n\u00f3i th\u1eadt r\u00f5, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n anh em \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n ti tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vun b\u1ed3i cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00e0n b\u00e0y ra ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qua c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ecb h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cao th\u1ea5p, \u0111i theo \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n xa v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ta v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t gh\u00ecm n\u00e9n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t Tr\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u \u2013 Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tho\u1ea3ng qua \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ed do t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, hay nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i khi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 l\u00fac qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean sang, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1ea3i h\u01a1n th\u1ebf ph\u00e2n li.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00ec \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 cho Tr\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u0169ng t\u1eeb d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n uy cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf n\u01a1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p cho \u00f4ng vua b\u00e9 con Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf theo nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7ng. \u00d4ng vua-cha c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean \u00f4ng vua-con khi ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111e do\u1ea1 tru\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf Anh T\u00f4ng khi \u00f4ng n\u00e0y say r\u01b0\u1ee3u; D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3 tay khi Minh T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 hai ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Thi\u1ec7u Phong (1341-1357) m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecb (1358-1369) l\u00fac vua-cha ch\u1ebft \u0111i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u201ckh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft\u201d nh\u01b0 Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh Nguy\u00ean, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c quan h\u1edd ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec d\u00e2ng t\u00f9 binh cho Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng cho vua-con \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 binh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng: \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi! Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn cho trong giao thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng vua-cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 L\u00ea T\u1eafc v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u1ebf t\u1eed\u201d ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong chuy\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Di \u00c1i \u0111i s\u1ee9, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t ra chi\u1ebfu l\u1eadp \u201cch\u00fa h\u1ecd\u201d c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng l\u00e0m An Nam Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ee9 b\u1ef1c t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho vua \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n: Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng! L\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vua Nguy\u00ean nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, vua Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o? C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gia \u0111\u00ecnh vua kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u1edf \u1ea5p Bi\u1ec3n qu\u00ea m\u00f9a r\u1ed3i mang t\u00ean v\u0103n minh: h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110a\/Tinh C\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1\u00ed ch\u00f4n 3 \u00f4ng vua kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vua (1234), n\u01a1i c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n b\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c tin c\u1ea9n. H\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c, n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kinh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t (1237), c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c. Cho n\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i La Tr\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb L\u00ed, L\u00ea T\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ghi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt hai ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi: Long H\u01b0ng (\u0110a C\u01b0\u01a1ng), Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (T\u1ee9c M\u1eb7c). S\u1eed c\u00f2n ghi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 danh v\u1ecdng: Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n \u1edf V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp, Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf Qu\u1eafc H\u01b0\u01a1ng, Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u1ea9n \u1edf Ch\u00ed Linh. Tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u201ctr\u1ea1i\u201d th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c cai tr\u1ecb h\u1eb3n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1: Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u \u1edf Thanh Ho\u00e1, Qu\u1ed1c Khang v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u \u1edf ch\u00e2u Di\u1ec5n. H\u1ecd \u201c\u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec7 n\u01a1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi ch\u1ea7u h\u1ea7u th\u00ec v\u1ec1 kinh, h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec7\u201d. \u0110\u00e3 b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u1edd th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u1ed5. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai kh\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i \u2013 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e0ng c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft khi nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u, c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa do \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng gia n\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea ng\u0103n m\u1eb7n, c\u00e0y x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i, m\u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1n trang m\u1edbi (1266). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t hay ti\u00eau pha qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i lu\u1ef5 v\u00e0o gia th\u1ea7n k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng con \u00fat Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng l\u00ea l\u1ebft n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung c\u00e1ch r\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf ch\u00e2n r\u1ebft di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1t c\u1ee9 c\u01b0\u1edbp quy\u1ec1n. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp theo t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ri\u00eang t\u01b0, Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n ti d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, quan l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ai.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng l\u00ean c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, thay th\u1ebf ngay \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, n\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a L\u00ed l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. H\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 trung th\u00e0nh m\u1edf ra li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u01b0, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c (1214, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u201c\u0111\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u00e1i u\u00fd\u201d \/ \u0110\u1ed7 Anh V\u0169?), m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c ng\u00f4i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1227, c\u00f3 \u201ctrai g\u00e1i b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng xem ch\u1eadt n\u00edch b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn.\u201d S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec1u c\u0169 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u00faa m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1eabn noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00ed d\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh khi\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1n quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u2013 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 nho s\u0129 khoa b\u1ea3ng, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh duy l\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng Nho Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 chen v\u00e0o ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y l\u1ebb t\u1ebb bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c thi l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i vi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c thi Tam gi\u00e1o h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang cho Nho Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh l\u1ec7 tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c cao (1232) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng danh v\u1ecb Tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean, B\u1ea3ng nh\u00e3n, Th\u00e1m hoa (1247) r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

Quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c, th\u1eddi gian th\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1edfng. Lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c san \u0111\u1ecbnh, ghi th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan Ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed \u0111\u00e0i \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n quan l\u1ebb t\u1ebb \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i trong ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p, u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vua. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u00e9p v\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed Tr\u1ea7n Chu Ph\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng can \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua, \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 theo m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c vua ban, gi\u1ea3 say s\u01b0a \u201cgiang tay m\u00e0 h\u00e1t.\u201d D\u1ea7n d\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m, phe ph\u00eda kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m nho s\u0129 quan l\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea7n (\u0110\u1ed7) Kh\u1eafc Chung, \u0110o\u00e0n Nh\u1eef H\u00e0i nh\u00e2n t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng b\u00e0n leo, n\u00f3i l\u00e9n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ch\u1ee7 Tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m gi\u00e0u thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 khi l\u00e0 n\u00f4 b\u1ed9c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean m\u00e0 ta ch\u1ec9 tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1eed quan kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd ghi ch\u00e9p. Vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u Tr\u1ea7n l\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1n trang tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea5n \u00e1t, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 suy s\u1ee5p theo v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn tranh, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i phe ph\u00eda hay b\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1edb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n t\u1eeb b\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft tha v\u1edbi ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 ru\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa. B\u1ecb \u00f4ng ch\u00e1u oan gia Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n theo t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh bu\u00f4ng tu\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 nh\u00e0, c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u1ea5t con g\u00e1i, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng li\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y ngay 2000 kho\u1ea3nh ru\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a L\u00ed b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 trai. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n \u201ckho\u1ea3nh\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a \u201c100 m\u1eabu\u201d nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00ed \u1edf V\u00e2n Nam l\u0103m le tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111em \u201cquan \u0111i\u1ec1n\u201d b\u00e1n r\u1ebb theo ki\u1ec3u v\u1edbt v\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat n\u00e0o hay ch\u00fat n\u1ea5y. Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a thu ho\u1ea1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y quan ni\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed5 th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng trong th\u1eddi L\u00ed l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 thu thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t, thu\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y hoa l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua \u0111\u00fac ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1eb7ng v\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh uy th\u1ebf mua chu\u1ed9c, c\u00f2n Tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 coi nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt trung gian trao \u0111\u1ed5i khi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfm theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i th\u00eam th\u00ec c\u0169ng mon men \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n k\u1ebdm nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n. H\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb sinh ho\u1ea1t trao \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, Tr\u1ea7n \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, b\u1eaft l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng in ng\u00f3n tay (1227, 10 n\u0103m sau v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n), v\u00e0 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i (1280).<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi, Tr\u1ea7n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e9t s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Thanh Ho\u00e1, ch\u00e2u Di\u1ec5n xa (1231). V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bao chi\u1ebfm theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc trung ch\u00e2u t\u1eeb ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n, Tr\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n hai trung t\u00e2m: Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Th\u0103ng Long c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u201cl\u1ea5p c\u00e1c khe k\u00eanh\u201d, x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d \u0111\u00ea ven c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng \u201ct\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n… ngang d\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft\u201d (1248) m\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00e1t c\u1ee9 l\u1ebb t\u1ebb, theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u00fd g\u00e1n cho Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9: \u201cd\u00f9ng ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt tr\u1ea5n y\u1ec3m ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d \u0110\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf.<\/i> Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi ph\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c quan H\u00e0 \u0111\u00ea s\u1ee9, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 canh ch\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb thu\u1ef7 kh\u00e1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111em l\u1ea1i sung t\u00fac m\u1ed9t l\u00fac cho trung ch\u00e2u s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u1ed9 24 c\u1ee7a L\u00ed r\u00fat l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n 12, Tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cai tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ngang t\u1ea7m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. Ch\u00ednh Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh cai tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 \u201cb\u00e9 b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n tay!\u201d Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u0103n th\u1ea7n tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadm \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 \u00edt ra l\u00e0 trong v\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1ec1 sau, danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111i theo v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ta th\u1ea5y ph\u1ee7 <\/i>tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadm, l\u1ed9<\/i> l\u01a1 l\u1eedng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1i xu\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh, c\u00f2n ch\u00e2u,<\/i> ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 thu v\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i quan l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng mang t\u00ednh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cai tr\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i x\u00e9t s\u1ed5 h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u (trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng) tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7nh l\u1eadp s\u1ed5 \u0111inh ban h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf. T\u00ean ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 v\u1eabn \u1edf c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c quan ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1 cao, \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng ban ch\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng c\u01a1m ngu\u1ed9i l\u00fac ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eb7c. Tuy nhi\u00ean L\u00ea T\u1eafc (1285) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5p quan\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n \u201cth\u1ebf t\u1eadp,\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u01b0u t\u00ean trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i bia 1226 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u201c\u1ea5p thang m\u1ed9c\u201d s\u00e1t kinh \u0111\u00f4. H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5p quan v\u00f9ng xa c\u00e0ng gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n: Bia ch\u00f9a H\u01b0ng Ph\u00fac \u1edf Thanh Ho\u00e1 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1ng ch\u00f9a n\u0103m 1324 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u d\u00e0i mang h\u1ecd L\u00ea v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i to\u00e1t, ch\u1ee7 \u201cl\u00e0ng l\u1edbn\u201d L\u00ea B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y ch\u00f9a n\u0103m 1264 m\u00e0 h\u1eb3n L\u00ea T\u1eafc c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1nh Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y Tr\u1ea7n Th\u0103ng Long v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Mi\u1ec1n Tr\u00ean v\u00e0 Mi\u1ec1n D\u01b0\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169 mang t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t (L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u, L\u00ea\/Tr\u1ea7n B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecdng) \u0111em m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba cho \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee7 t\u1edb. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf b\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Than v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00ed Linh L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea7u, cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 li\u00ean minh v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, trung t\u00e2m th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n. Trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng 1289, Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201cx\u1eed t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n hai h\u01b0\u01a1ng Ba \u0110i\u1ec3m, B\u00e0ng H\u00e0\u201d \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xo\u00e1 s\u1ed5 d\u00e2n hai h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, hai h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n l\u00fac chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean n\u0103m 1284. Nh\u01b0ng Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng, g\u1ed9p v\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng chung l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 l\u00e3o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc,\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng trung ch\u00e2u v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf. B\u00e0ng H\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd Nha t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng d\u01b0 ti\u1ec7p k\u00ed,<\/i> ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 1748, quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, d\u1eabn To\u00e0n th\u01b0<\/i> x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ec9nh Chi, gia th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch T\u1eafc (chuy\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1267.) M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ta hi\u1ec3u B\u00e0ng H\u00e0 h\u00e0ng Nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u1edb. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0Tr\u1ea7n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t B\u00e0ng H\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng s\u00edt sao nh\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ec l\u1ecdt M\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ec9nh Chi, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng ta gi\u1ecfi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec3u Hi\u1ec1n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda n\u0103m (1239).<\/p>\n

V\u00f9ng Ch\u00ed Linh c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00f3 Duy\u1ec7t m\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan cha con d\u00f9 s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y th\u00eam d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng ch\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i sau n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 an h\u01b0\u1edfng tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf m\u00f2n v\u1eb9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ed th\u00ec ve b\u00e0 Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gia th\u1ea7n. C\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u1ebfu ta x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 ng\u1ed3i ngay gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111an s\u1ecdt b\u00e1n (nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX k\u1ec3) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gia th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n. \u00d4ng t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i xa \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u uy quy\u1ec1n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00ean m\u1edbi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed quan khen \u201ccoi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng… t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u sung v\u00e0o kho qu\u00e2n (nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc),\u201d gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 con vua l\u00ea l\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01a1i \u201cng\u1ed3i chung m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfu\u201d ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i \u201c\u0111\u01b0a t\u1eb7ng v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c,\u201d qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 s\u1ee3 tai ti\u1ebfng, c\u00f2n ph\u00eda \u00f4ng gia th\u1ea7n th\u00ec qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 s\u1ee3 \u201cTh\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1edf.\u201d C\u00f2n n\u00f3i chi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ven \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. Ta g\u1eb7p h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf h\u1ecd c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. H\u1ecd H\u00e0 v\u00f9ng t\u00e2y b\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi L\u00ed b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn cho qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean. V\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t r\u1eebng n\u00fai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong danh x\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ea1 tr\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7, Ph\u00f3 tr\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7… Tuy L\u00ea T\u1eafc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 quan tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb3n tu\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u00e3 ban c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea5n\u201d kia.<\/p>\n

Trong quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 chen v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u1edf n\u00ean uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00ec l\u00ed do th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi: S\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Loa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 khi thi\u00eau x\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, x\u01b0\u01a1ng tro \u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1eadu ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed tinh ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea5y ch\u01a1i, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1edd \u00f4ng s\u01b0 l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp, \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i! \u00d4ng Tr\u1ea7n Tung c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0103n th\u1ecbt, c\u00f2n l\u1ea5y l\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n b\u00e1c. Ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf v\u1ee3, n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa ch\u1ebft \u0111i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c, l\u00ed do ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh con vua! C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng anh v\u1ee3 Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i b\u00e0 v\u1ee3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf \u0111i tu \u2013 l\u1ea1i \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t \u201cphe\u201d kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129! Th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf ra \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i, Tr\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i phong v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp: Ph\u00f9ng T\u00e1 Chu, Ph\u1ea1m Kinh \u00c2n. Con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd L\u00ea c\u0169 th\u00e0nh h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n (B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecdng) n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean. Ngay \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed7 Kh\u1eafc Chung, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong v\u1ee5 \u0111i g\u1eb7p \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi (1285) th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 sau. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 d\u00f9 tung ho\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 trong v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng d\u00e2m v\u1edbi Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, l\u00fac ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gia n\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9. Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o v\u0103n v\u00f5 to\u00e0n t\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i nu\u00f4i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, r\u1ed3i khi lu\u1ed3n l\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0a con g\u00e1i v\u00e0o cung th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u00e0 phi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ng\u00f3 ng\u00e0ng t\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u00e0m b\u00e0 v\u00e3i. Nho th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gia th\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i, th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 n\u1ea5y n\u00ean l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n qua Chi\u00eam v\u1eabn l\u1ea1y \u00f4ng \u201cqu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7\u201d c\u00e1i x\u1ee9 d\u01b0\u1edbi tay ch\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0110o\u00e0n Nh\u1eef H\u00e0i, th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Di, \u0110\u1ecbch trong kinh s\u1eed, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gia th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, m\u1edbi b\u1ecf l\u1ea1y vua Chi\u00eam \u2013 m\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u00edn, ph\u1ea3i ranh ma t\u00ecm m\u00e1nh l\u1edbi th\u1eed \u00fd \u201cqu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7\u201d: L\u1ea1y chi\u1ebfu vua \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

Gia th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf t\u1eadp ch\u1ee9 quan n\u00f4, gia n\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn g\u1ed1c t\u00f9 binh, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, g\u00e1n n\u1ee3… mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, c\u00f4ng t\u00edch v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi \u201ch\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e2y qu\u00fdt\u201d (Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng.) H\u1ecd c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ean lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt: Voi R\u1eebng, C\u1ed3ng C\u1ed9c (T\u00ean Y\u1ebft Ki\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Ch\u00f3 S\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn sinh ho\u1ea1t s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho t\u00ean C\u1ed3ng C\u1ed9c, lo\u1ea1i chim nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft c\u00e1 cho ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, T\u00e2y Giang c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay.) V\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng quan ch\u1ee9c, s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 do, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf cho vua quan, l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta go\u1ecb l\u00e0 b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh, th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n, khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng. L\u00fac m\u1edbi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ra quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh \u201c\u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u00ednh.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 do trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng m\u00e0 L\u00ea T\u1eafc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0ng th\u00e2u l\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ebf\u201d n\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1edbt g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho d\u00e2n.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecdc qua s\u1eed th\u1ea7n nho gia, ta th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea5y, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac th\u1ea5y vua mua ng\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft, mua v\u1ea3i \u201cgi\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda (m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 dry cleaning ng\u00e0y nay?)\u201d may \u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m m\u1eb7c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5t trong kho khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng…<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ea7ng c\u1ea5p. Vua, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, quen v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, b\u1ef1c b\u00f5 trong cung c\u1ea5m, \u0111i ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00eam coi ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y (Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng) b\u1ecb b\u1ecdn v\u00f4 l\u1ea1i n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u (Anh T\u00f4ng.) Vua g\u1ea3 con m\u1edf h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn, \u201cb\u00e0y tr\u00f2 cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong tri\u1ec1u ngo\u00e0i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn xem.\u201d \u0110\u00e1m tang c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang chen l\u1ea5n, x\u00fam x\u00edt coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m ma m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1edf m\u01b0u m\u1eb9o m\u1edbi \u0111em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e0i \u0111i ch\u00f4n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 trong l\u1eddi H\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 cho th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u1edb, k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u01a1n ph\u00fac ban xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng… Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 vua ch\u00faa, th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn an nguy b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00fai nh\u00ecn, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp n\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng kia.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c xa…<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac tranh ch\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c xa t\u00edt m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 nghe tho\u00e1ng trong v\u0103n th\u01a1 s\u00e1o ng\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n ch\u1ebft (1227) ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi Tr\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c, ph\u1ea3i chia nh\u1ecf ra nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n. Nam T\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t n\u01b0\u1edbc Kim n\u0103m 1234, khi\u1ebfn T\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh con m\u1ed3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t, k\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, sau s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa. Nam T\u1ed1ng tuy y\u1ebfu \u1edbt nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng n\u00ean qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng th\u01b0a th\u1edbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nam l\u00ean. Cho n\u00ean n\u0103m 1253, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Ng\u1ed9t L\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ee3p Thai v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng Kim Sa (th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n Irrawaddi?) \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00ed, khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf V\u00e2n Nam. H\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u1edf s\u00e1t n\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi hai n\u01b0\u1edbc. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t T\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng (1241) c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u0103m d\u00f2 l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c c\u0169ng v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn tai Tr\u1ea7n n\u00ean n\u0103m sau h\u1ecd sai t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p c\u00e1c to\u00e1n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1edd c\u1eady, li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi T\u1ed1ng d\u00f9 sao v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn. B\u00ean trong, Tr\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n minh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd: \u201cN\u1ebfp nh\u00e0 theo ngh\u1ec1 v\u00f5… \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi chu\u1ed9ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m\u201d nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng d\u1eb7n con ch\u00e1u. L\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ed5 \u0111inh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ed nay theo v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u1edf r\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Quy ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u201cqu\u00e2n\u201d n\u0103m 1246 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1eadp trung n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n h\u1ea1 du. L\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ra l\u00e0m quan ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u01b0u t\u00fa ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch thu\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn v\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i l\u00ednh ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ta hi\u1ec3u ra \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Trong H\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafng m\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7, vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111e do\u1ea1. \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 nh\u01b0ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 nh\u01b0 L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u, L\u00ea (Tr\u1ea7n) B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecdng…<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i lo \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda nam. Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p t\u1eeb 1220, ph\u1ea3i lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Jaya Paramesvaravarman II cho l\u00e0m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee3i, khai kh\u1ea9n ru\u1ed9ng hoang. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c qua ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chi\u00eam c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn h\u01a1n, nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169. \u0110i\u1ec1u s\u1eed c\u0169 ghi r\u1eb1ng Chi\u00eam l\u1ea5y thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1edbp, b\u1eaft c\u00f3c d\u00e2n ven bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u1ebb t\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t cu\u1ed1i L\u00ed suy y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i ra \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vijaya. D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec Tr\u1ea7n khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i lo d\u1eb9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed1i nguy ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam. N\u0103m 1252, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng c\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh Ch\u00e0m, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd gi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Jaya Paramesvaravarman II v\u00ec Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu B\u1ed1 Da La v\u00e0 cung phi \u0111em v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean vua Ch\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1eadn th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 1257-58 tuy l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n sau. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n V\u00e2n Nam l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m m\u0169i b\u1ecdc ph\u00eda nam ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn chi\u1ebfm T\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa M\u00f4ng Kha. Qu\u00e2n Ng\u1ed9t L\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ee3p Thai v\u1edbi 5000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00ed ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3, ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u0111i ti\u00ean phong nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Ph\u00eda Tr\u1ea7n tuy l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eaft giam s\u1ee9 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n vua Tr\u1ea7n b\u00e1n ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh lo ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eb7c n\u0103m 1254 l\u00fac qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00ed, xong n\u0103m 1256 m\u1edbi tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng nam. Vi\u1ec7c Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a anh khi\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee5c c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng sang, khi Tr\u1ea7n Do\u00e3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u1eb9, tr\u1ed1n sang T\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u1eb9 kh\u00e1c (Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n) d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9p l\u00e0m r\u1ec3 \u00f4ng vua, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd nghe l\u1eddi tr\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cha mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn c\u0169ng k\u1ecbp nh\u1edb m\u1ed1i h\u1eadn b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0103n tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n cho vua. Cho n\u00ean trong tr\u1eadn gi\u00e1p m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vua \u201cth\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfn, x\u00f4ng pha t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n, ngo\u1ea3nh tr\u00f4ng t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c m\u01b0u s\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c! Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng (1258), L\u00ea T\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n, ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng coi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u1ea5n ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh l\u1eafm trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Sau n\u00e0y Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng g\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00e0 cho t\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 (nh\u00e0) Tr\u1ea7n, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng s\u1eed quan mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tuy\u00ean hu\u1ea5n m\u1edbi gi\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed ra ch\u00ea m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ebft, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi kinh \u0111\u00f4, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n. \u00d4ng em Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi han k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch th\u00ec run s\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft qu\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 huy \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea7u T\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u phe chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n m\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, l\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd c\u1eady n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u tai ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi s\u1eed quan: Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9. V\u00e0 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3, c\u1ef1u Hu\u1ec7 h\u1eadu. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n k\u1ecb binh M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 quen tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 V\u00e2n Nam h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau hao th\u00eam v\u00ec nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd H\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u00e1nh. L\u00ed do s\u1eed quan g\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y danh x\u01b0ng \u201cgi\u1eb7c Ph\u1eadt\u201d v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed m\u1ea5y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00ed \u2013 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4ng vua b\u1ecf ng\u00f4i c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m s\u00e3i, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 ra d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0: t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n, k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 s\u01b0 s\u00e3i \u2013 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u00e0i Thung ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o v\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e3 man n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed gia ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 s\u1eed quan x\u01b0a v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Kh\u00f4ng ai mang qu\u00e2n qua x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea5y. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u0169i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o xa c\u00f5i g\u1ed1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nh\u1ecf 1258 c\u0169ng coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 cho tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c, <\/i><\/p>\n

th\u01b0\u1eddng hay k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi Nguy\u00ean Phong <\/i>(1251- 1258).<\/p>\n

(d\u1ecbch th\u01a1 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf V\u00e2n Nam th\u00ec nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd. Cho n\u00ean khi Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i, b\u00e1o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi T\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng voi th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u1eed L\u00ea Ph\u1ee5 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111i s\u1ee9 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp y\u00eau s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng l\u1ea5n \u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1260, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ebf, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean (1271), coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Trung Hoa, h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, ph\u00eda nam, th\u00eam t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi. Cho n\u00ean Nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft Tr\u1ea7n n\u1ea1p c\u1ed1ng l\u1ec5 ba n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tinh hoa nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, bu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1t L\u1ed7 Hoa X\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (1262). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 N\u1eadu L\u1ea1t \u0110inh (1262-63). C\u00e1c to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n, tha h\u1ed3 nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5u \u201cth\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i ng\u1ecdc l\u1ee5a… gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u V\u00e2n Nam V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 thu b\u1ea1c v\u00e0ng…\u201d (H\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129)<\/i> khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec3n l\u00ednh, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169, l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (1261, 1267), ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed, chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n, t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch H\u1ea1c, ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a kinh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111i kinh l\u00ed mi\u1ec1n L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n (1263), m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vua Tr\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i sang ch\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0a con ch\u00e1u l\u00e0m con tin, n\u1ea1p s\u1ed5 b\u1ed9, ph\u00fa thu\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch… (1267) \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi quy ch\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c th\u00ec Tr\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng. Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u00ec Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, mua chu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1ch li \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf h\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o l\u00fac H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfm h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t Nam T\u1ed1ng (1275-1279), t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 L\u1ec5 b\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 S\u00e0i Thung h\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi l\u1ec5 ti\u1ebft, v\u1eb7n v\u1eb9o l\u00ed do Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng sang ch\u1ea7u (1279). V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t danh t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia (1275) Nguy\u00ean h\u1ea1 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f2i con em v\u00e0o ch\u1ea7u n\u00ean c\u1eed ch\u00fa h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Di \u00c1i sang (1281). Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp cho H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Di \u00c1i l\u00e0m An Nam Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi S\u00e0i Thung mang 1000 qu\u00e2n h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 Ti An Nam tuy\u00ean u\u00fd (1282). Di \u00c1i tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m: Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f2n Di \u00c1i th\u00ec l\u00e0m l\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00ednh-nh\u00e0! \u00d4ng vua \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00ean g\u1edfi \u0111i m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ch\u00fa h\u1ecd<\/i> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa ru\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch T\u1eafc, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt hay \u00edt ra l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Quang X\u01b0\u1edfng khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Cho n\u00ean s\u1eed quan ghi gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb: \u201cTh\u00e1ng 4, b\u1ecdn Tr\u1ea7n Di \u00c1i \u0111i s\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ee7i ro cho Tr\u1ea7n Di \u00c1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u00fd, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh danh t\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch. S\u00e0i Thung ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n, ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ho\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00fac ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec7n th\u00ec l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Thung l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ecdc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 gi\u1eb7c \u201cl\u0103ng nh\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh… b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t t\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5\u201d \u0111\u00f3 sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi H\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 m\u1eafng m\u1ecf \u201cc\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn ch\u1ee7 nh\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft lo, th\u00e2n ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ed1c s\u1ec9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1eb9n…\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00ean th\u00f9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c? Tuy nhi\u00ean d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng quay qu\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a \u00e2m m\u01b0u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Nguy\u00ean nh\u00ecn ra v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp t\u1eebng t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 sang c\u1ea3 cho Nam T\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Vijaya trong m\u1eaft b\u00e3o bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng: bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Hoa c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb uy hi\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p c\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 r\u1ebbo thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00eda nam tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng T\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 s\u00e1ng r\u1ee1 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch \u00f4ng vua ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ch\u1ebft trong l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y (Huy T\u00f4ng.) Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c T\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00fac th\u1eadt cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u, th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn sinh ra b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t minh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y thay th\u1ebf, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ch\u1ea1y qua, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f9i ch\u00f4n trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f4 s\u1ed1. S\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua khi v\u00e0o Trung nguy\u00ean, ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng ph\u00eda nam, n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. N\u0103m 1277, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti Th\u1ecb b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 thu thu\u1ebf, n\u0103m sau l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u00e0nh Trung th\u01b0 t\u1ec9nh, \u1edf Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u, c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ebfn, cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do mua b\u00e1n, r\u1ed3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n (1280). \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp kia c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c b\u00e1m v\u00edu \u1edf Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 tr\u00f4ng coi h\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 Toa \u0110\u00f4 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an nguy c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf trong d\u00f2ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u1edf bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y nay khi m\u00f2 t\u00ecm c\u1ed5 v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eafm \u1edf d\u1ecdc b\u1edd \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u. L\u00ea T\u1eafc vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ghi ph\u1ea7n trung gian bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n: \u201cL\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e9 bi\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n \u0111i qua c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1ea1i phi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7i, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda Nam.\u201d Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XII, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, Trung Hoa chuy\u1ec3n sang bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi Java v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Th\u00e1i tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Malacca, g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Nam \u1ea4n. H\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u \u1edf Java l\u1ea1i r\u1ebb h\u01a1n n\u00ean nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o T\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7 n\u1eefa. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m b\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t an \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecf trong v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. S\u00e1ch L\u0129nh ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1p<\/i> nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng, \u00edt \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. L\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c vua ch\u00faa t\u1eeb ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u2013 bia ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y 1\/6 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thu 1\/10, cho l\u00e0 vua ban \u01a1n m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ea5y v\u1ec1. L\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thuy\u1ec1n gh\u00e9 b\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n thu b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n b\u00ean trong. Cho n\u00ean Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef an ninh b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c k\u1ec1m gi\u1eef th\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng to\u00e1n c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed1i nguy t\u1ef1 b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i quy v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c vua Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1eafn b\u1ea3o tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cho n\u00ean nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng an ninh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u0110\u0103t ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1281 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, cho n\u00ean khi Toa \u0110\u00f4 m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t \u1edf Vijaya th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh Chi\u00eam c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ng\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a. Tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng Vijaya \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb n\u01a1i \u1ea5y. S\u1ee9 \u0111i \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111i Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Vijaya l\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00ean Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u00ean s\u1eed<\/i> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ghi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u, \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao h\u01a1n danh x\u01b0ng T\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u Nh\u1eef Qu\u00e1t (Ch\u01b0 phi\u00ean ch\u00ed<\/i> 1225.) L\u1ed1i v\u00e0o kinh \u0111\u00f4 mang t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc: Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 Sri Banoi hay Vinaya c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, Thi L\u1ecb B\u00ec N\u1ea1i th\u1eddi L\u00ed, T\u00ec Ni th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, c\u1eeda N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 K\u1ebb Th\u1eed \/ C\u00e1ch Th\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n cho s\u1ee9 sang Nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7u th\u00e2n, c\u1ed1ng voi, n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, Indravarman V (1266-1285?) cho th\u1ea5y danh hi\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ecb ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn… vua c\u1ee7a Champa\u201d (1280). G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn\u201d h\u1eb3n v\u00ec ngo\u00e0i quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n \u201cm\u1ecdi\u201d Kiratas, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1p Ch\u00e0m Yang Prong, Yang Mum c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh trong toan t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean Nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ea1t L\u1ed7 Hoa X\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i th\u1eb3ng vua Chi\u00eam sang ch\u1ea7u v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00f9ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o (\u0111\u1ea7u 1282.) T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1282, Toa \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p 5000 qu\u00e2n, 100 h\u1ea3i thuy\u1ec1n, 250 chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb vi\u1ec5n chinh. Nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng sai s\u1ee9 sang \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f2i m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e2n, bu\u1ed9c cung c\u1ea5p l\u00ednh tr\u00e1ng, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean kinh \u0111\u00f4, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh g\u1ed7, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u00e1y b\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1eadn b\u1eaft to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nguy\u00ean gh\u00e9 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh, d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 \u0111i ra v\u00f9ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1282, Toa \u0110\u00f4 xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ee9 ph\u1ee7 d\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3ng Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n l\u00e0m l\u1ea5p c\u1ea3ng, khi\u1ebfn cho v\u00f9ng n\u00fai (\u0111\u1ea3o) ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean th\u1ea5y, nay \u0111\u00e3 d\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ea3y qua Vijaya c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh \u0111i th\u1eb3ng ra bi\u1ec3n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n l\u01b0u \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea3 \u1edf s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a: \u201cC\u1eeda c\u1ea3ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 5 c\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf, th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam c\u00f3 n\u00fai ng\u0103n…\u201d Toa \u0110\u00f4 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh g\u1ed7, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean Vijaya, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ebfm c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, C\u1ea3nh H\u00e0ng (c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 \u201cCanh H\u00e3n\u201d tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong 1774), \u0110\u1eadp \u0110\u00e1, r\u1ed3i chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4 (19-2-1283).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean Toa \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: b\u1eaft qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn x\u01b0a m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecf qua. Trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn 1258, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ed9t L\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ee3p Thai v\u00ec b\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Toa \u0110\u00f4 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Uy th\u1ebf \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng 5000 qu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n (chi ti\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, hu\u1ed1ng chi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng c\u0169, m\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Toa \u0110\u00f4 c\u00f2n t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang sai hai t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p th\u00ec nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i. V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, Toa \u0110\u00f4 hi v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 Chi\u00eam ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng trao \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 qua l\u1ea1i trong th\u00e1ng 2, th\u00e1ng 3-1283 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nay theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u0103ng\u201d s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, th\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u ho\u00e0 ho\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee3i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Th\u1eadt ra l\u1ea5y suy ngh\u0129 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ra m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00eda Toa \u0110\u00f4 mong b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Chi\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u00edt t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00eda Chi\u00eam c\u0169ng nh\u1eafm xem v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Toa \u0110\u00f4 theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chung c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam n\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i tuy ph\u00eda h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i ng\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn Chi\u00eam ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vu kh\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 c\u1edb v\u00ec v\u1ec1 sau th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho Toa \u0110\u00f4. S\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong n\u1eb1m ngay ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t trong ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Toa \u0110\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o vi\u00ean s\u1ee9 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1eadu c\u1ee7a vua Chi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng g\u00ec. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng, \u0111em nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c Chi\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nghi, l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ch\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh khi l\u00e0m m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u00e0y v\u1ebd k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng \u201cC\u1ef1u Ch\u00e2u\u201d ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u201ct\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n\u201d \u0111i theo Toa \u0110\u00f4 ra b\u1eafc b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft h\u01a1n 30 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Chi\u00eam gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1285. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng ph\u00eda tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Harijit s\u1ebd l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (1285?) v\u1edbi t\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u Jaya Shinhavarman (IV), t\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Ch\u1ebf M\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1eb1ng co kh\u00f4ng xong, Toa \u0110\u00f4 nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn, bi\u1ebft c\u0103n c\u1ee9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u00fai Nha H\u1ea7u (Ia -?) ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Vijaya n\u00ean sai t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn hay kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 s\u00e2u trong r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u00ean c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cli\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 doanh tr\u1ea1i.\u201d Nh\u1eefng toan t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1283 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng sai l\u1ea7m chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, ph\u00eda thu\u1ef7 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ebfn Vijaya (th\u00e1ng 4-1284) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Toa \u0110\u00f4, l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u00d4, R\u00ed gi\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Chi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng Toa \u0110\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t Chi\u00eam, \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed uy hi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t trong m\u01b0u t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfm \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 trong l\u1eddi t\u00e2u v\u1edbi H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1284. Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng khen ng\u1ee3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u Toa \u0110\u00f4 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t 1285 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t k\u0129, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i t\u1eed Tho\u00e1t Hoan mang theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, do kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u1ea3 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt trong l\u1eddi Tho\u00e1t Hoan nh\u1eafn v\u1edbi vua Tr\u1ea7n: \u201cS\u1edf d\u0129 d\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u00ec Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec An Nam.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean \u201cAn Nam\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n 20 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua t\u1eeb tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ngay t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1eed quan ch\u00ea \u201cch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi con th\u00ec vua \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m th\u01a1, vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y con ch\u00e1u, c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kinh s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch T\u1eafc \u1edf th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u1eadt n\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng: \u201cth\u00f4ng minh, hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc… kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec1 g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tinh th\u1ea1o… t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp v\u0103n s\u0129 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng… \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i… d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, s\u1eed quan c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf l\u1eddi khen t\u1ee5ng \u201cth\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n ba m\u1eaft t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi sai xu\u1ed1ng… th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d Trong t\u1ed9c Tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u00cdch T\u1eafc \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u01b0u t\u1eadp. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tranh gi\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh em kh\u00e1c. Tuy c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gia t\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u \u2013 gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i Tr\u1ea7n L\u00e3o \u201cl\u00e0m th\u01b0 n\u1eb7c danh ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u2018nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2019 \u2013 vua: Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng,\u201d c\u00f4ng khai nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Ki\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i th\u00f9 c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u1eb9, ch\u1ecbu ho\u00e0 ho\u00e3n v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Quang Kh\u1ea3i, v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng Ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi (L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u), tuy c\u00f2n qua h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau qu\u00fd, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y x\u00fac c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng, coi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9. Cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd, L\u00ea (Tr\u1ea7n) B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc Nam.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 , qu\u00ean m\u1ed1i th\u00f9 vua b\u00eanh Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n sai \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Th\u0103ng Long. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ri\u00eang r\u1ebd khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u1edf th\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec7n Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00f5i (cu\u1ed1i 1284) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh. C\u0169ng n\u00ean k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00f5i, v\u00ec t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n, binh ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00ed chi\u1ebfn, uy hi\u1ebfp tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u binh T\u1ed1ng trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di d\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u1edf B\u00ecnh Than, v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n (v\u0169ng Tr\u1ea7n X\u00e1), l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u0103m quan,\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh \u0111\u00f4 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e2n t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ee1 ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, bi\u1ec3n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean hai h\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e0ng H\u00e0, Ba \u0110i\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng gi\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00eau t\u00ean xo\u00e1 s\u1ed5 khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u201cm\u1ed9t h\u00f2m bi\u1ec3u xin h\u00e0ng\u201d qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean, b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 vua Tr\u1ea7n sai \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i cho \u0111\u1ee1 ph\u00e1t sinh r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i hay b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n. C\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Toa \u0110\u00f4 k\u00e9o ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Chi\u00eam thu ph\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n Ki\u1ec7n, l\u1ea5n \u00e1p Tr\u1ea7n Quang Kh\u1ea3i, chi\u1ebfm Thanh Ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c hai vua Tr\u1ea7n r\u1eddi b\u1ecf kinh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng. Di chuy\u1ec3n linh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n gi\u00fap hai vua Tr\u1ea7n tho\u00e1t tay gi\u1eb7c, v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thanh Ho\u00e1 sau l\u01b0ng Toa \u0110\u00f4, l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n v\u1eeba tr\u00e0n qua. Di chuy\u1ec3n theo thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 khi\u1ebfn cho binh t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 khi Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o thua \u1edf V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Cho n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc: T\u00e2y K\u1ebft, H\u00e0m T\u1eed, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp, r\u1ed3i T\u00e2y K\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nguy\u00ean r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Tho\u00e1t Hoan r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Th\u0103ng Long (10-6-1285) b\u1ecb ch\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1, t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ebft binh tan, c\u00f2n Toa \u0110\u00f4 ch\u1eadm ch\u00e2n b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi tho\u00e1t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n sau quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn binh. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean qua \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 h\u01a1n n\u1eeda n\u0103m, k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u1eadn b\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh n\u00ean s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i to\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda nam. C\u00e1c to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh r\u00fat lui \u0111\u1ec3 H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn b\u00e1o th\u00f9 ti\u1ebfp theo, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn \u0111i th\u1eb3ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t, g\u1ecdn gh\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t \u201cg\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c (\u0111\u00e1nh) Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, chuy\u00ean vi\u1ec7c Giao Ch\u1ec9,\u201d cho qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ra l\u1ec7nh b\u1ed5 sung qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 cho Tho\u00e1t Hoan. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft trong n\u0103m 1286 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qua n\u0103m 1287. Qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh m\u00e0 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n thu\u1ef7 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn \u1edf l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e2n \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ph\u1ee7, l\u1ed9. Tr\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0 ho\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3 t\u00f9 binh, sai s\u1ee9 c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean v\u1eeba r\u00fat lui, Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e2n \u0111inh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hao h\u1ee5t, th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 trong n\u0103m 1286 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec3n binh, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed, thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8, di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh. Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y ra xa ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n: V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3ng kh\u1ea9u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 giao cho \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 \u201cg\u00e0 ch\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3.\u201d Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean l\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau nh\u01b0 \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u1eefng tin \u1edf ng\u00e0y chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng: \u201cN\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c nh\u00e0n.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u00ed l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. V\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y \u01b0u th\u1ebf thu\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n. Chi\u1ebfn tranh chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n n\u00ean nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eef d\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda n\u00e0y. Tho\u00e1t Hoan ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 2-1288. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi r\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111u\u1ed5i vua Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u00f3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf tr\u00ean su\u1ed1t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Th\u0103ng Long xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n. Nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt l\u1edbn v\u00ec qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ebf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00ecm c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n H\u1ed5, gi\u00e1ng ng\u00f3n \u0111\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Tho\u00e1t Hoan ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00fat lui. Hai c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n thu\u1ef7 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ch\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u01b0u th\u1ebf thu\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng vang d\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i s\u1eed s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng (9-4-1288) b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi, Ph\u00e0n Ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u1ea3 ba cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tranh c\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tranh lu\u1eadn th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean l\u1ea5y l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb trong cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 sau khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. Qu\u00e2n binh M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea1i ri\u00eang \u1edf Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t) nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ca t\u1ee5ng. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadn \u1edf Trung \u00c2u, ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4ng, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 (tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Nguy\u00ean) th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Java ph\u00eda nam th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec khi b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e1nh Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n T\u1ed1ng c\u0169 (b\u1eafc), m\u1edbi (nam), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn 1285, l\u1edbp qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t khi g\u1eb7p qu\u00e2n T\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec3n \u201cb\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n\u201d Toa \u0110\u00f4 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng Tr\u1ea7n. Qu\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u00f4 h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n ch\u00ea, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho Tho\u00e1t Hoan. \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 cho k\u1ecb binh M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1eadn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 tung ho\u00e0nh. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec tr\u1eadm t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n lo l\u1eafng, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec qu\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i thu\u1ef7 th\u1ed5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb ngay \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e2n sa m\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbch \u2013 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eadm th\u00eam. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eafm v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t nghe r\u1eb1ng \u201cgi\u1eb7c B\u1eafc… th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 An Nam H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m g\u1ecdi t\u00ean,\u201d v\u00e0 khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n tr\u1eeb tai d\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ra khi chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn \u0111ang s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi vua tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec th\u1eadt c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, c\u00f3 d\u00e0nh \u1ea9n s\u1ed1 may r\u1ee7i cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0 trong l\u1eddi tr\u1ed1i b\u1ea3o san b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau (Nguy\u00ean!) kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o b\u00e1o th\u00f9.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i lo \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c Tr\u1ea7n. D\u00f9 th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn, Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1n binh \u0111ao, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf qua l\u1ea1i trong chuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean (1291). Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00e9p m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi L\u00ea, L\u00ed giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi T\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i giao kh\u00f4n ngoan cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ngo\u00e0i toan t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tan n\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n \u0111i qua s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long. Tinh th\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t\u201d tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gia th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1p, b\u00e0i b\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u c\u0169: Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch T\u1eafc. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00ean trong \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb n\u00e0o r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ee9 B\u00e0ng H\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c: T\u1ee5 t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng gi\u1eb7c, sau chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng Ba \u0110i\u1ec3m, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y c\u1ea3 \u201cqu\u00e2n, d\u00e2n\u201d m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng M\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ec9nh Chi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u0169ng c\u00f2n con ch\u00e1u s\u1ebd tung ho\u00e0nh \u201cph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i\u201d hay ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u201cch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a\u201d v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t \u2013 Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ebf T\u1ed5, m\u1ea5t \u0111i (1294). V\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trao \u0111\u1ed5i giao ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n, thanh to\u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed7i b\u00ean hi v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng can qua. Tr\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n, ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Nam chinh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ecd tung ra ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o n\u0103m 1292 v\u1eabn khi\u1ebfn hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Chi\u00eam ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i khai th\u00e1c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean minh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan nho gia sau n\u00e0y nh\u00ecn theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft qua vi\u1ec7c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ch\u1ebf M\u00e2n (1306). Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 sang Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3\u00e2l. \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11 (1301). Ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng \u0111i, v\u1ec1 cho ta \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 theo thuy\u1ec1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo quy lu\u1eadt gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a trong v\u00f9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn hai ch\u1eef \u201cv\u00e2n du\u201d d\u00e0nh cho \u00fd ngh\u0129a chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i: Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c giao \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean k\u1ebft, nh\u1eadn ra nhau trong c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch, xung kh\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y l\u00fac S\u00e0i Thung ti\u1ebfp Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n. V\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ph\u00e1i Y\u00ean T\u1eed, qua m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n. <\/i>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00fac Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u1eafp t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1m ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t (1231) \u2013 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p \u1edf \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea5y ch\u1ecb d\u00e2u, b\u1ecf kinh th\u00e0nh l\u00ean ch\u00f9a. B\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n Kho\u00e1 h\u01b0 l\u1ee5c <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn g\u00e1n cho \u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y nghi ng\u1edd v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan, r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec nh\u1edd \u201ct\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi ph\u00fa cho (ch\u1ee9) ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y con \u00f4ng, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u1ecf \u0111i tu nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vua ti\u1ebfp. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea9y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn cho k\u1ebb c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u t\u00fa c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf L\u00ed Cao T\u00f4ng m\u1edbi x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, h\u01a1i v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u thu n\u1ea1p c\u00f2n Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 \u2013 danh x\u01b0ng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp hai th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Ph\u1eadt) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf (Vua) nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng l\u00ean Y\u00ean T\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u1eef quan v\u00e0 cung n\u1eef theo h\u1ea7u!<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n hu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1t sinh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201c\u0111\u00f3i to\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1290, 1291, (r\u1ed3i 1301) \u201cd\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00e1n con trai con g\u00e1i l\u00e0m n\u00f4 t\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t quan ti\u1ec1n\u201d \u2013 b\u1eb1ng ba th\u0103ng g\u1ea1o! T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng vua ph\u1ea3i than v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 Nguy\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o (1292), c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n trong c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n sinh h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng vua l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean th\u00ec th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ea1o tr\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n nho s\u0129 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec than kh\u00f4ng ai nghe \u0111\u1ea1o Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh! \u00dd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o bao tr\u00f9m v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1eb3n gi\u00fap Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ea1i s\u0129 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u00ea a kinh t\u1ea1ng, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Chi\u00eam h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng mang qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh gi\u00e1o m\u00e1c theo. V\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng T\u00ec Ni kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean n\u1eefa n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Siva nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u1edd \u0111\u1ee7 Tam th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Panduranga t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1eafm v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea7m c\u00e1t c\u1ee9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 di t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng xa th\u1eddi l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c, \u1edf trung t\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam) trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 X, c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Vijaya th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ebft l\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, tr\u00ean bia t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XII. Vua Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1 h\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00f9a ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u00fd ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt-V\u01b0\u01a1ng (Buddha-raja) kh\u00f4ng xa r\u1eddi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean-V\u01b0\u01a1ng (Deva-raja). Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn cung \u0111\u00ecnh. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n v\u0103n h\u00ecnh m\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang tr\u00ed \u1edf th\u00e1p M\u1eafm, con r\u1ed3ng Tr\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y \u1edf th\u00e1p H\u01b0ng Th\u1ea1nh (Quy Nh\u01a1n) v\u00e0 th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ba ch\u1ed1t g\u1ea1ch mang ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u201ctr\u1ea7n\u201d m\u1edbi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y (2004, 2006) \u1edf M\u0129 S\u01a1n. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef \u201cTr\u1ea7n\u201d tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, ch\u1ec9 danh t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c t\u00f4n qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2n du.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean tuy \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eb9 \u0111i sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian m\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c phe y\u1ebfu v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf li\u00ean minh. Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00ean th\u1ea5y h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, mang t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i lo toan kh\u00e1c, tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00eam t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. Cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 5 n\u0103m, ph\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ph\u00eda Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh (1305), ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ham g\u00e1i Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec lo cho s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u00ecnh. H\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00eam b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, l\u1edbp nho s\u0129 tuy c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb gia th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ngoi l\u00ean trong th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n, ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ed, n\u1ea5p l\u00e0m gia th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi tuy v\u1ed1n \u00edt h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c cho x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng qu\u00fd n\u00ean nu\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1edf khoa thi thu n\u1ea1p nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean B\u1ea1ch Li\u00eau c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u201cm\u00f4n kh\u00e1ch\u201d cho Tr\u1ea7n Quang Kh\u1ea3i, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p M\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ec9nh Chi v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch T\u1eafc, Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e1n Si\u00eau… v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ean bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p\u201d (\u201cth\u01b0 nhi\u201d) c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Quang X\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n \u0111i Nguy\u00ean… H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong tri\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed7 Kh\u1eafc Chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n, l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh khi\u1ec3n, ngang t\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 khi suy gi\u1ea3m uy th\u1ebf. \u0110o\u00e0n Nh\u1eef H\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1edb xin t\u1ed9i cho \u00f4ng vua con, mang uy th\u1ebf s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Chi\u00eam, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vua \u0111\u1eddi nay m\u00e0 h\u1eb7c t\u1ed9i \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 ngang t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a vua tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong kinh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e1 khi\u1ebfn cho nho s\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t sinh \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khinh mi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1ecf chung quanh \u2013 khinh mi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a th\u1ebf \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d h\u01a1n. Cho n\u00ean h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. \u201cC\u00e1c v\u0103n s\u0129 trong tri\u1ec1u ngo\u00e0i n\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n chuy\u1ec7n vua H\u00e1n g\u1ea3 Chi\u00eau Qu\u00e2n cho Hung N\u00f4, l\u00e0m th\u01a1 qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.\u201d S\u1ef1 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u1edbi kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nho s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam: H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng H\u00e1n g\u1ea3 Chi\u00eau Qu\u00e2n v\u00ec y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ban ph\u00e1t \u01a1n hu\u1ec7. R\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea3 Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n uy th\u1ebf t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c Tr\u1ea7n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00e1c quan trong tri\u1ec1u cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean\u201d nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e1i, con c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ed1c Tr\u1ea7n Quang Kh\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u1eafc Chung, m\u1ed9t nho s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong n\u0103m 1306, Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n c\u0169ng v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ch\u1ebf M\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ch\u00e2u \u00d4, L\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u00ed l\u1ebd l\u1ea5n \u00e1t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a nho gia. M\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Nam ng\u00e0y nay tuy c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u0111ang thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Tr\u1ea7n \u2013 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00fac tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Chi\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh mua b\u00e1n ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 k\u00ed t\u00ean, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 xua qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m sau (1307), Ch\u1ebf M\u00e2n ch\u1ebft, Tr\u1ea7n s\u1ee3 Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t theo n\u00ean sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u1ec1. K\u1ebb thi h\u00e0nh ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tuy l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00ec th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gian nan \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai kh\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu k\u00ea vai g\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y. Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u1eafc Chung bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y n\u00ean d\u1eabn Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n loanh quanh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 ai b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i \u2013 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 sau n\u00e0y b\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ea3ng m\u1eafng th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa hai gia t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay trong tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh khi tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Quanh \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV, l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng. Tr\u1ea7n Quang Kh\u1ea3i \u00edt th\u1ecd nh\u1ea5t (1294), Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n ra \u0111i (1300) g\u00e2y lo l\u1eafng cho Anh T\u00f4ng, Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i sinh m\u1ec7nh (1308), Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt b\u1ec1n dai h\u01a1n (1330) nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef nh\u00e0 khi Anh T\u00f4ng th\u00e2n chinh (1312). Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi n\u1ed1i nhau ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean t\u1ed9c c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n x\u0103m h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd l\u00e0 l\u00fac s\u1eafp chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 (1299). \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c con x\u0103m r\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f9i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u1ec7t D\u01b0\u1edbi\u201d nh\u01b0ng Anh T\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1n l\u00e1nh v\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eebng \u0111e d\u1ecda tru\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n vua khi th\u1ea5y con say r\u01b0\u1ee3u nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o x\u0103m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u201c\u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1\u201d \u0111\u00e3 xa qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00edu k\u00e9o l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 con \u00f4ng, thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ra. R\u1ed3i theo v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean, qu\u00e2n s\u0129 d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng x\u0103m h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3ng n\u1eefa (1323). Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng phai l\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t sinh kh\u00ed. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng Anh T\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho Hu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c V\u01b0\u01a1ng (m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng!): \u201c\u00d4ng cha ta x\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n chay n\u00ean ta b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo, c\u00f2n \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Tr\u1ea7n do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang r\u1ebd. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng Anh T\u00f4ng (l\u00ean ng\u00f4i 1293) c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u201cnho sinh\u201d \u0110o\u00e0n Nh\u1eef H\u00e0i (1299) kh\u00f4ng qua b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng quan n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1i khoa b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ea \u201cmi\u1ec7ng c\u00f2n hoi s\u1eefa.\u201d Tuy v\u1eady th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c thi c\u1eed c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 chi li h\u01a1n (1304). L\u1edbp nho s\u0129 th\u1ea5y ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n n\u00ean c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Ng\u1ea1n 15 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed7 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, kho\u1ea3ng ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecb (1358-1369, D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u201cb\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eafng… thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng… kh\u00f4ng xi\u1ebft k\u1ec3,\u201d c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Chu An d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00e9m quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng tuy ch\u00ea nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean gh\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0o V\u0103n mi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u2013 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t phe, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i s\u1eed quan \u0111\u1eddi sau ch\u00ea r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Chu An cao qu\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i chung b\u00e0n th\u1edd v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e1n Si\u00eau \u201cch\u01a1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u01a1i,\u201d v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1eed B\u00ecnh \u201ctham lam b\u00f2n v\u00e9t\u201d (l\u1eddi Phan Phu Ti\u00ean), \u201cl\u00e9n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp v\u00e0ng c\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3ng Nga,\u201d b\u1ecf vua ch\u1ebft tr\u1eadn (l\u1eddi Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean)… T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt t\u0103m ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn, tuy r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng (Tr\u1ecbnh Tr\u1ecdng T\u1eed 1310) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f3i ranh ma (Hi\u1ec7u Kh\u1ea3, 1327), hay t\u00ednh chi li d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e0n b\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eb7t v\u00e3nh (Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ee5 1305)…<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1296, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 H\u1ea1 ph\u1ea9m) \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c b\u1ecb vua sai \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u1eafc Chung h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n S\u0129 C\u1ed1 (ch\u1ebft 1312), \u201cc\u1eadn th\u1ea7n\u201d h\u1ea7u Anh T\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c \u201chai, ba ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e2u \u0111\u00eam su\u1ed1t s\u00e1ng, ng\u1ed3i ngay tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c m\u00e0 h\u00fap ch\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9…\u201d kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 g\u00ec h\u1ebft. V\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh vua (D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c! B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch kh\u1eaft khe gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ec7u r\u00e3. Ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng con \u00fat Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng m\u00ea ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o. Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u1eafc Chung tham \u0103n khen ng\u1ee3i v\u1ee3 con qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u2013 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ed l\u00e0 n\u00f4, \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n m\u1ea5y, \u1edf ngay qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng vua c\u00f3 gi\u1ecfi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi c\u1eed, su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e1n Si\u00eau g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i cho tam b\u1ea3o n\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u1ebf \u201cv\u00ec m\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 an t\u00e2m ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u00e3i m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111i v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec5n Thuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua sai l\u00e0m v\u0103n g\u1ecdi c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u (1282), v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh vua l\u00e0m ph\u00fa ca t\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi vui v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o (Ph\u1eadt). Ch\u1eef n\u00f4m c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng qu\u1ed1c gia, tuy nhi\u00ean k\u1ebb s\u0129 n\u00f4m c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p n\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n S\u0129 C\u1ed1 mang ch\u1ee9c \u201cH\u1ecdc s\u0129 (\u0111\u1ecdc\/bi\u1ebft) Ng\u00e0n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng coi m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i m\u0169 quan qu\u00e2n! C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 mang danh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn cho lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebb s\u0129 n\u00e0y v\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n S\u0129 C\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u, b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb n\u01a1i l\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Ng\u1ea1n l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ca t\u1ee5ng m\u1ea3 \u00f4ng \u201ch\u1ecdc s\u0129\u201d: Hiu h\u1eaft <\/i>ngh\u00ecn m\u1eabu t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 m\u00e2y. <\/i>Quan l\u1ea1i ganh gh\u00e9t, b\u1edbi m\u00f3c, k\u00e8n c\u1ef1a, c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a nhau \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ebft, h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp quan quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c \u1edf th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi Anh T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn 1312 b\u1eaft Ch\u1ebf Ch\u00ed, \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi em vua c\u0169 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi li\u00ean minh. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Th\u00e1i l\u1ebb t\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt khi s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII, nh\u00f3m Th\u00e1i \u1edf Menam ch\u1ed1ng \u00e1ch Angkor, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cTi\u00eam\u201d ghi trong B\u1eafc s\u1eed, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o M\u00e3 Lai. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng, theo d\u00f2ng N\u1eadm U \u0111\u1ebfn Luang Prabang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV th\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Lan Xang Tri\u1ec7u Voi k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Cho n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Th\u00e1i ti\u00ean phong tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ai Lao \u0111\u1ebfn. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0 ho\u00e3n v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1c M\u1eadt (1281) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh, ki\u1ec3u Qu\u00e1ch T\u1eed Nghi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Hung N\u00f4. Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng th\u1eafng Nguy\u00ean r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i lo ch\u1eadn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y (1290). Tuy n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: b\u1ecb v\u00e2y (1295), ch\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng (Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec3n 1298), ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 (1300) r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Minh T\u00f4ng th\u00e2n chinh (1329) v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1335 vua th\u00e2n chinh \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00eda Ngh\u1ec7 An th\u00ec \u0110o\u00e0n Nh\u1eef H\u00e0i b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i..<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n suy t\u00e0n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, d\u00e0nh n\u01a1i ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00ca T\u1eaeC GHI NH\u1eacN V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ea4T N\u01af\u1edaC C\u0168<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc An Nam x\u01b0a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u1ec9… \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng lo l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, \u0111i bu\u00f4n, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 lo nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m, d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i; \u0103n n\u00f3i hi\u1ec1n ho\u00e0, \u00edt l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n. Th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf x\u1ee9 xa tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i, h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi th\u0103m l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u00e2u Giao, ch\u00e2u \u00c1i th\u00ec r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u00f3 m\u01b0u tr\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Hoan, Di\u1ec5n th\u00ec thu\u1ea7n t\u00fa, ham h\u1ecdc, c\u00f2n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i, th\u1eadt th\u00e0. D\u00e2n hay v\u1ebd m\u00ecnh, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc phong t\u1ee5c v\u00f9ng Ng\u00f4, Vi\u1ec7t. Li\u1ec5u T\u01b0 H\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u01a1: \u201cC\u00f9ng \u0111i t\u1edbi x\u1ee9 d\u00e2n B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ebd m\u00ecnh.\u201d Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng, d\u00e2n \u01b0a t\u1eafm s\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi. Ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169, \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u00ec khoanh tay, ng\u1ed3i th\u00ec x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n. Khi y\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn b\u1eadc tr\u00ean th\u00ec qu\u1ef3 l\u1ea1y ba l\u1ea1y. Ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng tr\u1ea7u cau, \u01b0a \u0103n d\u01b0a, m\u1eafm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3n. U\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7y \u1ed1m, \u0111\u1ebfn 50 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ecfi \u0111i lao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ebft hai ng\u00e0y, vua ng\u1ef1 xe v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan m\u1eb7c tri\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch. Ng\u00e0y 30, vua ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa c\u1eeda \u0110oan C\u1ee7ng, quan l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 xong th\u00ec c\u00f3 con h\u00e1t tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00f2, t\u1ed1i qua cung \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u00e2n b\u00e1i y\u1ebft Ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00eam \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o cung l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0111u\u1ed5i ma qu\u1ef7. D\u00e2n gian m\u1edf c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1o tre, b\u00e0y b\u00e0n tr\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00fang t\u1ed5. Trai g\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mai m\u1ed1i th\u00ec t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. Ng\u00e0y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1n, canh n\u0103m, vua ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n V\u0129nh Th\u1ecd cho con ch\u00e1u, c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n ch\u00fac m\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o cung Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Xu\u00e2n l\u1ea1y t\u1ed5. S\u00e1ng ra vua ng\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean An, c\u00e1c phi t\u1ea7n ng\u1ed3i s\u1eafp l\u1edbp, c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 c\u1eed nh\u1ea1c, con ch\u00e1u, c\u00e1c quan d\u00e2ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u ba l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i con ch\u00e1u vua l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0103n ti\u1ec7c, quan trong ng\u1ed3i n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, quan ngo\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i hai b\u00ean h\u00e0nh lang, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng xong \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0a th\u00ec ra v\u1ec1. C\u00e1c th\u1ee3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0i Ch\u00fang Ti\u00ean hai t\u1ea7ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac th\u00ec xong, v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i. Vua ng\u1ed3i \u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c quan l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ch\u00edn l\u1ea1y, ch\u00edn tu\u1ea7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed3ng Hai c\u00e1c quan l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u1edf nh\u00e0. M\u1ed3ng Ba vua ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean g\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u01b0ng xem con ch\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u th\u00eau, b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eafng. B\u00f3ng d\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea5m, l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm tay tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 tua \u0111\u1ebfn 20 s\u1ee3i. M\u1ed3ng N\u0103m l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 Khai h\u1ea1, \u0103n y\u1ebfn xong th\u00ec th\u1ea3 cho d\u00e2n \u0111i l\u1ec5 ch\u00f9a mi\u1ebfu, v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa. \u0110\u00eam Nguy\u00ean ti\u00eau (r\u1eb1m) tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n gi\u1eefa s\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n Qu\u1ea3ng Chi\u1ebfu, s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c s\u01b0 \u0111i quanh t\u1ee5ng Kinh, c\u00e1c quan l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u1ea7u \u0110\u00e8n.\u201d Th\u00e1ng Ba l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0i Xu\u00e2n, con h\u00e1t ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi hai v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00faa h\u00e1t. Vua coi l\u1ef1c s\u0129, tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf tranh \u0111ua c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 tr\u00ean s\u00e2n, ai th\u1eafng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u c\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u, quan nh\u1ecf th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1edd, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y H\u00e0n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec t\u1eb7ng nhau b\u00e1nh cu\u1ed1n, M\u1ed3ng B\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, con ch\u00e1u vua v\u00e0 c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i nhau \u1edf mi\u1ebfu Th\u1ea7n N\u00fai, th\u1ec1 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi vua, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed3ng T\u00e1m th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 m\u00e0i tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n d\u1ea7m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eafm t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng b\u00e1nh gi\u1ea7y. T\u1ebft \u0110oan d\u01b0\u01a1ng (5 th\u00e1ng 5) l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 g\u00e1c gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng, vua ng\u1ed3i coi \u0111ua thuy\u1ec1n. Ng\u00e0y Trung nguy\u00ean l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i Vu Lan B\u1ed3n c\u00fang t\u1ebf, si\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc t\u1ed1n hao. Ng\u00e0y Trung thu, Tr\u00f9ng c\u1eedu l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e1c quan vui v\u1ea7y, th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n. Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ti\u1ec7c c\u00fang \u00f4ng b\u00e0, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fang C\u01a1m m\u1edbi, cho c\u00e1c quan xem g\u1eb7t, s\u0103n b\u1eafn l\u00e0m vui. Th\u00e1ng Ch\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i c\u00fang \u00f4ng b\u00e0 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Theo Gia l\u1ec5, ng\u00e0y L\u1eadp Xu\u00e2n ra l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng (?) gi\u1eaft tr\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea5t, xong cho c\u00e1c quan c\u00e0i hoa v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7c. V\u1ec1 l\u1ec5 H\u00f4n th\u00fa th\u00ec trong th\u00e1ng xu\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed1i b\u01b0ng tr\u00e1p tr\u1ea7u cau \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 g\u00e1i h\u1ecfi. Xong, t\u1eb7ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u t\u1eeb tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0n, d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u0103m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1. Nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o coi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tang, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng h\u01a1i gi\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea1c kh\u00ed th\u00ec c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng c\u01a1m c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, ki\u1ec3u tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i, nghi\u1ec1n c\u01a1m d\u00e1n b\u1ecbt hai \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1ed7 th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng trong, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u00e8n loa, \u1ed1ng ti\u00eau, x\u1eadp xo\u1ea3, tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c, ch\u1ec9 Vua m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng, c\u00f2n nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t, quan th\u00ec d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00e1m tang, \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. Ti\u1ec3u nh\u1ea1c g\u1ed3m c\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00e0n tranh, t\u00ec b\u00e0, b\u1ea3y d\u00e2y, hai d\u00e2y, \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbch, \u1ed1ng s\u00e1o, k\u00e8n quy\u1ec3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u nh\u1ea1c, ai c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1ea1c kh\u00fac th\u00ec c\u00f3 Nam Thi\u00ean Nh\u1ea1c, Ng\u1ecdc L\u00e2u Xu\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ea1p Thanh Du, M\u1ed9ng Du Ti\u00ean, Canh L\u1eadu Tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft. Ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng th\u1ed5 ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n ca ng\u00e2m. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca nh\u1ea1c g\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh hoan l\u1ea1c, s\u1ea7u o\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(Ph\u1ecfng theo<\/i> b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch <\/i>An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf 1961)<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc suy s\u1ee5p v\u00ec t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n thay L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 cho t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn x\u1ebfp L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-3847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3847","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3847"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3847\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71668,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3847\/revisions\/71668"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3847"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3847"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3847"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}