CH\u01af\u01a0NG VI:<\/i><\/p>\n
M\u1ed8T GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N T\u00d4NG T\u1ed8C TR\u1eca N\u01af\u1edaC<\/p>\n
Tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi m\u1edbi<\/p>\n
Cho t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0y m\u00f2 kinh s\u00e1ch) th\u00ec nh\u00e0 L\u00ed (v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n) l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u vua Vi\u1ec7t r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 nh\u1ea5t m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1u vua ti\u1ebfp theo, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t sau th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, mang nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 sai n\u1ebfu g\u1ea1t b\u1edbt \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u201cthu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd\u201d ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 trong s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ecd v\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch sai l\u1ea7m, m\u00e0 khi bi\u1ebft ra v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ed1ng T\u1ed1ng, b\u00ecnh Chi\u00eam l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi thu x\u1ebfp theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf trong ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c trung qu\u00e2n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm. T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1 L\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh T\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 theo th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, xu\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng. Cho n\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00edch t\u1ee5 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Hoa L\u01b0 qua hai ph\u1ea7n ba th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n qua t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp L\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1n m\u1edbi: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4.<\/i> H\u1ecd v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u201cs\u01a1n l\u0103ng\u201d nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1n L\u00ed B\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch 8 \u0111\u1eddi vua, x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 vua theo c\u00e1ch \u201c\u00e1o g\u1ea5m (r\u1ed3ng) v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng,\u201d cho ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, x\u00e2y ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n, thu ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f4 m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i hoang \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 l\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng B\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ea1i La c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecb, t\u1eeb Long Bi\u00ean d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 (kho\u1ea3ng 590), l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00f4 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Cao V\u01b0\u01a1ng (Bi\u1ec1n), \u1edf gi\u1eefa khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t… ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa nam b\u1eafc \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y, ti\u1ec7n nghi s\u00f4ng n\u00fai sau tr\u01b0\u1edbc… ch\u1ed7 t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i quan y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4 kinh s\u01b0 m\u00e3i mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00e0m b\u00e0i Chi\u1ebfu d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 cho vua L\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ngoa m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169. Vi\u00ean quan ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecb s\u1edf cho ch\u00e2u Giao, gi\u1eef ch\u1ed7 cho ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 An Nam \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u01a1 quan cai tr\u1ecb n\u01a1i mang t\u00ean T\u1ed1ng B\u00ecnh, La Th\u00e0nh, \u0110\u1ea1i La h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u1edbi Th\u0103ng Long t\u1eeb khi th\u1ea5y b\u1ea7y c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc binh thuy\u1ec1n Hoa L\u01b0 r\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn, s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng mang \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, L\u00ed l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c xa \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 c\u0169.<\/p>\n
Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a L\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0o s\u0129<\/i><\/p>\n
Hoa L\u01b0 tuy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng karstic H\u1ea1 Long, n\u1eb1m b\u00ean r\u00eca nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n hai h\u1ecd \u0110inh L\u00ea, v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda Nam. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0110inh c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i lo \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong l\u00fac L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n g\u1ed1c \u201ccon nu\u00f4i\u201d \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh Ho\u00e1, \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi Hoa L\u01b0, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ngo\u1ea1 Tri\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam xa h\u01a1n v\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u00e0ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf Hoa L\u01b0. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 phong \u0111\u1ea5t cho con tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u201cc\u00e0y t\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec1n\u201d \u1edf n\u00fai \u0110\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n uy n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng so ra th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 d\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Hoa L\u01b0 d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n non tr\u1ebb, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 co c\u1ee5m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i La c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00e0m trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long c\u1ee7a L\u00ed C\u00f4ng U\u1ea9n v\u1eeba d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n binh, m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ban \u00e2n mua chu\u1ed9c trong b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
Trong chuy\u1ebfn \u201cv\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng\u201d th\u0103m d\u00f2 th\u00e1ng 2\u00e2l. (1010) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ed7 h\u1eb3n, L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ban ti\u1ec1n l\u1ee5a cho c\u00e1c b\u00f4 l\u00e3o \u201ctheo th\u1ee9 b\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau,\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00f3t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00fat uy th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. H\u01b0\u1edbng mua chu\u1ed9c th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e1, hai l\u1ea7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tha thu\u1ebf ba n\u0103m (1010, 1016) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u00ecm th\u00eam v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9, b\u1ecf l\u01a1 m\u1ed9t \u00edt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng t\u00f4 v\u1ebd cho gia t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi h\u01a1n. Gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u \u0111\u1eddi sau, mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c: \u201cL\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai n\u0103m, t\u00f4ng mi\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u00e0n x\u00e3 t\u1eafc ch\u01b0a l\u1eadp m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a \u1edf ph\u1ee7 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c (C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p), l\u1ea1i tr\u00f9ng tu ch\u00f9a qu\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ed9… ti\u00eau ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed5 m\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e0 k\u1ec1.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau, L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u201cph\u00e1t ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn 950 ng\u00f4i \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5p…\u201d R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00f4ng vua con kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c. Con s\u1ed1 to l\u1edbn 950 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nay ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00fat r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i n\u1ebfu ta nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a mua chu\u1ed9c kia.<\/p>\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u0169, c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i C\u1ed3 Vi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi. K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0110inh, L\u00ea, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00f9ng \u00c1i Ch\u00e2u, C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n vua n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u1edf Hoa L\u01b0, \u00f4ng L\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eafc b\u1ecb L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n chi\u1ebfm trong v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ebfn L\u1ed9c (989) n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 L\u00ed, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1093. (C\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1081, 1091, tu\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc bia x\u01b0a.) V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong d\u00f2ng l\u00e0 L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean L\u00ed v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc trong v\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u201cman\u201d C\u1eed Long (1011), c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 to\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n phong c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i men theo s\u00f4ng M\u00e3 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng \u2013t\u00ean t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p lo\u00e0i r\u1eafn nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9c Ng\u01b0u H\u1ed1ng \/ r\u1eafn h\u1ed5 mang, ph\u00eda s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0. L\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u00e2u Di\u1ec5n ngu d\u1ea1i l\u00e0m c\u00e0n\u201d (1013) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o, v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i, l\u1eadp li\u00ean minh th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u201ctr\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7\u201d h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 \u2013 h\u1ecd n\u00e0y qua bao nhi\u00eau ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t. L\u00ed d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n ch\u00e2u Hoan (1031), ch\u00e2u \u00c1i (1035) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng cai tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u0111i ra B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh Ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ctr\u1ea1i\u201d xa l\u1ea1, xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi \u201ckinh\u201d c\u1ee7a trung ch\u00e2u n\u00ean th\u1ebf k\u1ec1m gi\u1eef ph\u1ea3i l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo h\u01a1n. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu thu\u1ebf cho vua, ch\u1eafc theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0103n ti\u1ec1n \u201cho\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d n\u0103m 1042 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1i t\u1eed Ch\u1ee7 b\u1ed9, V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 Ch\u1ee7 b\u1ed9. Tr\u00ean b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 em vua (L\u00ed Ho\u1ea3ng \/ L\u00ed Nh\u1eadt Quang) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u00f3 V\u01b0\u01a1ng (1041), nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e2u thu\u1ebf ch\u00e2u Ngh\u1ec7 An\u201d ch\u1ee9a trong 50 kho, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t cai tr\u1ecb va ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 oan \u1ee9c n\u00ean oai v\u1ecdng c\u00f2n \u0111i xa v\u1ec1 sau, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng trung ch\u00e2u ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i vi\u1ec7c \u201cth\u0103m ru\u1ed9ng, c\u00e0y t\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec1n\u201d th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tri\u1ec1u c\u0169 chuy\u1ec3n qua L\u00ed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n Ng\u00f4, \u0110\u1ed7 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, ph\u00eda nam Th\u0103ng Long, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm h\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00edn c\u00f3 c\u00e2y l\u00faa chi\u00eam 9 nh\u00e1nh (1032). V\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u00f9ng \u1ee8ng Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m Nam Kinh (1014). Xem g\u1eb7t \u1edf V\u0129nh H\u01b0ng (1030 \u2013 \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m?), x\u00e2y h\u00e0nh cung (1064, \u0110VSL<\/i>), l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u khoe t\u00e0i vua bi\u1ebft c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1eeda B\u1ed1 \u2013 \u0111\u1ea5t Tr\u1ea7n L\u00e3m c\u0169 (1038, 1065, \u0110VSL<\/i>), \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00fai \u0110\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo bia S\u00f9ng Thi\u1ec7n Di\u00ean Linh (1121), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7… D\u00f2 theo c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh cung, ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p L\u00ed x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n ra nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n L\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y (\u1ee8ng Phong), \u0110\u1ed3 S\u01a1n (th\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1eddng Long)… kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c an th\u00e1p t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eed quan coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng qua c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1eed quan c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eeba l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 s\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201ch\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng.\u201d Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y tuy c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 binh l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i L\u00ed nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u1edbi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0o s\u0129,<\/i> nh\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 L\u00ed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5p\u201d m\u00e0 L\u00ea T\u1eafc \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u201cth\u1ebf t\u1eadp\u201d truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea1i to\u00e1t, Ti\u1ec3u to\u00e1t… B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb ngay c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 khi ta x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 sau, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngay tr\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c, Binh H\u1ee3p h\u01b0\u01a1ng, Thi\u1ec7u Long t\u1ef1 bi\u201d (1226) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7, \u0110\u1ed7 N\u0103ng T\u1ebf, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p l\u00e0m \u1ea5p thang m\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch \u0110VSL<\/i> ghi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1216 v\u1edbi t\u00ean \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ebf, b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n xua \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u1ecfi \u1ea5p H\u1ee3p, ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng l\u00fac chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i (1226) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea5m bia, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n cho ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u0169, c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d g\u1ea7n kinh th\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n ngay v\u00e0o l\u00fac th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (\u0110\u1ed7 H\u01b0ng v\u00e0o Th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ban, 1039), c\u00f3 l\u00fac khuynh lo\u00e1t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 sau, dai d\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n cao v\u00f2i v\u1ecdi (\u0110\u1ed7\/Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u1eafc Chung), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed7 C\u1ea3nh Th\u1ea1c. H\u1ecd \u0110inh, h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0110i\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy s\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb thanh tr\u1eebng, h\u1ecd Qu\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn cao m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd v\u00e0o n\u1eafm t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7, h\u1ecd Qu\u00e1ch c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u1ecd T\u00f4 v\u1edbi T\u00f4 Hi\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh may m\u1eafn, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 T\u00f4 H\u1eadu, b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft (1109).<\/p>\n
Ta kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 xa h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd Th\u00e2n, h\u1ecd L\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qua Trung Qu\u1ed1c, l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n l\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng Y\u00ean T\u1eed, th\u1eddi T\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00f9 (1008-1016) vua T\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y d\u00e2ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban t\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u1eed Y \u0110\u1ed9ng Uy\u00ean, gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ean X\u1eed Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng (An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c),<\/i> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd L\u00ed nh\u01b0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m tay th\u00ec h\u1ecd L\u00ed k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng gia (h\u1ecd Th\u00e2n, h\u1ecd L\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, h\u1ecd L\u00ea c\u0169 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u Phong), v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u00ec L\u00ed phong t\u01b0\u1edbc trong tri\u1ec1u theo v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan uy th\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi m\u1edbi. Cho n\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y trong quy \u0111\u1ecbnh thu thu\u1ebf 1042, ngo\u00e0i \u201cqu\u1ea3n gi\u00e1p\u201d c\u00f3 \u201cch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4\u201d (h\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u1ea5p-quan theo L\u00ea T\u1eafc) tham d\u1ef1, m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y khi v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 L\u00ed ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u201cquan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f4,\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng sai ph\u00e1i \u2013 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c \u201ct\u01b0 gia\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a L\u00ed b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ra ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p cao, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho L\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 Phan Huy Ch\u00fa ghi nh\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u00f3i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u201cl\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d t\u1eeb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u0103t trong vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eadu trong m\u1ed9t k\u00ec thi ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi (1075), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y nay t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t,\u201d \u0111\u00fang ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y \u00f4ng vua 9 tu\u1ed5i, \u201ch\u1ea7u vua h\u1ecdc.\u201d \u00d4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i \u00e2m m\u01b0u gi\u1ebft vua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tru di tam\/c\u1eedu t\u1ed9c, hay \u00edt ra l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00ean ng\u1ef1a g\u1ed7,\u201d \u201cph\u01a1i x\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u00f4ng\/T\u00e2y\u201d theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao M\u1ea1c Hi\u1ec3n T\u00edch (\u0111\u1eadu 1086, \u0111i s\u1ee9 Chi\u00eam 1094) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho l\u00e0 d\u00e1m ve c\u1ea3 b\u00e0 Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u00e0 \u1ef6 Lan) \u2013 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Th\u00e1i s\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau, l\u00fac tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Ph\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng x\u1eed \u00e1n h\u1ecd L\u00ea. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i t\u1ea7y \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f3 l\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed nh\u1eb9, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb1ng sau. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 L\u00ed nh\u01b0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, m\u1edbi, th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khung c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 chung t\u1eeb th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng mang t\u00ean c\u0169 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i La, nay l\u00e0 Th\u0103ng Long. \u00d4ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 L\u00ed c\u00f3 binh l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 tay ch\u00e2n, l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu v\u1edbi ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u00f5i. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ef1u th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ch\u00e1u c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 cha \u00f4ng h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu Trung Hoa n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u1eabn mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. S\u1eed quan Vi\u1ec7t ghi nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n tha t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a L\u00ed, c\u00f3 l\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn ba n\u0103m, nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh H\u00e1n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u1eafc m\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng vua l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t l\u00faa cho l\u00ednh \u0103n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 cho d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 L\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n t\u1ecf ra r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y thu\u1ebf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa nh\u1ecf kia m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctha t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf.\u201d H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 (\u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c) ban ph\u00e1t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 trong d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t ti\u1ec1n Minh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh Ch\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t l\u00fac l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y (1042). L\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng li\u00ean minh ban ph\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 b\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd L\u00ed trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1nh tay quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ef1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u201ctheo T\u1ed1ng\u201d trong tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c quan ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh ki\u1ec3u kurung<\/i> m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn khi L\u00ed d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long. Tuy nhi\u00ean d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u0169 d\u0169ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i con th\u1ea7n m\u00e3 B\u1ea1ch Long, c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1i thu\u1eabn lay \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ra qu\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng trong cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u00faa khi\u00ean m\u1eebng th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn ngay tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n vua Ch\u00e0m v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 con ch\u00e1u c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh v\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o di\u1ec5n tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 c\u0169 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
V\u1ecb tr\u00ed Th\u0103ng Long gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng trung ch\u00e2u l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho h\u1ecd L\u00ed m\u1edf r\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Cao Bi\u1ec1n x\u01b0a, L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eadn d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1i tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng trung ch\u00e2u (1012-1014), hay \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh b\u00ean r\u00eca \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 tan r\u00e3, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed1ng xa n\u00ean c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Th\u0103ng Long g\u1ea7n. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n N\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a N\u00f9ng T\u1ed3n Ph\u00fac, Tr\u00ed Cao (1039, 1041, 1048, 1052) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi T\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn 1075-77.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a mang t\u1eeb Hoa L\u01b0 \u0111i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n b\u00e0y ra ph\u01a1i \u201cch\u1eadt c\u1ea3 s\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 khoe v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 T\u1ed1ng) c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb quanh Th\u0103ng Long (chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m, m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng, c\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea9m \u2013 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0ng) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 cho L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 x\u00e2y cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c mua chu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n binh, \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c di\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ecba (l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c r\u00e0o bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi), ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n binh… K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp ngay \u0111\u1eddi sau. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Angkor trong nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p \u201cCh\u00e2n L\u1ea1p sang c\u1ed1ng\u201d (1014, 1020, 1026). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng theo l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Mekong tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n qua Ngh\u1ec7 An th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng (L\u00ed Nh\u1eadt Quang) tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef. L\u00ed l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thu l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nam, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb t\u1eeb tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1043 \u201cgi\u1eb7c gi\u00f3 s\u00f3ng\u201d Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh theo gi\u00f3 nam \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1edbp ven bi\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0n trong n\u0103m sau c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd ng\u00e2y th\u01a1: \u201cTi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 16 n\u0103m m\u00e0 sao ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh sang c\u1ed1ng? Uy \u0111\u1ee9c ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ch\u0103ng?\u201d \u00d4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c: \u201cGi\u1eb7c x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n m\u00e0 \u0111em qu\u00e2n h\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ee5c th\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111i xa?\u201d C\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1eed ghi n\u0103m 1042 c\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u00f3i to,\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e9 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch ra qu\u00e2n. V\u1eady th\u00ec chuy\u1ebfn nam chinh 1044 l\u00e0 do vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kho t\u00e0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam t\u00edch tr\u1eef trong vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam l\u00e0m tr\u1ea1m trung chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa \u1ea4n, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Harivarman II l\u00ean ng\u00f4i 989, chuy\u1ec3n qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Yang Ku Pu Vijaya Sri (999) n\u0103m sau d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0n, g\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi quanh \u0111\u1ea5t B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y nay khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Vijaya m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp,\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi s\u1ee9 b\u00e1o v\u1edbi vua T\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng 1044, gi\u1ebft S\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ea9u (Jaya Shimhavarman II) \u0111em cho Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i cung phi m\u0129 n\u1eef, v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m r\u1ebd ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i m\u1edbi cho nh\u00e0 L\u00ed trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn 5000 t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Nam gi\u00e1p v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i C\u1ed3 Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi L\u00ea, n\u01a1i \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d Hoa L\u01b0 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean d\u00e2n, l\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00e1m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 h\u1ecd (992). L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng th\u1ea3 t\u00f9 binh \u201cman\u201d c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1 Tri\u1ec1u, \u201ctha cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00f9ng Nam Gi\u1edbi… ch\u00e2u Hoan\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u0169 (1011). Th\u00e1i t\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi (1020), c\u00f3 b\u1eaft t\u00f9 binh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o trong tr\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ecbnh Phi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3n binh gi\u1eef v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (1025). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec1m ch\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u2013 c\u00e1c \u201ckh\u00e1ch\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 l\u1ea5n \u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nhu c\u1ea7u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u tay ch\u00e2n, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn t\u00f9 binh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111em v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kia, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai cho \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 n\u1eefa. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1eed ghi \u00f4ng \u201cxu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c t\u00f9 binh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c, cho \u1edf t\u1eeb tr\u1ea5n V\u0129nh Khang \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u0110\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5p ph\u1ecfng theo t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh.\u201d<\/p>\n
S\u1eed gia ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fa d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Y\u00ean B\u00e1y, L\u00e0o Cai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft Ch\u00e0m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u trong th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng C\u1ea3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i, v\u00ec l\u1ecb s\u1edf c\u1ee7a L\u00ed Nh\u1eadt Quang l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1eadn ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n. C\u00f2n t\u00f9 binh ph\u00eda b\u1eafc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u1ea7n Th\u0103ng Long, v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc Ninh v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u (1272) n\u01a1\u00ed c\u00e1i mukhalinga ch\u00f9a Gi\u1ea1m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 \u1edf x\u00e3 \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, huy\u1ec7n Ti\u00ean Du, d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00f2n s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a th\u00f4n B\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt (1330), c\u1ee7a \u0110a Gia Li th\u1eddi L\u00ed Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng t\u1eeb tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn 1069. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00f4n \u0110anh, x\u00e3 D\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1, ph\u1ee7 Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh, B\u1eafc Ninh l\u1ecdt trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o 1938 cho Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 B\u1eafc K\u00ec, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u0110anh khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t t\u00edch r\u1ed3i. Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb an tr\u00ed h\u1eadu cung Ch\u00e0m \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long, ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng Ba V\u00ec, Th\u1ea1ch Th\u1ea5t, Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y L\u00ed Ph\u1ee5c Man, x\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u00e1p Cam Gi\u00e1 (x\u1ee9 M\u00eda Ng\u1ecdt? 1117) quanh qu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi l\u00e0ng D\u1eeba Y\u00ean S\u1edf, \u0110\u1eafc S\u1edf nay, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u \u1ee8ng Phong qua h\u00e0nh cung L\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n (v\u00f9ng Ph\u1ee7 L\u00ed) l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u0110anh m\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c th\u00f4n \u0110anh X\u00e1, x\u00e3 \u0110inh X\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Nam b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u201cl\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00f9 binh l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eadc thi\u00eang li\u00eang b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng cho m\u00ecnh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00ean t\u00f9 binh th\u1edd th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec vua c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. Cho n\u00ean ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u00f9a B\u00e0 \u0110anh\/Banh mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c, \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1i linga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua chia x\u1ebb v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vua. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n che \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1i linga c\u1ee7a L\u00ed Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1i mukhalinga Vi\u1ec7t Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3, cao g\u1ea7n 5m t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1y, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p thay v\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u1ea4n Mi\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ki\u1ec3u H\u00e1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5t khai qu\u1eadt b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. T\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m x\u00e2y n\u00ean th\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1edf tr\u00ean g\u00f2\/\u0111\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 th\u00f3i quen t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00ed Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c t\u00f9 binh n\u00ean n\u0103m 1069 d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n \u0111i b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, theo s\u1eed c\u0169 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n n\u0103m 1044, d\u00f9 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbch g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9. D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft Ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00f9 binh \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc Ninh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e1ch Qu\u1ef3 Tri\u1ec7u Ti\u1ebft 1076-77? C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t hai ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, phong t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eaft h\u1ecd l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
B\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long<\/p>\n
D\u00f9 g\u00ec th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng, x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ngay trong l\u00fac c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh m\u1edbi c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd c\u1eady v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tay ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u0169 \u0111\u00f3. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed quan m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i kinh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch th\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1edf d\u0129 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch v\u1edf h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, tuy nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nay ta m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ecb che l\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ed (lan qua \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n) r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 Nho Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu v\u1edbi l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i \u201cu\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u \u0103n th\u1ec1\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c x\u01b0a, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 minh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n n\u01a1i n\u00fai \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u1ed5 \u00e2m u \u1edf Thanh Ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long tr\u00fa trong mi\u1ebfu Th\u1ea7n N\u00fai nh\u01b0 L\u00ea T\u1eafc c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y (1285). S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi Suryavarman I (\u1edf ng\u00f4i 1011-1050) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Angkor cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 \u1edf hai v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Hoa \u1ea4n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
\u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p cao x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00ean L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 sau khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda (cung \u0111i\u1ec7n), c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c n\u01a1i \u1edf m\u1edbi th\u00ec l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch sai l\u1eadp \u201cng\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3\u201d (1026) \u0111\u1ec3 ghi d\u1ea5u d\u00e0i h\u01a1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, theo cung c\u00e1ch t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa H\u1ea1. Trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c danh x\u01b0ng ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, cung n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng qua th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc trong cung, c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi x\u1ea3y ra tranh ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1n Tam V\u01b0\u01a1ng (1028). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c chi ph\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong nh\u01b0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n qu\u00e2n l\u00e2u d\u1ea7n c\u0169ng k\u1ec1m gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi tho\u00e1ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i. R\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n T\u00f4 Hi\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh gi\u1eef ng\u00f4i cho Cao T\u00f4ng theo di chi\u1ebfu (1175) nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngay v\u00e0o th\u1eddi L\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n (1073) l\u00fac Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf. Tranh ch\u1ea5p trong tri\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i nh\u1ecf (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u1ef6 Lan) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft c\u00f2n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ghi m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng quan h\u1eddn gi\u1eadn (b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t?) b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 L\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng l\u1edbn. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c. D\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Qu\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n, n\u1eafm ch\u1ee9c cao trong tri\u1ec1u (Th\u00e1i s\u01b0 Qu\u00e1ch Th\u1ecbnh \u00cdch\/D\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh N\u00f9ng Tr\u00ed Cao 1048, Th\u00e1i u\u00fd Qu\u00e1ch K\u00ecnh Nh\u1eadt chia quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1054), v\u1eady m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n lu\u1ed3n l\u1ecdt th\u00eam, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn t\u00f4i t\u1edb. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf to l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c trong tay m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m thua thi\u1ec7t ngay t\u1ef1 b\u00ean trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 tranh \u0111o\u1ea1t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1n quan nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng trong khung c\u1ea3nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng d\u00f9 s\u01a1 khai nh\u01b0 L\u00ed c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m vua, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vua!<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 \u1ed5n c\u1ed1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd khi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a L\u00ed c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng danh x\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 mang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eeb n\u01a1i vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t mang m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0110inh L\u00ea v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng chia \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh 10 \u0110\u1ea1o. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi L\u00ed th\u1ea5y ra nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh 24 L\u1ed9 li\u1ec1n c\u0169ng chia theo m\u00e0 ch\u1eeba ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda nam kh\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ra ngo\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng t\u00ecm trong s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a v\u1ec1 t\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1ed9 sao cho \u0111\u1ee7 con s\u1ed1 10 hay 24 th\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia sau n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm xem trong 30 n\u0103m DCCH, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o, tranh c\u00e3i ra l\u00e0m sao!<\/p>\n
Cho n\u00ean L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 l\u00fac m\u1edbi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c lo chia ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u00e0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t Th\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ban tr\u00ean cao, c\u00f2n cho l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111a n\u0103ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i lang.<\/i> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c quan ch\u1ee9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1eadp ra theo nhu c\u1ea7u cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb x\u01b0a nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00ed th\u00ec h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Trung T\u00f4ng (706) m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a danh x\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1ch quan ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 quan \u201cngo\u1ea1i ng\u1ea1ch.\u201d D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u201ctr\u00ed th\u1ee9c\u201d trong th\u1eddi L\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t r\u00f5: Su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1i \u0111i s\u1ee9 b\u00e1o tin tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p, xin kinh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m quan x\u1eed \u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ea5t kinh \u0111\u00f4 (1067)… L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (1128), tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u1eb3n h\u00f2i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u201cngo\u1ea1i ng\u1ea1ch\u201d nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3i kh\u1edfi thu\u1ef7 n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ghi k\u00e8m vi\u1ec7c phong \u201cl\u00e0m vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i lang\u201d (1129, 1137).<\/p>\n
D\u00f5i theo c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m quan, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i La c\u0169 hay c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i La m\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 giao thi\u1ec7p, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng Nam Trung Hoa nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi vua quan T\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5t M\u00e2n (Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn) gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 L\u00ed r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 T\u1eeb B\u00e1 T\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng, x\u00fai L\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh T\u1ed1ng th\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nho gia khoa b\u1ea3ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m quan L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1. V\u1edbi hai ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong chuy\u1ebfn hai vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i lang \u0111i s\u1ee9 T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (1011), m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb sai \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft. R\u00f5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y coi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i s\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129, hay ch\u1ec9 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cv\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean\u201d v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t \u0111ang lo \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam n\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 tr\u1ed1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai, L\u00ed Nh\u00e2n Ngh\u0129a, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u0111em ngh\u0129a l\u00ed kinh s\u1eed l\u00e0u th\u00f4ng gi\u00fap Th\u00e1i t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt M\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, r\u1ed3i khi vua \u0111i d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n (1028) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eef kinh \u0111\u00f4, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n xa r\u1eddi ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean ta hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao L\u00ed Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng khi b\u1ed5 hai vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i lang l\u00e0m k\u1ebb coi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng kinh \u0111\u00f4 (ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9) \u0111\u00e3 \u201cc\u1ea5p b\u1ed5ng\u201d b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n, g\u1ea1o, c\u00e1 mu\u1ed1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cnu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9c li\u00eam khi\u1ebft cho h\u1ecd\u201d trong khi L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho quan ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00f5 quan m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u0103n quan, ban b\u1ed1 H\u00ecnh th\u01b0, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c k\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u00ecn chung th\u00ec c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong gia t\u1ed9c L\u00ed t\u1ecfa ra tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1nh tay quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i. L\u00ea T\u1eafc cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t danh v\u1ecb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cn\u1ed9i\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf-nh\u00e0-trong. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0nh khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1n quan, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong cung \u0111\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i quan ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed5 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n gi\u00fap L\u00ed t\u1ea1o d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng khi\u1ebfn quan ch\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng mang m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Nh\u00ecn d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng quan c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a L\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 b\u1ef1c trong ngo\u00e0i, g\u1ea7n xa \u0111\u00f3. L\u00ea B\u00e1 Ng\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1118 l\u00e0 Th\u1ecb lang b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u201cbi\u1ebfm\u201d l\u00e0m N\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n th\u01b0 gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tay sai trong nh\u00e0, ba n\u0103m sau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 N\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u0169 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (1124). S\u1ef1 tru\u00e2n chuy\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn cho \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 sau: T\u1eeb k\u1ebb \u1edf-nh\u00e0-trong \u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch gi\u1eef an ninh cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong gi\u1eefa gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh em ch\u00fa b\u00e1c, v\u1edbi th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng.) T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00ean trong quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u01b0 gia. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \/ cung \u0111\u00ecnh L\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00f4ng Ch\u1ee7 ru\u1ed9ng L\u1edbn, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea1n l\u00ed nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn t\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u01b0 gia, ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed vi\u1ec7c trong cung, h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 t\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n ra ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c trong tri\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng theo v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Trung s\u1ee9 mang l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 th\u01b0 gia chuy\u1ec3n ra coi h\u00ecnh ng\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 trong c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch 1067. C\u00f3 t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m coi kho, c\u00e1c kho th\u1ea5y x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, ho\u1eb7c minh danh trong s\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u qua c\u00e1c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh cung hay \u1edf c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn vua \u0111i xem g\u1eb7t, thu ho\u1ea1ch. C\u00f3 th\u01b0 gia \u0111i s\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn…<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, canh t\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn L\u00ed ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng khoa thi tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i vi\u00ean, bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, hay cho chen v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, l\u00e0m t\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sau. L\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cho\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d (1042) \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u1eadn thu \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c thu thu\u1ebf giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t (\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi thu thu\u1ebf\u201d), l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (qu\u1ea3n gi\u00e1p) v\u1edbi binh l\u1ef1c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4) y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3. T\u00f4 thu\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng (300 th\u0103ng\/m\u1eabu) so v\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (l\u1ec7 ban ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u 1092: 3 th\u0103ng\/m\u1eabu). Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu qua c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7ng thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 L\u00ed nh\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 v\u00f9ng, th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. L\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng Tri\u1ec7u Ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng t\u00e2u v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh cho ta th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3: \u201cNh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m n\u1ed9p tr\u00ean tr\u0103m quan, Ch\u00faa l\u1edbn l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh.\u201d Ch\u00fang ta g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a theo l\u1eddi t\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u00ec d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ee3 con m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cung ph\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean. Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi L\u00ed th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u coi nh\u01b0, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 quan n\u00f4 (c\u1ee7a vua.) C\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn quan ch\u1ee9c binh l\u00ednh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 b\u1ef1c cao h\u01a1n tuy c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vua m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1n nhi\u201d (l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u2013 c\u1ee7a vua), \u201ckhao gi\u00e1p\u201d (th\u01b0\u1edfng cho l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa nh\u1ecf?), \u201cl\u1ed9 \u00f4ng\u201d (t\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean?)…<\/p>\n
B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a L\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng l\u1eabn nhau. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a trung ch\u00e2u ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 c\u0169 th\u00ec c\u00f3 L\u00ea Ph\u1ee5ng Hi\u1ec3u b\u1ecb r\u1ee9t kh\u1ecfi qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c khi d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4, c\u00f3 L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u1ecbnh, M\u1ea1c Hi\u1ec3n T\u00edch v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 (1075 v\u00e0 1086.) Quanh gia \u0111\u00ecnh vua l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201ch\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1edbc,\u201d \u201ct\u01b0 gia,\u201d \u201cnh\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf\u201d (1157 \u0110VSL<\/i>),<\/i> c\u00e1c \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u,\u201d \u201cc\u00f4ng ch\u00faa,\u201d \u201cc\u00e1c quan\u201d (?) (To\u00e0n th\u01b0).<\/i> B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 do, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e1ch t\u00ednh,\u201d \u201cc\u00e1c s\u1eafc nh\u00e2n,\u201d tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c trong b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c binh V\u0169 Th\u1eafng \u2013 cao h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1n nhi l\u00e0m binh Thi\u1ebft L\u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cl\u00ednh\u201d n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 cung \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng vua hay \u00f4ng ch\u00faa nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i r\u00f5 l\u00ean. T\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li l\u00fac th\u1ea5t s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00f2i b\u00e1n kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f2n L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng th\u00ec bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y l\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a… Gia n\u00f4 v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u0103m h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 b\u1ef1c cao h\u01a1n b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh, quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f4.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean r\u00eca trung ch\u00e2u m\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n Th\u0103ng Long c\u00f2n v\u1edbi t\u1edbi th\u00ec v\u1eeba c\u00f3 quan c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u201cth\u1ee7 l\u0129nh\u201d ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00fa L\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 Trung th\u01b0 L\u00ed Hi\u1ebfn (1125), Nguy\u1ec5n Quy\u1ec1n (1149) \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 hai-l\u1ea7n D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1 Minh (1127, 1144). C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp N\u00f9ng Tr\u00ed Cao g\u00e2y n\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi T\u1ed1ng (1038-1053) trong khi \u201cth\u1ee7 l\u0129nh\u201d Qu\u1ea3ng Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1 H\u01b0ng h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u01a1u tr\u1eafng (1124), \u201cth\u1ee7 l\u0129nh\u201d ch\u00e2u N\u00f4ng l\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu\u1ec7 d\u00e2ng v\u00e0ng (1127), \u201cth\u1ee7 l\u0129nh\u201d H\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u V\u1ecb Long c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 (1180 \u0110VSL<\/i>), c\u00f2n \u201cti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh\u201d M\u1ea1c Hi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft tr\u1ed1n qua T\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t (1124-1126). Danh v\u1ecb \u201cth\u1ee7 l\u0129nh\u201d c\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 h\u1ecd Th\u00e2n v\u00f9ng L\u1ea1ng Giang k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi L\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5n T\u1ed1ng (1028). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp N\u00f9ng T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 T\u1ed1ng sau khi h\u00f9a v\u1edbi L\u00ed trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn x\u00e2m l\u0103ng 1075.<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u00ed T\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n xa l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 An Nam khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a hai ch\u00e2u Giao, Qu\u1ea3ng c\u0169 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u00f9 m\u1edd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u1eafm m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c chung m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i c\u00e1nh tay quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c L\u00ed v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 khi L\u00ed Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng (1056 \u0110VSL<\/i>) \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 coi l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u0103ng Long, theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh H\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2u m\u1ee5c\u201d, nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1082 g\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ecd H\u00e0 \u1edf Vi Long, th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ebft. L\u00ed d\u00f9ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 thu ph\u1ee5c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1142 d\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00fa L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i chi\u00eau t\u1eadp d\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng Nguy\u00ean. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 ngo\u1ea1i giao t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ec7, xin Kinh l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh (c\u1ee7a L\u00ea 1009, c\u1ee7a L\u00ed 1010, 1011, 1012, 1020) nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n nay l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n (1022) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t m\u1edbi (1028, 1036). Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m N\u00f9ng Tr\u00ed Cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y qua ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh ho\u0103c nh\u1edd c\u1eady quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c che ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, l\u00fac g\u00e2y b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t an, l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c n\u00e9n l\u00f2ng d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng l\u00ed do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian phe ch\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfn n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Nam Chi\u1ebfu (1014), L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 \u201cc\u1ed1ng\u201d chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 khoe uy l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cgia n\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00ed.\u201d Khi N\u00f9ng Tr\u00ed Cao l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t T\u1ed1ng, L\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p (1049). Ph\u00eda n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 T\u1ed1ng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfn mu\u1ed1n g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam. Quan bi\u00ean thu\u1ef3 c\u1ea5m giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed5 b\u00f9ng. L\u1edbp th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t M\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed9c L\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap L\u00ed t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i n\u00ean x\u00fai L\u00ed g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn tranh. L\u00ed v\u1eeba c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh (1069), quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung (1073) v\u00e0o tay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f2 t\u00e1 \u00f4ng vua b\u00e9 con. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 L\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t ra tay tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tam c\u00e1 nguy\u1ec7t cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1075, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 N\u00f9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u201ck\u00e9o h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 \u0111i theo, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu \u1edf nh\u00e0,\u201d \u0111em ch\u00ednh qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5n qua ch\u00e2u Kh\u00e2m, Li\u00eam, v\u00e2y ch\u00e2u Ung h\u00e3m th\u00e0nh, gi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng (\u0111\u1ea7u 1076) r\u1ed3i r\u00fat binh ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n qu\u00e2n T\u1ed1ng \u0111u\u1ed5i theo ch\u00e2n. Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1eebng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi: s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u0103ng. T\u1ed1ng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng 2\u00e2l. 1077 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169 nay \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ra v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u00ed v\u1edbi \u00f4ng vua b\u00e9 con tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh (Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, sinh 1066, c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n 1072-1127) gh\u00ecm gi\u1eef hung h\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdt ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Tuy L\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ea5t \u0111i (1105) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00f4n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tay \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: Thi\u00ean t\u1eed Ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec7. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf V\u0103n mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed m\u00e0 l\u00e0m lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc cho c\u1eadu b\u00e9 Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed (1070) \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y vua bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u01a1 (1087). C\u00e1c khoa thi ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u tuy c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 mang d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb tranh \u0111ua h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c khoa m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Minh kinh, Tam gi\u00e1o. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh L\u00ed m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i cung \u0111i ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111em quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong v\u00f9ng ru\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea ng\u0103n \u0111\u1eadp, t\u1eeb c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p in d\u1ea5u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, s\u1eebng s\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ecf r\u00f5 trong nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u1eed ghi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c k\u00e9o (1117, 1123, 1143), c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cc\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c,\u201d v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 ng\u01a1i c\u1ee7a con ch\u00e1u, cha \u00f4ng. L\u00ed chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng s\u0129 n\u00ean L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu L\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi \u201cquy ch\u1ebf xe ki\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c cung kh\u00e1c.\u201d L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201ccon ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt\u201d (Ph\u1eadt M\u00e3). L\u00ed Cao T\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng ngay l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea9y b\u00e0 L\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 3, thay v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 T\u00e1 Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t quan gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u00f9a l\u1edbn, nh\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng Thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1edfng. D\u00f5i theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u1ea4n Ch\u00e0m, \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 mang th\u00eam h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 thu\u1ef7 t\u1eeb tin t\u01b0\u1edfng vu \u0111\u1ed3ng trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa X\u1ee9 ng\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e0n Vi\u00ean Kh\u00e2u th\u1edd Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u m\u01b0a. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u1ebb mang ph\u00f9 ph\u00e9p ph\u1ec9nh g\u1ea1t. H\u1ecd s\u1ee3 s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t \u00f4m c\u00e1nh tay Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u0103ng s\u0129 c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 theo ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f9 thu\u1ef7 tham gia vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n. Quan ch\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00f9ng t\u00ecm v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 mang \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd L\u00ed su\u00fdt m\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 qu\u00e1i d\u1ecb t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng (\u201cPh\u1eadt\u201d), s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i (1112 \u0110VSL<\/i>) h\u00e9 m\u1edf cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf n\u1ed9i cung v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u. Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n b\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trong th\u1eddi Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u vua ti\u1ebfp theo. Th\u1eddi Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng (1128-1138), Anh T\u00f4ng (1138-1175), v\u1eabn c\u00f3 v\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a L\u00ed Gi\u00e1c (1103) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u201ctr\u1ea1i\u201d Thanh Ho\u00e1 b\u00ean r\u00eca quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng Ma Sa (1083 \u0110VSL<\/i>, 1119) h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n xu\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean ngay ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd trong tri\u1ec1u. Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1123, khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ee8ng Phong xem g\u1eb7t t\u1eebng sai b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u qua s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba. Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1p B\u1ed1i L\u00ed cho con ch\u00e1u L\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1ng (1093) theo \u201cl\u1eddi xin\u201d c\u1ee7a hai Ph\u00f2 k\u00ed lang h\u1ecd T\u00f4, h\u1ecd Thi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129. Ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc cao c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c L\u00ea: s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o Dung t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng, \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Th\u0103ng Long, Th\u00e1i ph\u00f3 \/ Th\u00e1i u\u00fd L\u01b0u Kh\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e0m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u201cth\u1eadt phong 3000 h\u1ed9\u201d trong v\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb chia t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng trao di chi\u1ebfu (1127). Cho n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, v\u00ec L\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft cho ch\u1ee7 c\u0169 m\u00e0 x\u00e9n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, d\u00e0nh n\u1eeda kia cho \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd gh\u00ecm nhau. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ch\u00e1u L\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd? Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u00e1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00c2m m\u01b0u gi\u1ebft vua tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 T\u00e2y n\u0103m 1096 h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 l\u00ed do s\u00e2u xa l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 tranh ch\u1ea5p ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u00f4ng vua tham \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u1ed5 \u0111ang v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 ch\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y xu\u00f4i tr\u00f4ng coi c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Th\u00e1i s\u01b0 trong tri\u1ec1u (1085) \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00f4ng lao trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi T\u1ed1ng (1084) th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201cl\u00ean ng\u1ef1a g\u1ed7,\u201d ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn vua ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n cho con ch\u00e1u L\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eady. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 L\u01b0u Kh\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e0m, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng L\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 l\u00ean l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i ph\u00f3 (r\u1ed3i) Th\u00e1i u\u00fd thay th\u1ebf L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t s\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng sau khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u00f4ng cha nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t (\u201csung c\u00f4ng\u201d), v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1n nhi (1128) \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 ru\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn g\u1eafn b\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho nh\u00e0 L\u00ed. V\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i cung th\u1eddi Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u1eef trong tri\u1ec1u, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0 h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi c\u00f2n nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y l\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng m\u00e0 L\u00ed \u0111ang b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng khi\u1ebfn ta d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. S\u1ef1 th\u0103ng gi\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Trung Qu\u1ed1c do \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh, th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ho\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho \u00f4ng vua c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. C\u00f4 l\u1eadp th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda khi\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ea7u Tr\u1ea7n ch\u01b0a quen \u201cl\u00e0m vua\u201d ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201c\u0111i vi h\u00e0nh,\u201d c\u00f2n \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed th\u00ec ch\u1ea1y ra ngo\u00e0i \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp. C\u00f4 l\u1eadp th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1134 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m chi h\u1eadu, n\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, ho\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n ra ngo\u00e0i, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f2ng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n thu h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay c\u00e1c th\u00e1i gi\u00e1m. Ch\u00fat kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1n quan th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u201cquan\u201d, l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u00ean trong, c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 th\u1eadm th\u1ee5t qua vua, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n, Minh) nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u01b0\u1edbp quy\u1ec1n cho d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh. L\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thu nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o kinh \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh thu t\u00f3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ea7u khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u \u201ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5p quan\u201d n\u00e0y im ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, h\u1ecd g\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eady g\u00e2y qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3o lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00ean trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eady n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. G\u1ed1c g\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd lo o b\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, k\u00e8n c\u1ef1a theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec7n l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c h\u1ecd Qu\u00e1ch (c\u00f3 L\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t), h\u1ecd T\u00f4 (T\u00f4 Hi\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd b\u00e1m theo quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a L\u00ed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng theo v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean b\u1ec1n dai h\u01a1n h\u1ecd \u0110\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o Cam M\u1ed9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p cho L\u00ed C\u00f4ng U\u1ea9n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c b\u00ean l\u1ec1 trung ch\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 lo gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00ecnh, khi ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m quan trong tri\u1ec1u th\u00ec tuy c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1ebf y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 L\u00ea V\u0103n Th\u1ecbnh, L\u01b0u Kh\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u2013 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 M\u1ea1c Hi\u1ec3n T\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb truy \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng, th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i lang Ph\u00f9ng Ch\u00e2n \u0111i s\u1ee9 T\u1ed1ng (1014), v\u1edbi \u0110i\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy Ph\u00f9ng L\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd \u0110inh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft (1041) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n Ph\u00f9ng Tr\u00ed N\u0103ng c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh Ai Lao (1048), cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 Ph\u00f9ng T\u00e1 Chu gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n (theo nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean.) Nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c c\u0169 g\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u00f4. Nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u00f9ng (h\u1ecd) \u0110\u1ed7 \/ \u201c\u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ed9ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ed7 Anh V\u0169 n\u0103m 1150 c\u00f3 ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1 H\u01b0ng b\u00ean l\u1ec1 trung ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0m D\u0129 M\u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y (1210), xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m cha v\u1ee3 vua m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 (\u0110\u1ed7 Anh Tri\u1ec7t) m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi v\u00e0 s\u1eed quan theo h\u00f9a ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch. H\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 l\u00fac n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, l\u00fac ch\u00ecm l\u1eafng nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n dai th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u su\u1ed1t tri\u1ec1u L\u00ed. T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng khi Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng thu x\u1ebfp khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7. \u0110\u1ed7 Gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong l\u1ea7n phong ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi phe c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a vua, r\u1ed3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi sau, \u0110\u1ed7 H\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng Th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ban (1039) t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng gia kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh trong l\u00fac th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00f4ng gia g\u1ea7n Th\u0103ng Long chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, ch\u1ed3ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 c\u0169. Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng l\u00fac l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 phong cho ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d An<\/i> qu\u1ed1c, Ph\u1ee5<\/i> qu\u1ed1c, Khu\u00f4ng<\/i> qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m s\u1eed quan Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean khi d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh g\u1eb7p kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng con (ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c?), nh\u1edd th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh can thi\u1ec7p trong v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha (T\u1eeb Vinh) ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phe \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u00ean, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ea1nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng sau nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Gi\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ea1nh tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft nh\u1edd S\u00f9ng Hi\u1ec1n h\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 con ch\u1edd n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng. R\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c phe Gi\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 con S\u00f9ng Hi\u1ec1n h\u1ea7u l\u00ean ng\u00f4i: Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng th\u1ebf c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f9ng Tr\u1ea1i! Th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed7 Thi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb cung \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111i b\u00e1o cho cha m\u1eb9 ru\u1ed9t bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i \u2013 \u0110\u1ed7 Thi\u1ec7n mang ch\u1ee9c \u201cn\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n\u201d khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 S\u1eed k\u00ed<\/i> h\u01b0 \u1ea3o, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c tr\u00f4ng coi ph\u1ee7 Thanh Ho\u00e1 (1129), \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 tranh gi\u00e0nh n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. \u201cHo\u00e0ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed l\u00ean ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc linh c\u1eedu\u201d (Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng), c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5m qu\u00e2n c\u1ea7m binh kh\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean An n\u01a1i vua ra tri\u1ec1u, r\u1ed3i m\u1edf c\u1eeda ng\u00e1ch cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u v\u0103n v\u00f5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu m\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng. Ch\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, vua m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u00e1o tang khi\u1ebfn s\u1eed quan ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc, \u201cL\u1ec5\u201d ngh\u0129a theo c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n xo\u00e1 g\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi m\u1edbi, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u201cd\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t\u201d \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong vi\u1ec7c S\u00f9ng Hi\u1ec1n h\u1ea7u sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng, m\u1eb9 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 l\u00e0m Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i h\u1eadu ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c danh \u0111\u00f3 cho \u00f4ng b\u00e0 b\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng l\u1eddi ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh ng\u00f4i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 toan t\u00ednh n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean phe ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi n\u1eefa. Di chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho Th\u00e1i u\u00fd L\u01b0u Kh\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e0m (ch\u1ebft: 1136), m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng L\u00ea L\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. S\u1eed quan d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh,\u201d \u201csai\u201d L\u00ea B\u00e1 Ng\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00f4ng \u201cN\u1ed9i\u201d V\u0169 v\u1ec7 n\u00e0y n\u1eafm binh quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c. Cha ru\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua m\u1edbi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o khi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 xong!<\/p>\n
L\u00ea B\u00e1 Ng\u1ecdc trong tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1128 l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i u\u00fd n\u1eafm binh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea7u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ngang v\u1edbi cha ru\u1ed9t vua, l\u1ea1i thu x\u1ebfp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 vua, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng danh v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 su\u00f4n s\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd trong l\u1eddi s\u1eed x\u01b0a. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft (1135) \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau th\u00f4i v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i u\u00fd c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y trong tay L\u01b0u Kh\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e0m, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi: D\u01b0\u01a1ng Anh Nh\u0129. Th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00ed l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfm ch\u1ee9c v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i an ninh nh\u1ecf (L\u00ed S\u00f9ng Ph\u00fac) nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00ed C\u00f4ng B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 th\u00e1ng 3\u00e2l. v\u1edbi t\u00f9 binh, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c B\u00e1 Ng\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi L\u00ed th\u00e1ng 6\u00e2l., trong th\u00e1ng 8, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00ednh v\u00e0o tay L\u01b0u Kh\u00e1nh \u0110\u00e0m v\u00e0 M\u00e2u Du \u0110\u00f4 (n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong tri\u1ec1u sau, ch\u1ebft 1146) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i L\u00ea B\u00e1 Ng\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c quan tranh nhau \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u01b0\u01a1u tr\u1eafng, v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean vua c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ch\u01b0a vu\u1ed9t kh\u1ecfi tay h\u1ecd L\u00ed. Cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n (cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1128), B\u00e1 Ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i s\u01b0 \u1edf t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, c\u00f2n mang th\u00eam h\u1ecd Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi uy th\u1ebf th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u sa s\u00fat quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c d\u00e0i h\u01a1i trong v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Hai n\u0103m 1140-41 (1139 \u0110VSL<\/i>) c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1n Th\u00e2n L\u1ee3i su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ph\u00eda b\u1eafc m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt chinh ph\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 Anh V\u0169. \u201c\u00d4ng\u201d Th\u00e2n L\u1ee3i trong s\u1eed \/ \u201cTh\u1eb1ng\u201d Suy tr\u00ean bia \u0110\u1ed7 Anh V\u0169, \u201ct\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 con Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng,\u201d nh\u1edd c\u1eady v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00ed \u1edf V\u00e2n Nam, m\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u1ecd Tri\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng, khi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Th\u00e2n th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi L\u00ed. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ecd Th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u1eb1ng Suy\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u1edb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u1eeb h\u1ecd Th\u00e2n m\u00e0 L\u00ed t\u1eebng k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng gia, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 danh v\u1ecb shaman \u201cth\u1ea7y b\u00f3i\u201d m\u00e0 s\u1eed quan g\u00e1n cho, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf L\u1ee3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh r\u1eebng n\u00fai. D\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i xong \u0110\u1ed7 Anh V\u0169 ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 b\u00ean trong (1150). Vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng trai g\u00e1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng th\u00e1i s\u01b0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1edbi b\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu Chi\u00eau Linh (ch\u1ebft 1190), nh\u01b0ng v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 l\u00e0 khuynh lo\u00e1t trong th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean trong tranh ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea7m phe, hay b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00ed, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ph\u00f2 m\u00e3, hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 trong v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd T\u00f4, h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 \u201cm\u01b0u ph\u1ea3n b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft\u201d trong v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c (1109). So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 th\u00ec T\u00f4 Hi\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u1eb9p Th\u00e2n L\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. S\u1eed quan v\u1ea1ch t\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed7 Anh V\u0169 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng bia \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u00f4ng ta, danh v\u1ecb c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn sau khi ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu ta tin r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ed7 th\u00e1i u\u00fd\u201d trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi L\u00ed n\u0103m 1214 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u00f4ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 T\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd T\u00f4 l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 Anh V\u0169, nh\u01b0ng T\u00f4 Hi\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh sau n\u00e0y tuy ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu kh\u00e1c l\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi con tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m vua, v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cem trai Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e1i h\u1eadu\u201d (h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7) l\u00e0m quan \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u (1175) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i C\u00e2n Xa nhi b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n b\u00ean trong cung \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m suy s\u1ee5p tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i trong khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eb9 \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady. Cha con T\u1ed1ng Huy T\u00f4ng, Kh\u00e2m T\u00f4ng b\u1ecb Kim b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 sa m\u1ea1c n\u0103m 1127, Cao T\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 nam l\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u Nam T\u1ed1ng, v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c suy y\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 T\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p cho n\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c, phong L\u00ed Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0m (Giao Ch\u1ec9) Qu\u1eadn v\u01b0\u01a1ng (1131 \u0110VSL<\/i>) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1164 l\u1ea1i coi L\u00ed Cao T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 An Nam Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee7 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d An Nam (An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c; \u0110VSL:<\/i> 1174; TT:<\/i> 1186 v\u1edbi Anh T\u00f4ng, mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n). \u00c1p l\u1ef1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 \u0111i khi\u1ebfn L\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5n ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00eda nam: Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb khi Yan Po Ku Vijaya Sri (\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c vua T\u00f4n qu\u00fd Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i,\u201d L\u01b0\u01a1ng Ninh d\u1ecbch) d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t r\u1eddi b\u1ecf Indrapura qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi mang t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn xem v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng, hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec v\u1edbi chung m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u1ea4n (tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng trung gian) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 mang d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i d\u00f9 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng do l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trung t\u00e2m M\u0129 S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u00faa ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u1edf xa, v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn trong v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u1eafm cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 Harivarman IV (\u1edf ng\u00f4i 1074-1081) ghi tr\u00ean bia, h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u00f3 cha thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9c D\u1eeba (B\u1eafc), m\u1eb9 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9c Cau (Nam) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp theo tranh ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u, v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf Panduranga.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c l\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c L\u00e2m \u1ea4p c\u0169 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m Vijaya. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb l\u00e0 sau khi S\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ea9u b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00f9ng Phan Rang (1050) v\u1edbi c\u00e1i bia kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c l\u1eddi L\u00ed Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u Di\u1ec5n: \u201cD\u00e2n x\u1ee9 Panran th\u00ec h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, x\u1ea5u xa, d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vua cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Champa…\u201d L\u00ed Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng v\u00e9t t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n Ch\u00e0m v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Harivarman IV. Ba ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ecba L\u00ed, Ma Linh, B\u1ed1 Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ebf C\u1ee7 nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m khi L\u00ed g\u1eb7p kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fac L\u00ed Gi\u00e1c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh (1103, 1104). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng (adhipati \u2013 \u201cB\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3\/\u0111\u1ec1\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t), c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed Th\u00e1i t\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p (yuvaraya). H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ghi: \u201cch\u00e2u\u201d, \u201cl\u00e0ng\u201d, c\u00f2n bia \u0111\u00e1 th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb pramana, vijaya c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201ct\u1ec9nh\u201d, \u201ckhu v\u1ef1c.\u201d T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf c\u1eaft v\u1ee5n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng theo c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, ch\u1ec9 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 huy n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Tranh ch\u1ea5p khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng phe ph\u00e1i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y qua n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh chi\u1ebfm v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t. N\u0103m 1152 (\u0110VSL:<\/i> 1150), ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n Ong Vangsaraja (Ung Minh Ta \u0110i\u1ec7p) li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kiritas (mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai), c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng vua ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. L\u00ed M\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh \u0111em qu\u00e2n Thanh Ngh\u1ec7 sang gi\u00fap b\u1ecb Jaya Harivarman I (Ch\u1ebf B\u00ec La B\u00fat) \u0111\u00e1nh tan, gi\u01b0\u01a1ng danh c\u00f4ng tr\u1eadn trong hai bia nam, b\u1eafc \u1edf Phan Rang v\u00e0 M\u0129 S\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng khoe n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 Yavana (Vi\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n
T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a L\u00ed l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n ra c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Angkor v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Suryavarman II (1113-1150). V\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Angkor l\u00e0 \u1edf trung l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Mekong n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng ra bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tranh gi\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c qua n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. S\u1eed T\u1ed1ng t\u1eebng ghi (1008) vi\u1ec7c l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea1y qua n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9. L\u00ed Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, qu\u00e2n Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng hai l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 b\u1ed9 (1128) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa n\u0103m 1137. S\u1ef1 xung kh\u1eafc quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 khi Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t (1132), r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1nh Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p g\u00e2y ra cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c qua l\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft th\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1220 khi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi Xi\u00eam l\u1edbn d\u1eady ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u201cTr\u0103m n\u0103m\u201d \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t Chi\u00eam (1145) ho\u1eb7c cai tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng phe ph\u00e1i Ch\u00e0m li\u00ean minh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eeba ra nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfn Chi\u00eam ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (1149), thu ph\u1ee5c d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u0103m 1152 v\u1edbi Ung Minh Ta Di\u1ec7p) r\u1ed3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c (chi\u1ebfm Amaravati \/ Qu\u1ea3ng Nam n\u0103m 1151, Panduranga 1160). H\u1ecd tuy c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef ho\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu (g\u1edfi s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 g\u00e2y t\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng gia hai n\u0103m sau khi d\u1eb9p n\u1ed9i lo\u1ea1n 1154) nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n theo \u201cgi\u00f3 s\u00f3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d4, L\u00ed n\u0103m 1166 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi g\u00e2y lo ng\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a c\u1ee7a T\u00f4 Hi\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh n\u0103m sau. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac (1177), thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt tranh chi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm Angkor, gi\u1ebft vua Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1181 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n ghi chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n Bayon v\u00e0 Banteay.<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng qua l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Khmer tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c th\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e2y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i hay tr\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u00f2 cao. Th\u00e1p H\u01b0ng Th\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Angkor Vat (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XII). Ba th\u00e1p D\u01b0\u01a1ng Long c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i x\u1ebfp th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Angkor Vat, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng Bayon c\u1ee7a Angkor Thom tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 r\u1eafn Naga t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf th\u00e1p B\u00e1nh \u00cdt mang phong c\u00e1ch Bayon cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XII. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng: L\u00ed b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y th\u00e1p nh\u01b0 L\u00ea T\u1eafc k\u1ec3, sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1n cho Chi\u00eam? Trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecdng d\u00e0i l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c xoay quanh v\u00f9ng Ngh\u1ec7 An nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u0103c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i thay b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf cho n\u01a1i n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn s\u1eed quan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi k\u00ec th\u1ecb m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t ra nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean L\u00ed t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf th\u1ebf h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i lo ri\u00eang cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng ngay trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, L\u00ed th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng \u01b0u th\u1ebf t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u1ebb n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u1ec3n qua th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chung, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef sao cho t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf cao nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c, b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tranh chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp b\u1edfi L\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t an.<\/p>\n
M\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e2ng cao trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u cho ph\u00e9p L\u00ed \u201ctha thu\u1ebf v\u1ea3i s\u1ee3i tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh\u201d (1072), m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u00fa n\u1eefa v\u1edbi v\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 b\u1ed1i \/ c\u00e1t b\u1ed1i t\u1eeb c\u00e2y b\u00f4ng g\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n d\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e2y b\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i b\u1ec1n dai, sang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. Cho n\u00ean n\u0103m 1084 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh cho ph\u00e9p d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nung ng\u00f3i l\u1ee3p nh\u00e0. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau (1097 \u0110VSL)<\/i> l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5m x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 ng\u00f3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m l\u00e0m thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn ng\u0103n \u0111i xa, s\u1ee3 g\u00e2y v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n. L\u1ec7nh n\u0103m 1099 (\u0110VSL)<\/i> c\u1ea5m ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed1i \u0103n m\u1eb7c trong cung ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng qua th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c len v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n (v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u, c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa, c\u00e1c quan) qua m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 khi\u1ebfn vua ph\u1ea3i ra l\u1ec7nh ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m (1128, 1131). Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 s\u1eed quan t\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quanh qu\u1ea9n v\u00f9ng kinh th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho ta nh\u00e2n r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i theo d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh (1157). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang h\u01a1i y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u \u0111i ki\u1ebfm ch\u00fat h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbm sang c\u1ea3, th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cb\u00e1ch t\u00ednh\u201d h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cnh\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd\u201d thu n\u1ea1p. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n m\u1edbi m\u1eb7c \u201c\u00e1o \u0111\u01a1n xanh\u201d (c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1eafc d\u00e2n\u201d? c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 quan?), m\u1edbi g\u00e2y tranh ch\u1ea5p ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t (1142) v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5n th\u00eam (1143), m\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn th\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0m v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng b\u00e1n cho h\u1ecd (l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m 1145) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u1ea1nh tranh sinh ho\u1ea1t sang c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean. Th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vua c\u0169ng y\u1ebfu \u0111i v\u00ec qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n, \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 cao v\u00e0o th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc (nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n s\u1ee9) l\u1ea1i \u0111i ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch \u201cc\u00e1c t\u01b0 gia.\u201d C\u00e1c t\u01b0 gia n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd T\u00f4, h\u1ecd L\u01b0u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed7 Anh V\u0169 \u0111ang n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt tr\u00ean tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n
M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n h\u1eb3n v\u00e0o trong v\u00f2ng th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c L\u00ed. H\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1edbp quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c chia s\u1edbt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p khi\u1ebfn ta kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u trong l\u1eddi s\u1eed s\u01a1 s\u00e0i: \u201cTh\u00e1i ph\u00f3 Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a Hi\u1ec1n ch\u1ebft (1161), ngh\u1ec9 ch\u1ea7u 5 ng\u00e0y v\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap vua l\u00ean ng\u00f4i.\u201d T\u00ean Ngh\u0129a Hi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc n\u0103m 1143 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0ng \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c Anh T\u00f4ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (1138) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 nh\u1edd ba b\u00e0 Phi kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c nh\u01b0 s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong tri\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho L\u00ed t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai v\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c vua sau Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00eam c\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u0103m, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u00ec l\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng s\u1eed quan ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch, ta th\u1ea5y tuy ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n qua th\u1eddi to\u00e0n th\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft kinh \u0111\u00f4, \u0111\u00e0n ca h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng, an h\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng vui v\u1ea7y. Khi T\u0103ng ph\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe (1202) \u201ckh\u00fac h\u00e1t theo \u0111i\u1ec7u Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh… ai o\u00e1n th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft,\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy t\u00e0n ch\u1ee9 n\u1ec1n nh\u1ea1c, ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t kia v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n theo \u00e2m kh\u00fac c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u00f4ng vua quy\u1ec1n uy Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng (1060) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng tri\u1ec7u m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u. Do n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u00f9 b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u00ean trong, nh\u00e0 L\u00ed ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n sau g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng d\u1eb1ng. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a L\u00ed ph\u1ea3i do t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Hoa L\u01b0. Trong v\u1ee5 gi\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i 1028, Khai Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed3 cai qu\u1ea3n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng c\u00e1t c\u1ee9, nay n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, b\u1ecb thua. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tri\u1ec1u c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft (\u0110inh L\u1ed9c 1041.) D\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ecd \u0110inh t\u1eebng l\u00e0m ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, n\u0103m 1154 (\u0110VSL:<\/i> 1152) c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u01a1n l\u00e3o\u201d (r\u1ee3 n\u00fai). C\u0169ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t s\u01a1n l\u00e3o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u201cth\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n,\u201d \u201cquan lang\u201d h\u1ecd \u0110inh d\u00ednh l\u00edu v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng 1184-85 khi\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng mang c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n chinh ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
Trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ed7ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd l\u1ea1: h\u1ecd Phan m\u00e0 suy ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p, cho ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 binh Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, ph\u00eda nam Th\u0103ng Long. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ri\u00eang ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f2ng qua Th\u0103ng Long tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng trung ch\u00e2u, ti\u1ebfp tay nh\u00f3m \u1edf h\u00e0nh cung L\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long n\u1ed5i d\u1eady (1198?) g\u00e2y qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3o k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (1203-1205, 1207). Con s\u1ed1 170 \u201ch\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1205, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 t\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c danh x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng, Ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c \u2013 tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng hay \u1edf Hoa L\u01b0, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m v\u00f9ng L\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m Hoa L\u01b0 v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 khi x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng ph\u00eda Ninh B\u00ecnh. Tuy kh\u00f4ng tranh c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f3m t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ngay \u1edf trung ch\u00e2u v\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u (1272) c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn ra t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt c\u00f2n c\u1ee1i voi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01a1i \u201cv\u00e0i ba ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi v\u1ec1,\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d \u2013 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII hay qua th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV, l\u00fac th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Nguy\u00ean. V\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u1eadt v\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u01b0\u1edbt qua nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00edch th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i,\u201d nh\u01b0 khi s\u1eed quan k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 Kh\u00e1nh sau khi t\u00f3m th\u00e2u quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh (1216) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Phan L\u00e2n x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n ng\u0169, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o binh kh\u00ed, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7 (khi\u1ebfn) qu\u00e2n th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n…\u201d cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda nam Th\u0103ng Long tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. Thanh Ho\u00e1 (1188-1192 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1p C\u1ed5 Ho\u00e0nh), Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u (H\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed3 1192) n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Di\u1ec5n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebb t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng \u201ccon ch\u00e1u \u0110inh Ti\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng\u201d ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh (1198) m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1214 (1215 \u0110VSL,<\/i> thua) Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 Kh\u00e1nh c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i mang qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 n\u00eau c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng,\u201d \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng,\u201d \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Kho\u00e1i,\u201d \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam S\u00e1ch,\u201d \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Thu\u1eadn L\u01b0u…\u201d Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 danh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e0ng sau nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi nay suy y\u1ebfu, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 L\u00ed ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd c\u1eady. \u0110\u00e1nh \u201cs\u01a1n l\u00e3o,\u201d qu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u201cl\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00e2u (\u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng)\u201d \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 n\u1ecd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e0m D\u0129 M\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 l\u00ed do: Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a L\u00ed b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb h\u1ea1i L\u00ed. T\u0103ng ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda sai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c trong tay L\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra (1198 \u0110VSL<\/i>) \u201ctri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 trong x\u1ee9\/n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01a1i v\u1ef1a l\u00faa,<\/i>\u201d \u0110\u00e0m D\u0129 M\u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u201cv\u00e0i m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3.\u201d T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf nhoi c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch trung \u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 L\u00ed khi d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd c\u1eady \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec nghi\u00eang ng\u1ea3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a theo phe th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh trong c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng r\u1ed1i m\u00f9 l\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec5n N\u1ed9n h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u0103m ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 vua L\u00ed h\u1ea1ch t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i g\u1ea3 con, \u0111\u1ec3 Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 Kh\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n o b\u1ebf, mua chu\u1ed9c. B\u1ecb Kh\u00e1nh b\u1eaft, \u201ctr\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y th\u00e9p n\u0103m v\u00f2ng\u201d m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa vui \u0111\u00f9a, N\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u00e1nh th\u1ea3 ra, g\u1ea3 em con d\u00ec, cho ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t, lan c\u1ea3 qua \u0111\u1ea5t C\u1ed5 Loa (\u201cC\u1ea3 L\u0169,\u201d 1213 \u0110VSL<\/i>). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cc\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u00f9a Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng\u201d \u0111\u00f3 x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1219-1229 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng danh lam c\u00f3 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1n n\u00f4, kho ch\u1ee9a t\u00e0i v\u1eadt\u201d nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng ra l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u0103m 1088. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n-ma c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1 \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbc x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng, lan ra nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nh\u00f3m t\u00f9 binh Ch\u00e0m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Phan\/phi\u00ean Ma L\u00f4i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 mang d\u1ea1ng phi\u00eau h\u1ed1t \u201cc\u00f3 t\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng, d\u00f9ng binh nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n\u201d sau \u201cc\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu v\u00e0o th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c L\u00ed v\u1edbi ch\u00fat uy danh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u201ccon v\u00fa nu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a vua,\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng chia x\u1ebb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u s\u1eefa m\u1eb9 v\u1edbi vua n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cao qu\u00fd, sang tr\u1ecdng. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh L\u00ed c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u1edf th\u1eddi L\u00ed m\u1edbi c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n s\u1eed ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u201cho\u00e0ng b\u00e0\u201d n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft \u0111i. H\u1ecd \u0110o\u00e0n h\u1eb3n d\u1ef1a th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, ch\u00e2u H\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u M\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 sau, v\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n B\u1ea1ch M\u00e3 mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u00fat v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u c\u0169 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u00e2u H\u1ed3ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong cu\u1ed9c tranh chi\u1ebfn: h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm g\u1ed1c t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1eed quan cho th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch v\u00f9ng x\u00e3 An B\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, phong c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chia c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1edbp t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 L\u00ed, cho \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng Tr\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o cung L\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i Tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t v\u1ee3 v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i hi sinh cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n dai c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd! \u0110\u00e1nh c\u00e1, c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cung c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tung ho\u00e0nh h\u01a1n. Sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cung c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m L\u00ed \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng tham gia v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 n\u1ea3y ra d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n theo s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111ang n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1edd c\u1eady h\u1ecd. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a L\u00ed th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho Tr\u1ea7n chen v\u00e0o trong v\u00f2ng th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c L\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t, Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 Kh\u00e1nh, v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u00f4 em th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed S\u1ea3m \u2013 Hu\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u2013 Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu, vua, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu \u2013 t\u1eeb tay c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t h\u1ecd L\u00ed v\u1ec1 tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi em h\u1ecd: Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ecd. Vua L\u00ed kh\u00f4ng con trai, truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i cho con g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh nh\u1ecf trong cung c\u1ea5m, \u00e9p Chi\u00eau Ho\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y c\u1eadu b\u00e9 Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3nh, chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00f4i cho h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n (1226), l\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p Nguy\u1ec5n N\u1ed9n, \u0111em c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n th\u00eanh thang g\u00f3p v\u00e0o Th\u0103ng Long, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho ta th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00f9ng trung, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du v\u1ed1n qua c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n chen v\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh L\u00ed. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa L\u00ed r\u1ed3i y\u00ean t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd Th\u00e2n, h\u1ecd H\u00e0, h\u1ecd L\u00ea \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5 t\u00f9 ho\u00e1. C\u00f3 v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0m ph\u00f2 m\u00e3, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 phe th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00ec c\u00f4 th\u1ebf, may l\u1eafm th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea c\u0169, kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p L\u01b0\u01a1ng Nguy\u00ean B\u01b0u (1150). Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh bi\u1ec3n, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
V\u1ecb tr\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a L\u00ed<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 L\u00ed l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t. H\u1eadu L\u00ea cai tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00ec M\u1ea1c, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi Trung h\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i l\u00e0m v\u00ec. Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi k\u00ec l\u00e0m Ch\u00faa c\u00f2n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n th\u1eddi l\u00e0m Vua c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00ed, trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau th\u1eddi ch\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u vua Hoa L\u01b0, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i cho n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 sau. C\u0169ng n\u00ean nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cNam qu\u1ed1c s\u01a1n h\u00e0 Nam \u0111\u1ebf c\u01b0…\u201d l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00ec l\u1ebd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u00ed T\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3, trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ra th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV, th\u1eadt l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i trong th\u01a1 v\u0103n L\u00ed m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean: \u201cNh\u01b0 h\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ed7 lai x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m…\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a L\u00ed trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a kinh \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi, tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ec1 qu\u00ea,\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i L\u00ed ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean Hoa L\u01b0 khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p c\u0169ng th\u1eadt thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u, khi\u1ebfn cho k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i khi mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5n \u00e1p, l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i uy th\u1ebf c\u0169. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi th\u00ec nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd l\u1ed9 ra: Khung c\u1ea3nh ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Hoa L\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3ng khung t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n tranh quy\u1ec1n, khi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 quanh qu\u1ea9n trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p. \u01afu th\u1ebf xa khu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u0169 l\u00e2u d\u1ea7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 co r\u00fat, tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec L\u00ed d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u0169 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c x\u01b0a m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra trong th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n minh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ebft t\u1eadp cao trong v\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ef1u th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, trong n\u1ebfp sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a L\u00ed.<\/p>\n
L\u00ed v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 C\u00e1 S\u1ea5u Th\u0103ng Long, t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft v\u01b0\u01a1n xa tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh theo m\u1ed9t cung c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1edf ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nay \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp theo, n\u1eafm t\u01b0 th\u1ebf gom g\u00f3p quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a \u201ctri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d v\u1ed1n th\u1eadt m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n hay ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1 v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a L\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u0169 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba x\u01b0a, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u1edf s\u00e1t ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc An Nam tuy c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cqu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d mang t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cqu\u1eadn v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn cai tr\u1ecb n\u1eefa. Ch\u00ednh L\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00eau danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh cai qu\u1ea3n (1054) qua nh\u1eefng d\u00f2 d\u1eabm c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 v\u01b0\u1edbng qua th\u1eddi \u0110inh, l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i C\u1ed3 Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00e0n tr\u1edf m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec c\u00f4ng c\u00e1n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn L\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi nay. S\u1eed xa \u0111\u1eddi tuy m\u1edd m\u1ecbt, s\u1eed quan hay b\u1ecb ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch n\u1ecbnh b\u1ee3 ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, ta th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd th\u1eadt th\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u00ec may m\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed tuy c\u0169ng do nho s\u0129 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edt khu\u00f4n th\u1ee9c gay g\u1eaft h\u01a1n l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau h\u1ecd. Quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i> l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1n ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 L\u00ed s\u00e1t \u0111\u1eddi-th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed to\u00e0n th\u01b0<\/i> c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh T\u1ed1ng nho H\u1eadu L\u00ea. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt trong quy\u1ec3n S\u1eed k\u00ed<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 Thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ed qua nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh L\u00ed v\u1eabn c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u00e1c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1ch, cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ee9t v\u1ee1, g\u00e3y n\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 hung t\u1ee3n c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00ea m\u00f9a\u201d n\u1eafm c\u00e0y cu\u1ed1c, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec ch\u0103m nom ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0n ca h\u00e1t x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cao c\u1eeda r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngu ng\u01a1 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t g\u1eabm trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n linh. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 m\u1eadp m\u1edd l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong, ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed3 ao, l\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 mang d\u00e1ng c\u00e1c con r\u1ed3ng cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh s\u00e1ch xa v\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh qua c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u00f4 ph\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta nh\u1eadn ra ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u1ecb l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1eed k\u00ed m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef cao c\u1ea5p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p cho x\u1ee9ng b\u1ef1c cao sang \u2013 c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 t\u00e2m l\u00ed k\u00eanh ki\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi nay kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng khi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng k\u00ec thi l\u00e0m t\u00ednh, vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cb\u1ea3n x\u1ee9\u201d ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 m\u1edbi \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho n\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ed1i ch\u1eef d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, \u201cqu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef.\u201d \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t mang k\u00e8m ch\u1eef \u201cc\u1ed3\u201d (vi\u1ebft theo ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u201cc\u00f9\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u00e2m) nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a h\u01a1n. L\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cch\u00e0ng l\u1edbn\u201d m\u00e0 ta d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u201ch\u1ea1ng lang\u201d tuy kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p danh v\u1ecb B\u1ed1 C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng (hay Vua C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, theo K.W. Taylor) tuy ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y \u1edf s\u00e1ch th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV. V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f4m b\u1ecb g\u00f2 \u00e9p, u\u1ed1n \u00e9o v\u00e0o th\u01a1 v\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa. Tr\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e1 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u00e0i ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1210. \u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 khi \u00f4ng x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u c\u00fa trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cqu\u1ed1c \u00e2m\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i v\u0103n Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 th\u00eam b\u1edfi t\u00ednh tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n qua ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ebf, s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi, l\u00e0 khi tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ra ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf m\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, To\u00e0n th\u01b0<\/i> khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 1150 nh\u1eb1m l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed7 Anh V\u0169, cho bi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt V\u0169 \u0110\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1eafng l\u00e0 V\u0169 \u201cC\u1ee9t\u201d, ph\u1ea3i ghi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (Vi\u1ec7t) l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1t\u201d, nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n ch\u00fa th\u00eam l\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201cc\u1ee9t \u0111\u00e1i\u201d (c\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1i.) L\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong l\u00fac gi\u1eadn d\u1eef th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201chi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, nho nh\u00e3\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ta c\u00f2n nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng s\u1eed quan \u01b0a l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y, mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 vua ch\u00faa, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tai, ph\u00f3ng tay gi\u1eef l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch rao gi\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u201cc\u1ee9t \u0111\u00e1i\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sao c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng v\u1eeba m\u1edbi nghe l\u00fac n\u00e3y, c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 quanh qu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y? Cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n suy \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00eam. M\u1ed9t danh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nho th\u1ea7n B\u1eafc ghi l\u00e0 L\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1eed th\u1ea7n ta ghi l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eef \u201cth\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d th\u1ea5y trong v\u0103n bia \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng cho ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u201cth\u1eb1ng\u201d. Qua l\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII th\u00ec \u201cth\u1eb1ng\u201d c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd khinh mi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 ru\u1ecdng trong v\u0103n bia L\u00ed 1210 th\u00ec h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f4 b\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ai. V\u1eady \u201cth\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1t\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eb1ng C\u1ee9t.\u201d V\u00e0 \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec7t\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eb1ng C\u1eb7t.\u201d \u00d4ng danh t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ed1c ch\u1eef H\u00e1n: (Qu\u00e1ch) Tu\u1ea5n, t\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u2013 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi nho nh\u00e3, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a: th\u1eb1ng C\u1eb7t, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd g\u00ec khinh mi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u00ean n\u00e0y cho \u00f4ng su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf n\u00f3 khi \u00f4ng l\u00e0m quan \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u, Th\u00e1i u\u00fd, t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, khi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean t\u1eed ngh\u0129a nam, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng vua, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea3 khi \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1eed s\u00e1ch cho \u0111\u1eddi sau ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ecdng \u2013 t\u00ean \u201cx\u1ea5u\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1eafn qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u1edd th\u1eddi gian kho\u1ea3 l\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i qua m\u1ed9t hai ch\u1eef l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng. Ta \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng song ng\u1eef<\/i> trong giao thi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Ng\u00f4 Ch\u00e2n L\u01b0u, T\u0103ng th\u1ed1ng \u201ckhu\u00f4ng (ph\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc) Vi\u1ec7t,\u201d \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110inh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u1ec1n uy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp anh<\/i> ghi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Ng\u00f4 Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ebf, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Ng\u00f4 Vi\u1ec7t tan r\u00e3 (978) v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 n\u01a1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ebf, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00f4 c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0nh M\u1eadt, m\u1ea5t (936) v\u00e0o tay Nam \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ed1ng C\u1ea3o k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch su\u00f4n s\u1ebb khi \u0111i theo L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n nghe \u00f4ng ta khoe c\u00e1i l\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi nghe h\u00e1t th\u00ec \u00f4ng s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh: ti\u1ebfng Man! L\u00ed g\u1ed1c M\u00e2n (Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn), ng\u01b0\u00f2i ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c M\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec nh\u00ecn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Qu\u1ebf h\u1ea3i ngu h\u00e0nh ch\u00ed<\/i> (1175) \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ea5y, qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda l\u00e0 d\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf! V\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch v\u1edf r\u00e1ch n\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng qua n\u0103m th\u00e1ng: C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Qu\u1ea7n Ng\u1ef1a (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) do J.Y. Claeys \u0111\u01b0a ra (1934), h\u1eb3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i Thi\u00ean Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a L\u00ed, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi danh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n! Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u1eafm c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n m\u1ec7nh d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecd c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau, nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ph\u1ea9m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u1eadn d\u1eef: \u201cNg\u00f4 Ph\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 l\u1ed3n, L\u00ea \u0110\u00f4 quan l\u00e0 c\u1ee9t!\u201d (T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean v\u0103n \u201cNg\u00f4 Ph\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c th\u1ecb Lan, L\u00ea \u0110\u00f4 quan th\u1ecb K\u00edch.\u201d) C\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed g\u00e1n cho \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n\u201d t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u00ec tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m x\u1eed t\u1ed9i \u00f4ng Thi\u1ebfu s\u01b0 t\u01b0 th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y th\u1eafc m\u1eafc l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1189 \u0111\u00f3 d\u00ednh l\u00edu t\u1edbi \u00f4ng M\u1ea1c Hi\u1ec3n T\u00edch m\u00e0 TT<\/i> ghi \u0111\u1ed7 trong k\u00ec thi ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1085, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i s\u1ee9 Chi\u00eam n\u0103m 1094, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u danh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. TT<\/i> nho gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam minh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1eafng m\u1ecf \u201cd\u01a1 d\u00e1y\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110VSL<\/i> n\u00ean kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc t\u1ea1i sao M\u1ea1c Hi\u1ec3n T\u00edch kh\u00f4ng ve b\u00e0 \u1ef6 Lan m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ve b\u00e0 Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a 100 n\u0103m sau? Tuy nhi\u00ean hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kia l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Th\u00e1i ph\u00f3 Ng\u00f4 L\u00ed T\u00edn l\u00e0m Ph\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n \u0110\u00f4 quan L\u00ea N\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec n\u0103m sau h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00e2u m\u1eafng kia c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Ch\u1eef \u201cl\u00e0\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i d\u00f9ng trong th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nguy\u00ean v\u0103n kh\u1ea9u ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0: \u201cNg\u00f4 Ph\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0.., L\u00ea \u0110\u00f4 quan l\u00e0…\u201d nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t d\u00e0i h\u01a1i, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n qua ch\u1eef H\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng lu\u1ef5 v\u00e0o v\u0103n ph\u00e1p H\u00e1n, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 sau cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p qua. C\u00e2u m\u1eafng tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a L\u00ed, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam t\u00fac nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n th\u1ec1, th\u01b0 t\u00edn quan c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh. Qua m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m n\u1eefa t\u1eeb L\u00ed, \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n chia n\u0103m x\u1ebb b\u1ea3y d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd thu nh\u1eadn th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
CH\u01af\u01a0NG VI:
\nM\u1ed8T GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N T\u00d4NG T\u1ed8C TR\u1eca N\u01af\u1edaC
\nTri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi m\u1edbi
\nCho t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0y m\u00f2 kinh s\u00e1ch) th\u00ec nh\u00e0 L\u00ed (v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n) l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u vua …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-3729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3729"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71669,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3729\/revisions\/71669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}