![\"Julie](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Julie-Thi-Underhill-Fear-of-Ambivalence1.jpg\" "\\"Julie")
<\/a><\/p>\nJulie Thi Underhill, Fear of Ambivalence<\/em>, 2001 <\/p>\n T\u00f4i vung c\u00e1i d\u00e2y th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t cha t\u00f4i. <\/p>\n – \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 tra t\u1ea5n t\u1ee5i t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 say s\u01b0a, ch\u1eafc th\u1ebf, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp th\u1eb1ng Bob v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ebft m\u1eb9 lu\u00f4n. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e0o kh\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y, hai \u0111\u1ee9a v\u1eeba b\u00f2 v\u1eeba l\u1ebft khi \u00f4ng qu\u1ea5t d\u00e2y n\u1ecbt v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00f4i \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i chuy\u1ec7n y\u00eau cho roi cho v\u1ecdt. T\u00f4i s\u1ee3 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n – L\u00e0m sao con l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ta nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i khi \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 v\u1eabn ch\u01a1i n\u00e9m b\u00f3ng ch\u00e0y v\u1edbi con \u1edf s\u00e2n sau. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean th\u1eb1ng Bob b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng. Nh\u01b0ng con v\u1edbi ta. Khi ta hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng ch\u00e0y c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3, con l\u00f2 t\u00f2 theo ta m\u1ed7i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u. H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 con l\u00e0 ch\u00fa b\u00e9 chuy\u00ean nh\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng. Sao con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? <\/p>\n – Ai b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i qu\u00ean h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n – Th\u00ec m\u00e0y n\u00f3i ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3\u2026 th\u00f4i b\u1ecf \u0111i.<\/p>\n – Kh\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111i, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp \u0111i. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Nh\u01b0ng con kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y vui s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i, cha \u01a1i, con \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n (Richard Hoffman, M\u1ed9t N\u1eeda Nh\u00e0<\/i>) (*)<\/p>\n * * *<\/p>\n S<\/b>au hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1n, th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 n\u0103m 1975, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00ean h\u1ed3 L\u00e9man. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1eb9n \u0111\u01a1n sai<\/i>. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, m\u00e0 v\u00ec khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i nh\u1edb trong c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng s\u0129 quan, treo m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh nh\u1ecf v\u1ebd chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ecb nh\u00ecn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i khi anh \u0111i h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n M\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, trong kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam h\u00e3y c\u00f2n \u00e2m vang \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i, khi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00f4n qu\u00ea nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng con, d\u00e2u r\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c VNCH t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean t\u1edf m\u1edf v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 t\u1ef1 do h\u00e3y c\u00f2n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a con chim h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1ea5y, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5.<\/p>\n R\u1ed3i n\u00f3 bay \u0111i m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m d\u00f9 cho ru\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn ra chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean, th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, 1975. Th\u01a1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0m m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c. C\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n mang nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi kia. N\u0103m n\u0103m sau b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n \u0110em th\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u00e3 t\u00f9 l\u01b0u x\u1ee9, \u0110\u00e3 m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay qu\u1eb1n qu\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3i, T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean, n\u0103m 1980. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb trong ch\u00fang ta, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, b\u1edfi cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang. Cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ai? L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hy v\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi \u00e1nh l\u1eeda giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau 1975 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1 \u0111i qua ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 th\u01a1, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 suy t\u01b0 th\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n th\u01a1 ca c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. Thi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a tan v\u1ee1. Mai Trung T\u0129nh chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u01a1 xu\u00f4i sang l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t:<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0a ta kh\u1ecfi ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/i> Th\u01a1 ch\u1eadm, blue<\/i>. Nh\u1edd th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t gi\u00e0u \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef l\u1ea1, ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng, xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng, ch\u1ea5m, ph\u1ea9y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Mai Trung T\u0129nh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ee9c \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002), trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1ch quan ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u00f9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1eed (1). T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u01a1 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0 k\u00fd v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng lao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. <\/p>\n * * *<\/p>\n C<\/b>h\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1edfi k\u00fd \u1ee9c, d\u0129 v\u00e3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u0129 v\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0o n\u1eb7n theo \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc (2). C\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u00edch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng do v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhanh gi\u1eefa hai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c hai \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y trong th\u01a1. B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00fac quanh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00fac c\u1ea3m. Nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap n\u00f3 dung ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, mu\u1ed1n l\u1edbn l\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u00e0 \u0111i<\/i> trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft, c\u00e2u k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y, tuy v\u1eady nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u1edf gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u1eeba n\u00f3i. D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ki\u1ec1n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n \u0111\u1ea5t Long Giao c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng (d\u1eabn theo Song Thao) <\/p>\n Trong th\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ebfm khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u00f9n nh\u00e3o, k\u1ebdm gai, con tr\u00e2u, c\u00e1i c\u00e0y, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/p>\n V\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3i. <\/p>\n Con v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3i (Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n)<\/i><\/p>\n Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a trang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u01a1m.<\/i><\/p>\n \u00c1o t\u00f9 th\u1eabm m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f4i vai (Cung Tr\u1ea7m T\u01b0\u1edfng) <\/p>\n C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ta \u01a1i bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 (Minh \u0110\u1ee9c Ho\u00e0i Trinh)<\/i><\/p>\n Ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t nam nh\u01b0 hoa \u0111\u00e0o, hoa mai, c\u00e2y tre, ph\u1edf, \u00e1o d\u00e0i, chi\u1ebfc n\u00f3n l\u00e1 hay n\u00f3n c\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00e1t c\u01a1m.<\/p>\n V\u00e0 n\u1ed3i c\u01a1m s\u00f4i. N\u1ed3i c\u01a1m s\u00f4i (Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea1 T\u1eeb)<\/p>\n K\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, tra t\u1ea5n, chia l\u00eca t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u00fat ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u00fang. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u1edbi, gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, th\u01a1 ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u0103n minh cao \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian tinh th\u1ea7n cao c\u1ea3 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, giam gi\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea7y, v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi di d\u00e2n mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xa l\u00eca \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb9, h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/p>\n M\u1eb9 ch\u1ebft \u0111au ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc. C\u1eafn r\u0103ng (Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea1 T\u1eeb)<\/p>\n Th\u01a1 Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea1 T\u1eeb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1. Qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 l\u1edbn, v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y qua t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e1ng l\u00ean n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfu \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1 ca mi\u1ec1n Nam: n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 \u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do, ch\u1ec9 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/i> c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/i> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i> m\u00e0 \u00edt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh si\u00eau h\u00ecnh<\/i>, \u00edt bi\u1ebft kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u00e2n x\u00e1c<\/i>.<\/p>\n * * *<\/p>\n C<\/b>\u00e1i t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, k\u00fd \u1ee9c, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7, \u00fd th\u1ee9c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00fac t\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c sang ch\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong khi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n gi\u00fap h\u00e0n g\u1eafn nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u00e1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 qua, th\u00ec ch\u00fang, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady hay kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh trong th\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi trong v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, ch\u00fang m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n h\u01a1n. <\/b><\/p>\n Ti\u1ec5n nhau nh\u1edb Th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, m\u01b0a Nguy\u00ean Sa, h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, hai l\u1ea7n l\u01b0u vong. <\/b>C\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m l\u00fd (defense mechanisms) thu\u1ed9c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (3). C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea3i qua l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ra kh\u1ecfi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c mong \u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. Ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, n\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, s\u1ef1 b\u00f4i x\u00f3a k\u00fd \u1ee9c.<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ecdc T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eeba tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 qu\u00e1 v\u00f5ng th\u1edd \u01a1 K\u1ebb n\u00e0o gh\u00e9 l\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m l\u00ean chi\u1ebfc v\u00f5ng \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i, s\u1ebd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u:<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1eddng gai g\u00f3c m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y<\/i><\/p>\n C\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m, \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sai nha, h\u00e0m oan, t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea7y, l\u00eca xa c\u1ed1 qu\u1eadn, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ea5y. Th\u01a1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1edd nh\u00f2a gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1i giam v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. T\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, tr\u1ea7m bu\u1ed3n, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong khi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch x\u00f3a b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c quay l\u1ea1i c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u0169, b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c. Thi ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u1eadu, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca \u0111\u1eabm kh\u00ed v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, th\u1ef1c ra ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u00e2y sang ch\u1ea5n. S\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1i giam, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed, h\u1ea1 nh\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, phao tin \u0111\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua, kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u \u0111i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u<\/i><\/p>\n (T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean) <\/p>\n B\u00f4i x\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra di ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Nh\u1ea5t Lang:<\/p>\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam (L\u00ea \u00d0\u00ecnh Nh\u1ea5t-Lang)<\/p>\n Tho\u1ea1t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7y, th\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mang trong n\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, ca ng\u1ee3i chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u01b0, n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc, th\u01a1 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng mang t\u00ednh tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1ea7m, t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i vi v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m. Trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd ph\u00fat tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea5ng linh thi\u00eang, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd th\u1ebf h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u00eam l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn. N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00f2ng tin m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. Th\u01a1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, v\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c xuy\u00ean qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00ean \u00e1n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 khi v\u1ec1 th\u0103m qu\u00ea c\u0169, Nha Trang, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Duy T\u00e2n, V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n ra \u0111i:<\/i><\/p>\n \u0111\u00eam cu\u1ed1i \u1edf nha trang Ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n xuy\u00ean qua t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong th\u01a1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. <\/p>\n * * *<\/p>\n S<\/b>\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01a1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u01a1i m\u1edf c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, mang ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, v\u00e0 h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00fac c\u1ea3m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u0103n xu\u00f4i v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng im l\u1eb7ng trong th\u01a1, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 im l\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 kh\u00ed chinh ph\u1ee5c. Th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1edbn, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf g\u00f3c t\u1ed1i, ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd, s\u1ef1 khinh b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ee7 nhau b\u1ee9ng r\u1ec5 (L\u01b0u Di\u1ec7u V\u00e2n)<\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, mang con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m chung, chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n g\u1eafn h\u1ecd v\u00e0o nhau. S\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1eef, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p v\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u, s\u1ef1 va \u0111\u1eadp l\u00f3e s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng th\u01a1 ca. Ghi l\u1ea1i, m\u1edf ra, c\u0103m ph\u1eabn, soi th\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 khoan dung. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. <\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1edd b\u00e1o ra bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1970 v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. C\u0169ng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau:<\/p>\n \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/i><\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1i bu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t qua th\u01a1 ca v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1eed thi, d\u00f9 g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n Con chim s\u01a1n ca bay \u0111i r\u1ed3i (T\u00fa K\u1ebfu Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Uy\u1ec3n)<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 sau 1975 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ea5m H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n d\u1ecdc theo bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Guam, trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n (Phan Ni T\u1ea5n)<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau 1975, th\u01a1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? R\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. R\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t bi th\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong th\u01a1, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Vi\u00ean Linh, Th\u1ee7y M\u1ed9 Quan:<\/p>\n Tr\u00ean Huy\u1ebft H\u1ea3i thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u giao ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u giao ti\u1ebfp \u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c b\u1ea7y v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai ph\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<\/i> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng ca ng\u1ee3i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd, n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 ca \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3, v\u1ee1 ra t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh, m\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (fragmentation). Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ebb g\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n chi\u1ec1u Arizona (Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Ch\u00e2u)<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m tan v\u1ee1. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u u\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng s\u1eefa \u0111en t\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Paul Celan, m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n * * *<\/p>\n C<\/b>\u00e1i l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh. Trong th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng: c\u00e1i tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Th\u1eadt ra s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 quan. Th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n. <\/i>Ngu Y\u00ean, n\u0103m 2008, khi v\u1ec1 th\u0103m qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n m\u1ea5t, Nha Trang m\u1ea5t, \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t m\u1ea5t Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e9t, tra t\u1ea5n, l\u01b0u vong l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1eddi b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u \u1edf ni\u1ec1m \u0111au v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n. Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 tai n\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Mai Trung T\u0129nh \u0111i c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 11 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ee9ng trong t\u00f9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn ra chim l\u01b0\u1ee3n qu\u1ea9n Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u01b0u vong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m hoang mang, lo \u00e2u, nghi v\u1ea5n. N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u1edf th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a di d\u00e2n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t an tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eed th\u00e1ch trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tri \u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u vong g\u1ed3m ba b\u01b0\u1edbc: s\u1ef1 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu t\u1eadp trung ho\u1eb7c \u1edf tr\u1ea1i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ed3i k\u00fd, th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.<\/i><\/p>\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc qua bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Tr\u1ea7n Nghi Ho\u00e0ng)<\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau, d\u00f9 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t hay kh\u00f4ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u1edf ch\u00ednh qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p v\u00e0i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft anh ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. <\/p>\n Ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Khi ch\u00fa \u00fd, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u00f4ng hoa \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t, trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng. \u00dd th\u1ee9c mang qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Hoa k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 bi k\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec bi k\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung ch\u00fang ta, c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc Nam.<\/i><\/p>\n Ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 (Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea1 T\u1eeb)<\/p>\n Trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1 Linh, Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n, M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 \u00f4m ch\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y nhau nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n quen c\u0169, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh b\u00ean nhau, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f3c tr\u00ean vai nhau. Ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. Th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0m ta ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 l\u00e0m ta rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ed3i h\u1ed3i. Th\u1eadt vui m\u1eebng nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 vang l\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o. Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan s\u00e1t \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n ta, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 x\u1ea5u xa c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o tr\u00ed nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n * * *<\/p>\n T<\/b>hi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n g\u00e2y ra do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng, nh\u01b0 xa cha m\u1eb9, s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 xa l\u00eca nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean Sa:<\/p>\n Bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng thinh kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi ch\u1eadm Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi di ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xa r\u1eddi<\/i>, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca xa r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3. R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng<\/i>.<\/p>\n Cho ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ta v\u1eeba tho\u00e1t (Lu\u00e2n Ho\u00e1n)<\/p>\n T\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd quay l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t ra \u0111i, l\u00eca b\u1ecf s\u1ebd chia n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai c\u00e1i t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin \u1ea5y n\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y, v\u1ec1 c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lo \u00e2u \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n X\u01b0a kia, ta \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0110\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi r\u00e1t b\u1ecfng (b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0, tr\u00edch trong Mi\u1ec1n L\u00e3ng Qu\u00ean, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ea3o Ch\u00e2n<\/i>) (5)<\/i><\/p>\n Tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 ca c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Tuy v\u1eady, trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, th\u01a1 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. C\u00e2u th\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00e2y ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sang ch\u1ea5n tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7:<\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i chung – nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c h\u1ecd ri\u00eang (T\u00fa K\u1ebfu Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Uy\u1ec3n, theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh)<\/p>\n T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trang s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng di ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng.<\/i><\/p>\n Chung tay ti\u1ebfp l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00eam (Thanh Nam, d\u1eabn theo Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea)<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong h\u00e0nh x\u1eed v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a l\u00fac sinh ra: xa ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00ean kia l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 l\u01b0u vong bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u00e0, sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 dung ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i giao thoa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u0103m 2009, t\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean H\u1ee3p L\u01b0u h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i (4)<\/p>\n M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang. Kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 hai d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau: d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh h\u00f9ng, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, t\u1ef1 kh\u00e9p m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00e3i quen s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do, r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, th\u1ea5t t\u00e1n, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng co h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00eca xa d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t l\u01b0u vong, mang theo l\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n V\u1eabn th\u1ea5y trong m\u01a1 \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1edf gi\u1ea5c (Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n)<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1n, sau nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp, v\u1edbi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n * * *<\/p>\n H<\/b>\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp <\/b>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di d\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. Tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd t\u1edbi, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f2n t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i v\u00ec \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, r\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai r\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi c\u00f2n tu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba sinh ra \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Khi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba t\u1ecf r\u00f5 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169, c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n x\u01b0a c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u00ean \u0111\u00e2u, bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. <\/p>\n s\u1ed1ng l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd b\u00f3ng h\u00ecnh S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong th\u01a1 B\u1eafc Phong, \u0111\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n b\u1ef1c, \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00eda, \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc, c\u1ef1u qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n hay h\u1ecdc sinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1; v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec7 tam, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hay B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 hay \u00dac, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 hay Canada. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u1edf M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef melting pot,<\/i> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi mau l\u1eb9 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u00fang c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u vong v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, c\u1ea7u thang m\u1edf s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n N\u1eeda khuya \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb xa t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u01b0u vong. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 dung h\u00f2a \u1ea5y khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi. Th\u01a1 c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n l\u00e0 cam ch\u1ecbu. Th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. Th\u01a1 c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh. Th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng. <\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft (L\u01b0u Di\u1ec7u V\u00e2n)<\/p>\n L\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n nghi ng\u1ea1i trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch quan, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cam ch\u1ecbu. C\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb:<\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfng chim m\u00f9a ch\u1ee3t r\u1ed9 l\u00ean nh\u01b0 gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 <\/i><\/p>\n Ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o cho b\u1ea1n, cho em <\/i><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 do – trong su\u1ed1t – gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/i><\/p>\n (\u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ngh\u0129a, \u201c\u0110i trong chi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 do.\u201d) <\/p>\n D\u00f5ng d\u1ea1c, thanh th\u1ea3n, t\u1ef1 tin. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi k\u1ec3. H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. K\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 s\u1edd m\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m, s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, va ch\u1ea1m, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi xanh ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebdm gai (V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c L\u1ec7)<\/p>\n M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, trong khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e2m t\u00ednh \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt k\u00e8m theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung gian. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, th\u01a1 h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, th\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. Do nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, do k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u th\u01a1 ca qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac quanh nh\u01b0 di d\u00e2n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n, t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n K\u00fd \u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. K\u00fd \u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. K\u00fd \u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Sau ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u00fd \u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n Ta c\u00f2n nh\u1edb m\u1eb7t ta ch\u0103ng?<\/i><\/p>\n (Khoa H\u1eefu)<\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea3y ng\u1ea7m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eadn th\u00f9, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chia r\u1ebd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh. Do nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ba v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean hai l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft khen nhau, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft khen nhau, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, v\u00ec h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu can \u0111\u1ea3m. C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c:<\/p>\n Bao n\u0103m (Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c S\u01a1n, theo V\u00f5 Ch\u00e2n C\u1eedu) (6)<\/p>\n C\u00e1i kh\u00e1c<\/i> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u01b0u vong, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd. \u0110inh Linh:<\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111a \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1eafc, Nh\u01b0ng th\u01a1 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1eebng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 anh ta ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a hay s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 th\u01a1 hay v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea5y tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 phi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 quy chi\u1ebfu lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ri\u00eang. <\/p>\n Trong mu\u00f4n d\u00f2ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t tu\u00f4n \u0111i (Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Thi\u1ec7n)<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ecdc qua b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy hi\u1ec3m, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. Th\u1eadt ra m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t va \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sang th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi im l\u1eb7ng. S\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng sau ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 ch\u00e1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n ch\u1ebft, lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 im l\u1eb7ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n * * *<\/p>\n K<\/b>ho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y \u0111i, nh\u1eefng m\u1eaft x\u00edch b\u1ecb c\u1eaft b\u1ecf, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng m\u1eaft x\u00edch r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng, gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, gi\u00fap s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. K\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1, c\u1eaft r\u1eddi, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang, l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda l\u1eadp th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng trong khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u01b0\u01a1ng tri c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng (bon sens). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, thi ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 do m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1eabn l\u1ed1i, h\u00f3a ra s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 than v\u00e3n. S\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o, h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh, hy v\u1ecdng?<\/p>\n m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng sen n\u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u01a1 Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh, khi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 sinh ra tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n. Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng: n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ed1n xuy\u00ean th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m, c\u00f2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eddi cha gieo \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 Thanh Nam. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u01a1. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a trong n\u00f3. Maya Angelou \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. \u00cdt th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3. \u00cdt h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, than \u0111\u00e1. \u00cdt h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e1 c\u00e2y h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. \u00cdt h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t.\u201d (7)<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ef5u ch\u00e2n (Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n) <\/p>\n G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n bay qua v\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1i Lan. Khi ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u1edbm th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u1eafng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, t\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y, bu\u1ed3m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi x\u00e9 ra gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, sau c\u01a1n b\u00e3o, n\u1eafng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tr\u1eddi trong khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn xa t\u1eadn ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebd l\u00ean tr\u00f2n nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba chi\u1ebfc phi c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c bay th\u1ea5p qua \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 bay v\u00f2ng l\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang bay th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 bay v\u00f2ng l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u Tr\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n Ph\u1eadt xin Ch\u00faa sao cho ch\u00fang th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i la li\u1ec7t r\u0169 r\u01b0\u1ee3i tr\u00ean s\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u00ed \u1ea9n. T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 do t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang. Vi\u1ec7c dung h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng hoa, nh\u01b0 trong thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng, xa l\u00eca, m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh sang ch\u1ea5n. Du T\u1eed L\u00ea:<\/p>\n N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i: ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb B\u00e2y gi\u1edd khi ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 m\u00e1y bay, nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean cao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u1edf ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n ra, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5m nh\u1ecf x\u00edu. Quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1n thuy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft. Khi l\u00ean cao nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, mong manh. Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1edbn lao qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh, gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0o qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau. Nh\u1edd h\u00e0nh vi \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1edbn l\u00ean, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n Th\u01a1 \u0111i qua kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n M\u00e1y bay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao, c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5m \u0111en d\u01b0\u1edbi kia ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00fac r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n V\u00e0, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5m nh\u1ecf li ti \u1ea5y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0.<\/p>\n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f9ng<\/b><\/p>\n Ch\u00fa th\u00edch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4<\/strong>:<\/u><\/p>\n (*) Richard Hoffman, Half the House<\/i>, t\u1eeb Sven Birkerts, The Art of Time in Memoir<\/em>, Graywolf Press, 2008, tr. 163.<\/p>\n (1) Hermeneutics, Stanley Porter & Jason Robinson, NXB Eerdmans, 2011, tr. 88.<\/p>\n (2) Doris Lessing, Time Bites, <\/em>\u201c\u2018Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang c\u1ea7m trong tay h\u00f2n ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd Phi ch\u00e2u, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Samora Machel c\u1ee7a Mozambique v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Julius Nyere c\u1ee7a Tanzania n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Robert Maguabe, n\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, n\u0103m 1980. \u201cGi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch g\u00ecn gi\u1eef n\u00f3.\u2019<\/p>\n Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba n\u0103m sau, h\u00f2n ng\u1ecdc \u1ea5y r\u01a1i v\u1ee1, b\u1ecb l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c, l\u1ea5m b\u1ee5i.\u201d<\/p>\n ( \u201c\u2018You have the jewel of Africa in your hands,\u201d said President Samora Machel of Mozambique and President Julius Nyere of Tanzania, to Robert Mugabe, at the moment of Independence, in 1980. \u201cNow look after it.\u2019<\/p>\n Twenty three years later and the \u201cjewel\u201d is ruined, dishonoured, disgraced.\u201d) <\/p>\n (3) C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (mental mechanisms) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i, ego, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1c quan<\/i>, k\u00fd \u1ee9c<\/i>, suy ngh\u0129 l\u00fd t\u00ednh<\/i>, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7<\/i>. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. <\/p>\n (4) H\u1ee3p L\u01b0u s\u1ed1 103, 2009.<\/p>\n (5) Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng Anh b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0:<\/p>\n The Landscape of Forgetting<\/strong><\/p>\n Once upon the time, I was here <\/i><\/p>\n Somewhere under the scorching sun <\/i><\/p>\n Treacherous and excruciatingly hard life seems <\/i><\/p>\n In vain I try to recall your name <\/i><\/p>\n Into the gigantic void my thoughts dwindling <\/i><\/p>\n Sir, history has no place for you here.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n <\/i><\/p>\n (6) V\u00f5 Ch\u00e2n C\u1eedu, Theo D\u1ea5u Nh\u00e0 Th\u01a1<\/em>, NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, 2015, p. 246.<\/p>\n (7) Sarah Lewis, The Rise<\/em>, Simon and Schuster, 2014.<\/p>\n <\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 cung c\u1ea5p. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. <\/p>\n Gaston Bachelard, The poetics of space<\/em>, Beacon, 1969 <\/p>\n Mieke Bal, Narratology, Introduction<\/em>, University of Toronton, 1985 <\/p>\n Thi V\u0169, B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t nam 1945- 1985<\/em>, Qu\u00ea M\u1eb9, 1993 <\/p>\n Caroly Forch\u00e9, Against Forget<\/em>ting, Norton, 1993 <\/p>\n J.D. Mc Clatchy, The vintage book of contemporary world poetry<\/em>, Vintage, 1996 <\/p>\n H\u00e0 Minh \u0110\u1ee9c, Th\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em>, Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, 1998 <\/p>\n Nh\u00f3m Vi\u1ec7t Th\u01b0\u1eddng, Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 v\u0103n h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i n\u0103m 20<\/em>00, V\u0103n M\u1edbi, 2000 <\/p>\n 26 Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em>, T\u00e2n Th\u01b0, 2002 <\/p>\n Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00f9i V\u1ee3i, Quang Huy, V\u0169 Qu\u1ea7n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, Th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh<\/em>, Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c, 2005 <\/p>\n Jennifer Ashton, From modernism to postmodernism<\/em>, Cambridge Press, 2005 <\/p>\n Nguy\u1ec5n H\u01b0ng Qu\u1ed1c, Th\u01a1 con c\u00f3c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c<\/em>, V\u0103n M\u1edbi, 2006, <\/p>\n Agnieska Gutthy, Exile and the narrative\/ poetic imaginati<\/em>on, Cambridge Scholars, 2010 <\/p>\n V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn, V\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1ed5ng quan<\/em>, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Books, 2014 <\/p>\n Du T\u1eed L\u00ea, Ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh 20 n\u0103m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Books, 2014 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi \u00e1nh l\u1eeda giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau 1975 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1 \u0111i qua ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":816,"featured_media":37098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8,278],"tags":[424],"class_list":["post-37089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-phe-binh","category-tho-thoi-dai","tag-van-hoc-hai-ngoai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/816"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37089"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37100,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37089\/revisions\/37100"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
(gelatin silver print from 35mm negative)<\/p>\n\n
<\/i>V\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o th\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y tr\u0129u qu\u1ea3
C\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c non xanh
<\/i><\/i>Nh\u01b0 t\u00edch c\u0169 ch\u00e2u theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 H\u1ee3p ph\u1ed1,
V\u1ea7ng tr\u0103ng x\u01b0a chia cho em m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, cho anh m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda
<\/i><\/i>M\u00e0 nay, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u00e1p nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh c\u1eaft chia cho g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0nh<\/i><\/p>\n
X\u00ed x\u00f3a \u0111\u1eddi ta v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi,
Ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m l\u00eca tan t\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 c\u1ef1u,
B\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n th\u1ebf c\u1ee5m m\u00e2y tr\u00f4i. <\/p>\n
Th\u00e8m \u0103n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb con ngh\u00e8o.
M\u1eb9 \u01a1i, con nh\u1edb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 d\u1ea1i,
Nh\u1edb mi\u1ebfng \u0103n m\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ch\u1eaft chiu.<\/i><\/p>\n
L\u00ean non t\u00ecm m\u00e3i v\u00e0o r\u1eebng b\u1ee5i s\u00e2u<\/i>
Em xa r\u1ed3i, ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u<\/i>
C\u00f3 g\u1ea7n, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eadn ra nhau l\u00fac n\u00e0y<\/i><\/p>\n
n\u01b0\u1edbc Long Giao qu\u00ed h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng
h\u1ed3 l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee9c Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf
tr\u1eddi th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1eeda
kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng
ng\u1ef1a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi
k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng th\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y huy\u1ec7t s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ea3 cha n\u00f3
\u0111\u1ec9nh cao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i><\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9ng du theo n\u1eafng l\u00ean cao<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n n\u1ee9a ch\u00e9m, v\u00e0nh tai gi\u00f3 l\u00f9a
Ng\u00f3 tay b\u1ed7ng th\u1ea5y gi\u00e0 nua
C\u1ee9a \u00eam th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u1ea5y m\u00f9a thu qua
M\u00f4i c\u1eb1n, m\u00e1 h\u00f3p th\u1ecbt da
Ng\u00f4 v\u01a1i mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00e9n, canh pha n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00f9n
<\/i><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1t c\u01a1m t\u01b0\u01a1i<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
T\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t nh\u00ecn. S\u1ebd th\u1eadt th\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3
Cho b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft
<\/i><\/i><\/i>Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u01a1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/i><\/p>\n
S\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 n\u1ed1t mi\u1ec1n Nam. M\u1edf m\u1eaft
<\/i><\/i>Xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch l\u00f4i nhau \u0111i. Quay m\u1eb7t<\/i><\/p>\n
S\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00f3ng ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadp h\u00ecnh
Ti\u1ec5n anh linh hi\u1ec3n u linh
C\u1ea5u v\u00e0o da th\u1ecbt th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecf \u0111i<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
D\u1eadu nghi\u00eang c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1ec1m um c\u1ecf
<\/i><\/i>Kh\u00e1ch c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u00e1ch m\u1edbi th\u01b0a<\/i><\/p>\n
T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n
<\/i><\/i>T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n man r\u1ee3 v\u00ec an ninh t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c
hanhhungchuyennghiep.vn.com
<\/i>N\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 gi\u1ea5u tay, Inc.
\u0110o\u00e0n ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n N\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 s\u01b0\u1edbng tay
Cty TNHH B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed (t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh: Violence Is Free, LLC)
H\u1ed9i th\u1eed th\u00e1ch t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n
\u0111\u1eadp-cho-\u0111\u00e3.org
H\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e9m ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m s\u1ea1ch <\/i><\/p>\n
h\u00e0ng phi lao c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i
<\/i><\/i>vi v\u00fat g\u00e0o k\u00fd \u1ee9c
g\u1edfi l\u1ea1i em m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a xanh
<\/i><\/i>khi t\u00f3c c\u00f9ng m\u00e0u nh\u01b0 li\u1ec5u
t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i nh\u01b0 32 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
t\u00ecm t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c
nh\u1eefng em b\u00e9 kh\u00f3c kh\u00e0n ti\u1ebfng pha thu\u1ed1c ng\u1ee7
b\u00fa s\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00eam
<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i>bao nhi\u00eau em b\u00e9 \u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m hoa sen
v\u00e0 sao \u0111\u1ecf trong v\u1edf s\u1ea1ch ch\u1eef \u0111\u1eb9p
<\/i><\/i>ch\u00fac t\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ch s\u1eed ghi nh\u1eadn<\/i><\/p>\n
c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee3 tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i
c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c th\u1eadt to<\/i><\/p>\n
th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5
<\/i><\/i>t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng
ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 c\u0169 <\/p>\n
\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ed9t c\u1ed1ng<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n
Nh\u00e0 m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n
\u0110\u1eddi m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Chi\u1ec1u b\u1ea7m \u0111en tr\u1eddi r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng
Th\u00e2n ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng b\u0103ng tuy\u1ec1n gi\u1edd t\u1eadn bi\u1ec7t<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1eeda
<\/i><\/i>nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y c\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng ung dung
nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i c\u1ee5m x\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t
<\/i><\/i>\u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0 ta v\u00e0ng v\u1ecdt n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i><\/p>\n
May qu\u00e1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n anh y\u00eau em<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Ch\u1eddn v\u1eddn con tr\u1eafng l\u1eabn con \u0111en<\/i>
<\/i><\/p>\n
C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n b\u00ean kia b\u1edd
<\/i><\/i>\u1ede \u0111\u00f3
N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp m\u1eb7n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta neo thuy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 ng\u0169 s\u1eafc<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh ch\u00e2n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee7
<\/i><\/i>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y me Nguy\u00ean Sa canh c\u1eeda d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng
C\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n d\u1eef t\u1ee3n<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp chen v\u00f4 c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngu\u00f4i nh\u1edb th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a bao huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft
<\/i><\/i>xuy\u00ean qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. <\/p>\n
<\/i><\/i>\u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1eb7ng ng\u00e2y h\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 kh\u1edd, k\u1ebb b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i
ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m.<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Trong l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c tr\u00e1i tim c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Th\u00f4i, ch\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean
Nh\u1eefng \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169 v\u00f9i qu\u00ean cu\u1ed1i tr\u1eddi<\/i>.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
C\u00f2n b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ta<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
c\u1ecf c\u00e2y r\u00f9 qu\u1ebfn
tr\u1eddi xanh cao v\u00fat gi\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdc
<\/i><\/i><\/i>\u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ec1n th\u1edf h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eafng th\u00eanh thang<\/i><\/p>\n
ph\u00f2ng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i kinh s\u00e1ch
th\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u01a1 t\u00ecnh
<\/i><\/i><\/i>c\u00f9ng con tr\u0103ng bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch<\/i><\/p>\n
C\u1eeda m\u1edf c\u1ea7u thang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n
B\u1ea1n t\u1edbi l\u00fac n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u1eefa
M\u01b0a th\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 \u0111en.<\/i>
<\/i>
(Mai Th\u1ea3o)<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1 thai
C\u00f3 th\u1eddi l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp vi\u00ean bia \u00f4m<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Berlin, chi\u1ec1u, sau m\u01b0a
m\u1ed9t khung tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec1u vui bu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c.<\/i><\/p>\n
cho t\u1ef1 do nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi
th\u00f4i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, th\u00f4i l\u1ecdc l\u1eeba, x\u1ea3o tr\u00e1
th\u00f4i c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n, t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, b\u1eaft b\u1edb
th\u00f4i x\u00edch xi\u1ec1ng, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft anh minh?<\/i><\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t v\u1ea7ng tr\u0103ng khuy\u1ebft l\u1ea9n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111o\u00e0i<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Thui th\u1ee7i
M\u1ea7n c\u1ee7i
<\/i><\/i><\/i>Cu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea5t
Qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t
<\/i><\/i>Tr\u1eddi xanh<\/i><\/p>\n
N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 n\u1ed1t
<\/i><\/i>V\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 m\u00e0u.<\/i><\/p>\n
D\u00f2ng trong nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
b\u00e9 sinh ra
<\/i><\/i>gi\u1eefa mu\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.
gi\u1eefa khuya n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00eam ba m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang
<\/i><\/i>hai tr\u0103m t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n l\u1eb7ng im
nghe s\u00f3ng \u0111\u00eam c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n.
<\/i><\/i>t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7
y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng cho thuy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Chi\u1ec1u t\u00e0 kh\u00f4n g\u1ee1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1edd sai
Tr\u1eafng tay nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n con \u0111\u00f3
Hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eddi cha m\u1eb9 ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y
T\u0103m t\u1ed1i cam ph\u1ea7n cha \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu
C\u00e1nh h\u1ed3ng con h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd xa bay<\/i><\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Thi\u1ebfu qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng: ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf v\u00f5 c\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh<\/i> <\/i><\/i><\/p>\n\n
the land of many legends and myths
piercing through history like a raging arrow.<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
standing still like a fool, the perfect outcast
looking for a perfect return in the dust-riddled city.<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
whirling in a frenzied circle just like anywhere else on earth,
but so astoundingly I remain untouched \u2014 for reasons
<\/i><\/i><\/i>I cannot fathom \u2014 as if my existence were trapped
in a boundless dimension.<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
not even a slight trace of memory
<\/i><\/i>re-appearing from that long forgotten past.<\/i><\/p>\n
this is the landscape of forgetting
<\/i><\/i>just in time someone kindly reminds me the truth,
like a daydream idling.<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n