"\u0110\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c\/ basin scale. Theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn Mekong nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n c\u1edd\/ game board, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1eadp, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00f4i sinh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y th\u00ec v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong."<\/i> Bran Ritcher, Nature Conservancy<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Hu\u1ef7 Ho\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1eadp D\u00f2ng Ch\u00ednh Mekong<\/b><\/p>\n
V\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 4,800 km, Mekong l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 ba Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 11 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u00f4ng Mekong ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai sau con s\u00f4ng Amazon.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong kho\u1ea3ng 60,000 MW: L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c Tr\u00ean 28,930 MW l\u00e0 n\u1eeda kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c; v\u00e0 L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u1edbi 30,000 MW l\u00e0 kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng Mekong h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u ch\u1ea3y qua 5 qu\u1ed1c gia Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, L\u00e0o, Th\u00e1i Lan, Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Chu\u1ed7i 12 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u1eb1m trong hai n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Cam B\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
<\/i><\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang x\u00e2y con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee9 8: \u0111\u1eadp Mi\u00eau V\u0129\/ Miaowei s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2016, [2] v\u00e0 TQ c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y th\u00eam nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh con s\u00f4ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng\/ Lancang Jiang t\u00ean TQ c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m danh, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian s\u00e1u con \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m V\u00e2n Nam\/ Mekong Cascades \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111ang nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nam r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c:<\/p>\n
H\u00ecnh Ia: \u0110\u1eadp Nuozhadu 5,850 MW l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t 1\/ No\u1ea1 Tr\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9 (Nuozhadu) 5,850 MW l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng 2006 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 2014 [H\u00ecnh Ia]<\/p>\n 2\/ Ti\u1ec3u Loan (Xiaowan) 4,200 MW l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng 2001 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 2010<\/p>\n 3\/ C\u00f4ng Qu\u1ea3 Ki\u1ec1u (Gongguoqiao) 900 MW l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng 2008 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 2011<\/p>\n 4\/ C\u1ea3nh H\u1ed3ng (Jinghong) 1,500 MW l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 ba, kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng 2003 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 2009<\/p>\n 5\/ \u0110\u1ea1i Chi\u1ebfu S\u01a1n (Dachaosan) 1,350 MW con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai, kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng 1996, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 2003<\/p>\n 6\/ M\u1ea1n Loan (Manwan) 1,500 MW con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong, kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng 1984 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 1993 [H\u00ecnh Ib]<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh Ib: \u0110\u1eadp Manwan 1,500 MW con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh Sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t hai con \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t: con kh\u1ee7ng long N\u1ecda Tr\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 con \u0110\u1eadp M\u1eb9 Ti\u1ec3u Loan, v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 B\u1eafc Kinh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 theo Fred Pearce, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Yale th\u00ec con s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc\/water tower<\/i> v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n\/ electrical powerhouse<\/i> c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. [6]<\/p>\n Philip Hirsch, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u S\u00f4ng Mekong thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sydney nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cHai con \u0111\u1eadp kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 N\u1ecda Tr\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Loan s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi t\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\u201d<\/p>\n V\u1edbi s\u00e1u con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00ean kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng Mekong th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 15,150 MW \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1edbi 8 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1edbm trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21.<\/p>\n T\u1edbi M\u1ed1i Hi\u1ec3m Nguy M\u1ea1ng L\u01b0\u1edbi \u0110\u1eadp Ph\u1ee5 L\u01b0u<\/b><\/p>\n Nam Ngum 150 MW c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm 1971 gi\u1eefa gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nam Ngum l\u00e0 <\/b>ni\u1ec1m h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n L\u00e0o. \u1ede m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0i ho\u00e0, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp Nam Ngum \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n minh t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n L\u00e0o. [H\u00ecnh IIa] V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o, gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u1edf L\u00e0o nu\u00f4i tham v\u1ecdng khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n con s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh "x\u1ee9 Kuwait thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1." <\/i><\/p>\n H\u00ecnh IIa: Nam Ngum, con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o, <\/i><\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chu\u1ed7i 12 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, L\u00e0o, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Mekong. Th\u00e1i Lan v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eadp Pak Mun 136 MW (1994) tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mun, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi con \u0111\u1eadp Yali 720 MW (1996) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Sesan v\u00e0 Seprok tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean Trung ph\u1ea7n, L\u00e0o th\u00ec t\u1eeb sau con \u0111\u1eadp Nam Ngum (1971), \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y th\u00eam th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: Nam Theun-Hinboun 210 MW trung L\u00e0o, Nam Leuk 60 MW trong v\u00f9ng B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ec9nh V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Nam Theun 2 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t 900 MW trung L\u00e0o, Houay Ho 150 MW gi\u1eefa hai t\u1ec9nh Champassak v\u00e0 Attapeu nam L\u00e0o, Xe Pian-Xe Namnoy 438 MW tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean Bolovens \u0111\u00f4ng nam L\u00e0o, Xe Kaman1 468 MW t\u1ec9nh Attapeu c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng nam L\u00e0o.<\/p>\n <\/b>Theo <\/b>Aviva Imhof, nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi S\u00f4ng Ng\u00f2i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\/ IRN, trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1: "Power Struggle: The Impacts of Hydro-Development in Laos"<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i m\u00f4i sinh "b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp" t\u1eeb c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u \u1edf L\u00e0o. [8]<\/p>\n C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh Mekong, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n Nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u H\u1ea1 Sesan 2\/ Lower Sesan 2\/ LSS2<\/i> n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a hai con s\u00f4ng Sesan v\u00e0 Srepok. 3 S l\u00e0 t\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 3 con s\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u l\u1edbn s\u00f4ng Mekong: Sekong, Sesan, Seprok c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong n\u01a1i t\u1ec9nh Stung Treng, \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Cam B\u1ed1t. [H\u00ecnh IIIa]<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh IIIa: M\u1ea1ng L\u01b0\u1edbi 3S, ba s\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u: Sekong, Sesan, Srepok <\/i><\/p>\n \u0110\u1eadp H\u1ea1 Sesan 2 v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao 75 m, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a 340 km2 (g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng n\u1eeda di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c Singapore), c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t 400 MW, d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n Theo c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia m\u00f4i sinh, con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i sinh r\u1ea5t tai h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o "v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m"<\/i> c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng. Guy Ziv, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u 2012 PNAS\/ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/i>, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i sinh\/ ecological cost<\/i> ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp H\u1ea1 Sesan 2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t: n\u00f3 \u0111e do\u1ea1 s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 50 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m 9.3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c [kho\u1ea3ng 200,000 t\u1ea5n c\u00e1\/n\u0103m]. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Cam B\u1ed1t m\u00e0 l\u00ean xa t\u1edbi L\u00e0o, Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi \u0110BSCL, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 v\u1ef1a l\u00faa c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. [7]<\/p>\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn coi nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t m\u00f4i sinh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: h\u1ecd l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch chia ch\u00e1c cho h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 di lu\u1ef5 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba khai th\u00e1c x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: n\u1ebfu th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1. [7]<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec7n L\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam\/ EVN\/ Electricity of Vietnam<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p 10% c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ed1 816 tri\u1ec7u MK, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f3m Ho\u00e0ng Gia Cam B\u1ed1t\/ Cambodia’s Royal Group<\/i> v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c\/ Hydrolangcang International Energy Co., Ltd.<\/i> L\u1ea1i v\u1eabn Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 V\u00e2n Nam, nay c\u00e1nh tay TQ n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng xa t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n Do h\u1eadu q\u1ee7a t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1eadp H\u1ea1 Sesan 2 tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c, M\u1ea1ng L\u01b0\u1edbi S\u00f4ng Ng\u00f2i Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf\/ IRN \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Cam B\u1ed1t hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 2014, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m \u00dac, Nh\u1eadt, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n Lan c\u00f9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Cam B\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n H\u1ea1 Sesan 2 t\u1edbi U\u1ef7 H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong\/ MRC cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tham kh\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/ prior consultation process<\/i> nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh IIIb: EVN chung s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n H\u1ea1 Sesan 2 <\/i><\/p>\n C\u01b0 d\u00e2n Cam B\u1ed1t s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 3 D\u00f2ng S\u00f4ng\/ 3SPN\/ Rivers Protection Network<\/i>, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 l\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Cam B\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i con \u0111\u1eadp, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng k\u00e9o nhau l\u00ean t\u1edbi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Nam Vang bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n Ri\u00eang Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m NGO c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1eadp H\u1ea1 Sesan 2 tr\u00ean \u0110BSCL: bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 sa v\u00e0 c\u00e1… kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n cho Cam B\u1ed1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tai h\u1ea1i \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7m s\u00fang t\u1ef1 b\u1eafn v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n m\u00ecnh\/ shoot oneself in the foot<\/i>. [H\u00ecnh IIIb]<\/p>\n Tr\u00ean B\u00e0n C\u1edd S\u00f4ng Mekong<\/b><\/p>\n <\/b>Bran Ritcher, chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n 25 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean\/ Nature Conservancy<\/i>, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch h\u1ed9i N\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng\/ Sustainable Waters<\/i> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Virginia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: "\u0110\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c\/ basin scale."<\/i> Bran Ritcher ti\u1ebfp: "Theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn Mekong nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n c\u1edd\/ game board, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1eadp, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec m\u1edbi duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00f4i sinh\/ ecological functionning c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y th\u00ec v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong."<\/i> [2]<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh IIIc: c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n H\u1ea1 Sesan 2 M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1eeb Nh\u1eefng Con \u0110\u1eadp Mekong<\/b><\/p>\n V\u1edbi 26 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh: 14 con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam TQ v\u00e0 12 con \u0111\u1eadp h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u L\u00e0o Cam b\u1ed1t, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 trong to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ngh\u1ecbch\/ irreversible<\/i> v\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 n\u00ean t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long n\u01a1i cu\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n S\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, b\u1ecb ph\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ch do nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a\/ reservoirs v\u00e0 ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ch do nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n 1\/ C\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a s\u1ebd gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 sa \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n. Gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, g\u00e2y s\u1ea1t l\u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1edd s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u0169i C\u00e0 Mau th\u00ec \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u1eaft l\u1eb9m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eebng m\u1ea3ng theo nhau tr\u00f4i d\u1ea7n ra bi\u1ec3n. V\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y gi\u1ea3m v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\/ climate change<\/i> v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n\/ salt intrusion<\/i> ti\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t xa v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 \u0110BSCL. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc V\u00f5 T\u00f2ng Xu\u00e2n, ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa ch\u00e1y thu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadn Gia Rai v\u00ec b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n 2\/ R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Mekong\/ Lower Mekong Basin<\/i> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt ven s\u00f4ng \u1edf L\u00e0o, t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 Tonle Sap Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0110BSCL Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do m\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho canh t\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn. T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u s\u00f4ng Mekong l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 sa \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0110BSCL Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i n\u00f4i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa g\u1ea1o l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 sau Th\u00e1i Lan nh\u01b0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc sang hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n 3\/ C\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng l\u0169\/ flooded forest<\/i> v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh th\u00e1i\/ biodiversity zones<\/i> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t Ng\u1eadp v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi Quy \u01b0\u1edbc Ramsar. [Ramsar Convention (1971), nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp\/ wetlands v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. C\u1ea3 3 n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o, Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi Quy \u01b0\u1edbc Ramsar nh\u01b0: v\u00f9ng Th\u00e1c Khone, Stung Treng, v\u00f9ng Sinh Th\u00e1i Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3, Tr\u00e0m Chim Tam N\u00f4ng, M\u0169i C\u00e0 Mau…]<\/i> Nay th\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm c\u00e1c V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t Ng\u1eadp v\u00e0 g\u00e2y hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n 4\/ D\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng do chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 thu\u1ef7 sinh trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \/ flagships species<\/i> nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 Dolphin, c\u00e1 Pla Beuk \u0111ang tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n 5\/ Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c "nh\u1ecbp l\u0169\/ flood pulse"<\/i> theo m\u00f9a, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ec1u t\u1ed1 sinh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 Tonle Sap nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00e0 \u0110BSCL. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t (c\u00f3 khi t\u1edbi 4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 9 t\u1ec9 MK) chi\u1ebfm 80% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m\/ protein thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n U\u1ef7 H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong\/ MRC Kh\u00f4ng Quy\u1ec1n L\u1ef1c<\/b><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i sinh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng con \u0111\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i sinh l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng, n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1, ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 sa c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh MRC \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n H\u1ea1 L\u01b0u. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf MRC \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o g\u00ec cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ven s\u00f4ng m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3m nguy c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Save the Mekong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c NGOs, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia m\u00f4i sinh kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c MRC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Mekong trong 20 n\u0103m qua ch\u01b0a ng\u0103n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i sinh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y. \u201cMRC c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0,<\/i>\u201d Surichai Wankaew, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chulalongkorn, Th\u00e1i Lan n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp \u201cNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 MRC, thay v\u00ec \u2018t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn\/ facilitation\u2019 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp, th\u00ec nay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u2018di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \/ platform\u2019 cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/i>\u201d. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a MRC c\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u0169u \u00edch g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng S\u00f4ng Mekong?<\/p>\n Vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a U\u1ef7 H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong\/ MRC \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh Mekong 1995 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau khi L\u00e0o v\u1eabn cho kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng con \u0111\u1eadp Xayaburi b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o. [H\u00ecnh IIb]<\/p>\n \n <\/i><\/p>\n H\u00ecnh IIb: c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp Xayaburi 1,200 MW Xayaburi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con c\u1edd Domino \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp Don Sahong, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\/ non-sustainable development<\/i>, v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i sinh c\u1ee7a 65 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 Ti\u1ebfng N\u00f3i C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/b><\/p>\n Trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m 2015 National Geographic c\u1ee7a k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 Michelle Nijhuis: Harnessing the Mekong or Killing It?<\/i> c\u00f3 hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n — V\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i Lan: <\/b><\/p>\n Khi t\u1edbi th\u0103m v\u00f9ng b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i, k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 Michelle Nijhuis k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: "V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang 2013, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Huay Luek b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea5n m\u1ec1n ng\u1ed3i v\u00e2y quanh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u1eeda. H\u1ecd v\u1eeba ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 120 km d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd con s\u00f4ng Mekong nh\u1eb1m g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0 s\u00e3i v\u1edbi lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 T\u00e2y ba-l\u00f4, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua g\u1ea7n hai tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u00e2n ch\u00f9a. "Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c," Somkiat Khuenchiangsa, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean trung h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bu\u1ed5i tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. "Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 \u0111i, \u0111\u00e3 tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1eefa."<\/i><\/p>\n C\u0169ng \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n m\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 im l\u1eafng khi nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Kraisak Choonhavan l\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng\/ popular protest. Choonhavan nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c khu gh\u1ec1nh th\u00e1c tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong, do c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i, TQ \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00f4ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. S\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u00f4m nay. "Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 tan t\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3." Choonhavan n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: "V\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh."<\/i><\/p>\n Th\u00e1i Lan r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh Th\u00e1i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tho\u1ea3 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 Th\u00e1i. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay \u00edt ra c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\/ redesign d\u1ef1 \u00e1n."<\/i> [2]<\/p>\n — V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long<\/b>:<\/p>\n Xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi \u0110BSCL c\u0169ng v\u1eabn k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 Michelle Nijhuis ghi nh\u1eadn: "G\u1ea7n khu trung t\u00e2m T\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4 C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Thi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 tay v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y qua, \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb. \u00d4ng ta n\u00f3i: "C\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau trong b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp? \u00d4ng ta ti\u1ebfp: "R\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t \u00edt trong b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra."<\/i><\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, Thi\u1ec7n sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong v\u00f9ng \u0110BSCL t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970s, t\u1eebng b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng s\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p b\u1eaft c\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng tay…Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u01b0ng Thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Wisconsin…<\/i><\/p>\n S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt trong v\u00f9ng \u0110BSCL v\u00e0 qua h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi con s\u00f4ng Mekong. N\u0103m 2009, Thi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp\/ wedlands v\u00e0 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c MRC tham v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh \u1edf L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Cam B\u1ed1t. Thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y s\u1ebd hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 \u0110BSCL… <\/i><\/p>\n Thi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng anh ta kh\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e0n anh. \u0110\u00f4i khi Thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean th\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nghe v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00fan vai n\u00f3i: "C\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e2u." Hi\u1ec7n nay, Thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. "Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd xem." Thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: ‘Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd xem t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd ra sao.’<\/i> [2]<\/i><\/p>\n T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 gi\u00e1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1n 20 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0110BSCL. <\/i><\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t Tho\u00e1ng 20 N\u0103m H\u1ed9i Sinh Th\u00e1i Vi\u1ec7t <\/b><\/p>\n <\/b>N\u0103m 1957, gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t \u1ee6y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong (MRC\/ Mekong River Committee) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp bao g\u1ed3m 4 n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o, Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam; v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng H\u1ea1 L\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Mekong\/ Lower Mekong Basin<\/i> nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam lan ra c\u1ea3 ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ecdi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng tr\u1ec7.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 1995, v\u1eabn b\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Chiang Rai, b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i c\u00f9ng k\u00fd k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t "Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c S\u00f4ng Mekong" v\u00e0 mang m\u1ed9t t\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong (MRC\/ Mekong River Commission), v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft cho d\u00f9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong. Ngo\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam, do thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00fat k\u00fd cho Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n "Kh\u00f4ng B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng\/ non-sustainable<\/i>" n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng di l\u1ee5y kh\u00f4ng \u00edt cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia cu\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n Ngay sau khi c\u00f3 tin TQ \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t con \u0111\u1eadp M\u1ea1n Loan 1,500 MW, r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm t\u1eeb 1995 Nh\u00f3m B\u1ea1n C\u1eedu Long<\/i> l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u1edf Little Saigon, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n V\u00e2n Nam TQ \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0110BSCL, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ef1a l\u00faa c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt (03-11-1996): Khai th\u00e1c s\u00f4ng Mekong: nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u00ean KS Ph\u1ea1m Phan Long nh\u01b0ng do 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia t\u1eeb h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i: TS Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n H\u1ea3i (USA), KS Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Chung (Canada), TS B\u00ecnh An S\u01a1n (Australia). N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u1ea5y cho t\u1edbi nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1. [H\u00ecnh IV]<\/p>\n N\u0103m 1999, m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Mekong m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng do Mekong Forum v\u00e0 Vietnamese American Science & Technology Society \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Nam California v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: "H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 s\u00f4ng Mekong tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy c\u01a1, \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean D\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, \u0110BSCL v\u00e0 C\u01b0 d\u00e2n"<\/i> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a li\u00ean h\u1ed9i Ti\u1ec1n Giang v\u00e0 H\u1eadu Giang, TS Sin Meng Srun H\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cam B\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 Iviva Imhof thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi S\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\/ International Rivers Network. K\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean C\u00e1o "The 1999 Mekong River Declaration" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1edbi MRC v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 2002, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e2n khoa Mekong t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ban tham v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a MRC. \u0110\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 con s\u00f4ng Mekong, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 7 qu\u1ed1c gia trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n Khai Th\u00e1c Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 H\u1ee7y Ho\u1ea1i M\u00f4i Sinh trong to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean B\u00e1o Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb n\u0103m 2009.<\/p>\n H\u1ed9i Sinh Th\u00e1i Vi\u1ec7t \/ Viet Ecology Foundation nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t NGO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trang nh\u00e0 www.vietecology.org<\/i> v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi h\u01a1n 100 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean VEF ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean livingriversiam.org, china-mekong group, Meltdown in Tibet…<\/i> Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n VEF c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn thay th\u1ebf Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh Mekong 1995 b\u1eb1ng Lancang Mekong River Initiative, Lancang Mekong International River Treaty, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\/ climate change, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Mekong Sea Dyke \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n Tr\u1ea3i qua hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong, nh\u01b0ng xem ra ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i t\u1eeb h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u1ea5y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u01b0ng b\u00edt m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ecf ch\u00fat d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ch\u1eadm b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u01a1n c\u00e1nh tay xa xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Cam B\u1ed1t mau ch\u00f3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i sinh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n \u0111ang t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 C\u1ef1c Th\u1ee9 Ba \/ Third Pole<\/i> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n [H\u00ednh IV]: Khai th\u00e1c s\u00f4ng Mekong: nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u00e3 ng\u00f3t 7 th\u1eadp ni\u00ean (1957 – 2015) t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp U\u1ef7 Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong, theo v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c khai th\u00e1c h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia cu\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 "ch\u1edd xem". <\/b><\/p>\n Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 21, Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 T\u1ef5 N\u1ea1n M\u00f4i Sinh:<\/b><\/p>\n Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 20, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi hai cu\u1ed9c t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn. 1954: h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb B\u1eafc di c\u01b0 v\u00e0o Nam tr\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. 1975 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/b><\/p>\n <\/b>Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 21, d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n m\u00f4i sinh\/ ecological refugees<\/i>.<\/p>\n "Theo ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950s, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 22 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i di t\u1ea3n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng khu x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990s, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n du m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng – chi\u1ebfm 1\/6 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 – \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng khu th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean \/ grasslands v\u00ec khai th\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a TQ." [3]<\/p>\n Trong L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong, \u0111\u1ec3 khai quang cho nh\u1eefng khu x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ecf l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng "d\u00e2n t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n m\u00f4i sinh\/ ecological refugees."<\/i><\/p>\n H\u01a1n 20 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0110BSCL \u0111ang tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1: m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 sa, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau \u0111ang ch\u00ecm d\u1ea7n trong bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n. H\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh ti\u00ean phong khai ph\u00e1 trong cu\u1ed9c Nam Ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m, th\u00ec nay \u0111ang b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 \u0111i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n V\u0103n Minh Mi\u1ec7t V\u01b0\u1eddn<\/i> v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa, r\u1ed3i ra tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c qu\u1ed1c gia, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n m\u00f4i sinh\/ ecological refugees <\/i>v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 n\u00e0y. <\/i>Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u? <\/i><\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n <\/i>C\u00f3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, khi m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t H\u1ee9a T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tru\u1ed3i kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n nh\u1eefng v\u0169ng b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ecf bauxite. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi quy ch\u1ebf t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\/ political refugees nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n m\u00f4i sinh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. <\/i><\/p>\n NG\u00d4 TH\u1ebe VINH<\/p>\n California 06\/06\/2015<\/p>\n Tham Kh\u1ea3o:<\/i><\/p>\n 1\/ Meltdown in Tibet. Michael Buckley. Palgrave Macmillan_ St. Martin’s Press LLC. New York 2014<\/i><\/p>\n 2\/ Harnessing the Mekong or Killing It? Michelle Nijhuis, Photographs by Guttenfelder. National Geographic, May 2015 <\/i><\/p>\n 3\/ The Price of Damming Tibet’s Rivers. Michael Buckley. The Opinion Pages, New York Times March 30, 2015<\/i><\/p>\n 4\/ Global Ecology and the "Made in China’s Dams. Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh. Viet Ecology Foundation, July 2010. http:\/\/vietecology.org\/Article.aspx\/Article\/62#<\/i><\/p>\n 5\/ Mekong, The Occluding River. The Tale of a River. Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh. iUniverse, Inc. New York 2010<\/i><\/p>\n 6\/ Damming the Mekong: Major blow to an Epic River, Yale Environment 360, 22 June 2009<\/i><\/p>\n 7\/ Plans For Dams On Mekong River Could Spell Disater For Fisheries. John Sullivan<\/i><\/p>\n http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/engineering\/water\/story-04\/<\/i><\/p>\n 8\/ Power Struggle: The Impacts of Hydro-Development in Laos. Aviva Imhof, International Rivers Network, February 1999. <\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" H\u01a1n 20 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0110BSCL \u0111ang tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1: m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 sa, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau \u0111ang ch\u00ecm d\u1ea7n trong bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1233,"featured_media":37041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,9,25],"tags":[316,313,314],"class_list":["post-37058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-nghien-cuu","category-nhan-dinh","tag-cuu-long","tag-mekong","tag-ngo-the-vinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37058","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1233"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37058"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37058\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71507,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37058\/revisions\/71507"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"clip_image002\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/clip_image00210.jpg\" "\\"clip_image002\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/i>ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 2014 [ngu\u1ed3n: International River]<\/i><\/p>\n<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n
<\/i>Mekong \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 1993 [ngu\u1ed3n: Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh]<\/i><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/i>bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef gi\u0103ng ngang con \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u 25 n\u0103m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o
<\/i>[ngu\u1ed3n: photo by Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh 2000] <\/i><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/i>c\u00f9ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong [ngu\u1ed3n: Decarboni] <\/i><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/i>nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7m s\u00fang b\u1eafn v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n m\u00ecnh [ngu\u1ed3n: Decarboni] <\/i><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/i>Stung Treng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Cam B\u1ed1t [ngu\u1ed3n: Phnom Penh Post, 12\/2014] <\/i><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/i>con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o [ngu\u1ed3n: Tom Fawthrop]<\/i><\/p>\n<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n
<\/i>b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt 03-11-1996<\/i><\/p>\n