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<\/a><\/p>\nPhilip Guston, As It Goes (Theo Nh\u01b0 K\u1ec3) <\/em>(1978)<\/font><\/p>\n – \u00d4ng c\u00f3 con kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/p>\n – C\u00f3.<\/i><\/p>\n – \u00d4ng c\u00f3 con trai kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/p>\n – Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t con g\u00e1i.<\/i><\/p>\n – Ch\u00fa b\u00e9 bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i?<\/i><\/p>\n – C\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i ch\u00e1u. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u00edt.<\/i><\/p>\n – M\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0103n th\u1ecbt ch\u00fang?<\/i><\/p>\n – Kh\u00f4ng.<\/i><\/p>\n – \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/i><\/p>\n – Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/i><\/p>\n – V\u1eady ch\u00e1u \u0111i theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9?<\/i><\/p>\n – \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00e1u \u0111i theo ta.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n (Cormac McCarthy, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i>) (*)<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00e3 t\u1eeb v\u0169 kh\u00ed<\/i> nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0129nh bi\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 hai l\u00fd do: cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham d\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb ma \u00e1m. Th\u1ee9 hai, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, vinh quang v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3, qu\u00e1 cay \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0 h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng, qu\u00e1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc. V\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cam l\u00f2ng ch\u1ebft \u0111i.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta, t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam, t\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ra h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u qua B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean <\/i>kh\u00e1c nhau. Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t khi s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gay g\u1eaft, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn h\u01a1n, th\u00ec d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i<\/i>. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1eabn s\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u0111i l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, soi chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c khu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i, gi\u00fap suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n, m\u1edf nh\u1eefng thu x\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110i d\u1ecdc con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169, t\u1ea5t h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p:<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i!… \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy, \u0111ang \u0111u\u1ed5i theo r\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u201ck\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.\u201d <\/p>\n V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh mi\u1ec1n Nam:<\/p>\n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho em m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Cao Ti\u00eau, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 binh, t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, c\u00f9ng qu\u00ea v\u1edbi \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y g\u1ea5p g\u00e1p, b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n thong th\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o chi ti\u1ebft, d\u00e0i h\u01a1i, h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p, ch\u1ea1y th\u00e1o c\u1ea3 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i m\u00e0 v\u1eabn tri\u1ebft l\u00fd t\u1edbi n\u01a1i t\u1edbi ch\u1ed1n, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, th\u01a1 v\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u dung t\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ba \u0111i\u1ec3m: <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, khi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 hai, k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1eb7c non cho\u1eb9t ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1eadm ng\u00f9i.<\/p>\n V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a bi k\u1ecbch. V\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u00fat ph\u00e1p cao c\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3i c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i kia. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0n th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong th\u01a1 cho\u00e1n h\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u00ed t\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd gi\u1ed1ng nhau hai th\u1ee9: t\u00ednh x\u00fac c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/b>.<\/p>\n ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 bao l\u1ea7n anh kh\u00f3c (Lu\u00e2n Ho\u00e1n)<\/p>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa hay \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f9i th\u1eddi gian an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 c\u0169, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u00eau th\u00e9t c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb b\u1ecb l\u0103ng nh\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c b\u1ecb b\u00f3c tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n \u201cKhi chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u1ea3y ra, k\u1ebb b\u1ecb b\u1eafn h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt,\u201d Hiram Johnson b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3. Th\u01a1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01a1 chi\u1ebfn tranh sau n\u0103m 1975 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u1ea5y, t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00eda, tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian: t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n T\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n<\/i> chi\u1ebfn tranh:<\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0 sang canh m\u00f9i x\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 (Thanh Th\u1ea3o, Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca, 1977)<\/p>\n T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh<\/b>. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n d\u1edf v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00e0 k\u1ebb tr\u1ed1n l\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc rung \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00fd do c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0: v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00e2y ni\u1ec1m h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n Su\u1ed1t hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00f4n m\u1eeda, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, s\u1ef1 khinh b\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u1eeda d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y, n\u1ec1n th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh khi ra \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong su\u1ed1t hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m: ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1ea5y m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i, ca ng\u1ee3i n\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u1ea5y m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, ti\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1edd h\u1eefng ra \u0111i.<\/p>\n Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i<\/i> chi\u1ebfn tranh:<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ra sao nh\u1ec9 nh\u1edd mi An L\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 thi\u1ebfu anh h\u00f9ng Nam \u01a1i n\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f5i binh l\u1eeda (\u0110\u1ed7 Qu\u00fd To\u00e0n, \u201cNg\u00e0y m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i D\u1ea5u binh l\u1eeda<\/em>\u201d)<\/p>\n B\u00fat ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Ai l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian. Tuy v\u1eady, th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh ki\u1ec3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ed9i dung: ta t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ecbch x\u1ea5u; ta m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu; ta \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 phe ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ta \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ph\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 l\u00fac phe \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f3 k\u1ebb t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, c\u00f3 l\u00fac phe ta c\u00f3 k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y xa h\u01a1n: khi trong phe ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hay nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00ean \u00e1n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 k\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111i h\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cx\u1ea5u xa\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u201cBa ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u00f4 Ho\u00e0i, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t anh \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1eafn ta h\u1ed3i ch\u00e1nh<\/i>. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i melodrama<\/i>, k\u1ecbch s\u1ebfn. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/p>\n Th\u1ebf D\u0169ng:<\/em><\/p>\n K\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ch\u01b0a r\u00f5<\/em> C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/b> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ebb t\u1ebb h\u01a1n tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y. Phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: l\u00f2ng y\u00eau h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh; \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a; th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam hay \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3; c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi b\u00ean n\u00e0y b\u00ean kia. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn y\u00eau h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ch\u00e2u Phi th\u1eddi \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u01b0 Pablo Neruda, Yannis Ritsos. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y trong th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 kh\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh. Bruce Weigl trong b\u00e0i \u201cC\u00e1ch \u0103n t\u1ebft\u201d vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968:<\/p>\n Tomorrow blood would run in every province Ng\u00e0y mai m\u00e1u s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ng\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh, ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ecf ra v\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1.<\/p>\n Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft nhau \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 L\u01b0u Quang V\u0169, t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, y\u00eau h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t. Anh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Hoa K\u1ef3 William Stafford, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m (2) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. <\/p>\n Th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh trong th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, n\u00f3 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Tuy v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hy sinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh, n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadt. Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. Th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c quay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. Hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u th\u00eam \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5y di ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng tan v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m thanh b\u00ecnh. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t anh h\u00f9ng ca, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. <\/p>\n Nghi\u00eam trang, k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t:<\/p>\n C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i hai ch\u00e2n nghi\u00eam c\u00fai m\u1eb7t (Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Th\u01b0)<\/p>\n Trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t, s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, t\u00ednh qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edch cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Khi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u00ednh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta tin bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0o k\u00fd \u1ee9c? H\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c? Suy lu\u1eadn? Khi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n Mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>. Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vinh quang n\u00e0o d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn hay thua tr\u1eadn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. H\u00e0 Th\u00fac Sinh, r\u1ea5t th\u1eadt, r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n Giao th\u1eeba sao m\u00e0 v\u1ed9i <\/i><\/p>\n Ta c\u0169ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7m s\u00fang b\u0103ng r\u1eebng l\u1ed9i su\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecdn l\u00ednh ki\u1ec3ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hay b\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1 h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi hai tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn, tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00eda sau g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tan r\u00e3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng minh Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1ecb lung lay t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00ec c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi, tham nh\u0169ng. Trong ni\u1ec1m cay \u0111\u1eafng, Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Th\u01b0 v\u1eabn t\u1ecf ra h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc: <\/p>\n Khi ra tr\u1eadn ta l\u00e0 th\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u01a1 ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh<\/b> l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam. Sau th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 n\u0103m 1975, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ea5t t\u00edch, \u0111i t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a v\u1ebft ch\u00e9m tr\u00ean c\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i r\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y tr\u00ean b\u1eadc \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng. <\/p>\n Ng\u00e0y mai, ng\u00e0y mai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng (Ph\u1ea1m Ti\u1ebfn Du\u1eadt)<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m khao kh\u00e1t h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 xung tr\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00fac \u1ea5y, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hy sinh v\u00ec mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>. (3) <\/p>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i dung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh dung v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, trong khi th\u1eadt ra, ngay \u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u cao nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. V\u1eady th\u00ec, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt trong hai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o Ninh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Phan Nh\u1eadt Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00fat k\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng, s\u1ed1ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng. Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e0ng t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc than phi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 lu m\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1t nho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hay h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00fat ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a v\u0103n xu\u00f4i; trong khi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01a1, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta than phi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00fat ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u00edt ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong th\u01a1 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n Mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi hai ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i th\u01a1 ca n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n nay vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c<\/b>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn tranh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eeba qua kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1eadt, chim mu\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf, l\u0169y tre, con \u0111\u00ea, l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 b\u01b0\u1edbm bay r\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0ng. B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u1eafng ng\u1eaft.<\/p>\n Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong n\u00fai (Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ed9ng T\u00fa)<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, s\u1ef1 t\u00edch anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u0103n h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn: ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean c\u1edb \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. <\/p>\n V\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0, chi\u1ebfn tranh ng\u00e0y nay mang nhi\u1ec1u khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o. C\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng r\u1ea5t xa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00fang. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca M\u1eb9 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, vi\u1ebft \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, Du T\u1eed L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u01b0, nh\u01b0 th\u01a1 \u00f4ng v\u1ed1n th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p, trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn 1945-1954.<\/p>\n Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ven s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/b>, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1. Chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n Nam B\u1eafc m\u00e0 di ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b> thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i trong chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 v\u1ee3 ng\u00f3ng ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f5 (Di\u00ean Ngh\u1ecb) (5)<\/p>\n N\u1ed7i khao kh\u00e1t h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng trong c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/i> cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/i>. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mong c\u1ea7u h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd mong c\u1ea7u h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u\u1ed5i xong qu\u00e2n th\u00f9. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tranh trong th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n Trung \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng th\u1eb1ng trai t\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfn. (Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Th\u01b0)<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 l\u1edbn. <\/i>Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 s\u00e1o r\u1ed7ng, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t nh\u01b0 phim Hollywood v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ki\u1ec3u Rambo, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh<\/i>. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u00e1u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/i><\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0m h\u1ecd x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, suy ngh\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0m h\u1ecd th\u1ee9c d\u1eady l\u00fac n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam, tung ch\u0103n ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean, gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn. H\u00e3y c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m s\u00fang vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, h\u00e3y c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, h\u00e3y c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 sinh sau n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong th\u01a1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, s\u1ee9c \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3, kh\u00f4n kham. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta, d\u00f9 \u1edf b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay \u1edf b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. <\/p>\n ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn Lu\u00e2n Ho\u00e1n h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o: chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u? Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi th\u1ea3m v\u00e0 h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng. Bi th\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, bi th\u1ea3m l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. <\/i><\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c xung l\u1ef1c h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00f4 minh. <\/p>\n \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian. Th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch quan, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf. \u00dd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phe trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, l\u00ean sinh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u00ean th\u1eddi gian. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eeba qua, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. <\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch. Ch\u00fang ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n. B\u1ea1n l\u1edbn l\u00ean, tham gia v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, hay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, b\u1ea1n h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n R\u1eebng s\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y Trong khu v\u01b0\u1eddn m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n (Th\u00e1i T\u00fa H\u1ea1p)<\/p>\n C\u00e1i t\u00f4i trong th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i sau chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111au x\u00f3t nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u giao ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i m\u1edbi \u0111ang ch\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn, cho d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadt ra, s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c trong ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 Nam B\u1eafc ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u1edfi m\u1edf.Trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eeba qua, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh phi ngh\u0129a, chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec th\u01a1 ca kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m g\u00f3t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? B\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng rung c\u1ea3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, s\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u01a1 ca<\/b>. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1. Trong khi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n duy l\u00fd, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngo\u1ea1i vi, th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: s\u1ef1 gi\u1ec5u c\u1ee3t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, l\u00e0m x\u00f4 l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb3n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca. <\/p>\n M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/b> hay h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/b>. S\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp, t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean hai b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc khi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef, ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i (6). Th\u01a1 Th\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u00e1n, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u00e1m kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 th\u1edf:<\/p>\n \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ee1 ng\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng con se s\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd quay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e1i nh\u00e0 anh, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 sau 1975 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/b>. Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean: <\/p>\n M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. Ho\u00e0ng V\u0169 Thu\u1eadt \u0111i xa h\u01a1n, ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, khi anh t\u1eeb L\u1ec7 Th\u1ee7y \u0111i t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ru\u1ed9t hy sinh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/strong>: <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Qua tr\u1ea3ng bom l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3ng bom Hay Tr\u1ea7n Nhu\u1eadn Minh, ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i th\u1ebf s\u1ef1:<\/p>\n Hai em trai ch\u1ebft tr\u1eadn Trong d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh. T\u00e2m l\u00fd do d\u1ef1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt, th\u00ec t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m k\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1eafc S\u01a1n, l\u00ednh mi\u1ec1n Nam, sau n\u0103m 1975 g\u1eb7p b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 than phi\u1ec1n: <\/p>\n B\u1ed1 t\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 l\u00e0m cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sung s\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p V\u00ec v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. <\/p>\n C\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n v\u0129 c\u1ea7m rung l\u00ean. Khi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea5y b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u, trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ho\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng, tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n. Khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111en t\u1ed1i, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n, d\u1eabm \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e1. Khi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, giao h\u00f2a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi sinh th\u00e1i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, <\/i>s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh (fragmentation) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh. <\/i><\/p>\n Trong th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, c\u00e1i ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u1ed9t khi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f9i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thay th\u1ebf t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m s\u1eed thi. \u0110\u1ed7 Quy\u00ean:<\/i><\/p>\n Ta trong chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m nh\u1eefng tin h\u1ed3ng L\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i h\u1eadn th\u00f9 d\u00e2n <\/b>t\u1ed9c. L\u00e0m th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 do c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i h\u1eadn th\u00f9<\/b> trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u01b0a ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. <\/p>\n T\u00f4i l\u00e0 con c\u00e1 sinh ra trong d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng B\u1ebfn H\u1ea3i (Ngu Y\u00ean)<\/p>\n B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u01a1 ca n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 quan sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m trong b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, th\u00ec th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u, \u00edt c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 hay. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u00fd do l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh tuy ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n, v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ebft tr\u1eafng. <\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u01a1 hay v\u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p ch\u00e2n dung kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1eef, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c ch\u1eef, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f3ng s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham d\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c chia s\u1ebb g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1eadn th\u00f9 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, c\u1ee7a h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3, c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i \u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng khoan dung d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. (7) <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca, c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn duy nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00ednh sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n V\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd do quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng k\u1ef9 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho l\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c, g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 trong th\u01a1 Cao \u0110\u00f4ng Kh\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ch\u1eadt h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u tr\u00ed nh\u1edb Ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u00c1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lo \u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eafn gi\u1ebft nhau th\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i h\u1eadn th\u00f9 do n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y ra. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u00f4 danh, vi\u1ebft \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t Ho\u00e0ng Sa n\u0103m 1974, n\u00f3i l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin: d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n Em \u01a1i, tr\u00ean t\u1eebng trang s\u1eed nh\u1ecf Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0 k\u00fd v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng lao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 suy t\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ebfn tranh, gi\u1eefa qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169 v\u00e0 x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u1edbi, gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean trong, l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i tan v\u1ee1, ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua cu\u1ed9c mang trong h\u00e0nh trang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng g\u00ecn v\u00e0ng gi\u1eef ng\u1ecdc qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh v\u00f4 danh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 danh \u0111\u1ebfn hai l\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i b\u1ecb x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o n\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc non tr\u1ebb, ch\u1ebft ngay trong l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u01b0u vong ng\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o, th\u01a1 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i, nghi ng\u1edd, th\u00e1o g\u1ee1, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, tra v\u1ea5n. S\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1.<\/p>\n R\u1ea5t m\u1edbi:<\/p>\n b\u1ec7nh chi\u1ebfn tranh d\u00e0y v\u00f2 s\u00e2u x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ebft nhau c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e9o g\u00ec l\u00e0 dinh h\u1ea1nh t\u00f4i qu\u1ea1t con \u0111\u1ea1m ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0ng ak n\u00e1t m\u1eb7t B\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Nam, v\u1edbi tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 giao h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9<\/b> v\u00e0 bao dung. B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Uy\u00ean Nguy\u00ean th\u0103m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn s\u1eafp t\u00e0n. B\u00fat ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, thao th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n Chi\u1ec1u qua c\u1ea7u C\u1ecf may m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n qua chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i (26\/04\/15) (9)<\/p>\n Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec7n nghi, ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng trong lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u01a1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong th\u01a1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng khi c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n Nam B\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 trong th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t v\u0103n xu\u00f4i h\u00f3a, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t, v\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i trong th\u01a1, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n Ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng em (T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean, 1997)<\/p>\n Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n nay gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111o b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i h\u1eadn th\u00f9. Th\u01a1 ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang, m\u1edbi mong t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i m\u1ea5t, mang theo h\u1eafn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ed m\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ed9t, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cha m\u1eb9, tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i lang thang \u0111i t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00e1c l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean c\u1ea7u Tr\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec1n th\u1eafp h\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u1ee9a con trai m\u1ea5t t\u00edch trong t\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n. Th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho h\u1ecd? Th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o tr\u0103m n\u0103m, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh m\u1ed9t t\u1edd l\u1ecbch m\u1ecfng v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00fd \u1ee9c tr\u1eafng x\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tan v\u1ee1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1 ng\u1eafn. T\u1ea1i sao th\u01a1 ca c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? <\/p>\n \u1ede nhu c\u1ea7u mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y hay m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn h\u1ed3ng Chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u s\u1eaft \u0111en (L\u1eef Qu\u1ef3nh, \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh bu\u1ed3n,\u201d <\/em>2011) (10) <\/p>\n C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/b>. N\u01a1i b\u1ea1n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00f5i \u0111en t\u1ed1i. Khi \u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00e1c, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n thu x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9n b\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc qua, ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean tay, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. Chi\u1ebfn tranh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi k\u1ecbch. Bi k\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tai h\u1ecda, m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn sinh ra t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch quan, kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Bi k\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda tuy do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t. <\/p>\n Th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y hay chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7m s\u00fang, \u0111\u00e3 qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u hay k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u00e3 qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 bi l\u1ee5y. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u00f4m nay c\u1ea7n r\u1eddi b\u1ecf chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf x\u1ebfp b\u00ean v\u1ec9a h\u00e8, b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, len l\u1ecfi qua d\u00f2ng xe c\u1ed9, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, hay ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00eda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch quan. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb xua v\u00e0o tai \u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ecb d\u1eabn d\u1ee5, b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng v\u1ec9a \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eddi gian, nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t k\u1ebb b\u1ecb g\u00f5 c\u1eeda trong \u0111\u00eam, d\u1eabn \u0111i gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c g\u00e0o, m\u1ea5t t\u00edch trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i hay b\u1ecb d\u1eabm n\u00e1t. <\/p>\n Khi khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f3n tay \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn ra n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c. <\/p>\n V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a anh ta. <\/p>\n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f9ng <\/u><\/p>\n <\/u><\/p>\n <\/u><\/p>\n <\/u><\/p>\n Ch\u00fa th\u00edch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3:<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n (*) Mc Carthy, Cormac, The Road<\/em>, Vintage International, 2006, tr. 284.<\/p>\n Do you have any kids? (1) Carolyn Forch\u00e9, Against Forgetting<\/em>, NXB Norton, 1993, tr. 705.<\/p>\n (2) Conscientious objector: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eadp ng\u0169 v\u00ec l\u00fd do ni\u1ec1m tin, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n (3) Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n M\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea9y h\u1ebft d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do t\u00ecnh c\u1edd m\u00e0 b\u1ecdn anh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m tr\u00e1n v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. B\u1ea3y t\u00ean l\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m. Ba t\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 khi \u0111\u1ecd s\u00fang. B\u1ed1n t\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ecbnh "con" hy sinh trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea1n tr\u00fang tim, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau, ng\u00e3 s\u1ea5p. (B\u1ea3o Ninh, N\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/a><\/em>) <\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng chen l\u1eabn ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 g\u1ecdn. Ch\u00fang ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u00f4i c\u0103m th\u00f9 v\u00e0 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm b\u1ecdn ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ai n\u1ee1 l\u00f2ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. L\u0169 ch\u00fang n\u00f3, lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n. \u0110\u00e3 bao l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9 binh, k\u1ebb cho thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u01a1m \u0103n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9 x\u01b0a nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 t\u00f9 binh, hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec t\u00f9 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ecdn Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb v\u00f4 linh h\u1ed3n, ch\u00fang qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam chung v\u1edbi ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u, chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u00f9 h\u1eadn! Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00f4i nghe trong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00eam nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng t\u1ee5c t\u0129u, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u1ea5c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft khi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng l\u00e1t dao t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u\u2026 T\u00f4i b\u00f2 nhanh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tay ph\u1ea3i theo tri\u1ec1n d\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, c\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3ng, c\u00f3 x\u00e1c c\u00f2n n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/i><\/p>\n \u2013 Ai \u0111\u00f3? T\u00f4i, C\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ee9u d\u00f9m t\u00f4i v\u1edbi\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n C\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n \u2013 M\u1eb9 m\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 tao c\u1ee9u cho.<\/i><\/p>\n N\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ec1nh h\u1ec7ch man d\u00e3, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n n\u1ed5 ch\u00e1t ch\u00faa, n\u00f3 b\u1eafn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u anh C\u1ea5m\u2026 T\u00f4i n\u1eb1m im kh\u00f4ng nh\u00fac nh\u00edch, m\u1eb7t \u00fap xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 cao su. <\/i><\/i><\/p>\n (Phan Nh\u1eadt Nam, D\u1ea5u binh l\u1eeda<\/a><\/em>)<\/p>\n (4) Du T\u1eed L\u00ea, \u1ede Ch\u1ed7 Nh\u00e2n Gian Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Hi\u1ec3u<\/em>, NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng, 1989, tr. 181.<\/p>\n (5) Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ee5y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Talawas, http:\/\/www.talawas.org\/talaDB\/showFile.php?res=3708&rb=0101<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n (6) Adam Kirsch, The Modern Element<\/em>, Norton, 2008, tr. 25<\/p>\n (7) T\u00f4i \u00edt th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ba Lan Wislawa Szymborska trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d: <\/p>\n \u201cCh\u1ecb \u01a1i, t\u00ean ch\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d \n
\n
H\u1eafn v\u1eabn ch\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i v\u00e0i bu\u1edbc
c\u00e1i th\u1eb1ng l\u00ednh b\u1ea3o an non cho\u1eb9t
ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u1eb1ng b\u1eafn s\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4i
ng\u00f3n tay t\u00f4i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean n\u1ea5c c\u00f2
b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1n AK va v\u00e0o t\u00f4i t\u1ea5m t\u1ee9c
ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u1eeda t\u00edch t\u1eafc
kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch t\u1eafc th\u00f4i
ng\u00f3n tay t\u00f4i kh\u1ebd nh\u00edch n\u1eeda ly
th\u00ec h\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa
– \u0110\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i!…
H\u1eafn v\u1eabn c\u1eafm c\u1ed5 ch\u1ea1y
t\u00f4i v\u1eabn l\u0103m l\u0103m kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang r\u01b0\u1ee3t theo
\u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eaft
th\u1eadt v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u
so v\u1edbi \u1ea5n n\u1ea5c c\u00f2 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch t\u1eafc <\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Em c\u0169ng qu\u00ea H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i
<\/i><\/i>Em g\u1ecdi ta b\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng
\u1edc, ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00e1u<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u01b0\u1edbt l\u00e0n mi
khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 T\u1ed5 Qu\u1ed1c
d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00f2ng ng\u1edd ngh\u1ec7ch ch\u1eb3ng ra chi<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u00eam cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u00ean con m\u1eaft m\u1eb9 d\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec
L\u00e0m sao con hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft
C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0
D\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 d\u0103m ba ch\u1eef
Ng\u00e0y mai con \u0111i
Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o l\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u00f2n \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 m\u1eb9
Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o b\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i m\u1eb9 cho
B\u1ecdc tr\u00e1i tim d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u m\u1eb9 cho
Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c <\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n
\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ecf hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i
An L\u1ed9c li\u1ec1n t\u00ean c\u00f9ng Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb
h\u1ee1i anh em vinh hi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi <\/p>\n
nh\u1edd mi t\u00ean Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb vang r\u1ec1n
b\u00fat th\u00e9p, m\u1ef1c m\u00e1u, tr\u00e1i tim l\u1eeda
c\u00f2n ghi t\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed anh em <\/p>\n
nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u00e2n b\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1edbc
v\u00f2ng tay y\u00eau b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n anh em
th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ch\u1ebft tan t\u00e1c <\/p>\n
n\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecda ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9
n\u00fai s\u00f4ng l\u1eabm li\u1ec7t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3
s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y anh em ch\u00fang ta <\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u00e1u \u0111\u1eabm m\u1eb7t nhau<\/em>
Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m tan n\u00e1t<\/em>
Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Thi\u1ec7n-\u00c1c<\/em>
T\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u vi\u1ec5n chinh<\/em>
Trung \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh t\u00f4i<\/em>
K\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn Berlin ng\u1ed3i n\u1ea5c<\/em>
Bao nhi\u00eau trung \u0111\u1ed9i tan r\u1ed3i<\/em><\/p>\n
Tomorrow people would rise from tunnels everywhere<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y mai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/em>(1)<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u1edfi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u
Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0u c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn<\/i><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y h\u00e0ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu t\u00ean em
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i
<\/i><\/i><\/i>Nh\u1edb th\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u1ed1c r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n em<\/i><\/p>\n
H\u00e3y khoan \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa m\u00e0y
C\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3ng xa v\u00e0i d\u1eb7m
<\/i><\/i><\/i>M\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng no say.<\/i><\/p>\n
C\u0169ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 trong \u0111\u1eddi
C\u00f3 n\u00fai s\u00f4ng trong b\u1ee5ng
M\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c h\u00f4m nay.<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c ghi \u01a1n, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng
Khi t\u00ecm v\u1ee3, ta l\u00e0 th\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea1y ch\u00f3t<\/i><\/p>\n
Anh d\u1eaft tay em tr\u1eddi chi ch\u00edt sao gi\u0103ng
Th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n ta s\u1ebd ch\u01a1i tr\u0103ng ngo\u00e0i th\u1ec1m<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n
T\u00ecm con ng\u1ef1a tr\u1eadn n\u0103m n\u00e0o
Y\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t
H\u1ecfi ch\u00e0ng ch\u00e0ng b\u1eb7t t\u0103m hao<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n\n
Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda s\u1ed5
C\u00f3 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda ng\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m than c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eb7c
nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 x\u1edbi nhanh
gi\u1ea5u \u0111i nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb
x\u00e1c ch\u1ecb, x\u00e1c anh
Nho Quan, m\u1ed3ng ba T\u1ebft
nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9
nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n l\u1eeda r\u1ea5t kho\u00e1i tr\u00e1
t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea1 th\u1ee7 T\u00e2y \u0111en hay T\u00e2y tr\u1eafng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3
\u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb1ng s\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1eddi
l\u00fac th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n l\u1eeda xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t qua th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 anh t\u00f4i
l\u1ed3 l\u1ed9 b\u00ean b\u1edd ru\u1ed9ng
n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam
ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em tin
\u0111\u1eadp g\u1ea5p r\u00fat hai c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda g\u1ed7 lim
ti\u1ebfng n\u1ec7n th\u00ecnh th\u1ecbch d\u1ed9i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ng\u1ef1c thoi th\u00f3p v\u00f9ng t\u1ec1
m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i x\u00e9 v\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i tr\u1eafng
qu\u1ea5n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i <\/em>(4)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
N\u00f3n s\u1eaft gi\u00e0y s\u00f4 v\u1ea5t b\u1ecf d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng
M\u01b0a s\u1edbm khai m\u00f9a tu\u00f4n x\u1ed1i x\u1ea3
<\/i><\/i><\/i>\u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed7i tai \u01b0\u01a1ng
Th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh l\u00ea l\u1ebft ra y vi\u1ec7n<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng th\u1eb1ng b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i thanh xu\u00e2n.
Di\u1ec1u h\u00e2u b\u00f4i m\u1eb7t h\u00f9 ma qu\u1ec9.
<\/i><\/i><\/i>Thu\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng.
\u0110\u00eam c\u1ee7a \u00e2m binh v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5.
Poncho ph\u01a1 ph\u1ea5t gi\u00f3 h\u1eddn oan.
<\/i><\/i><\/i>Tr\u00ean vai c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1n.
Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau
anh d\u0169ng
ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng
c\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn anh r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd hy sinh
\u00f4i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau
m\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ee1i ?
c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng \u0103n
c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u1edd t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0o treo \u0111\u00f3?
anh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec
em h\u1ee1i em, l\u00e0m sao anh n\u00f3i<\/i><\/p>\n
Nu\u1ed1t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng
To\u00e1n t\u00f9 binh \u0111\u1ed1n c\u00e2y
L\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc b\u00f3ng <\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh x\u01b0a l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd
H\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3a mai v\u00e0ng
L\u00f2ng nghe s\u1ea7u xa v\u1eafng<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
cu\u1ed9c x\u1eed b\u1eafn
ng\u00f4i sao t\u1ef1 treo n\u00f3 l\u00ean xanh, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y
<\/i><\/i><\/i>nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac d\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u
th\u00fa: m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n l\u1ebdo \u0111\u1ebdo
<\/i><\/i>tr\u1eadt tr\u1ecba l\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e8o<\/i><\/p>\n
Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 30
Ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3?
T\u00f4i!<\/i><\/p>\n
Di\u1ebft da m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng m\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01a1i
<\/em><\/em>C\u00e1i<\/em> m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng t\u1ef1a m\u00e2y tr\u00f4i
<\/em>B\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/em><\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u
<\/i><\/i>\u1ea2nh th\u1edd m\u1edd s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i
V\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t nhau<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i thanh xu\u00e2n
C\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u0111i l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng
\u00d4ng c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o
Th\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng th\u00eam s\u1eb7c m\u00e1u <\/i><\/p>\n
V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ca t\u1ee5ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi
T\u00f4i c\u00e0ng ca t\u1ee5ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o
Th\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng x\u1ea5u xa ch\u1eebng n\u1ea5y. <\/i><\/p>\n\n
Ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t
<\/i><\/i>Ch\u1eef, b\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed3i v\u00f4 l\u1ed1i
Tranh tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0
<\/i><\/i>G\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 l\u1ed1i \u0111i
B\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi b\u0103n kho\u0103n v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh
<\/i><\/i>ch\u1ec9 quen h\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c ca
Kh\u1ecfi b\u0103n kho\u0103n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi em kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh t\u1eebng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn
<\/i><\/i>x\u00e0 t\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng song s\u1eaft l\u1eb1n g\u00e2n
Kh\u1ecfi h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc d\u00e2n bao gi\u1edd thay gi\u1ed1ng
<\/i><\/i>v\u1ec1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng-ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111i ch\u01a1i
nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh xuy\u00ean gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng b\u01a1i qua b\u1edd b\u1eafc t\u00ecm \u0103n tr\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e2u
<\/i><\/i>Bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ng\u1ee7 b\u1edd nam tr\u1ed1n l\u00ednh r\u00ecnh gi\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1edbi
Ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y l\u00ednh b\u1edd b\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eedi l\u00ednh b\u1edd nam
L\u00ednh b\u1edd nam m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng ch\u1eedi l\u00ednh b\u1edd b\u1eafc
<\/i><\/i><\/i>Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00eam nh\u00ecn sao tr\u1eddi thao th\u1ee9c
T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n xuy\u00ean bang
khuya h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed
\u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean<\/i><\/p>\n
n\u00e0ng tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 b\u0103ng, n\u00e0ng \u1ea5m nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i ch\u00edn c\u00e2y
con ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1edf t\u00ecnh v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed
ch\u1edf c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i d\u1ea1 v\u0169 tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh<\/i><\/p>\n
Xin k\u1ec3 th\u00eam t\u00f4i, th\u00e0nh 19 tri\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi
Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch h\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1i
L\u00e0m b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh, ng\u0103n tri\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng d\u1eef
Gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng cho r\u01a1i m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u1eadt n\u00e0o
M\u1ed7i gi\u1ecdt ra \u0111i ch\u00ednh m\u1ed7i gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e0o, bao \u0111\u1eddi cha \u00f4ng nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng
<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u01a1i
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00f9 s\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tay anh c\u1ea7m s\u00fang
<\/i><\/i>T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1m t\u00e0u r\u1ebd s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i><\/p>\n
n\u1eafng th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean n\u1ed5i n\u1eafp h\u1ea7m<\/i><\/p>\n
m\u00e0 l\u1ea3i nh\u1ea3i qu\u00e0\u00e0\u00e0i th\u1eddi n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea9y m\u01b0\u01a1i<\/i><\/p>\n
nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi sau kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi m\u00e0y <\/em>(8) <\/p>\n\n
ch\u00e2n gi\u1eb5m t\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng xa l\u1ee1
m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf g\u00f3t ng\u00e0y
l\u1eeda m\u1eaft kh\u00e1t qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 r\u01a1i tu\u1ed9t t\u1eebng t\u1edd l\u1ecbch m\u00e1u
th\u00e1ng t\u01b0
nh\u1edb kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng M\u01b0\u1eddng
c\u1ed3n c\u1ecf sau l\u01b0ng con tr\u0103ng c\u1ed1c v\u0169 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edd tr\u00f4i gi\u1ea1t<\/i><\/p>\n
kh\u00f3i qu\u1ea5n ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau
cu\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n
kho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1 d\u00f2ng C\u1ecf May kinh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc
b\u1ee9c x\u00e1m v\u1ebd tr\u00f4i tr\u1eddi m\u00e2y
loang\/ v\u1ebft c\u1eaft gi\u00f3 lo\u1ea1n ph\u01a1i x\u00e1c
nh\u1eefng con l\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y
\u0111en \/th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \/n\u1eafng\/ kh\u00e9t
<\/i>\u0111\u00eam n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean khoang c\u00e1 nh\u00ecn tr\u0103ng 16<\/i><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Nh\u1eefng ai x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac sum v\u1ea7y<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Sau ng\u00e0y thua tr\u1eadn
Im l\u1eb7ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n
V\u00ec ch\u1edd ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i
M\u01b0a r\u1ea3 r\u00edch ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi
V\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi
Gi\u00e3 t\u1eeb nhau l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd.<\/i><\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng thanh t\u00e0 v\u1eb9t r\u1ec9
T\u00e0u qua m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u
<\/i><\/em><\/p>\n
<\/strong><\/p>\n
We do.
<\/i><\/i>Do you have a little boy?
We have a little boy and we have a little girl.
<\/i><\/i>How old is he?
He\u2019s about your age. Maybe a little older.
<\/i><\/i>And you didn\u2019t eat them.
No.
<\/i><\/i>You don\u2019t eat people.
No, we don\u2019t eat people.
<\/i><\/i>And I can go with you?
Yes. You can.<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e2u r\u1ed3i? H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2u, ba c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u1ea5y? – Ki\u00ean h\u1ecfi, gi\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u00f4n t\u1ed3n. B\u1ed1n t\u00ean t\u00f9 binh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f3i, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1eeb t\u1eed, \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n r\u00e1ch b\u01b0\u01a1m, be b\u00e9t b\u00f9n v\u00e0 m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1eb7ng, l\u00e0m thinh. Ch\u00fang u\u1ec3 o\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e2n.
– N\u00e0o, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ed3i? H\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u00ec ch\u00fang m\u00e0y c\u00f2n. T\u00ean nom to con nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecdn, m\u1eaft tr\u00e1i b\u1ecb b\u00e1ng s\u00fang d\u1ed9ng l\u00f2<\/i>i<\/i> ra, m\u00e1u h\u00f2a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ecf n\u1eeda m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u01b0a con m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn Ki\u00ean, c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea9y, v\u00e0 kh\u00e0n kh\u00e0n n\u00f3i, nhe h\u00e0m r\u0103ng tr\u1eafng \u1edbn.
– Ba nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh qu\u00ed anh, t\u1ee5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m th\u1ecbt c\u00fang h\u00e0 b\u00e1 r\u1ed3i<\/i>, <\/i>m\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf la kh\u00f3c qu\u00e1 tr\u1eddi.
C\u1ea3 t\u1ed1p trinh s\u00e1t so\u1ea1t so\u1ea1t r\u00fat dao g\u0103m. Ki\u00ean v\u1ed9i ng\u0103n:
– \u0110\u1eebng! \u1ea5y ch\u1edb<\/i>. <\/i>B\u1ecdn n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c la kh\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ch\u1ebft. Ch\u1ebft ngay th\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e2u. <\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
\u201cCh\u1ecb bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i? Qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d
\u201cT\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o c\u00e1i hang n\u00e0y?\u201d \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d
<\/i><\/i><\/i>\u201cCh\u1ecb tr\u1ed1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i?\u201d \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d
\u201cT\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ecb c\u1eafn tay c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i?\u201d \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d
<\/i><\/i>\u201cCh\u1ecb c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ch\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d
\u201cCh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 phe n\u00e0o ?\u201d \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d
<\/i><\/i>\u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh, ch\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t phe ch\u1ee9.\u201d \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d
\u201cL\u00e0ng c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.\u201d
<\/i><\/i>\u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ch\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u201cD\u1ea1 ph\u1ea3i.\u201d
<\/em>
"Woman, what’s your name?" "I don’t know."
"How old are you? Where are you from?" "I don’t know."
"Why did you dig that burrow?" "I don’t know."
"How long have you been hiding?" "I don’t know."
"Why did you bite my finger?" "I don’t know."
"Don’t you know that we won’t hurt you?" "I don’t know."
"Whose side are you on?" "I don’t know."
"This is war, you’ve got to choose." "I don’t know."
"Does your village still exist?" "I don’t know."
"Are those your children?" "Yes." <\/i><\/p>\n