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Ph\u1ea7n 2 – M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfc<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 30-4-1975 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, mi\u1ec1n Nam C\u1ed9ng-h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c t\u1eed 40 n\u0103m! Gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sai l\u1ea7m trong s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 sai tr\u00e1i v\u1ec1 "bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7", \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn v\u1eady! Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eed ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp ni\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eed nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai!<\/b><\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u00ean \u00e1n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Nam C\u1ed9ng-h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 5-1975<\/b>. Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a b\u1ecb x\u00f3a trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed k\u1ebb th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a c\u0169ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch. Ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 5, \u1ee6y ban Qu\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ea5m l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y "gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng", v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cho nh\u1eefng to\u00e1n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u00f4 h\u1ee3p (VC, n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng, "\u00f4ng 30\/4") \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 l\u1ee5c so\u00e1t, t\u1ecbch thu s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7-thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m. Ng\u00e0y 30-6 \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n cho bi\u1ebft "ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i trong 1 qu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh S\u00e0i-G\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 1 tu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p (v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu) 482.460 \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 3.000 k\u00fd b\u00e1o-ch\u00ed xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n th\u1eddi ng\u1ee5y", \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho bi\u1ebft \u1edf Nha Trang m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 "n\u1ed9p 35.530 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng", c\u00f2n \u1edf t\u1ec9nh l\u1ef5 B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 "n\u1ed9p cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch-m\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n 3.000 t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e2n nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cassette v\u00e0 d\u0129a h\u00e1t n\u1ed9i-dung ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i cho tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb". Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u1eeb Nam ch\u00ed B\u1eafc \u01b0u chu\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u2026 th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2026 tr\u1ec5, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ngay h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n. <\/p>\n
17 v\u00e0 18 th\u00e1ng 6, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1ed9t ‘H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng’ c\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ai \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9. H\u1ed9i V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 HCM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi 4 V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh, Th\u00e1i B\u1ea1ch, Th\u1ebf Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc L\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/i>\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u1ee6y ban Qu\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n giao cho m\u1ed9t Ban thanh l\u1ecdc v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m do Tr\u1ea7n B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed5 V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh, Hu\u1ef3nh V\u0103n T\u00f2ng, Ch\u00e2u Anh (v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 Minh Qu\u00e2n, T\u01b0\u1eddng Linh, Thu Mai, Nguy\u1ec5n S\u1ef9 Nguy\u00ean, Giang T\u00e2n, H\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An, v.v.). H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o 6 lo\u1ea1i. L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y tr\u00ean t\u1edd nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o S\u00e0i-G\u00f2n Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng<\/i> 2 ng\u00e0y 21 v\u00e0 22-1-1976. A v\u00e0 B b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00ec h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t cho c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n, C (trong s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0ng), D, E th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i thanh l\u1ecdc, c\u00f2n F l\u00e0 \u2026 c\u1ee7a ”c\u00e1ch-m\u1ea1ng”(n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng). M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 26-10-1975, ban n\u00e0y m\u1edbi xong \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u, thanh l\u1ecdc 56 t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 489 t\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn-tranh t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 20-8-1975<\/b>, khi L\u01b0u H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u00f4ng tin v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Th\u00f4ng tri 218\/CT.75 c\u1ea5m l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c C\u01a1 s\u1edf xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n, C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu nhi, C\u00e1c t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 – m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch 130<\/b> trong \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 120 <\/b>t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh (10 t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 kia l\u00e0 \u00c2u M\u1ef9 Hoa c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch). Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 khi nghi b\u00f3ng nghi gi\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e0n quy\u00e9t thu v\u00e9n s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 IV (1976) ghi r\u00f5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i "qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 gieo r\u1eafc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/i>\u2019 (15). X\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n\/ch\u1ee5p m\u0169 l\u00e0 ‘t\u00e0n d\u01b0 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch’, ‘ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch-m\u1ea1ng’,… R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Ng\u00e0y 10 v\u00e0 11-6-1975, \u1ee6y Ban Qu\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i-G\u00f2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o k\u00eau g\u1ecdi qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n, b\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung "h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o" h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n 3 th\u00e1ng, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam. V\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 8-3-1976<\/b> th\u00eam Th\u00f4ng tri s\u1ed1 15\/TTVH\/MCTH c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Th\u00f4ng tin V\u0103n-h\u00f3a c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt danh m\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch c\u1ea5m l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 l\u00f9ng b\u1eaft v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3 n\u00e0y [m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Thanh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ho\u00e0ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch X3, sau X1 ‘chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u1eaft h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o’, X2 ‘\u0111\u00e1nh t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n’ (16)], t\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e0n ‘c\u00f4ng an v\u0103n-h\u00f3a’ h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng ‘c\u00f4ng an khu v\u1ef1c’ h\u00e0nh \u2026 qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t t\u1ecbch thu h\u1ebft s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t, "t\u1ea9y". \u0110\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3t hai k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n "b\u1ecdn v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng" v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ea7u c\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ‘th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t’ 2 mi\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y 25-4 sau \u0111\u00f3, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng 3-4-1976, <\/b>m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 H\u1ed3 Con R\u00f9a \u1edf b\u00f9ng-binh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Duy T\u00e2n v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fd C\u00e1p: kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u "v\u1ee5 \u00e1n H\u1ed3 Con R\u00f9a" (v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n quay th\u00e0nh phim v\u00e0 l\u00ean s\u00e1ch), c\u00f4ng an l\u00f9ng b\u1eaft kho\u1ea3ng 200<\/b> ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 t\u1eeb nay h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "nh\u1eefng t\u00ean bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch c\u1ea7m b\u00fat", ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u00f4n, h\u00f4m sau l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Nh\u00e3 Ca, Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea1 T\u1eeb, Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i Th\u1ee7y, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu. "Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch c\u1ea7m b\u00fat". Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u thi h\u00e0nh V\u1ee5 \u00e1n H\u1ed3 Con R\u00f9a l\u00e0 Hu\u1ef3nh B\u00e1 Th\u00e0nh (1942-1993) b\u00ed danh Ba Trung t\u1ee9c h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u1edat (nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u00edn<\/i>) n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf S\u00e0i-G\u00f2n, sau n\u00e0y n\u0103m 1981-82 y vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ”V\u1ee5 \u00e1n H\u1ed3 Con R\u00f9a” \u0111\u0103ng t\u1eebng k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean t\u1edd Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb <\/i>v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1983. <\/i>T\u1ed9i danh g\u00e1n cho h\u1ecd khi l\u00e0 ”gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p” khi l\u00e0 ”tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch-m\u1ea1ng”. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y b\u1eaft b\u1edb giam c\u1ea7m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u01b0 Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9, V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u00f4n, Nguy\u1ec5n S\u0129 T\u1ebf, Duy\u00ean Anh, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu, H\u1ed3 H\u1eefu T\u01b0\u1eddng, H\u1ed3 Nam, L\u00ea Xuy\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Hi\u1ec7u, M\u1eb7c Thu, Th\u00e1i Th\u1ee7y, Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea1 T\u1eeb, Nh\u00e3 Ca, c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0110\u1eb1ng Giao, Cho\u00e9 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i Ch\u00ed, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Minh V\u1ed3 t\u1edd Con Ong, <\/i>H\u1ed3 V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng, S\u01a1n \u0110i\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ebft Kh\u00e1nh,… c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n Minh \u0110\u0103ng Kh\u00e1nh, Ho\u00e0ng V\u0129nh L\u1ed9c, v.v.<\/p>\n
Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f9ng b\u1eaft kho\u1ea3ng 30 v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 mi\u1ec1n Nam, m\u1ed9t \u201cKh\u00f3a b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/b> cho V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 mi\u1ec1n Nam” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e0nh \u1ee7y v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 HCM t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee3t 1 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a H\u00e8 n\u0103m 1976<\/b>, kh\u1edfi ng\u00e0y 13-6 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 th\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ee3t 2 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y; m\u1ee5c-\u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 ‘t\u1ed9i’ kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ‘c\u00e1ch-m\u1ea1ng’, ‘kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c’ nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tay v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam; nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra c\u1ed1t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f9ng b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp trung ‘h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o’ \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t-Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 cho c\u00e1c v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i – m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hu\u1ea5n h\u1ed5, ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch-m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a 1 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 theo c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i, ph\u1ea7n sau l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra T\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb, b\u00ean T\u1ed5 V\u0103n v\u00e0 Th\u01a1 do V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Th\u1ee5y V\u0169, Nh\u1eadt Ti\u1ebfn, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean Th\u01b0, L\u1ec7 H\u1eb1ng, T\u01b0\u1eddng Linh, An Kh\u00ea, …. Khi Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng b\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, Mai Qu\u1ed1c Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cb\u1edfi v\u00ec mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00e1c anh, c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d [h\u01a1n 37 n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng MQL ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nay \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ”1 c\u00e2u ngu ng\u1ed1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai d\u1ea1i g\u00ec n\u00f3i” (17)].<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t S\u1edf Th\u00f4ng tin V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 HCM ra Th\u00f4ng tri s\u1ed1 12030\/STTVH\/XB ng\u00e0y 3-5-1977. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0y 14-17 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1978, B\u1ed9 V\u0103n-h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i-G\u00f2n m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng ”H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5u tranh x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u00e0n d\u01b0 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi” v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i v\u00e0o, xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u00f3n ”v\u0103n-h\u00f3a \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a”, ”v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch-m\u1ea1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam” (nh\u1eafm c\u0103m th\u00f9, l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n,…) c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. ”Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi”, ”con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch-m\u1ea1ng”, ”con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi”,… kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ”v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb” c\u1ee7a ”v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm” (21 n\u0103m!). Do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng an, \u2026<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 7-3-1978, nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o Tin S\u00e1ng <\/i>cho \u0111\u0103ng Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y Ban Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 HCM mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1978 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n d\u1eb9p h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ‘d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u0103n-h\u00f3a t\u00e2n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n’, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ki\u1ec3m th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ‘n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c’ c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a suy \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch-m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ebb l\u1eadp ra nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n-h\u00f3a<\/u> cho m\u1ee5c-\u0111\u00edch ‘truy qu\u00e9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng’.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc ra h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n danh m\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u00e0 c\u1ea5m l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i x\u00f3a b\u1ecf, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec "m\u1ea3ng" v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n l\u00e0 "\u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi", "ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 mi\u1ec1n Nam" t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 "v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng", ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng – nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi! T\u1eeb 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn 1997 c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 20 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1eedi b\u1edbi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a: v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tay sai nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i bom! V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3-1981<\/b>, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i ra h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n danh m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi g\u1ed3m 122 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh. Trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u00ean \u00e1n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1 n\u00e0y, theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1981, trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ee3t 3<\/i> v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1981 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecbch thu tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c 3 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m trong \u0111\u00f3 316,314 s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m; ri\u00eang \u1edf S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n 60 t\u1ea5n s\u00e1ch (151,200 cu\u1ed1n), 41,723 cu\u1ed9n b\u0103ng nh\u1ea1c, 53,751 b\u1ee9c tranh, 631 cu\u1ed9n phim. v.v. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra 205 nh\u00e0 in b\u00ed m\u1eadt (-Theo Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecd, T\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed C\u1ed9ng-S\u1ea3n<\/i> 10-1981).<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sau khi "chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng", c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y li\u1ec1n g\u1ea5p r\u00fat t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch v\u0103n-h\u00f3a v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a "b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7" li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra \u1edf S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u "ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng" nh\u1ea5t! Sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng "c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3" nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n V\u0103n h\u00f3a, V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Mi\u1ec1n Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 M\u1ef9-Ng\u1ee5y<\/i>, t\u1eadp 1 do Tr\u00e0 Linh, Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu T\u00e1, v.v. so\u1ea1n (H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i: V\u0103n H\u00f3a, 1977); hai n\u0103m sau ra t\u1eadp 2, do Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean (H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i: V\u0103n H\u00f3a, 1979). Trong cu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n t\u1ecf ra s\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u0103n-h\u00f3a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng-h\u00f2a, th\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd coi nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00ec l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n danh d\u00e2n-t\u1ed9c, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam b\u1ecb h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "v\u0103n-h\u00f3a m\u1ea1o h\u00f3a". C\u00e1c t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, th\u00ec b\u1ecb h\u1ecd k\u1ebft \u00e1n l\u00e0 "\u0111\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c" v\u00ec v\u1eeba "\u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y" v\u1eeba "ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch-m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c" (tr. 313) c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ee5y Long, H\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n Chi, V\u0103n Quang, Th\u1ebf Uy\u00ean, Phan Nh\u1eadt Nam, Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9, Duy\u00ean Anh,… Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3: Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u00f4n, Nh\u1ea5t Linh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u1ef9, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ef3nh, L\u00ea V\u0103n Si\u00eau, L\u00ea H\u1eefu M\u1ee5c, Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, V\u0103n Quang, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu, V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh To\u00e0n, Nh\u00e3 Ca,… Xu\u00e2n V\u0169, Kim Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y vi\u1ebft "chi\u00eau h\u1ed3i" d\u0129 nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ecd ch\u0129a m\u0169i d\u00f9i n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n!<\/p>\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n-h\u1ecdc (Phong L\u00ea, Ho\u00e0ng Trung Th\u00f4ng, …) ra cu\u1ed1n V\u0103n-h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, C\u1ee9u N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> (H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i: Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i, 1979), trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 "t\u00ean sen \u0111\u1ea7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf", l\u00e0 "t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi"! Ri\u00eang Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n S\u0129 trong V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam 1954-1970<\/i> (H\u00e0-n\u1ed9i: \u0110H&THCN, 1975) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t … b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 (th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecf) : "v\u0103n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 v\u0103n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea3o tr\u00e1 \u0111\u00ea h\u00e8n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9-ng\u1ee5y \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/i>" (tr. 377) c\u00f9ng l\u00fac l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eefng L\u00e1 Th\u01b0 T\u1eeb Tuy\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea7u T\u1ed5 Qu\u1ed1c <\/i>\u0111\u1ea7y c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecba (l\u00ednh Bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi) c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u0103n c\u00f4ng g\u1ed1c B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Phong Hi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi Ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9 \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> : Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a 1954 – 1975 (H\u00e0-n\u1ed9i. : Th\u00f4ng tin l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, 1975, tb 1984); v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c in T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi M\u1ef9 \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/i> (Tp.HCM : Tp. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 1980), v.v.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e1t \u0111\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng k\u00fd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Cu\u1ed9c X\u00e2m L\u0103ng V\u1ec1 V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 V\u00e0 T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c M\u0129 T\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> (H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i: V\u0103n Ho\u00e1, 1981, t\u00e1i-b\u1ea3n 1985). L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng tin v\u0103n-h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n th\u00e1ng 5-1975 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 20-8-75 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Mi\u1ec1n Nam C\u1ed9ng-h\u00f2a theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1eeba ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb v\u1eeba nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e0i kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho k\u1ebb th\u00f9, L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u) v\u00e0 d\u00e2n-t\u1ed9c (t\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n Nam. T\u1eadp s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh "th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi M\u0129" v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam d\u00f9ng "chi\u1ebfn-tranh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u0103n-h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng" \u0111\u1ec3 "x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c" v\u00e0 "b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng" c\u00f9ng "chi\u1ebfn-tranh t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t-\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n-h\u00f3a – t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng" (tr. 31, 37), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m v\u0103n-h\u00f3a v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i, V\u0103n H\u1eefu \u00c1-Ch\u00e2u, Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/i>,… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean b\u00e0n m\u1ed5. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 "\u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n v\u0103n-h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng", l\u00e0 ‘tay sai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9’, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Nguy\u00ean Sa, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u00f4n, L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu, V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn, Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9, LM Ho\u00e0ng S\u1ef9 Qu\u00fd, v.v. V\u0103n-h\u00f3a d\u00e2n-t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng Kim \u0110\u1ecbnh, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c, L\u00ea V\u0103n Si\u00eau, Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Ki\u1ec3m, Nguy\u1ec5n S\u0129 T\u1ebf,… l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft theo \u00f4ng l\u00e0 "b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba" v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, th\u1ea7n b\u00ed,… kh\u00f4ng … khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 … M\u00e1c-L\u00ea c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01a1n khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khuynh-h\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c,…<\/p>\n
Trong \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u00f4i x\u00f3a v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam, cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 Nh\u1eefng T\u00ean Bi\u1ec7t K\u00edch C\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ef1c D\u00e2n M\u1edbi Tr\u00ean M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eadn V\u0103n-H\u00f3a T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/i> do nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n V\u0103n-h\u00f3a in n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. T\u1eadp n\u00e0y (ch\u1ec9 ra T\u1eadp 1, ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y T\u1eadp 2) g\u1ed3m 11 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00eau \u0111\u00edch danh 11 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n-h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec \u1ea3nh-h\u01b0\u1edfng "di h\u1ea1i" l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. 11 "bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch" \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, V\u0169 Kh\u1eafc Khoan, Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9, Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u00f4n, Duy\u00ean Anh, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu, Mai Th\u1ea3o, V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn, H\u1ed3 H\u1eefu T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e3 Ca. B\u1ed1n trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc (NH), s\u00e1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 hai n\u0103m r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00f9 l\u00e2u h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 (NMC) ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00f9 (HHT). C\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1ecb g\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00ecnh dung t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 "bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch, nguy hi\u1ec3m, du \u0111\u00e3ng, b\u1ed3i b\u00fat, v.v."!<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam, n\u0103m 1982 t\u1edd Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb <\/i>S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n ra th\u00eam cu\u1ed1n V\u1ee5 \u00c1n H\u1ed3 Con R\u00f9a<\/i> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft n\u00f3, Hu\u1ef3nh B\u00e1 Th\u00e0nh, n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, th\u00eam th\u1eaft d\u1ef1ng chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n gi\u1eadt m\u00ecn s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00e0 t\u1eadp Nh\u1eefng T\u00ean Bi\u1ec7t K\u00edch C\u1ea7m B\u00fat <\/i>(C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, 1986<\/b>; TpHCM: V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 TpHCM, 1994, b\u1ea3n in sau t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 l\u1ed1, b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t), mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n-v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i, do c\u00f4ng an Minh Ki\u00ean v\u00e0 Nam Thi vi\u1ebft. 8 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o b\u1ecb g\u00e1n t\u1ed9i "gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p" – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft th\u00e1ng 5-1984<\/b> v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 x\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng x\u1ea3y ra n\u0103m 1986 : Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i Th\u1ee7y, Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9, D\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00f9ng C\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u00fd Th\u1ee5y \u00dd, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Nh\u1ea1n, Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u1ea1t, Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ca s\u0129 Khu\u1ea5t Duy Tr\u00e1c. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed "bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch" c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch c\u1ea7m b\u00fat "gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p" v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch v\u0103n-h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng; nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c … ch\u0103m s\u00f3c k\u1ef9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ra \u0111i \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 gia-\u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1edd \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf! Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecf (c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n vi\u1ebft, di chuy\u1ec3n, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c,…), Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9 g\u1eedi \u0110i!<\/i> in \u1edf ngo\u00e0i (L\u00e1 B\u1ed1i, 1982), k\u00fd b\u00fat hi\u1ec7u m\u1edbi H\u1ed3 Khanh, v\u1edbi ghi ch\u00fa "s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i", c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, v\u1eeba ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb v\u1eeba h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, v\u1eeba v\u0103n-h\u00f3a, t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u1eeba kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c-\u0111\u00edch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qu\u1eadt ng\u00e3 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Sang \u0111\u1ee3t hai, l\u00fd tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f9 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb, c\u1ea3 v\u00fa l\u1ea5p mi\u1ec7ng em v\u1eabn th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb!<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ee3t hai<\/b>, gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh K\u1ef5 v\u1edbi Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i T\u01b0-t\u01b0\u1edfng V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 th\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ng\u1ee5y<\/i> (TpHCM: NXB TpHCM, 1987), nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u0103ng \u0110\u00e0n v\u00ec b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch 2 t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t "lu\u1eadn \u00e1n khoa h\u1ecdc Matxc\u01a1va" "ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 1 khoa h\u1ecdc Ng\u1eef v\u0103n" (1987), sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam b\u1edbt v\u00e0 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd kh\u1edfi m\u1edbm tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi t\u1eadp N\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi M\u1ef9 <\/i>(Tp.HCM : Tp.HCM, 1983). B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a V\u0103n-h\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1954-1975<\/i> (H\u00e0-n\u1ed9i : S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt, t. 1-1988; t. 2-1991). T\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u00eam trang \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1a l\u00e0 V\u0103n-h\u00f3a V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u1ee7-ngh\u0129a Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u00eat-Nam 1954-1975<\/i> (TpHCM; Long An: Th\u00f4ng tin, 1990). Hai l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y s\u1eeda ch\u1eeda th\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1a th\u00e0nh V\u0103n-h\u00f3a V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Nam Vi\u00eat Nam, 1954-1975<\/i>. (H\u00e0-n\u1ed9i: Th\u00f4ng tin, 1993; HN: NXB V\u0103n-h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin, 2000).<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u0103ng \u0110\u00e0n d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00f4-g\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ph\u00e1p l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1954-1975 v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00e0y, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ph\u00e1p l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i "b\u00f3p m\u00e9o l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed" v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (1, tr. 12). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 coi nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea3ng "v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 huy" c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh, L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, L\u00ea V\u0129nh H\u00f2a,… thu\u1ed9c L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o-v\u1ec7 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a d\u00e2n-t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1edd Tin V\u0103n, Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i, C\u00f4ng L\u00fd<\/i>, v.v. t\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 v\u0103n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, d\u1ee5ng-v\u0103n cho ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ph\u00e1p l\u00f4-g\u00edch, \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ba lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam trong \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i "v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eb1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n … v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc! Nh\u1ea5t Linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c TT\u0110\u0110 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 "m\u1ed9t tay c\u1ea7m b\u00fat ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u00f5 bi\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n man r\u1ee3 n\u0103m 1946 (…) l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi … \u0111i d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0 l\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp m\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea1c qu\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y theo qu\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng T\u00e0u<\/i>" (1, tr. 82). T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 N\u00f4m v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5-\u0111i\u1ec3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o l\u00e0 "tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00e1t qu\u00e1i". TT\u0110\u0110 t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i khi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a H\u00e0-n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1960 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 "v\u0103n-h\u00f3a" c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1 c\u00e3i l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 "ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i" v\u1ee5 "Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n giai ph\u1ea9m"!<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u0103ng \u0110\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a "b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7" nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 "\u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng", v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1eddi n\u00e0y "c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed3i b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi – m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho chi\u1ebfn-tranh t\u00e2m l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean thanh ni\u00ean \u0111i l\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u00ea cho M\u1ef7, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea9y thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c, du \u0111\u00e3ng, \u0111\u0129 \u0111i\u1ebfm, l\u01b0u manh, l\u00e0m b\u0103ng bo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a v\u0103n-h\u00f3a d\u00e2n-t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ea1y theo th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i …". <\/i>Theo \u00f4ng ta, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n Nam b\u1ecb ba kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng: "thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf tri\u1ebft l\u00fd xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t (tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c-L\u00ea), thi\u1ebfu l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/i>", v\u00ec c\u0169ng theo \u00f4ng, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 mi\u1ec1n Nam "\u1ea9n n\u00e1u trong m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, trong chi\u00eau b\u00e0i t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u, trong \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n-\u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi chi\u00eau b\u00e0i l\u00ean \u00e1n chi\u1ebfn-tranh, \u1ea9n n\u00e1u trong ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p, c\u00f3 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cho v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0<\/i>" (1, tr. 102-112). V\u1edbi \u00f4ng, n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, "ta \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/i>". D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ph\u00e1p l\u00f4-g\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a "n\u1ec1n" v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd! T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, sau 1987 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc quay m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ed1i b\u00f3! V\u1eady m\u00e0 khi so\u1ea1n t\u1eadp 2 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990, \u00f4ng \u0110\u0110 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng v\u00ec s\u1ee3 "x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi<\/i>" h\u00f4 h\u00e0o "vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch ‘v\u0103n-h\u00f3a’, ‘v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7’ th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c cho nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n<\/i>"(2, tr. 119) khi H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n ph\u1ea3i ra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc "t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0m ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh". H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2004 qua lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i "Tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi hoa th\u1ee7y ti\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n" tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Ng\u00e0y Nay<\/i> (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i).<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 6-2008<\/b>, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1eddi qua ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Talawas t\u1eeb khi \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng V\u0103n \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft "M\u1ed9t s\u0129 nh\u1ee5c cho tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c". L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f4ng tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi \u201cN\u00f3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i n\u1eefa\u201d (8-7-08) t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh <\/em>Ban thanh l\u1ecdc v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m n\u1eb1m trong ‘ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1’ v\u0103n-h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n Nam (Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 20-8-1975) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1n Cu\u1ed9c X\u00e2m L\u0103ng V\u1ec1 V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 V\u00e0 T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c M\u0129 T\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> (1981). Hai \u00f4ng LP v\u00e0 NTV \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do khai ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 30-4-1975 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft b\u1edb giam c\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ri\u00eang L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh K\u1ef5, so\u1ea1n-gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n Nh\u00ecn L\u1ea1i T\u01b0-T\u01b0\u1edfng V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 Th\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Ng\u1ee5y<\/i> (1987) n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong danh s\u00e1ch t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec7n sinh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/i> (V\u0103n H\u1ecdc, 1978) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n \u1ede trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ‘ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1’ v\u0103n-h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t 21 n\u0103m sau th\u1eddi ‘\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi’ ch\u01b0a? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f2n, c\u00f2n \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec ‘ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1’ v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, \u00cdt hay Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 C\u00f3 ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng! S\u00e1ch b\u00e1o mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea1i \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee7-\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t! Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch, kinh k\u1ec7, s\u00e1ch ‘h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi’, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed xa x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 ph\u1ea1t hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c,… th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan ch\u1ee9c to ti\u1ebfng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y khi nh\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam mu\u1ed1n in l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y t\u1eadp truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Xuy\u00ean, v.v. Ch\u01b0a b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb "bi\u00ean t\u1eadp" l\u1ea1i!<\/p>\n Trong \u2018h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n\u2019 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1ec1 "v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam (1954-1975)" thu\u1ed9c khoa Ng\u1eef V\u0103n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0-L\u1ea1t, \u1edf m\u1ee5c \u2018<\/b>V\u0103n-h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi\u2019, sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e3y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2026 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u2018khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2019 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh C\u00f4n, Do\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c S\u1ef9, V\u0169 Kh\u1eafc Khoan, v\u00e0 \u2018khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y\u2019 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng Duy\u00ean Anh, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng, Nh\u00e3 Ca, T\u00fay H\u1ed3ng, \u2018v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y\u2019 v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ee5y Long, Mai Th\u1ea3o, Chu T\u1eed! Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u2018h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n\u2019 nh\u1eafc qua v\u1ec1 v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t-Nam h\u1ea3i-ngo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: "th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch, tr\u01a1 tr\u1ebdn, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau nh\u1edb qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn di t\u1ea3n<\/i>" (18)!<\/p>\n Th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3y ra tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean Talawas, t\u1edd Thanh Ni\u00ean<\/i> trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 30-5-2008, \u0111\u0103ng tin "T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam: Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn" – th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua bu\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, in, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00f4m 29-5 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i, khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng do Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho ph\u00e9p<\/i>, \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft "\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadt Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n) kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/i>". Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y h\u00e3y c\u00f2n th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, v\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f4ng khai th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn – l\u1ea1i \u2018\u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed9i\u2019 cho "Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam", d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n 30 n\u0103m ‘\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi’, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t-Nam v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ‘glasnost’ v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con sinh \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi perestroika v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng! Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t c\u1eaft b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh (Nh\u1edb Ngh\u0129 Chi\u1ec1u H\u00f4m<\/i>), Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea, L\u00fd Qu\u00fd Chung, v.v., hay nh\u1eefng th\u01a1 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 sau khi m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean (Di C\u1ea3o Th\u01a1<\/i>), Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1ea3i (\u0110i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t), v.v. ?<\/p>\n Chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed1t s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1ee5c-\u0111\u00edch "\u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed5" v\u0103n-h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 ai c\u00f2n l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, lo l\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gieo nghi ng\u1edd, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00ean \u0111i l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed, qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 "v\u0103n-h\u00f3a m\u00e1c-L\u00ea" kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c-\u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng? Hay s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt? V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn-\u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi h\u1eadu-chi\u1ebfn-tranh-l\u1ea1nh (perestroiska 1985, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Berlin, Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n 1989), trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i "\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi" d\u00f9 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 c\u0169, ph\u1ea3i "c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i" v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, d\u00f9 c\u1edfi r\u1ed3i tr\u00f3i nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eadt, kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c-gia to\u00e0n-tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n-ph\u1ea9m in ra b\u1ecb thu h\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i in l\u00e9n, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng in s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang "ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i" l\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng d\u1ecbch-l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, khi ra ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, b\u00f4i x\u00f3a v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc "ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi M\u1ef9 Ng\u1ee5y" l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea7m h\u1ed3i sinh, t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfc cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. <\/i>V\u00e0o Nam, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Thu H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y!<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t-Nam v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 b\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft b\u1edb, c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n C\u1edfi Tr\u00f3i v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1986, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1990<\/b>, c\u00f4ng an c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft b\u1edb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Nh\u01b0 Phong L\u00ea V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfn, H\u1ed3 Nam, Ph\u1ea1m Th\u00e1i Th\u1ee7y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c L\u1ec7, T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean, c\u00f9ng \u0110o\u00e0n Vi\u1ebft Ho\u1ea1t, d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1eadu, v.v.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n Nam b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng "thua tr\u1eadn" \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 tr\u00e1t tro b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f9ng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi "c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng" nay vi\u1ebft H\u1ed3i-k\u00fd<\/i> ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ecf h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn. S\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb! T\u1eeb 1988, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1eebng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau!). Nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp t\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn V\u0103n-H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 XX: nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd-lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed <\/i>do \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c in n\u0103m 2004 (971 tr.) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 "th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn" v\u00e0i v\u1ecb \u1edf h\u1ea3i-ngo\u1ea1i, th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i-ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u00e0i khuynh-h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u1edbi! V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd! D\u00f9 sao, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Nh\u00ecn L\u1ea1i M\u1ed9t Ch\u1eb7ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng V\u0103n-H\u1ecdc<\/i> (Nxb TPHCM, 2000) c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu T\u00e1. Theo t\u1eadp n\u00e0y th\u00ec trong 21 n\u0103m (1954-1975), ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng th\u00e2n C\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai ch\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat qu\u1ed1c-gia ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, k\u1ebft \u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu T\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o … s\u1eed, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u00f5 H\u1ed3ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n, Phan Du, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Kim Tu\u1ea5n, v.v. ho\u1eb7c "l\u00f4i k\u00e9o" r\u1ea5t ph\u1edbt qua nh\u01b0 B\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean L\u1ed9c, Nh\u1eadt Ti\u1ebfn (tr. 96)!<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam C\u1ed9ng-h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham kh\u1ea3o, l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng khai tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u0169 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1o v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng L\u00ea Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Chi (T\u00e2m T\u00ecnh V\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 S\u0129 – <\/i>nh\u1eefng ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tr\u00ean B\u00e1ch Khoa<\/i> v\u00e0 Tin S\u00e1ch<\/i> th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u2018hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh\u2019 l\u1ea1i), Th\u1ebf Phong (k\u00fd Th\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt), Hu\u1ef3nh Phan Anh (Kh\u00f4ng Gian V\u00e0 Kho\u1ea3nh Kh\u1eafc V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i> tuy\u1ec3n tr\u00edch l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eeb hai t\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i m\u1edbi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c), v.v. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng Cao Tho\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u (B\u1ea3n Th\u1ea3o M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1eddi<\/i>, 1991), Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1eafc S\u01a1n (\u0110\u1eddi Nh\u01b0 M\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 Th\u01a1 \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i> 1995), Huy T\u01b0\u1edfng (H\u1ecfi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f9ng M\u00e2y Tr\u1eafng<\/i>,..), Tr\u1ea7n Dz\u1ea1 L\u1eef (H\u00e1t D\u1ea1o B\u00ean Tr\u1eddi<\/i> 1995 v\u00e0 G\u1ecdi T\u00ecnh B\u00ean S\u00f4ng<\/i> 1997), Ngy H\u1eefu (Th\u1ecb Tr\u1ea5n Kh\u00f4<\/i>), v.v. C\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 g\u1eedi t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m ra ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn "t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m" c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u01a1 theo c\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng v\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u sau 1975. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec "ch\u00e2n dung" nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c!<\/p>\n K\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng-h\u00f2a t\u1eebng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea1i, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Th\u1ebf Uy\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, th\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng, truy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean L\u1ed9c, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Th\u1ee5y V\u0169, Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh, Ph\u00f9ng Th\u0103ng,… C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n-h\u00f3a d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 trang tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Kim \u0110\u1ecbnh, Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c,… G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, cu\u1ed1i 2014, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 L\u1ee5c Ch\u00e2u H\u1ecdc<\/i> c\u1ee7a GS Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung. Trong b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam, may m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c-gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i-h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p, Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00f2n t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o th\u1eddi VNCH. Th\u1eed h\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng "t\u00ean" th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi (HK) c\u0169 (Ph\u00e1p) gi\u1eef ho\u1eb7c t\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c v\u0103n kh\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0-vi\u1ec7n th\u00ec gia t\u00e0i v\u0103n-h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m sao t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tro t\u00e0n "ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0" th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra?<\/p>\n Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh giao th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, Th\u01b0 Qu\u00e1n B\u1ea3n Th\u1ea3o<\/i> ra m\u1eaft th\u00e1ng 10-2001, Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Th\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 ra c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Y Uy\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n Nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1eafc S\u01a1n, V\u00f5 H\u1ed3ng, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu, L\u00e2m H\u1ea3o D\u0169ng, L\u00e2m V\u1ecb Th\u1ee7y, Tr\u1ea7n Dz\u1ea1 L\u1eef, Do\u00e3n D\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Nho Sa M\u1ea1c, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c S\u01a1n, Khoa H\u1eefu, Nh. Tay Ng\u00e0n, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00f9ng Th\u0103ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1eef,… v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed\/nh\u00f3m \u00dd Th\u1ee9c, B\u00e1ch Khoa, S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o<\/i>, Kh<\/i>\u1edfi H\u00e0nh,<\/i> <\/i>V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1,<\/i> v.v. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac, Th\u01b0 \u1ea4n Qu\u00e1n xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n theo h\u00ecnh-th\u1ee9c book-on-demand, nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 v\u0103n mi\u1ec1n Nam, xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u01a1 tr\u1ebb th\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u 1970 nh\u01b0 L\u1eef Qu\u1ef3nh, Khu\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea9u, Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Ch\u00e2u, T\u1eeb Th\u1ebf M\u1ed9ng, Ph\u1ea1m Cao Ho\u00e0ng, L\u00ea V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7n, Linh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1ec7 Uy\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1eafc S\u01a1n, Ho\u00e0i Khanh, \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ebfn, \u0110\u1eb7ng Kim C\u00f4n, Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Ch\u00e2u, H\u1ea1c Th\u00e0nh Hoa, Ho\u00e0ng Ziang Duy,v.v.; \u0111\u1eb7c-bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eadp ti\u1ec3u-thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn-tranh th\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thanh S\u00e2m (C\u00f5i \u0110\u00e1 V\u00e0ng, <\/i>2011).<\/p>\n \u1ede trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb "Ng\u1ee5y, M\u1ef9 Ng\u1ee5y, b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi, v.v." d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o hay lo s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3n-kh\u00e1ng. "Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n" M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0103n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, phao qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1! T\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u0103ng \u0110\u00e0n n\u00f3i trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb V\u0103n-h\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi M\u1ef9 \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/i> ra V\u0103n-h\u00f3a V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Nam Vi\u00eat Nam, 1954-1975<\/i> khi t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1993 v\u00e0 2000 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch … "nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng"!<\/p>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch C\u1edfi tr\u00f3i v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1ef1-do tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 "giao-l\u01b0u, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1"! T\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Nguy\u00ean Sa, Duy\u00ean Anh, T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean,… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u0103ng \u0110\u00e0n,\u2026 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00f4m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9! Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u0103ng \u0110\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 "ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh" c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi xi\u00ean x\u1ecf l\u00e0 "b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m", "t\u1eafc t\u1ecb", "qu\u00e1i thai", "h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm qu\u00e1i g\u1edf", "nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef \u00f4 u\u1ebf t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c th\u00f4 b\u1ec9" (19) <\/i>v\u00e0 "d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i th\u00e2y ma m\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m Xu\u00e2n Thu nh\u00e3 t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean". \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, v\u00ec m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ngay t\u1eeb 1977 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi "chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng" l\u00e9n l\u00fat t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eddi c\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. D\u00f9 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. \u0111e, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u00fa nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, "kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta (CSVN) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m (…) nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0ng v\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n \u0111i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u-thuy\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp th\u01a1 mang n\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec1n tay nhau, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (…) Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c" (20). <\/p>\n Th\u1eadt ra gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u –<\/b> gi\u00e1o-s\u01b0 hay nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 hay \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng-s\u1ea3n, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i chung h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0m theo ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ef1 khoe l\u00e0 \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0103n-h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u0169 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0103n-h\u00f3a theo ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn-tranh Nam-B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nay th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 \u201cv\u0103n-h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/i>\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn-tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 v\u00ec H\u00e0-n\u1ed9i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00fai r\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ch\u1ec9 thu g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (Nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng \u0111ai \u201c\u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi CSVN c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u201cb\u01b0ng bi\u1ec1n\u201c!). C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm\u201d <\/i>t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u201cqu\u1ed1c-gia\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u201cth\u1ef1c d\u00e2n\u201d trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn 1954 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd ng\u00e0n n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb \u2026 t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm? V\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i thi h\u00e0o\u201d c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu, Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u1eebng ng\u1ef1 y\u00ean h\u00e0n \u1edf \u201c\u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 \u0111ang \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed! <\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o-s\u01b0 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ed9i-dung c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tho\u00e1ng <\/b>(t\u1ee9c c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1m b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u1eebng b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u00ean Sa, th\u01a1 truy\u1ec7n Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, nh\u00f3m S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c v\u0103n th\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n sinh, v.v. Nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Mai Nhi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn "kh\u00e1ch quan" h\u01a1n khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 "nh\u00f3m S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o" \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd "mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ‘\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o’, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ‘k\u1ebb s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong th\u01a1 ca'(…). H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ni\u00eam lu\u1eadt, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong th\u01a1 c\u1ea3. R\u1ed3i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9 ‘ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a v\u1ec9a h\u00e8’ c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp d\u1ecb. (…) \u0110\u00fang th\u00f4i, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc S\u00e0i G\u00f2n g\u1eb7p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u1edf quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9..<\/i>." (21). B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan h\u01a1n n\u1eefa! Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cv\u0103n-h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/i>\u201d hay \u1edf \u201ctrong khu b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm\u201d<\/i> – nh\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Anh c\u00f3 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t-b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u1ecdc \u1ede \u0110\u00f4 Th\u1ecb Mi\u1ec1n Nam 1954-1975<\/i> (H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, 2009) r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1n V\u0103n-H\u1ecdc Nh\u00ecn T\u1eeb V\u0103n-H\u00f3a <\/i>(Thanh ni\u00ean, 2012). \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u0103n th\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u01b0ng bi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n-ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 S\u01a1n Nam, Trang Th\u1ebf Hy, V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh, L\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v.v. m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cnh\u00e0 v\u0103n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam\u201d!<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i chi\u1ebfn-tranh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eafng thua, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n-t\u1ed9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thua, c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e0u th\u00eam kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u! V\u0103n-h\u1ecdc th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eafng thua, n\u00f3i th\u1eafng thua l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea3n k\u1ef3 b\u00e0y ra, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u! V\u0103n-h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf hay m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebfu thua! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady thi\u1ec3n ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n hy v\u1ecdng v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n-h\u00f3a – kh\u00f3, v\u00ec l\u00e0m v\u0103n-h\u00f3a th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i v\u0103n-h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3! Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfu th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng!<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ch\u00fa-th\u00edch<\/u>:<\/p>\n 13- "Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam". Hai M\u01b0\u01a1i N\u0103m V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/i> (Westminster, CA: V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7. 1986), tr. 128-135.<\/p>\n 14- "Ngh\u0129 V\u1ec1 Th\u01a1, Truy\u1ec7n 1974". B\u00e1ch Khoa<\/i>, Xu\u00e2n \u1ea4t M\u00e3o 1975, tr. 27.<\/p>\n 15- Tr\u00edch V\u0103n H\u00f3a V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 Mi\u1ec1n Nam D\u01b0\u1edbi Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 M\u1ef9 Ng\u1ee5y<\/i>. H\u00e0-N\u1ed9i: V\u0103n H\u00f3a, 1977, tr. 8.<\/p>\n 16- X. Thanh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ho\u00e0ng. \u201c\u0110\u00eam sa \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c\u201d. Ngu\u1ed3n <\/i>CA, 52, 6-2011, tr. 43-52.<\/p>\n 17- H\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t<\/i> CA, 20-11-2012.<\/p>\n