{"id":3461,"date":"2009-01-24T01:05:00","date_gmt":"2009-01-24T01:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/3461"},"modified":"2022-02-23T11:06:35","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T11:06:35","slug":"so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/3461\/so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-4","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 Th\u1ea3o: B\u00e0i S\u1eed Kh\u00e1c Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam* \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4"},"content":{"rendered":"

CH\u01af\u01a0NG IV:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG \u0110\u01afA \u0110\u1ebeN \u0110\u1ed8C L\u1eacP<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ef3 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 Tu\u1ef3 tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i (29 n\u0103m, 589-618) nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c sau nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n li n\u00ean l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e0n b\u1edd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cai tr\u1ecb v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0 cho nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp theo, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1eeb trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng li khai ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

An ninh c\u1ee7a Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng c\u00f2n nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Tu\u1ef3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00e2m \u1ea4p, n\u01a1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1eebng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n y\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n ra ph\u00eda b\u1eafc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. Ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n L\u00e2m \u1ea4p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a b\u00e1u l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn tai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, vua T\u00f9y li\u1ec1n sai L\u01b0u Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u01b0\u01a1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Hoan Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1o H\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ckinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d \/ \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh L\u00e2m \u1ea4p. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VI, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Champa kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e1 M\u0129 S\u01a1n ghi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi Sambhuvarman m\u00e0 t\u00ean H\u00e1n l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u1ea1n Ch\u00ed \/ Ph\u1ea1m Ch\u00ed, v\u00e0 t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00eam tr\u00ean bia Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p (668). Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp xa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f9ng chung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p \u1edf M\u0129 S\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00fac h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vua to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Champa. Do s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac lan xa n\u00ean l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean C\u1ef1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0<\/em> cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y nay, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Tr\u00e0ng An: \u201cTh\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, Khai Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 12 (724), vua t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 Th\u00e1i S\u01a1n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo… trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Nh\u1eadt Nam, c\u00e0 r\u0103ng,<\/em> x\u00e2m tr\u00e1n…\u201d<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u1ea1n Ch\u00ed, chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4 Sinhapura tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng thung l\u0169ng Thu B\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n nay, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ebft d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (605). Th\u00e1i th\u00fa Giao Ch\u00e2u Kh\u00e2u Ho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ef3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn t\u00edch, thu l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00eda nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u00e0u nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3,\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ed1ng ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Sambhuvarman (+629) khi \u00f4ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Tr\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7u, t\u00e1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1n Bhadravarnan \u1edf M\u0129 S\u01a1n b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con ch\u00e1u \u00f4ng (Ph\u1ea1m Tr\u1ea5n Long \/ Prabhasadharma +645) ti\u1ebfp theo. Khi Tu\u1ef3 m\u1ea5t, Ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n, cai tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n 60 n\u0103m. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng theo th\u1eddi gian thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng danh x\u01b0ng An Nam \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 t\u1eeb 679 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau, ri\u00eang t\u1eeb \u201cAn Nam\u201d v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch v\u1edf (An Nam s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em> 1920 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim), trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945.<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 622, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, chia nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ec1 cai tr\u1ecb cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ean huy\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb qu\u1eadn \u2013 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u1eadn: huy\u1ec7n Giao Ch\u1ec9, huy\u1ec7n C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n, v\u00e0 t\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2u, c\u00f3 khi mang t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 du, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1eddi l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm r\u1ed3\u00ed l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111i khi co r\u00fat quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 200 l\u1ecb s\u1edf m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng B\u00ecnh (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay) coi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, s\u00f4ng M\u00e3, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng C\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u01a1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u ki mi c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 28 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u1ed1ng B\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 t\u1eed-th\u00e0nh (th\u00e0nh con – 618) c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e2u Ho\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng N\u1ecbnh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00e2n, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c la th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea1i la th\u00e0nh \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII, IX r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ean ri\u00eang cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, s\u00e2u s\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean cao g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c. Tuy l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u00f4ng quan nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t nh\u01b0 L\u01b0 T\u1ed5 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111i nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0y c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0ng \u00fd \u0111i ph\u00eda nam ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 e ng\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c cho th\u1ea5y tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1eefng tin n\u01a1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan to trong tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 hai anh em h\u1ecd Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 C\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nho s\u0129, c\u1ef1u quan ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y th\u00eam c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u sinh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, v\u1eeba v\u00ec l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p k\u1ebb \u201cc\u00f3 ch\u1eef,\u201d v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf u u\u1ea5t b\u1ecb x\u00f4 l\u1ec7ch b\u00ean l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i th\u1ec9nh kinh, truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u00f4i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o m\u00e0 An Nam, L\u00e2m \u1ea4p \/ Ho\u00e0n V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1edf ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 An Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o gh\u00ecm gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u1ecfi thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi v\u00ec ngay ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd, tuy n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai t\u1ef1 d\u01b0ng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n thao t\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba An Nam c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1eabn d\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1n n\u0103m 687 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 L\u01b0u Di\u00ean H\u1ef1u b\u1eaft c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00ed thay v\u00ec n\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda thu\u1ebf theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i H\u00e1n, nay ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00eau l\u00ed do nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 suy t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ed3i \u1edf xa v\u1eabn b\u00e1m gi\u1eef theo th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Di\u00ean H\u1ef1u v\u1ed1n t\u1eebng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u01b0u t\u00fa d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ed T\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb. Thu\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u, quy\u1ec1n \u00e2n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nay vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ee7 thu\u1ebf d\u00f9 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi tay m\u00e0 h\u1ecd bao b\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf thay. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng hay c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. Di\u00ean H\u1ef1u gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u l\u00e0 L\u00ed T\u1ef1 Ti\u00ean. D\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0110inh Ki\u00ean v\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh gi\u1ebft \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb Qu\u1ebf Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edbi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecd<\/em>, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 H\u00e1n. L\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c-H\u00e1n ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef m\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n d\u00f2ng theo l\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch H\u00e1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ee5 t\u1eed li\u00ean danh\u201d \u2013 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean cha l\u00e0m h\u1ecd con, v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Chi\u1ebfu kho\u1ea3ng 823-859, c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 ng\u00e0y nay trong t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c \u1edf v\u00f9ng x\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a M\u00ea Linh. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong l\u00ed do c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e2m Di\u00ean hay trong s\u1edb c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebft T\u1ed5ng. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 b\u00ean tr\u00ean mu\u1ed1n theo th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c quan, d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn cai tr\u1ecb m\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u1ed1 kho\u00e1c cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ecd\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ee3p th\u1eddi,\u201d \u201cti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.\u201d C\u00f2n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII, tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m bia 1210, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ru\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n: \u201cth\u1eb1ng\u201d H\u00e0m, \u201cth\u1eb1ng\u201d Ch\u1ea1y, \u201cth\u1eb1ng\u201d T\u1ea1o… Cho n\u00ean tuy h\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t sau n\u00e0y mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p s\u00edt sao Trung Hoa nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n. Quan ch\u1ee9c Trung Hoa g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c-H\u00e1n l\u00e0 L\u00ed, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh ra h\u1ecd L\u00ed \u2013 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p dua n\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd \u201cl\u1edbn\u201d. Cu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1n L\u00ed T\u1ef1 Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u201cl\u00ed h\u1ed9\u201d (d\u00e2n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 trong l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m), th\u00ec b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111en, l\u00ea d\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh h\u1ecd L\u00ea. H\u1ecd Phan t\u1eeb t\u00ean g\u1ecdi phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cphi\u00ean\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u201cchi\u1ec1ng\u201d s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, Phan chuy\u1ec3n qua Ph\u1ea1m, hay Ph\u1ea1m l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00e2m kham\/cam c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n qua Vi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh C\u1ea7m, Ph\u1ea1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0110inh trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i ng\u00e0y nay, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u0103m 687 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ebft quan \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110inh Ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cd\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3ng,\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u l\u00e0 L\u00ed T\u1ef1 Ti\u00ean h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n th\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u00f2n mang th\u00eam d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady n\u0103m 722 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00ean H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Mai Th\u00fac Loan \/ Th\u00fac Y\u00ean \/ L\u1eadp Th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng khi mu\u1ed1n minh ch\u1ee9ng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 H\u1eafc \u0110\u1ebf \u2013 hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u s\u1eafc m\u00e0u th\u00e2n x\u00e1c: \u0111en<\/em>. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ebb loi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t danh v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Cho n\u00ean Mai Th\u00fac Loan x\u01b0ng \u201c\u0111en\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb chi\u00eau t\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd, mang m\u00e0u da r\u1ea1m n\u1eafng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o. Qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 khoa \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng t\u00edch t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 L\u00e2m \u1ea4p, Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p hay xa l\u1ea1: Kim L\u00e2n (mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ea1-Mi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c?) ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n lan v\u1ec1 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng M\u00e9kong to\u1ea3 r\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00e2u Hoan bao quanh qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf \u0111\u00f4ng nam t\u1ec9nh l\u1ecb H\u00e0 T\u0129nh tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. Mai Th\u00fac Loan th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp L\u00e2m \u1ea4p th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n, v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Hoan Di\u1ec5n tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng, ch\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh trong tranh ch\u1ea5p nam b\u1eafc su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadm m\u00e0u H\u00e1n ho\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u00f4i k\u00e9o b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u1ea4n ho\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed1i Trung Hoa to l\u1edbn, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ghi nh\u1eadn: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 Tri\u1ec7u X\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p Ph\u00f9ng An (791), con Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng. Danh v\u1ecb \u201c(bi\u00ean kh\u1ed1) di t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d (t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ecdi) mang \u00fd khinh mi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng \u201cquan lang\u201d l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eafm v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho h\u1ecd gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ch\u1ed1n bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00ean \u0110\u1ed7 Anh H\u00e0n m\u00e0 s\u1eed B\u1eafc cho l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, theo Tri\u1ec7u X\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn cho H\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e2m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, danh hi\u1ec7u B\u1ed1 C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng (hay Vua C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, theo K.W. Taylor) c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed xa \u0111\u1eddi. H\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t v\u00ec bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n con ch\u00e1u n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e2m nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n u linh t\u1eadp<\/em> d\u1eabn Tri\u1ec7u X\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ed7 Anh H\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng qu\u00ea v\u1edbi Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed7 Anh H\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1i chu\u00f4ng (\u201cchu\u00f4ng Thanh Mai\u201d) \u0111\u00fac n\u0103m 798, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u00ean phong Binh m\u00e3 s\u1ee9, t\u1eebng l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c1i, coi qu\u00e2n ch\u00e2u Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00f9ng Hoa L\u01b0). Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 798, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf chu\u00f4ng Thanh Mai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ean tr\u00ean chu\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 Anh H\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c: \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ed3n Th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c1i th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau b\u1ecb \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 L\u00ed Tr\u00e1c gi\u1ebft, s\u1eed ghi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Man\u201d v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi ch\u00e2u \u00c1i. N\u0103m 819, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh n\u1ed5i d\u1eady gi\u1ebft \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Man,\u201d sau khi lui qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y h\u1eadu c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cMan L\u1ea1o,\u201d ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u1eddi. Thanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i th\u1ee9 s\u1eed ch\u00e2u Hoan. T\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Man l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c quan l\u1edbn \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 n\u1eefa, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 Anh S\u00e1ch, Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng (780-804). L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ean h\u1ecd g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng: \u0110\u1ed7 Anh H\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n th\u1ed5. L\u00ea T\u1eafc (An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c)<\/em> thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec7n Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh Chi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 Anh S\u00e1ch (Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201ckhe \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9 An Nam B\u00f9i H\u00e0nh L\u1eadp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi quan ch\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u201cb\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c\u201d trong t\u1ea7m tay sinh s\u00e1t. Trong khi \u0110\u1ed7 Anh S\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 th\u00ec Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh Chi c\u1ee9 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 theo cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00ecnh, theo m\u1ed9t phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 quan Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u201ct\u1eafm l\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1.\u201d \u201cT\u1eafm\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi v\u0103n ho\u00e1, m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 ta c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ra\u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t Ban M\u00ea Thu\u1ed9c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, hay n\u1eb1m trong du k\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1t Quan ghi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII \u1edf Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e0ng sau c\u00e2u n\u00f3i ng\u00e0y nay t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f9a b\u1ee1n: \u201cC\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng h\u1ebft t\u1ed9i.\u201d \u0110\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u00eam n\u1eefa l\u00e0 khi quan Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i th\u00ec cho tr\u1ea3 th\u00e2y v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c thay th\u1ebf,<\/em> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n th\u1ed5 trong gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ecdn l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i. V\u1eady l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n theo cung c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng quan l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i hay trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 An Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng suy y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng to r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda nam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n x\u00ea x\u00edch gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0nh S\u01a1n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9ng Tu\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII th\u00ec v\u00ec b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u1edf T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i ra \u0111\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0nh S\u01a1n. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Ch\u00e0m \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, v\u00f9ng Kauthara (Nha Trang) v\u00e0 Panduranga (Phan Rang), v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean bia \u1edf Phan Rang, l\u00e0 \u201cvua t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Champa\u201d hay tr\u00ean bia n\u0103m 875 \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam) ghi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb vua g\u1ed1c ph\u00eda nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy c\u1eed l\u00e0m \u201cvua duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc… cai tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Champa.\u201d Th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y, s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n V\u01b0\u01a1ng (750) v\u1edbi kinh \u0111\u00f4 Virapura \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 trong kho\u1ea3ng v\u00f9ng Phan Rang ng\u00e0y nay, theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap cho Mai Th\u00fac Loan n\u1ed5i d\u1eady (722). T\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n theo ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (\u201cho\u00e0n\u201d), t\u1eadp trung th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0o tay m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i B\u1eafc c\u00f2n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Sailendra \u1edf Java. S\u1eed c\u00f2n ghi vi\u1ec7c n\u0103m 767, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4n L\u00f4n, Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0 (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 Giao Ch\u00e2u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh tan tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 du ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5. Bia Th\u00e1p B\u00e0 (Nha Trang) 774 ghi vi\u1ec7c vua Satyavarman \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i \u201cb\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n t\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 \u201cnh\u00e0 \u1edf\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n, mang \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea7n (kosa) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u0103m 784 t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Yan Pu Nagara \/ B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa X\u1ee9, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang N\u1eef th\u1ea7n X\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Champa.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng giao ti\u1ebfp qua bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t xa \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1eed nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0169 n\u1eef tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 th\u1edd Tr\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1eef tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u01a1i c\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 ta cho l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c apsara Kampuchia trong khung c\u1ea3nh chung, nh\u1ecf nh\u1eafn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn v\u00fa v\u00ea tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu \u1ea4n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0169 n\u1eef Tr\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7u r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc, thon th\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Hi L\u1ea1p l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i. C\u00e1nh tay d\u00e0i h\u01a1i th\u1eeba nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m to\u00e1t ra \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i to\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u1edf m\u1eabu \u1ea4n m\u00e0 h\u1eb3n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 808, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Chu l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng La Th\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i La, khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n, thu\u1ef7 binh to l\u1edbn. N\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 Ho\u00e0n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ebft con vua khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i lui v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 Chu c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh lu\u1ef9 ph\u00eda nam, c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1i, Hoan. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 s\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb Chu d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf v\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0n V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc uy th\u1ebf l\u00ean cao c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Harivarman I, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1nh Giao Ch\u00e2u n\u0103m 808 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y \u201cman Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. C\u00e1c bia \u1edf Po Nagar 813 v\u00e0 817 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng bia kh\u00e1c cho bi\u1ebft Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Ho\u00e0n V\u01b0\u01a1ng hai l\u1ea7n l\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1nh Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Harivarman \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Po Nagar. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi vua k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 ta bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i: 854, th\u00ec ng\u00f4i vua chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ph\u00eda b\u1eafc: Indravarman II v\u1edbi kinh \u0111\u00f4 Indrapura \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam) c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i coi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bia n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n (Sangha), Lokesvara (Quan \u00c2m), v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn x\u00e2y ngay trong th\u00e0nh (875) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nay c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 859, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ghi v\u00e0o bia \u0111\u00e1, thay cho Ho\u00e0n V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed1i lo c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba An Nam l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Nam Chi\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng t\u00e2y nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c mang danh x\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, g\u1ecdi theo phi\u00ean \u00e2m H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u201cchi\u1ebfu\u201d, nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y ta g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng \u201cchi\u00eau\u201d, \u201cch\u1eadu\u201d, \u201cchao\u201d tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng L\u00e0o Th\u00e1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong d\u00f2ng s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i xu\u00f4i nam tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, tuy b\u1ecb ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi Cao Bi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u00e2m th\u1ea7m m\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t. Trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng, Nam Chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u201cTh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o Giao Ch\u00e2u \/ An Nam. Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1c \u0110\u00f4ng (nay l\u00e0 C\u00f4n Minh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y n\u0103m 765, \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u0103m 781, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00f4, \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh, th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Nam Chi\u1ebfu. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 846, Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9 B\u00f9i Nguy\u00ean H\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh Nam Chi\u1ebfu tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng. Ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u mu\u1ed1i m\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 L\u00ed Tr\u00e1c (kho\u1ea3ng 847-859) ch\u00e8n \u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du bu\u00f4n ng\u1ef1a li\u00ean v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u Nam Chi\u1ebfu. B\u00ean trong Tr\u00e1c l\u1ea1i gi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ed3n Th\u00e0nh, t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ee9 s\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c1i (ch\u1eafc l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0 l\u1eafm v\u00ec t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c ch\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean n\u0103m 798). Tr\u00e1c l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y n\u00ean L\u00ed Do D\u1ed9c \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00f4 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng Nam Chi\u1ebfu. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm li\u00ean mi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nam Chi\u1ebfu tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n b\u00ean trong ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 v\u00ec c\u00e1ch x\u1eed tr\u00ed v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. N\u0103m 858, lo\u1ea1n d\u00e2n v\u1edbi 30000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u1edb \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ed3n Th\u00e0nh b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, cho n\u00ean hai n\u0103m sau, \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 L\u00ed H\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i gi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u1ee7 Tr\u1eebng, con Th\u00e0nh. Nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i danh v\u1ecb cho Th\u00e0nh, xin l\u1ed7i h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed7 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng Nam Chi\u1ebfu khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n qu\u00e2n m\u00e0 La Th\u00e0nh v\u1eabn b\u1ecb v\u00e2y, b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm (863). Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee5c, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa, c\u00f2n trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00ec n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u201cph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn\u201d tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a B\u00ec Nh\u1eadt H\u01b0u k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i L\u00ed Tr\u00e1c, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan tri\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed Cao Bi\u1ec1n l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111ang ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, v\u1ec1 kinh l\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. C\u0169ng v\u1eabn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, ganh gh\u00e9t c\u00f4ng tr\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Bi\u1ec1n gi\u1ebft qu\u00e2n Nam Chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh, chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c An Nam (866), t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb th\u1eadt ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ecba. Cao Bi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o ng\u00e0y nay \u0111em ra so s\u00e1nh. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb, Cao Bi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn 159 h\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9. N\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ecb, \u00f4ng x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Chi\u1ebfu d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a L\u00ed C\u00f4ng U\u1ea9n n\u0103m 1010, nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u201cr\u1ed3ng cu\u1ed9n h\u1ed5 ng\u1ed3i\u201d c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i La, \u0111\u00f4 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Cao V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u201cn\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4 kinh s\u01b0 m\u00e3i mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u00ed. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n gian kh\u1ed5, n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0o k\u00eanh, m\u1edf th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 sau ph\u00f2ng khi Giao Ch\u00e2u b\u1ecb nguy kh\u1ed1n. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho nam Trung Hoa (v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam) v\u00e0 Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda nam xa h\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn v\u1ecbnh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Giao H\u1ea3i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XI, XII. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft linh thi\u00eang nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. Cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1 khai th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 khi\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec1n n\u1ed5i danh c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 T\u0129nh H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng ph\u00f9 thu\u1ef7 cao tay \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n n\u1eefa. Quy\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n u linh t\u1eadp<\/em> mang \u0111\u1ea7y d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng quan \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 thu\u1ef7 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau khi \u00f4ng ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i La. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng \u201cc\u1ee1i di\u1ec1u gi\u1ea5y bay kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01a1i ph\u00e1 huy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eb7n long m\u1ea1ch\u201d ph\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 An Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, thu\u1ebf kho\u00e1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ef1c s\u00e2u s\u00e1t v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 sau. M\u1eabu ti\u1ec1n Khai nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 7, 800 tr\u0103m n\u0103m, t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d \u0111i theo ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay trong khi \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n \/ Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean: Won<\/em>, Nh\u1eadt: Yen<\/em> l\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u201cnguy\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Nguy\u00ean, Minh v\u1ec1 sau, t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1c. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 sau: \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 160 \u0111\u1ebfn 540 h\u1ed9, t\u1eeb 40 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e3, 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u x\u00e3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1eb7t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch th\u00ec ch\u1eafc r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfu ta so s\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng th\u1edd \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Quan B\u00edch. M\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u01b0u t\u00fa c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lai, d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean b\u1eadc thang quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nhanh nh\u1eb9n, may m\u1eafn. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sau khi\u1ebfn cho trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 thu gom l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c ra \u0111i. Cho n\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9\u201d h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4, c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110inh \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c ph\u1ee7 nha (nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c Nha<\/em> n\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110inh Li\u1ec5n khi \u201ctranh quan<\/em>…\u201d v\u1edbi em). C\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9\u201d dai d\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, co l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV, n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1edf trung ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng ki mi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u00e0 b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp c\u1ee7a ph\u00f9 sa tuy ch\u1eadt v\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 sau, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 \u1edf ngay trung t\u00e2m giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ch\u0103t ch\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i thu h\u00fat c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n xung quanh mu\u1ed1n tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng: nh\u00f3m l\u01b0u vong L\u00ed t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t M\u00e2n mang tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh lu\u00e2n l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c M\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa L\u01b0, nh\u00f3m t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea3n Tr\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc giang h\u1ed3, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng ngo\u1eaft ngo\u00e9o h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i b\u1ecb ch\u1eadn ngay tr\u00ean r\u00eca \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng men theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc, l\u1ea1i lu\u1ed3n qua c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam, qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7ng, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u00ea, Tr\u1ecbnh, Nguy\u1ec5n…<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m linh, Vi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n u linh t\u1eadp<\/em> c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV cho th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 sau. C\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng, th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho n\u01a1i v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u0103ng Long. C\u00f3 khu ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh mang t\u00ean Long \u0110\u1ed7 \/ B\u1ee5ng R\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt \u00f4ng quan \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9, \u201cb\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u\u201d s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a quan ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 (nh\u01b0 Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u00f9 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp cho Cao Bi\u1ec1n tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y uy danh.) C\u00f3 nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 sau n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n x\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9: \u201cT\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u1ea7n Ti\u1ec1n L\u00ed\u201d tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 uy danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n. D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Nam \u00c1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi nay b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn (s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u00f9ng cao, v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p, v\u1eadt tr\u00ean n\u00fai v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n…) \u00edt ra th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ghi nh\u1eadn (T\u0103ng C\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi truy\u1ec7n Cao L\u1ed7, S\u01a1n Tinh Thu\u1ef7 Tinh.) \u00dd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 b\u00e1m v\u00edu t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 sau b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft m\u1edbi. T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch L\u0129nh Nam ch\u00edch qu\u00e1i,<\/em> n\u01a1i truy\u1ec7n H\u1ed3 tinh, cho th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i Tr\u1eafng \u201cB\u1ea1ch Y man\u201d s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb n\u00fai T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean lan xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn h\u1ed3 T\u00e2y v\u1edbi t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p h\u00f4n bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 th\u1eddi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u00e1o\u201d trong t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 c\u00fang th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a lang \u0111\u1ea1o Th\u00e1i chen v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u201cd\u1ecbch ph\u1ee5c\u201d c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00f3ng. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp Th\u00e1i sau nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a Nam Chi\u1ebfu c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sau th\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u201cman\u201d th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c to r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u201cman\u201d tr\u00ean ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 nh\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Trung nguy\u00ean l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbch (\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi B\u1ea1ch C\u01b0 D\u1ecb, H\u00e0n D\u0169…) \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u201cNh\u1eadt Nam t\u0103ng\u201d h\u1ecfi th\u0103m nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u201cMan ng\u1eef.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, ch\u1eef n\u00e0o \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngay \u1edf t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u01b0u th\u1ebf n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, qua v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung gian c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, n\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o s\u1eafc th\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eabu qu\u1ed1c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 X.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb li khai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef cho s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu lu\u1ef5 v\u00ec lo\u1ea1n bi\u00ean tr\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 huy \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y mang danh hi\u1ec7u Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft suy y\u1ebfu m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1n An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Minh Ho\u00e0ng (713-755). Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i g\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed1i lo v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh m\u00e3i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i T\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp theo. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u1ef1c nam, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ba Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9: m\u1ed9t \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2y L\u0129nh Nam, v\u00e0 T\u0129nh H\u1ea3i Qu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t An nam, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean giao cho Cao Bi\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m (866). S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Cao Bi\u1ec1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 v\u00ec lo\u1ea1n Ho\u00e0ng S\u00e0o (879-884) c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u00f2i cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t An Nam, g\u00e2y suy s\u1ee5p, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i (907-960): H\u1eadu L\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u1eadu \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, H\u1eadu T\u1ea5n, H\u1eadu H\u00e1n, H\u1eadu Chu, hay l\u00e0 th\u1eddi Th\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam H\u00e1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn An Nam \/ Giao Ch\u00e2u trong vi\u1ec7c tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0ng S\u00e0o, d\u00e2n ph\u1ee7 An Nam n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111u\u1ed5i T\u0103ng C\u1ed5n b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i t\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7m s\u1edf hay ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3ng qua. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t (907), nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean thay th\u00ec danh v\u1ecb Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n T\u0129nh H\u1ea3i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t An Nam, tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u01b0\u01a1ng trao cho L\u01b0u \u1ea8n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi tay h\u1ecd Kh\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: Kh\u00fac Th\u1eeba D\u1ee5 (+907), Kh\u00fac H\u1ea1o (+908), Kh\u00fac Th\u1eeba M\u0129 c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9. Ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, h\u1ecd L\u01b0u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam H\u00e1n ri\u00eang (917) v\u1edbi vua mang t\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 L\u01b0u Cung, sai t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft Kh\u00fac Th\u1eeba M\u0129 (930), chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef An Nam.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p m\u00f9 m\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd Kh\u00fac chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n \u1edf An Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n l\u1edbn, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng v\u1eafng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00ean thay th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i La g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang danh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Kh\u00fac n\u00e0y \u2013 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 Nam H\u00e1n khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft. R\u1ed3i c\u0169ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng v\u1eafng v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Nam H\u00e1n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecd Ki\u1ec1u\/Ki\u1ec3u, h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 b\u00ean l\u1ec1 trung ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u00c1i Ch\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 An Nam l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 theo nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u1ecd Kh\u00fac n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t H\u1ed3ng, v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 du trung ch\u00e2u s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, h\u1ecd Ki\u1ec1u\/Ki\u1ec3u c\u0169ng th\u1ebf tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec9nh tam gi\u00e1c ch\u00e2u. H\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f9ng \u00c1i Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn D\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc. C\u00f2n h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4, \u0110inh m\u00e0 ta nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2u (Ng\u00f4 M\u00e2n ch\u00e2u Phong, \u0110inh C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 ch\u00e2u Hoan) th\u00ec v\u00ec thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 phong ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho n\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng li\u00ean minh l\u1edbn l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh nh\u1ecf, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c. D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh Ngh\u1ec7 \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed L\u00ed Ti\u1ebfn l\u1eabn vi\u1ec7n binh Tr\u1ea7n B\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Nam H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh, x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9, cai tr\u1ecb An Nam. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ri\u00eang ba ng\u00e0n \u201ccon nu\u00f4i\u201d m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u1ec1 sau cho th\u1ea5y D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh An Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u0110\u1ea1i La \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eadm ch\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng. Ki\u1ec3u C\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh Ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u201cnha t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00e2n Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9, l\u00e0 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201cph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i\u201d D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 h\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00edch \u0111u\u1ed5i Nam H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 h\u1ecd n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1eed k\u00ed ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7. Li\u00ean minh h\u1ecd Ki\u1ec3u b\u00f3 g\u1ecdn \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng h\u1eb9p h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean minh Ng\u00f4 D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3 Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u1eabn \u00c1i Ch\u00e2u, cho n\u00ean Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd Ki\u1ec3u, t\u00f3m th\u00e2u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n Nam H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao Ch\u00e2u, t\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi cung c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 ra su\u1ed1t hai th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 t\u1eeb Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Nghi, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Chu \u0111\u1ebfn Cao Bi\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n, h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1eafm c\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 \u0111o C14 th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ecdc g\u1ed7 B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y nay. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Ho\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1o th\u1ea3m b\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp cho \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed mang t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u T\u0129nh H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m Giao (Ch\u00e2u) V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nam H\u00e1n L\u01b0u Cung (938). Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1i La xong, Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 n\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ecb c\u0169 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00ean l\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 canh ch\u1eebng. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 ti th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 c\u0169? V\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i La tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i trong t\u1ea7m s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Nam H\u00e1n so v\u1edbi C\u1ed5 Loa khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u00edt m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh K\u00e9n c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1? D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea1i La c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft co c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u0169 n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1eed quan gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng cho gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng cho ta th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u00ean b\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eadu li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi danh v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh: D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Kha (C\u1eadu\/B\u00e1c Ba h\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 sau, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i n\u0103m 944, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh v\u1ee3 theo th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eabu h\u1ec7, to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 X\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n trong s\u1ed1 n\u0103m anh em c\u00f9ng m\u1eb9. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i sinh ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp \u1edf ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 X\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i n\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ta th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 tan r\u00e3 chen v\u00e0o can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi sau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00f2ng \u00c1t ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00f4 X\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u1eadp, \u0110\u1ed7 C\u1ea3nh Th\u1ea1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd D\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, D\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00e1t L\u1ee3i, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi X\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cCh\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng,\u201d thu th\u1eadp X\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u1eadp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u1edf hai th\u00f4n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft X\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n (965), ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7m binh t\u01b0\u1edbng cho c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i. Lo\u1ea1n \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi hai s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n\u201d b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1i La xong, Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 n\u01a1i ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ecb c\u0169 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00ean l\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 canh ch\u1eebng. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 ti th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 c\u0169? V\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i La tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i trong t\u1ea7m s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Nam H\u00e1n so v\u1edbi C\u1ed5 Loa khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p h\u01a1n … m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh K\u00e9n c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-3461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3461"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71671,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3461\/revisions\/71671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}