{"id":3234,"date":"2009-01-15T01:05:27","date_gmt":"2009-01-15T01:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/3234"},"modified":"2022-02-23T11:06:39","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T11:06:39","slug":"so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/3234\/so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-2","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 Th\u1ea3o: B\u00e0i S\u1eed Kh\u00e1c Cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam* – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

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CH\u01af\u01a0NG II<\/em><\/p>\n

QU\u00c1 KH\u1ee8 XA X\u01afA<\/strong><\/p>\n

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D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX c\u1ee7a E. Dubois v\u1edbi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Java\u201d \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0110N\u00c1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi v\u1edbi R. Leaky. Thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng suy suy\u1ec3n khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc \u1edf Berkeley l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t mtDNA, \u0111i t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (The Search for Eve) c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay (Homo sapiens). Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0110N\u00c1, tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Chu Kh\u1ea9u \u0110i\u1ebfm v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea3o Java \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0i c\u00e1i r\u0103ng, m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m \u1edf Th\u1ea9m Khuy\u00ean (L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n) tuy b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ea nh\u1eb9 \u201cch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a ra chi ti\u1ebft\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Homo erectus trong v\u00f9ng. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p trong ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ef1 chia x\u1ebb vinh d\u1ef1 x\u01b0a c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea9m Khuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 300 000 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft mtDNA \u0111\u01a1n trung t\u00e2m. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft trong kho\u1ea3ng trung gian \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vua H\u00f9ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi H. sapiens \u201cs\u1edbm\u201d \u1edf Hang H\u00f9m (Ho\u00e0ng Li\u00ean S\u01a1n), ng\u01b0\u1eddi H. sapiens \u201cch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh\u201d \u1edf hang K\u00e9o L\u00e8ng (L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n) c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y nay 30000 n\u0103m, r\u1ed3i S\u01a1n Vi \u1edf M\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddm (B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i) 23-18000 n\u0103m, Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh 13000 n\u0103m, B\u1eafc S\u01a1n 10000 n\u0103m c\u00f3 g\u1ed1m th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb qua th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kim kh\u00ed…(hay tu\u1ef3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch th\u1eddi gian) c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n n\u0103m! Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, S\u00f4ng B\u00e9 cho l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi n\u00fai \u0110\u1ecd (Thanh Ho\u00e1), Th\u1ea9m Khuy\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169 \u1edf di ch\u1ec9 Lung Leng (Kontum). D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp basalt \u1edf T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c (Dak Lak) th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 di c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi (?)<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 gh\u00e9p nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u1ea5y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng di ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 ngay ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cHo\u00e0 B\u00ecnh\u201d kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec danh x\u01b0ng kia ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. (Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quy \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00ec nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cHo\u00e0 B\u00ecnh\u201d [\u1edf b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam] mang r\u00ecu \u0111\u00e1 \u0111i kh\u1eafp \u0110N\u00c1, c\u1ee9 th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t-c\u1ed5 \u2013 g\u1ed1c \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng sinh s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u!)<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110N\u00c1 theo hai nh\u00f3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: Austro-asiatic v\u00e0 Austronesian. Gi\u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch hay m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t. D\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Austro-asiatic, c\u00f2n d\u00e2n Ch\u00e0m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Austronesian. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00ec tr\u1eeb l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00f2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a S. Oppenheimer, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00e0n ra h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, c\u00f3 khi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m l\u1ebb t\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung nh\u01b0 ta v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1edfng. L\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Austronesian \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n, k\u1ebb ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p l\u00e0 d\u00e2n Ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u2013 tuy ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n trong khi nh\u00f3m Mon-Khmer Austro-asiatic c\u00f2n \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1n, cho Austronesian tuy c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Nam Trung Hoa nh\u01b0 Austro-asiatic nh\u01b0ng ra h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u00eda \u0110\u00e0i Loan r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng nam, l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m li\u00ean h\u1ec7, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd l\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Austro-asiatic tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t thay th\u1ebf. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c th\u00eam v\u1edbi di ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Lung Leng (2001), huy\u1ec7n Sa Th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Kontum \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t Sa Hu\u1ef3nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed9 chum, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00e0o. Truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Theo s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chung ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m trong ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh Mon-Khmer c\u1ee7a Austro-asiatic. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng di chuy\u1ec3n thu h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1eafc Khu 4 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0y Th\u00e1i c\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u00ecn ra s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn sinh ho\u1ea1t trong v\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 chen v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 \u00e1i ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf d\u00e2n s\u0103n b\u1eafn h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh B\u1eafc S\u01a1n r\u1eddi hang \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 15 m\u00e9t tr\u1edf l\u00ean, xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n danh hi\u1ec7u v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m \u1edf b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3ng 8000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1ng v\u1ecf s\u00f2 d\u00e0y l\u1edbn v\u00f9ng Thanh Ho\u00e1, Ngh\u1ec7 An. L\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ven v\u1ecbnh H\u1ea1 Long 5000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n. N\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i \u0111i theo v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Austro-asiatic v\u00ec khi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ed5 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u00faa. L\u00faa Oryza sativa \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 5000 tCn. \u1edf H\u00e0 M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ec9nh Chi\u1ebft Giang (nam Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang) v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng m\u00e9t th\u00f3c tr\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u00f3c \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda sau thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ec9 II tCn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean, \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu, G\u00f2 Mun, v\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo sinh ho\u1ea1t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u0103n b\u1eafn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i nh\u1eb5n. V\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng trang s\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2u b\u00f2, heo, g\u00e0, ch\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng tre l\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng thau th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 ch\u00ec th\u00ec th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Sinh ho\u1ea1t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft kia nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng hay t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i Lan qua, ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0169.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda sau thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ec9 I tCn. v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00ecu \u0111\u1ed3ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1edd c\u00fang, ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn gi\u1eef t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc th\u00ec tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n khu v\u1ef1c, kh\u1ecfi g\u00e2y n\u00ean tranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lan to\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec uy th\u1ebf v\u0103n minh m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ki\u1ec3u Heger t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ngo\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0, B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng… ng\u00e0y nay, hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb mang ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng V\u00e2n Nam tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t. Danh x\u01b0ng V\u0103n minh \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1ebfu ta ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t chi li h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n cho c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 m\u00e0 nay \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng L\u0129nh Nam c\u1ee7a nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda sau thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ec9 I tCn. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eadt r\u00f5 tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i, h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thi\u00ean di nh\u01b0 khi \u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn \u0111i theo lo\u00e0i chim h\u1eadu \u0111i\u1ec3u \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9 Tri\u1ec7u M\u1ea1t \/ Tri\u1ec7u V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00e1u Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a v\u00ec h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00f4ng chim trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ed n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng h\u01a1n. T\u00ednh s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110i\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng V\u00e2n Nam \u2013 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tranh kh\u1eafc, th\u00eam c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh nhau tr\u00ean ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee1i, c\u00f3 c\u1ecdp leo thang, thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 th\u00f4 v\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 kho t\u00e0ng v\u1ecf s\u00f2 g\u1ed1c bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n… C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ta m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft trung gian nh\u01b0 khi th\u1ea5y th\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00ednh theo t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam (c\u00f3c t\u1eebng ch\u00f9m, ch\u00f3, v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1o), c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu\u1ef3nh thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nay \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec v\u1eeba c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, v\u1eeba ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe tr\u00e2u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Ch\u00e0m c\u0169 th\u00ec c\u0169ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Sa Hu\u1ef3nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9 chum c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh Champa. N\u00f3 mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u1ed1m, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng trang s\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ti\u1ec1n H\u00e1n… V\u00e0 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u1ea5p g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u2013 d\u00f9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng mang s\u1eafc th\u00e1i l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i v\u1edbi Sa Hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. X\u00e9t theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh kho\u1ea3ng 1000 n\u0103m tCn., do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u00f3m Ch\u00e0m g\u1ed1c Malayo-Polynesian l\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eaft n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft. <\/strong>L\u1ed1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t Sa Hu\u1ef3nh l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u1edf Ban Kan Luang tr\u00ean thung l\u0169ng Mun c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00f9ng Tr\u1ea5n Ninh (th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Chum) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chum \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a tro x\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u00eau. C\u00f3 hang \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i thi\u00eau x\u00e1c, tro ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec b\u1ecf v\u00e0o chum \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n tro l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa th\u00ec trong chum \u0111\u00e1. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9 chum l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft qua m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ef1 th\u1ea1ch: menhir \u1edf Hua Pan t\u1eadp trung t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng hay \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, ph\u00eda Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 dolmen Gu\u1ed1c vua Th\u1ee5c \u1edf Cao B\u1eb1ng, \u201cbia \u0111\u00e1\u201d menhir \u1edf L\u00e0o Cai, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, l\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u1edf B\u1eafc Giang, B\u1eafc Ninh (n\u00fai L\u1ea1n Kha)… \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u201cb\u00f3p ch\u1ebft r\u1eafn, c\u1eafn n\u00e1t n\u00fai, h\u00fai s\u1ea1ch r\u1eebng, b\u01b0ng ngang l\u0169,\u201d trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00fap vua H\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng Cao L\u1ed7 gi\u00fap An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng L\u00ed \u00d4ng Tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap vua T\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng Hung N\u00f4, \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e0ng V\u00e0ng \/ \u0110\u00f4 L\u1ed7 \u1edf Thanh H\u00e0, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap L\u00ea \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0nh ch\u1ed1ng T\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng tay kh\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00e1i R\u1ed5 \u0110\u00f3 Kh\u1ed5ng L\u1ed3 (nay l\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Mai, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh), n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00f4ng b\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng L\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Khmer, cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1 Xu\u00e2n L\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i danh, v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o mang d\u1ea5u kh\u1eafc ho\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo tr\u1ed1ng Heger I. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft m\u1ed9 chum \u1edf l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n \u00d3c Eo, tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf, gi\u1ed3ng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3o C\u00f4n S\u01a1n, tr\u00ean T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean theo c\u00e1c khai qu\u1eadt g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9 chum v\u1edbi m\u1ed9 n\u1ed3i v\u00f2 \u00fap nhau tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Trung Qu\u1ed1c… Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb trong \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c. Ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y chum \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng Ch\u00e0m c\u0169 th\u00ec l\u00e0 chum \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a tro c\u1ea3i t\u00e1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai (H\u00e0ng G\u00f2n, Ph\u00fa Ho\u00e0…), \u1edf Gi\u1ed3ng Ph\u1ec7t (B\u00e0 R\u1ecba V\u0169ng T\u00e0u) th\u00ec ch\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong chum \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n \u1edf Ph\u00fa Ch\u00e1nh (B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng) l\u00e0 chum g\u1ed7! Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, Sa Hu\u1ef3nh c\u0169ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eed nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng (g\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y H\u00e1n \u1edf B\u00ecnh Y\u00ean \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n \u1edf Ph\u00fa Ch\u00e1nh.)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Samrong Sen g\u1ea7n Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi + \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Nam B\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Austronesian \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u1ea7ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u1edf B\u00ecnh \u0110a (\u0110\u1ed3ng Nai). Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed3ng thau c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n t\u1edbi theo ng\u1ea3 Th\u00e1i Lan n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng th\u1eadt xa. \u1ede D\u1ed1c Ch\u00f9a b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac r\u00ecu \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng B\u01b0ng B\u1ea1c (B\u00e0 R\u1ecba V\u0169ng T\u00e0u) s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n. N\u00ean m\u1edf ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qua \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n kh\u1eafc d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m v\u00e0 ch\u1eef S r\u1eb1n r\u1ec7n, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 (D\u1ed1c Ch\u00f9a 13 c\u00e1i, Long Giao 18 c\u00e1i \u2013 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn 70 c\u00e1i) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1edf B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Xuy\u00ean (Minh, th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVII) hay L\u00ed T\u00e0i (Thanh, cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII) trong v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng (ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ec1m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7 b\u1ed9) mang \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u00e0ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n khi trong n\u0103m 2006 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu Ru \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t kho qua \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 6, 700 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1edf C\u1ea9m M\u0129, c\u00e1ch Long Giao kho\u1ea3ng 4km. Qua l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u1ebfp v\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n h\u1eb3n h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 L\u00ed T\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng s\u00ecnh l\u1ea7y c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eafng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n h\u1ea1 C\u1eedu Long tuy l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. M\u0169i C\u00e0 Mau \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh cho th\u1ea5y v\u00f9ng H\u1eadu Giang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngang d\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c mang c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00d3c Eo l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu C14 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u01b0 tr\u00fa nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u00e0n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n minh \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t s\u01a1 s\u1eed ph\u00eda B\u1eafc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9c Hoa H\u1ea1 tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u0103n t\u1ef1 H\u00e1n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01a1i n\u00e0y s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c. S\u1eed k\u00ed<\/em> T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean (vi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 104-91 tCn.), H\u00e1n th\u01b0<\/em> (vi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 58-79) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ean L\u1ea1c, Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t, \u00c2u L\u1ea1c, T\u00e2y \u00c2u L\u1ea1c, T\u00e2y \u00c2u, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u… C\u1ef1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0<\/em> (vi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 924-946), ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ecba l\u00ed ch\u00ed d\u1eabn Nam Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00ed<\/em> c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea9m Ho\u00e0i Vi\u1ec5n (vi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 453-456) c\u00f3 t\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u00f9ng h\u1ea7u, H\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1n. C\u00f2n Giao Ch\u00e2u ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ef1c k\u00ed <\/em>g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi Nam Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00ed <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thu\u1ef7 Kinh ch\u00fa<\/em> (515) nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ea1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng, L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u, L\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, L\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec1n, L\u1ea1c d\u00e2n. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i nan gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00f9 \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 S\u1eed k\u00ed, H\u00e1n th\u01b0,<\/em> c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau qua nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eef \u00e2m, do s\u1ef1 m\u00f9 m\u1edd v\u0103n t\u1ef1, c\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft ch\u1eef ng\u1eaft c\u00e2u… khi\u1ebfn cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh s\u1eed gia h\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong khi Giao Ch\u00e2u ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ef1c k\u00ed<\/em> k\u1ec3 ra c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u k\u00ed<\/em> (420-436) l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ea1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f2n c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ct\u00e2y \u00e2u l\u1ea1c\u201d ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 danh kh\u00e1c-H\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh: T\u00e2y \u00c2u L\u1ea1c (m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d), (ph\u00eda) t\u00e2y (l\u00e0) \u00c2u L\u1ea1c, T\u00e2y \u00c2u (v\u00e0) L\u1ea1c (Vi\u1ec7t) r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 co d\u00e3n theo tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia khi\u1ebfn cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 k\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tranh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea7n H\u00e1n n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t, L\u1ea1c nh\u00ecn theo l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m L-\u1ea0-C \u1edf v\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c Hoa H\u1ea1, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c ch\u1eef H\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u00e8n cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u2013 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1n,<\/em> n\u00ean gh\u00e9p L\u1ea1c th\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t (Nam) r\u1ed3i k\u00e9o lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 H\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3, \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh…, c\u00e0ng l\u00fac tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e0ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec lay chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed9c danh, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u1edf S\u1eed k\u00ed, <\/em>ph\u1ea7n \u201cNam Vi\u1ec7t U\u00fd \u0110\u00e0 li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n,\u201d H\u00e1n th\u01b0<\/em> ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00e9p theo v\u00e0 th\u00eam b\u1edbt chi ti\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y th\u00eam r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch phi\u00ean \u00e2m m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb, m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bu\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t tay th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i H\u00e1n ghi v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch, r\u1ed3i qua bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn tai T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean ng\u1ed3i \u1edf L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u0111ang tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng phi\u00eau l\u00e3ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa H\u1ea1 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 V tCn. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u1ebd g\u1ea7n c\u1eadn \u00e2m v\u1eadn n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n chi li h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, li\u1ec1n x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c-H\u00e1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m \u201cVi\u1ec7t\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng, ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean n\u00fai c\u1ee1i voi nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u t\u1eadn b\u00ean trong cao nguy\u00ean V\u00e2n Nam. R\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eb5n n\u00ean l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u00e1n th\u01b0 \u00e2m ngh\u0129a <\/em>cho S\u1eed k\u00ed<\/em> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u201cL\u1ea1c l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea5y\u201d (L\u1ea1c, Vi\u1ec7t d\u00e3). R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft thi\u00ean di c\u1ee7a L. Aurousseau v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n tan r\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e2u Ti\u1ec5n xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng. \u00d4ng \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh tuy b\u00e0i b\u00e1c Aurousseau nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t v\u00f9ng Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi-chim tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch m\u1ed9 Tri\u1ec7u M\u1ea1t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ec3n \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111a t\u1ea1p ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 sau c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1m d\u00e2n L\u1ea1c \u1ea5y l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, suy t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c ngu\u1ed3n tin (n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ru\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp H\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00f4 tem l\u00e0 chim L\u1ea1c (?) hay chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201cl\u00f3\u201d, \u201cl\u00faa\u201d c\u1ea3. Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ngay t\u1eeb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n x\u01b0a, l\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u1ea5y l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng theo n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Hinh l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng theo v\u00f9ng m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n hay \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u1eadp \u2013 v\u00f9ng ru\u1ed9ng m\u00f9a v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng chi\u00eam, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1eed l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. L\u00ed l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nan gi\u1ea3i trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef n\u1eefa. T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp L\u1ea1c l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng theo n\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc ho\u1ea1 tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi sinh ho\u1ea1t nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n gi\u00e3 g\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi sinh ho\u1ea1t s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng lan ra bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng, l\u00ean ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia ng\u00e0y nay. R\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n tin ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb L\u1ea1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n tin v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp H\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1eed gia Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00eau ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u201cL\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1eadu ngoa vi H\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng.\u201d Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p H. Masp\u00e9ro (1918) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u1eef H\u00f9ng l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c vi\u1ebft sai qua, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 L\u1ea1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh V\u0103n Lang l\u00e0 t\u1eeb D\u1ea1 Lang vi\u1ebft l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n qua. E. Gaspardone (1955) th\u00ec l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 H\u00f9ng l\u00e0 hai truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Hinh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o danh x\u01b0ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1a cho quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 V\u0103n minh L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t<\/em> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng hay V\u0103n minh s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng…<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean danh x\u01b0ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, tuy kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n tin ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n, th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1eddi s\u01a1 s\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0m an t\u00e2m c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia \u201cTh\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d ng\u00e0y nay h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em> ghi: \u201c\u0110\u1eddi Trang V\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e0 Chu (696-682 tCn.) \u1edf b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Gia Ninh c\u00f3 d\u1ecb nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt quy ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf V\u0103n Lang, \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 V\u0103n Lang, phong t\u1ee5c thu\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng l\u1ed1i th\u1eaft n\u00fat.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00f4 danh kia l\u1ea5y ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 H\u1ed3 T\u00f4ng Th\u1ed1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t nam th\u1ebf ch\u00ed, Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c<\/em> v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIV n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 18 \u0111\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 An Nam ch\u00ed<\/em> (1419) c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ecb N\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201ccon g\u00e1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u1edf T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n: \u1ede n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u201cc\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a cung L\u1ea1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d Hai ch\u1eef L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 H\u00f9ng do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9 ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng quanh qu\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng H\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c b\u00e1 khi c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb chen v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft s\u1eed li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba cho th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i quanh \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00edt ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea1. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 180 tCn, Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 H\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh M\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, d\u00e2n \u00c2u L\u1ea1c \u1edf tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng! G\u1ea1t sang b\u00ean c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ct\u00e2y \u00e2u l\u1ea1c\u201d r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, c\u1ee9 cho r\u1eb1ng \u00c2u L\u1ea1c Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng nam, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u theo cung c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 x\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu h\u1ecd b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 (M\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0) \u00c2u L\u1ea1c m\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cc\u00f3 ch\u1eef\u201d (H\u00e1n), \u0111\u00e3 tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 may m\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d H\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u nhau ph\u1ea3i qua th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch v\u1edf x\u01b0a. M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, b\u1eaft c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n 300 \u201cc\u1eeb so\u00e1i\u201d \u0111em v\u1ec1 Linh L\u0103ng. G\u1ea7n hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau, s\u1edb Ti\u1ebft T\u1ed5ng d\u00e2ng l\u00ean vua Ng\u00f4 (231) c\u00f2n cho ta bi\u1ebft: \u201c(Giao Ch\u1ec9) s\u00f4ng n\u00fai xa x\u00f4i, t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhau, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u…\u201d V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vua \u0110en Mai Th\u00fac Loan c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p H\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea3o tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Ngh\u1ec7 T\u0129nh nay. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t d\u00f9 s\u1eed gia ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi! Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y hai t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp H\u00f9ng v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00f9ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, minh \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba cao c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef L\u1ea1c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ngay kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 hai t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. L\u1ea1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi r\u1eebng n\u00fai. C\u00f2n H\u00f9ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 L\u1ea1c \u2013 t\u00ean \u201ch\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1n\u201d l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i m\u1ea1nh, <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u1eefng thung l\u0169ng h\u1eb9p, g\u1ea7n r\u1eebng n\u00fai h\u01a1n. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con theo m\u1eb9 l\u00ean n\u00fai c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 r\u01a1i r\u1edbt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u201ch\u00f9ng\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng nam, h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u00ec Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u00c2u L\u1ea1c m\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n H\u00e1n, h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh \u1edf v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5, d\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean r\u1eebng n\u00fai xa, cho thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng ki mi (r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo) v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1. T\u00ean L\u1ea1c, \u00c2u L\u1ea1c, L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quen thu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng, v\u0103n th\u01b0 quan l\u1ea1i H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba danh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Giao Ch\u00e2u g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 H\u1ee3p Ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u00fac h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam. T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bao tr\u00f9m tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00f9ng th\u00ec b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ecf b\u00ean l\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng k\u00ed \u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u201cCung c\u0169 c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng,\u201d l\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a k\u00ed \u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng vua x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (H\u00f9ng), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb (L\u1ea1c) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u201cn\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. H\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t cung \u1ea5y v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u1edf v\u00f9ng di man nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng x\u1eed. \u0110\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t n\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u201cc\u1ed1 cung\u201d \u1ea5y hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u201cqu\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 sau khi c\u00e1c quan cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i mang L\u1ea1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng theo g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n h\u1ecd. H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 uy th\u1ebf h\u01a1n khi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng vua g\u1ed1c man t\u1eeb Thanh Ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn cai tr\u1ecb khi\u1ebfn cho nho s\u0129 trung ch\u00e2u Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f9ng khi \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa man v\u00e0o l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ea7n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n M\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i \u0111ang cai tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n trung ch\u00e2u y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng gh\u00e9p \u201cTh\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn n\u00edu k\u00e9o v\u00e0o. Mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p: v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed, mang h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00fa d\u00f9ng cho t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 hay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf uy th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. V\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t qua ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch sau tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng n\u0103m 43 c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o th\u00ec d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong khi tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng V\u00e2n Nam r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec tr\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t ph\u00eda nam tinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00e0nh trang s\u1ee9c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00fac ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec7t ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng tr\u1ed1ng cao c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ngay tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn 15 tr\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i 1 r\u1ed3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian bao l\u00e2u t\u1eeb l\u00fac c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ed1ng Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu v\u00ec t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng x\u1ea5u, k\u00e9m m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y ngay tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u, c\u0169. L\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Heger ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c tranh c\u00e3i gi\u00e0nh nhau \u201cqu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n\u201d gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung-Vi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1980 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5 b\u00f9ng do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn 1979 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ai gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea5y trong im l\u1eb7ng b\u00ean phe m\u00ecnh. Ph\u00eda Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eabu \u1edf V\u1ea1n Gia B\u00e1 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 th\u00ec h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 C14 \u1edf Th\u1ea1ch Tr\u1ea1i S\u01a1n: 690+\/-90 tCn. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng cao c\u1ea5p c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i th\u00eam r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Tr\u1ed1ng gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Kh\u00ea th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 530 tCn. nh\u01b0ng m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb g\u1ed7 thuy\u1ec1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1i t\u1ecf r\u00f5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed9n, \u1edf tr\u1ed1ng C\u1ed5 Loa. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u00f9 m\u1edd n\u00f3i tr\u00ean n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta x\u1ebfp th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 III tCn, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n binh H\u00e1n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, hay th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VII, VIII tCn. g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 do ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em> k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vua H\u00f9ng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 V tCn, trung b\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u1ed1ng C\u1ed5 Loa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i Heger I l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ai thi\u1ebft tha t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u0129 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 II. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u1ed1ng Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169, Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea1 d\u00f9 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u th\u1eb3ng m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i u\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng, r\u00ecu \u0111\u1ed3ng, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 t\u00e2m phi\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n con v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u201clong\u201d\/r\u1ed3ng mang \u00fd th\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p, H\u00e1n \u0111em \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba: Long Bi\u00ean \/ Long Uy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u00f4 C\u00e1 S\u1ea5u Th\u0103ng Long c\u1ee7a L\u00ed, ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u201cv\u0103n minh \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0a c\u0169 nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng x\u01b0a \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng thau cao c\u1ea5p (nh\u01b0 khu m\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Kh\u00ea ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n) c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n uy \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam quy\u1ec1n uy trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan l\u1ea1i H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ghi nh\u1eadn. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ecm l\u1ea5p theo th\u1eddi gian, theo v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecd ch\u00f4n hay l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n cho M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n t\u1ecbch thu, c\u00f3 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd v\u1eb9t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00e0y ra th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i mang nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a: Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169, Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea1, C\u1ed5 Loa… May m\u1eafn trong \u0111\u00e1m th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n ghi l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nay c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc ra t\u00ean theo ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec: H\u00f9ng \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng,\u201d L\u1ea1c \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d V\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t khi to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n . C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, \u201ch\u1ea7u\u201d, \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m Trung Qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ta m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tuy kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. C\u0169ng n\u00ean theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i 1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf r\u00eca t\u00e2y nam \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 lan v\u1ec1 nam \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng M\u00e3. V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i 1, hay c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c hay v\u1ec1 sau, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n H\u00f9ng\/L\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u00f3m th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh \u0103n ru\u1ed9ng kia: An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 vua Th\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t n\u0103m 316 tCn., l\u00e0 \u201cCon vua Th\u1ee5c\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c kia, hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean Th\u1ee5c m\u01b0\u1ee3n-ti\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0 con d\u00e2y m\u01a1 r\u1ec5 m\u00e1 g\u00ec v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y ta th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c. L\u00e0 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d Th\u1ee5c kia kh\u00f4ng \u1edf xa \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d H\u00f9ng\/L\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc theo c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng, m\u1edf mang \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c, n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m C\u1ed5 Loa k\u00e8m theo, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf l\u00e0ng Nh\u1ed3i trong th\u00e0nh, li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1 Cao L\u1ed7 v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c: vua. V\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00ec b\u00e1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c: Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1 tranh chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ecf th\u1ea7n l\u00f4ng ng\u1ed7ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u L\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u201cU\u00fd \u0110\u00e0\u201d theo c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i, cho th\u1ea5y theo x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u00c2u L\u1ea1c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 179 tCn. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c tranh c\u00e3i gi\u00e0nh nhau \u201cqu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n\u201d gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung-Vi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1980 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5 b\u00f9ng do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn 1979 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ai gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea5y trong im l\u1eb7ng b\u00ean phe m\u00ecnh. Ph\u00eda Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eabu \u1edf V\u1ea1n Gia B\u00e1 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 th\u00ec h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 C14 \u1edf Th\u1ea1ch Tr\u1ea1i S\u01a1n: 690+\/-90 tCn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-3234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3234"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71673,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3234\/revisions\/71673"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}