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CH\u01af\u01a0NG I:<\/i> <\/i><\/p>\n
M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 C\u0102N B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ec2 VI\u1ec6C T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM MANG T\u00cdNH HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I<\/p>\n
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\u0110\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n Gi\u1edf m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp trung h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111i t\u00ecm th\u00eam nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n 102 08\u2019 \u2013 109 28\u2019 \u0110\u00f4ng<\/i><\/p>\n 8 02\u2019 \u2013 23 23\u2019 B\u1eafc<\/i><\/p>\n 329 241 km2<\/i><\/p>\n 79 827 400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (2002)<\/i><\/p>\n B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n 3200 km, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n 4 510 km, r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t 699 km B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, 50 km Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh. 54 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. <\/i>(Non n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u00e1ch H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Du l\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam 2004, in l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 6.) <\/i><\/p>\n hay theo Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea7u l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u 2003 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i:<\/p>\n Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 329.314, 56km2, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 80.930.200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n [C\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ho\u00e1. Theo l\u1ed1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3?]<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n hay than v\u00e3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eadn trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eady. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00fac n\u1ed5i r\u00f5, l\u00fac ch\u00ecm l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p nhau. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i u l\u1ed3i qua ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, Thanh Ho\u00e1, Ngh\u1ec7 An ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng vua ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u1edf quanh v\u00f9ng \u1ea5y. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u00ec h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc Lam S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 nghe ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ai Lao: \u201c… l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta…\u201d V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh cung l\u00f5m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam th\u00ec ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e8 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u1ea5y trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba x\u01b0a qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp quen thu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi x\u00ea x\u00edch c\u1ee7a hai ch\u00e2u Giao, Qu\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecb qua k\u00e8n c\u1ef1a tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc, m\u00f9 m\u1edd h\u01a1n, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y d\u1ecdc B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba qua ph\u1ea3i b\u0103ng qua \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00e0o, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t t\u00e1ch ra v\u1edbi d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n s\u01a1n c\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 khi L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Man th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Man h\u1ea1, hay khi Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e2n l\u1eadp l\u0169y Tr\u1ea5n Man v\u00e0o n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng t\u00e2y Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. Ph\u1ea7n ph\u00ecnh ra ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p khi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi cho 5 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ed1t \u00fd gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda nam, t\u00e2y nam l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0n tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd n\u00ean v\u00e0o l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh b\u00e0n tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y xa bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00ean Itu-Aba, Spratley… Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u201cmi\u1ec1n D\u01b0\u1edbi\u201d nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n, v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o ven b\u1edd nh\u01b0 V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi mon men ra ngo\u00e0i Ho\u00e0ng Sa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh. \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1958 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 VN DCCH c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a CHND TQ.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, mua m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan in cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 trung h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng th\u00ec th\u1ea5y ngay c\u00e1i t\u00fai T\u00e2y Sa, Nam Sa th\u00f2ng xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng trong l\u00fac VNCH c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00ean \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng t\u1eebng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec h\u1edd h\u1eefng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u201c\u1edf tr\u00ean\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, Trung Hoa Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u00fa L\u00e2m (ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Ho\u00e0ng Sa \u2013 sau v\u1ec1 tay H\u1ed3ng Qu\u00e2n) v\u00e0 Itu-Aba, \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Ba B\u00ecnh. Khi \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chung quanh gi\u00e0nh th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Thitu \/ Th\u1ecb T\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh Pagasa c\u1ee7a Philippin… C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ed1c Gia B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebf th\u1eeba quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p n\u00ean m\u1edbi ra s\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb San Francisco 1951, v\u00e0 mang qu\u00e2n ra \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3ng CSVN v\u1ed1n theo m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng vua H\u00f9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng Ng\u00e3 Ba, th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1i \u1ea3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf c\u1eadn s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi Nam ti\u1ebfn, ch\u0103m ch\u1eafm nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng C\u1eedu Long m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, r\u1ed3i theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn nh\u1eadn ra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u201cLi\u00ean bang \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d l\u00e0m tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ea3 hai l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1eabn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e2u thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng \u201cT\u1eeb \u1ea3i Nam Quan (?!) t\u1edbi m\u0169i C\u00e0 Mau\u201d h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1i khung s\u00f4ng n\u00fai c\u0169 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00ecnh to \u1ea5y. Th\u00eam v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u0103m th\u00f9 h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd, n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u01a1 h\u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tai h\u1ea1i 1958, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, cho giai c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n kia l\u00e0: sau 1975, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam DCCH (\u1ea5n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 1972?) ghi t\u00ean T\u00e2y Sa v\u00e0 Nam Sa! R\u1ed3i c\u0169ng sau 1975 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ee5c s\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi mu\u1ed1n v\u1eb7n h\u1ecfi xem cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n Ho\u00e0ng Sa, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa n\u0103m 1974 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eadp san S\u1eed<\/i> \u0110\u1ecba<\/i> l\u00e0 do \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tay sai\u201d nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng? C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n in \u1ea5n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t k\u0129 t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean lu\u00f4n th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 lo\u00e1ng tho\u00e1ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o h\u1edd h\u1eefng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 ch\u00fat quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng \u1ed3n \u00e0o v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n lo\u00e1ng tho\u00e1ng trong b\u00e1o ch\u00ed qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n di t\u1ea3n \u2013 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y th\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 vu\u1ed9t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m tay m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean ch\u00ednh ba khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u1eadp n\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean khung c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n Nam ti\u1ebfn to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1eed v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo tri\u1ec1n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, s\u00f4ng M\u00e3, s\u00f4ng C\u1ea3, s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y xa h\u01a1n, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng Chao Praya, Saluen, Irrawaddi. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eafn theo c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p hay l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2ng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 An Nam, v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed theo c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cth\u00e1c \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d (khai th\u00e1c v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng) c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Chi\u1ebfu, c\u00f2n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec g\u1eb7p ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n L\u00ed, Tr\u1ea7n. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng xa h\u01a1n ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng nam hay theo c\u00e1c ng\u00f3c ng\u00e1ch s\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn t\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n V\u1ecb tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi khu\u00f4n n\u1eafn n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn tu\u00f4ng ra bi\u1ec3n, m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng giao ti\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u trong nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn d\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Trung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ch\u00e0m x\u01b0a. C\u00e1c ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 l\u1edbn ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn quy t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1ecf, r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Ch\u00e0m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n Trung, v\u00e0 lanh ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 C\u1eedu Long trong khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Angkor khai th\u00e1c c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u00f9ng Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 m\u1edbi xu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Phnom P\u00eanh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 Minh d\u00e2n l\u01b0u vong.<\/p>\n Bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i l\u1ea1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng giao ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eafc nam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 ra t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp t\u1eeb \u201c(Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0) bao l\u01a1n tr\u00f4ng ra Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. L\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn khoa \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec n\u1ebfu thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o Trung Hoa hay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, hai trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n ho\u00e1 khuynh lo\u00e1t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n khi l\u1ea7n m\u00f2 xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea7n \u2013 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nhu c\u1ea7u sang c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean-tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec c\u0169ng g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y th\u1ed5 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m ch\u00f9n b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm hay \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n cai tr\u1ecb. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u00f9ng nh\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \/ phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay sau th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn r\u1ee9t ra \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 trong\/ngo\u00e0i, x\u01b0a\/nay<\/strong><\/p>\n Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh s\u1eed, s\u1eed<\/i> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed.<\/i> V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ghi l\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 nhau. Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft trong v\u00f9ng \u0110N\u00c1 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb hai kh\u1ed1i v\u0103n minh c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ghi l\u1ea1i trong v\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c theo v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a hai n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 s\u00e0i, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u1ea4n h\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 suy t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00ean c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n sinh.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u01a1i t\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Trung Hoa v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda nam, bao g\u1ed3m Nam B\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi mang t\u00ean Ph\u00f9 Nam r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 to\u1ea3 r\u1ed9ng ra, l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, t\u1eeb s\u1eed s\u00e1ch lan qua c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\/c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Champa tuy xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, d\u00e0i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch mang quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n sinh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201ck\u00ed\u201d mang d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00ean l\u00e1 bu\u00f4ng \u2013 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft, sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u00e2y, gi\u1ea5y xi m\u0103ng \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 h\u01b0 n\u00e1t m\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n suy t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1ecf, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt, bia \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 so ngay v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Khmer, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i Angkor, b\u1ecf l\u01a1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Champa v\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi tay kh\u00f4ng b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc Champa t\u1eeb trong t\u1ed1i t\u0103m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd h\u1ecd kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a h\u01a1n, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n C\u00e1i \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 k\u00ed cho s\u1eed th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i khi ta nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi Trung Hoa t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, khi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c T\u1ea7n H\u00e1n tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng nam \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cai tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, khu\u00f4n n\u1eafn n\u00f3 theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb co c\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c su\u1ed1t trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t, hay nh\u1eefng b\u00e1m v\u00edu x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. S\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb v\u0103n t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hu\u00eanh hoang t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 trong s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ghi ch\u00e9p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf hai ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn cho s\u1eed gia ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp xo\u00e1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ean h\u1ecd, b\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc, bia t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1, thay cho \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Long c\u1ee5t ng\u1ee7n, ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong tr\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a vang danh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh\u201d tham d\u1ef1. V\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Quang Trung, ngo\u00e0i d\u1ee5ng \u00fd d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u201cl\u01b0u danh h\u1eadu th\u1ebf,\u201d \u0103n-theo nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc \u0111em v\u00e0o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh th\u1ea7n di c\u01b0, mang c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00f9a B\u1ed9c thay \u00f4ng Quang Trung, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00ean g\u00f2 \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec s\u1eed gia c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec Ph\u00f9 Nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Trung Hoa, ghi ch\u00e9p trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 III. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Khang Th\u00e1i, Chu \u1ee8ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Ng\u00f4 T\u00f4n Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 250) th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y d\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u00f4ng \u201cvua\u201d, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec b\u1edd \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1i Lan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00f9 Nam \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Trung Hoa, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen ghi ch\u00e9p. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 trung ch\u00e2u s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ee5c H\u00e1n c\u0169 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 th\u1eafng th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p, tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nay nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c trang s\u00e1ch… Cho n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1eadt s\u1edbm, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c \u00f4ng L\u1ea1c, Vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Vua N\u00fai \u1edf ph\u00eda nam kia m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng mang t\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u V\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9 \u201c\u1edf tr\u1ea7n,\u201d nh\u1edd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 II tCn. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y khi gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Trung Hoa tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean l\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda nam. \u00d4ng An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0, r\u00e1ng n\u00edu k\u00e9o \u00f4ng L\u1ea1c\/H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u cai tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i theo s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng xa x\u00f4i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang, mang s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i ch\u00e9p s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u0169, c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u00f4ng Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, \u00f4ng T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean, \u00f4ng Chu T\u1eed, theo c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n… \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed k\u00ed tuy kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i c\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, theo b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n tu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kinh s\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Trung Hoa tuy \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf s\u1eed k\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0y nay r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, suy lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Vi\u1ec7t cai tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, ch\u1ec9 \u201cb\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n tay\u201d nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng th\u00fa nh\u1eadn, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn Trung Hoa m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eafp n\u1ed1i d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft cho 17, 18 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 v\u1edbi t\u00ean chung l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed to\u00e0n th\u01b0, <\/i>in n\u0103m 1697.<\/i> Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u00f3 n\u00ean s\u1eed quan tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp cho h\u1ebft tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c,<\/i> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed x\u01b0a l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i trong cung nh\u00e0 Thanh, quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i> vi\u1ebft cho tri\u1ec1u L\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3. To\u00e0n th\u01b0 <\/i>mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c gia ph\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ed (nh\u01b0 Hoan Ch\u00e2u k\u00ed<\/i>) c\u1ee9 mang ra ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p danh gi\u00e1 cho d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng khi c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 cho s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u01b0, khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. To\u00e0n th\u01b0 <\/i>mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, d\u00f9 t\u00e2n hay c\u1ef1u, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u1eddi chung \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng v\u1eabn x\u00ea x\u00edch sao ch\u00e9p, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c<\/i> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n th\u00ec d\u00e0i h\u01a1i h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1eed k\u00ed, ghi ch\u00e9p c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm trong h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ra cho \u0111\u00fang. Th\u1ea5y con gi\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u00ec li\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef ch\u1ec9 con th\u1ea1ch s\u00f9ng \/ th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n quen thu\u1ed9c trong nh\u00e0. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec7m th\u00eam ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef-H\u00e1n-kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u00e2u, l\u00e0m c\u1edb cho s\u1ef1 che gi\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u201cx\u1ea5u h\u1ed5,\u201d v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a (L\u00ed) \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t.\u201d Th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201cgiao long,\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e9p ch\u1eef \u201cthu\u1ed3ng lu\u1ed3ng\u201d N\u00f4m tr\u1ea1i ra (t\u2019lu\u1ed3ng)<\/i> t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n \u201clong\u201d l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 theo kinh s\u00e1ch v\u0103n hoa c\u0169, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ngh\u0129 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb trong nguy\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u quen thu\u1ed9c \u1edf x\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh, con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh ngay tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c. C\u00f3 l\u00fac N\u00f4m v\u00e0 H\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba danh l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Thang (d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3) Tr\u00f4ng (xa) canh ch\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n, ghi v\u00e0o s\u1eed ch\u1eef H\u00e1n: V\u1ecdng Th\u00ea th\u00e0nh danh x\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng xo\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean N\u00f4m kia, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Nam B\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai: Thang Tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0 V\u1ecdng Th\u00ea! \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t khi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c ban vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ra ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, N\u00f4m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c… Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cho qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1nh nhau \u1edf Gi\u00e1 Kh\u00ea, Tam Ph\u1ee5… nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u00ean T\u00e0u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed9i b\u00f9n s\u00ecnh, l\u0103n l\u1ed9n c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i \u1edf R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1, Ba Gi\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Nam B\u1ed9! C\u0169ng may \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00ecm khu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed5i thay nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111i t\u00ecm. V\u1edbi s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 xa x\u01b0a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ee9 c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p, v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd nh\u1eefng ai n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i.<\/p>\n Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a To\u00e0n th\u01b0<\/i> ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ghi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nay khi d\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch c\u0169. Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u0103n ho\u00e1, do th\u1eddi gian n\u00edu k\u00e9o v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt x\u01b0a c\u0169 nh\u01b0 ch\u1eadp ch\u1eddn \u0111\u00f9a b\u1ee1n, nh\u1ea1o c\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee9 m\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n gi\u1eefa ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i lo b\u00e1ng b\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n khi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec ngay ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y nay. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf b\u1ea3n in ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (hay ngay ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o?) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo trong c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang v\u1edbi danh t\u1eeb chung. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean l\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed t\u00ean l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Ch\u00ed<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 trong ngo\u00e0i, x\u01b0a nay trong l\u00fac n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp Vi\u1ec7t-ch\u00ed \u2013 ch\u1eef in nghi\u00eang ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t trong ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y ngay t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a t\u00ean quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch kia, v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t\u201d! Trong cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec3n To\u00e0n th\u01b0 <\/i>(mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) \u201cb\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh Ho\u00e0 (1697),\u201d m\u1ed9t phe ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 quan N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n cho n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch kia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi L\u00ea Trung h\u01b0ng, c\u00f2n phe \u201cch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng\u201d quan ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn ngay \u1edf To\u00e0n th\u01b0, <\/i>s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1673 ghi: (d\u1ecbch) \u201cH\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c quan v\u0103n v\u00e0o N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ecb b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea7u h\u1ea7u \u1edf N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y…\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m in b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh Ho\u00e0 (1697). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p vi\u1ebft hoa m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n!<\/i> ch\u1ee9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Phan Huy Ch\u00fa nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Minh, Thanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u201cn\u1ed9i \/ N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII hay \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Phan Huy Ch\u00fa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1eed gia. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef \u201cN\u1ed9i c\u00e1c quan b\u1ea3n\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef \u201cQu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m t\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n\u201d ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c! \u00d4ng Hoa B\u1eb1ng khi d\u1ecbch (1975) L\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u t\u1ea1p k\u1ec9,<\/i> \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef \u201cn\u1ed9i c\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1673 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft hoa n\u00f3, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n Tuy M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed d\u1ea1y \u201cT\u1eadn t\u00edn th\u01b0 b\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u201d nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2m ra nhi\u1ec5m s\u00e1ch,<\/i> c\u00e1c s\u1eed quan c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kh\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, thay cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. S\u1eed c\u1ee7a nho th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00e3 che khu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. H\u1ecd t\u1eebng ch\u00e9p nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ea7n (do L\u00ed T\u01b0 vi\u1ebft) v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u201cph\u1ea7n th\u01b0,\u201d cho v\u00e0o m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0 ch\u00e9p s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1eed, t\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 xa r\u1eddi quy\u1ec3n S\u1eed k\u00ed<\/i> T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c: S\u1eed k\u00ed<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 Thi\u1ec7n, (\u0110\u1ea1i<\/i> Vi\u1ec7t)<\/i> S\u1eed k\u00ed<\/i> c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a chuy\u1ec7n con tin \u0110inh Li\u1ec5n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 theo giao k\u1ebft li\u00ean minh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1i C\u00f4ng H\u1ea1ng V\u0169 th\u1eddi H\u00e1n S\u1edf tranh h\u00f9ng. Chuy\u1ec7n Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i \u0110inh theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p cho th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh m\u1ea1nh th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c binh bi\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Ki\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb H\u1eadu Chu sang Tri\u1ec7u T\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Nghi\u1ec5m (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ra nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch v\u1edf. Chuy\u1ec7n L\u00ed C\u00f4ng U\u1ea9n \u00f4m th\u00e2y L\u00ea Long Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3c c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c! Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt x\u00f4ng x\u00e1o v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Th\u00e1i \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 Giang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan gia th\u1ea7n n\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 coi nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, Qu\u00e1ch T\u1eed Nghi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c Hung N\u00f4. R\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfu che cho \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf khi con h\u1ed5 s\u00fat chu\u1ed3ng th\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eed quan \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa l\u00fac nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 Kh\u1ea3i Chi (345-406) v\u1ebd v\u1ee3 H\u00e1n Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u1ebf (48-33tCn.) che cho vua tr\u00e1nh con b\u00e1o s\u00fat chu\u1ed3ng!<\/p>\n Ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 g\u00e2y oan u\u1ed5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a hay kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u00f4 Nh\u1eadt Kh\u00e1nh r\u00fat dao r\u1ea1ch m\u1eb7t v\u1ee3 v\u1ea1ch \u00e2m m\u01b0u l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110inh, vi\u1ec7c L\u00ea Ph\u1ee5ng Hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1 (1028), k\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecbch, ch\u00e9m V\u0169 \u0110\u1ee9c V\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ea5y sao m\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u201ctruy\u1ec7n T\u00e0u\u201d n\u00e0o qu\u00e1! (M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng quen, qua internet<\/i>, cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng sai \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u Tr\u1ea7n xin h\u00e0ng Nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y trong Tam Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ed di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a!) <\/i>Th\u1eadt c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed quan x\u01b0a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed5ng cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ghi ch\u00e9p, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb tin l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 v\u1ec1 Th\u0103ng Long m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, v\u0103n minh khi\u1ebfn cho s\u1eed quan ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4 v\u1ebd chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y ng\u00f4i L\u00ea cho d\u00e0i h\u01a1i, k\u00e9o theo th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u1ea7n k\u00ec (s\u1ea5m k\u00ed, ch\u00f3 tr\u1eafng mang ch\u1eef \u201cthi\u00ean t\u1eed\u201d) c\u00f9ng \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tham gia, t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft khu\u1ea5t kh\u00fac… trong l\u00fac th\u1eadt ra Ng\u1ecda Tri\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh! V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, chuy\u1ec7n D\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i li khai!<\/p>\n T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean coi nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4 v\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eadt \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u <\/i>c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng h\u01a1n qua th\u1eddi gian, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3, b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u, ch\u00fang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1edbi, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 tr\u00e1 n\u1eefa. Chuy\u1ec7n H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nho s\u0129 trung ch\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00e8n \u00e9p c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp M\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn cai tr\u1ecb x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y sau khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n Minh. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1 b\u00fat, tuy n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cc\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u201d v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n Ngo\u1ea1i s\u1eed, h\u00e0m \u00fd ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng \u2013 hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng tinh t\u1ebf? Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong khung c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao th\u00ec t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u00e1i \u201ctri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 18 \u00f4ng vua ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00ean, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng (Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng), hai \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0m r\u1ec3 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5y, sau th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 cho m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu, l\u1edbp h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 M\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c, th\u00eau d\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh danh cho phe T\u00e2y Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u201ctrung h\u01b0ng\u201d c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169 (Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh 1572), v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n trung h\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII (Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec1n 1737). Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh Ho\u00e1: Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n. Cho n\u00ean khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan, l\u1eddi ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a phe m\u1edbi v\u1eeba th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch v\u1edf qua qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t phe c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n\u201d (ph\u1ea7n H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9 qua bao th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef danh v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9i m\u00e0i kinh s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 mon men v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, \u201cb\u00ecnh d\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua H\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 sau theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i giao th\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, v\u1edbi c\u00e2u ca, ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea1c g\u1ee3i t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh s\u00e2u k\u00edn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng ngo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c. Cho n\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tay m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u00f4ng vua H\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea3y v\u1ee5t l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ee3i t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1c \u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00fac c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng h\u00f3a, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng c\u0169ng mang theo s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m-m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng vua H\u00f9ng nay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 trong tay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eeba cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c n\u0103m 1975 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n ti\u1ebfp theo sau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i cai tr\u1ecb kh\u1eaft khe, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o Nam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1eadn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. R\u1ed3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng vua H\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh mang t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t th\u00eam t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u00eam d\u1ecbu h\u01a1n. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng ng\u00e0y gi\u1ed7 T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ec5. \u00d4ng H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2007 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 xu ph\u1ee5 \u1ed3 \u1ea1t, tuy b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n minh t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn: Danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi \u201cth\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cth\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u\u201d Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eafc k\u00e8m v\u1edbi danh v\u1ecdng v\u00e0i tay khoa b\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t; c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng (thiu), b\u00e1nh gi\u1ea7y (\u0111\u1ed9n) c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi li c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1eddi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c Guinness \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng T\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cd\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d trong ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 2008. C\u00e1i c\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 Qu\u1ea3ng Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng cho t\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh… Bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5 ra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng m\u1edbi \u1edf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh thay c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd l\u00ednh \u00c2u chi\u1ebfn trong S\u1edf Th\u00fa. Bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5 ra t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng cho Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn l\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 L\u00ea Du\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p 18 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9a b\u1ecdc tr\u0103m tr\u1ee9ng, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi… Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 ng\u00f4i mi\u1ebfu m\u00e1i tranh v\u00e1ch l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1n ng\u00f3i g\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u1ea3n c\u0169ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, loan b\u00e1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u1ed7 T\u1ed5 r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 h\u01a1n (10-3\u00e2l. 2008), tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p ban \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng trong s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5p li\u1ebfm c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n Ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, khung tr\u1eddi v\u0103n minh H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 nho l\u00e0 cao sang h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang chung quanh cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean. H\u1ecd coi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh (ti\u1ec3u) Thi\u00ean t\u1eed chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e1n Cao T\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1i v\u00e0o m\u0169 c\u00e1c quan, hay x\u01b0a h\u01a1n, Ng\u00f4 X\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Nam T\u1ea5n V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n danh nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu T\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, L\u00ea Ho\u00e0n l\u1ea5y ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Thi\u00ean Ph\u00fac (936-944) c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu T\u1ea5n ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i (936-946). Truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n l\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c \u00c2n c\u0169ng th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u: Nho s\u0129 vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n, coi m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng Chu (\u201cNg\u00f4 t\u00f2ng Chu\u201d \u2013 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed), th\u00ec k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Chu t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c, nh\u00e0 \u00c2n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1i c\u1ed5ng ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Hoa L\u01b0 c\u0169ng mang t\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Quan nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t V\u1ea1n L\u00ed Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh. M\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd ch\u00e9p lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3i \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 th\u00e0nh s\u1eed ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n M\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ec9nh Chi ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea7m chim s\u1ebb n\u01a1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u00ean k\u00e8m theo b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ebf n\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n Nho gia h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ra d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng, ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t kh\u00e1 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh. Th\u01a1 L\u1ea1c T\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao th\u1eddi m\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ed5 phong, t\u1eeb kh\u00fac, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng thi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4n x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh kh\u00fac ng\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chinh ph\u1ee5, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng feminist<\/i> t\u00e2n th\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1eadp-t\u00e2m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c gia th\u1ea7n x\u01b0a, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb r\u1eafp ranh \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch v\u1edf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u201cl\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean\u201d c\u00f3 khi mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc (c\u00f3 ch\u1eef ch\u1ee9ng minh trong l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9 v\u1eeba l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n!)<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi gian tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1eeba qua, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1nh v\u1edbi l\u1edbp s\u1eed gia c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \/ \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u x\u01b0a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 oai h\u00f9ng, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m Thi\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ban \u01a1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1c \u00e1c x\u1ea5u xa, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 khi giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp khoe khoang nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u1eed gia \/ h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean t\u01b0 th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n uy, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt tr\u1ebb con d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u1ee9 \u0111em nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Huy\u00ean, \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p ra so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. (\u00d4ng Ph\u1ea1m Huy Th\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t cho H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng – \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945 ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed5i danh l\u00e0 thi s\u0129 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, danh v\u1ecb sau c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 nh\u1edd b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.) T\u1ef1 \u00e1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea5u trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc anh h\u00f9ng khai s\u00e1ng, vua ch\u00faa, con ch\u00e1u d\u00e2u r\u1ec3 vua H\u00f9ng, t\u01b0\u1edbng Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i, ghi v\u00e0o s\u1eed s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u201ctinh g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e1, qu\u00e1i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng,\u201d ma da, r\u00e1i c\u00e1, c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u, r\u00f9a, r\u1eafn… Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng quan x\u1ee9 Hu\u1ebf xa x\u00f4i m\u1ec9a mai nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 trong V\u0169 trung t\u00f9<\/i>y<\/i> b\u00fat<\/i> c\u0169ng t\u1eebng c\u00e0u nh\u00e0u b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c n\u00ean l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng k\u00eanh th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1edd ngh\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n Long Uy\u00ean b\u00e0y t\u1ecf oai linh, v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft con tr\u00e2u ngay gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng! C\u00e1i \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hai t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch, theo v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung th\u00f4ng tin n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n \u0110i theo v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n n\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf, lan c\u1ea3 ra \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0u vong, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c tuy mang t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf y\u1ebfu \u1edbt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u00e0o \u1ea1t chia x\u1ebb s\u1ef1 ng\u00f4ng ngh\u00eanh kia, t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u1ecd. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1m con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u201ckh\u00fac ru\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n theo nh\u1eefng Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u201cs\u1eed li\u1ec7u\u201d m\u1edbi v\u1ed1n th\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khoa kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 h\u01a1n, \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb hay c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3ng qua m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ee3 c\u00f2n \u1ea9n s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. T\u00ean Ph\u00f9 Nam th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong ghi ch\u00e9p Trung Hoa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX (P. Pelliot, 1903) di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng cho ra h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho \u201c\u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c\u201d \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi c\u1ee7a L. Malleret tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Nam B\u1ed9, t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u00d3c Eo, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em danh x\u01b0ng khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p n\u00e0y v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Champa n\u1eb1m trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t, Trung Hoa ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 c\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh, nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 binh chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1eadt h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0111\u00e1ng h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi m\u00e0, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129, c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh, B\u1eafc S\u01a1n c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i t\u00ean Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch m\u1ed9 t\u00e1ng th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i La v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1n, ch\u00f9a mi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 sau. C\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khai qu\u1eadt \u201cho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long\u201d \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 khoe khoang \u1ea7m \u0129 th\u00ec th\u1eadt ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 xin UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u2013 nh\u01b0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 cho \u0111\u1ec1n H\u00f9ng, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfu danh b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. (Xem s\u00e1ch \u1ea3nh Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long<\/i> 2006.) Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u00e1ch \u201ckh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 m\u0129 thu\u1eadt\u201d v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n nh\u01b0 khi khai qu\u1eadt c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 lo thu h\u1ed3i v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb…, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi nay hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 sinh ho\u1ea1t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n x\u01b0a. Ch. Higham \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ea nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khai qu\u1eadt th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng thau c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc non tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1eed gia tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1eed th\u1ea7n x\u01b0a trong s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi, v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m \u201cv\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i B\u1ea3ng v\u00e0ng bia \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu m\u1ea5t danh hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p chung trong c\u00e1c \u201cT\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cdanh nh\u00e2n\u201d m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00f5, x\u00f3m trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p th\u00ec l\u1ea5n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda nam! \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cS\u1eed h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1 ra t\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng vang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3 tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 sa s\u00fat ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn ra, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n: \u201cC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb7n \u00f3c t\u00ecm cho ra ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Cho n\u00ean, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng minh C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ed1n d\u1ee5ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc kia thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n m\u00f2 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i theo ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb: Ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3ng thau cao c\u1ea5p (tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, m\u1ed9 t\u00e1ng…) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e0ng kim kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ec5 c\u1ee9 thu nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n (bao h\u00e0m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadt x\u01b0a!) kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch n\u1eb1m trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u1ed5 Loa c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 II, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ee9 l\u1eadp l\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c x\u1ebfp chung v\u1edbi Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a 6, 700 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3! V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ee9 gi\u1eef m\u00e3i th\u00e0nh C\u1ed5 Loa c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n Chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, chuy\u1ec7n nay: Ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb trong s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t (?), kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1m \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d\/homo-, \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o qua th\u1eddi gian, tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n. M\u1ecdi l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0o trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cth\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd ra m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ed3ng r\u1eafn c\u1eafn \u0111u\u00f4i quy v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ta t\u1eeb Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc…\u201d h\u00e0m \u00fd khu\u1ea5t nh\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c theo m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Nam ti\u1ebfn thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng, su\u00f4ng \u0111u\u1ed9t, tuy l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n Quang Trung th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh \u0111e do\u1ea1 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 1975, u\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng (chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh…) hay l\u00fang t\u00fang xoay quanh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u0169, l\u00fac co c\u1ee5m, l\u00fac r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1, l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb co gi\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra c\u00f2n tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh h\u01a1n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 ph\u00eda v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n hay than v\u00e3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eadn trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-3181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3181"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71674,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3181\/revisions\/71674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}