{"id":31177,"date":"2014-03-14T00:05:00","date_gmt":"2014-03-14T07:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=31177"},"modified":"2014-03-14T22:40:42","modified_gmt":"2014-03-15T05:40:42","slug":"le-quynh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/31177\/le-quynh","title":{"rendered":"Lê Quýnh"},"content":{"rendered":"
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L\u00ca QU\u00ddNH<\/strong><\/p>\n

1750-1805<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u6211\u8f29\u982d\u53ef\u65b7\uff0c\u9aee\u4e0d\u53ef\u8599\uff0c\u76ae\u53ef\u524a\uff0c\u670d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6613\u4e5f\u3002<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 b\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n, ph\u00e1t b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 th\u1ebf,
b\u00ec kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch d\u00e3.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

(B\u1ecdn ta <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t, <\/i>[nh\u01b0ng] t\u00f3c kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft,
da c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ed9t, <\/i>[nh\u01b0ng] y ph\u1ee5c kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng th\u1ec3 <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ed5i<\/i>.)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"clip_image002\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nho ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb b\u1eaft cu\u1ed1i th<\/b>\u1ebf<\/b> k\u1ef7 XIX
<\/b>Ngu\u1ed3n: Georges Buis & Charles Daney: Quand les Fran<\/i>\u00e7<\/i>ais d\u00e9couvraient l\u2019Indochine
<\/i>Paris: Herscher, 1981 tr. 39<\/p>\n


<\/b><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

L\u1edcI M\u1ede \u00d0\u1ea6U<\/h2>\n

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Trong s\u1ed1 vong th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 L\u00ea b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Hoa cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi C\u00e0n Long, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh d\u00e2n nh\u00e0 Thanh[2]<\/a> khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi s\u0129 phu Trung Hoa c\u0169ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c.[3]<\/a> Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ch\u00fat kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i – d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nho sinh \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng. <\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c sang Trung Hoa h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vua t\u00f4i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y h\u1eadu nh\u00e2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u1ef1a theo Kh<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>m <\/i>\u00d0<\/i>\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t S\u1eed th<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c<\/i> [quy\u1ec3n XLVII], \u00d0<\/i>\u1ea1i Nam Ch\u00ednh Bi\u00ean Li\u1ec7t Truy\u1ec7n<\/i> [quy\u1ec3n XXIX], \u00d0<\/i>\u1ea1i Nam Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed<\/i> [quy\u1ec3n XIX, XXIV, XXV…].<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng may v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m sau, vua T\u1ef1 \u00d0\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00ean h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u00ea M\u1ea1t Ti\u1ebft Ngh\u0129a T\u1eeb (\u9ece\u672b\u7bc0\u7fa9\u7960) n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Th\u01a1 v\u0103n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng trong nh\u00f3m vong th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhan \u0111\u1ec1 Nam Thi\u00ean Trung Ngh<\/i>\u0129<\/i>a Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c<\/i> (\u5357\u5929\u5fe0\u7fa9\u5be6\u9304).[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1eeba xoa d\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat ho\u00e0i v\u1ecdng c\u1ef1u tri\u1ec1u, v\u1eeba khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gi\u1edbi nho gia trung qu\u00e2n, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi vua L\u00ea v\u00e0 b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i, t\u1eeb khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tranh quy\u1ec1n \u0111o\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 cao th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 hay nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n tri\u1ec1u, cho c\u1ea3 vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u0169. Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1 cao T\u00e2y S\u01a1n hay \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n – th\u00ec vua L\u00ea c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. Nh\u00e0 Thanh c\u0169ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd n\u00eau cao vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u201ch\u01b0ng di\u1ec7t k<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i> tuy\u1ec7t, t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed3n vong<\/i>\u201d [l\u00e0m h\u01b0ng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9t, nu\u00f4i k\u1ebb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n] c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. <\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i \u201ccu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i<\/i>\u201d, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u00ed \u0111\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd bang giao ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a hai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Thanh \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong kia h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t k\u1ef3 binh m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng sai th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u01a1m ch\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 tay tr\u00e1i, s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt v\u1edd \u0111\u1eddi vong qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m sau c\u0169ng tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n quan l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u0129 phu cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u1ec1 Trung Hoa.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u2013 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng \u2013 th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u0111i xa, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u00edt, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1edf t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c, tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng th\u00ec ch\u00e1y da ch\u00e1y th\u1ecbt, tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh th\u00ec gi\u00f3 bu\u1ed1t th\u1ea5u x\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3ng tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7. Th<\/u>\u1ebf<\/u> nh\u01b0ng d\u1eabu sao th<\/u>\u00e2<\/u>n ph\u1eadn <\/u>\u0111<\/u>i <\/u>\u0111<\/u>\u00e0y c\u00f2n <\/u>\u0111<\/u>\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u1eddi xanh m<\/u>\u00e2<\/u>y tr\u1eafng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n<\/u>\u0103<\/u>m giam h<\/u>\u00e3<\/u>m trong b\u1ed1n b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1ea5t <\/u>\u0111<\/u>\u1ecbnh kh<\/u>\u00f4<\/u>ng ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 ngh<\/u>\u0129<\/u>a l\u00e0 c\u1eaft m\u00e1i t\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t <\/u>\u0111<\/u>\u1ec3 c\u1ea1o ch\u1ecfm, th\u1eaft b\u00edm <\/u>\u0111<\/u>u<\/u>\u00f4<\/u>i sam v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf chi<\/u>\u1ebf<\/u>c \u00e1o d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a d<\/u>\u00e2<\/u>n t\u1ed9c <\/u>\u0111<\/u>\u1ec3 b\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 <\/u>\u0111<\/u>\u1ed3 kh\u00e1ch.<\/u> H\u1ecd c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i khi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o giam \u1edf b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh c\u0169ng m\u1eebng nh\u01b0 \u201ctha h\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 tri<\/i>\u201d v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau d\u0103m c\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u01b0u vong nh\u01b0ng \u1edf trong th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba v\u1eddi qua r\u1ed3i c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u1edf l\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e0nh m\u1eb7c cho s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn n\u1ed5i tr\u00f4i, \u1edf b\u1ea7u th\u00ec tr\u00f2n, \u1edf \u1ed1ng th\u00ec d\u00e0i ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m \u201cThanh nh<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n<\/i>\u201d n\u00ean b\u1ecb gi\u1eef \u1edf Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ebfn 13 n<\/u>\u0103<\/u>m<\/u> [b\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t giam 10 n\u0103m trong ng\u1ee5c v\u00e0 3 n\u0103m qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y kinh th\u00e0nh] v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, nh\u1edd duy\u00ean th\u1eddi th\u1ebf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7:<\/p>\n

B\u1ecdn ta <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f3c kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft, da c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng \u00e1o kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng th\u1ec3 <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ed5i<\/i>!<\/i><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n th\u01a1, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i k\u00fd nhan \u0111\u1ec1 B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh T\u00f9ng K<\/i>\u00fd<\/i> (\u5317\u884c\u53e2\u8a18) [t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ghi l\u1ea1i khi sang \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc] k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y sang Trung Hoa l\u01b0u vong cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eadp b\u00fat k\u00fd n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed kh\u1eafc b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u v\u1edbi vua t\u00f4i L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t l\u1ebd d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Trung Hoa, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh b\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t giam trong ng\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 nghe qua tin \u0111\u1ed3n hay truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.[6]<\/a> V\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201ct\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ghi l\u1ea1i khi sang <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ea5t B\u1eafc<\/i>\u201d, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb khi sang Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t vua L\u00ea v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec trong vai m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tra h\u1ecfi hay c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p n\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 th\u00eam minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a vua C\u00e0n Long \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. <\/p>\n

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T\u1ed4NG QU\u00c1T<\/h2>\n

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Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ec7nh v\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi L\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

– Giai <\/u>\u0111<\/u>o\u1ea1n 1:<\/u> (1750-1788) T\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0a gia quy\u1ebfn vua L\u00ea ch\u1ea1y sang Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gia v\u1ecdng t\u1ed9c, tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea5m sinh xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n t\u1eadn trung v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u00f4ng ph\u00f2 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. N\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh \u0111em gia binh v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0ng gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 th\u00e1i h\u1eadu, v\u01b0\u01a1ng phi v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean Cao B\u1eb1ng, b\u1ecb truy k\u00edch ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y sang \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh.<\/p>\n

– Giai <\/u>\u0111<\/u>o\u1ea1n 2:<\/u> (1788-1789) Theo qu\u00e2n Thanh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn khi T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n ch\u1edd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i sang Trung Hoa l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n danh \u201ch\u01b0ng di\u1ec7t k<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i> tuy\u1ec7t, t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed3n vong<\/i>\u201d, nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111em qu\u00e2n sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ngay \u0111\u1ea7u Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu. Vua L\u00ea v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sang Trung Hoa. L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ec7nh \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i 7 th\u00e1ng sau m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea2i \u0110i\u1ebfm sang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

– Giai <\/u>\u0111<\/u>o\u1ea1n 3:<\/u> (1790-1800) B\u1ecb giam \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadp k\u1ef3 binh nh\u00e0 Thanh <\/p>\n

Khi Thanh tri\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, vua L\u00ea v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0103n m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c theo phong t\u1ee5c Trung Hoa. Ri\u00eang nh\u00f3m L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea5y c\u1edb r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u00fd ch\u1ea1y sang m\u00e0 do l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac Khang An d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 nay xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/i>\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c bang giao, vua C\u00e0n Long ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00f3m L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh l\u00ean B\u1eafc Kinh giam \u1edf b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra sau khi vua C\u00e0n Long qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i c\u00e1o chung.<\/p>\n

– Giai <\/u>\u0111<\/u>o\u1ea1n 4:<\/u> (1800-1805) Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a linh c\u1eefu vua L\u00ea v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Sau khi Thanh tri\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p T\u00ed [1804] nh\u00f3m L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t vua L\u00ea, th\u00e1i h\u1eadu v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1ng \u1edf Thanh Hoa. Vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea tu \u1edf ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng. Th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn n\u0103m \u1ea4t S\u1eedu [1805], \u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u00e0 vua cho x\u00e2y Ti\u1ebft Ngh\u0129a T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng trung th\u1ea7n, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n t\u1eed nh\u00e0 L\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u1eadn trung v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 L\u00ea, l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng son s\u1eaft n\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bang giao. \u00d4ng hi\u00ean ngang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y t\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e3o, tr\u1ea3i qua bao nhi\u00eau s\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ebft v\u1eabn s\u1eebng s\u1eefng gi\u01a1 c\u00e1i c\u00e0ng b\u1ecd ng\u1ef1a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ed7 xe, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay th\u1ebf s\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng, nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 L\u00ea s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 tho\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng m\u1edd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, theo th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1eadu nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. <\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng nguy\u1ec7t qu\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t cho m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thua cu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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PH\u1ea6N I
 <\/h1>\n

SANG TRUNG HOA<\/h1>\n

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TH\u00c2N TH\u1ebe<\/h2>\n

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S\u1eed s\u00e1ch khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y khi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. \u00d0\u1ec3 n\u00eau cao ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec t\u01b0 hi\u1ec1m, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3[7]<\/a> trong Ng\u00f4 Gia V\u0103n Ph\u00e1i khi ch\u1ea5p b\u00fat vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 An Nam Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed<\/i> [t\u1ee9c Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed] \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb:<\/p>\n

[…] L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng \u00d0\u1ea1i M\u00e3o, huy\u1ec7n Si\u00eau Lo\u1ea1i [nay l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh, B\u1eafc Ninh] v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tay phong l\u01b0u c\u00f4ng t\u1eed, con trai c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea l\u00e0 L\u00ea Do\u00e3n Gi\u1ea3n. Khi tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, Qu\u00fdnh ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c, vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n vi\u1ec7c v\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp qua. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia v\u00ec l\u00e0 con nh\u00e0 qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c th\u00e2n c\u1eadn, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o l\u00e0m gia th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 vua. \u00d0\u1ebfn khi qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n t\u1edbi x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, Kinh th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, Qu\u00fdnh v\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh vua theo h\u1ea7u Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu l\u00ean Cao B\u1eb1ng, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eaft, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ec Qu\u00fdnh h\u01a1i bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, cho n\u00ean khi chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecba ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u kho\u00e1c l\u00e1c. T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3, \u0111em l\u1eddi t\u00e2u l\u00ean, vua Thanh \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i may kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, Qu\u00fdnh t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau khi v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long, Qu\u00fdnh ch\u1ec9 lo \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n tr\u1ea3 o\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nhi\u00ean \u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t. Nh\u1eefng tay h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a Qu\u00fdnh. Vua cho l\u00e0 Qu\u00fdnh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, giao cho c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng Qu\u00fdnh m\u1eaft c\u00f2n cho\u00e1ng l\u1ed9n b\u00f3ng tinh k\u1ef3, tai ch\u01b0a nghe quen ti\u1ebfng chi\u00eang tr\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t binh b\u1ecb? Qu\u00fdnh b\u00e8n m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n xa r\u1eddi c\u1ea1nh vua, xin vua truy\u1ec1n cho vi\u00ean Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 S\u01a1n T\u00e2y \u0111em qu\u00e2n b\u1ea3n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Gi\u00e1n Kh\u1ea9u, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 Qu\u00fdnh c\u1ed1t cho m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ra tr\u1eadn; c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c chinh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay thua, n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 c\u00f2n hay m\u1ea5t, Qu\u00fdnh ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m g\u00ec<\/i>.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean, ta h\u00ecnh dung ra m\u1ed9t L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu \u1ea5m c\u00f4 chi\u00eau th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i du th\u1ee7 du th\u1ef1c, ph\u00e1 l\u00e0ng ph\u00e1 x\u00f3m. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng d\u00e8 b\u1ec9u m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n th\u00f3a m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Tuy kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c. Vi\u1ec7c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p \u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eb1m b\u00f4i b\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fa th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \u201c[…]<\/i> Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh chung v\u1ec1 Qu\u00ednh, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i HLNTC ch\u00ea Qu\u00ednh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadm t\u1ec7[…] Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng ta ch\u1edb qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Ch\u00ed (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u HLNTC) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Chi\u00eau-th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1i l\u00ean Cao-b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecm Th\u00e1i-h\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec-Nh\u1eadm l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi Qu\u00ednh[…]<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf c\u1ee5c B\u1eafc H\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft trong Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed<\/i> l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1ch quan h\u01a1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Theo B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh T\u00f9ng K\u00fd <\/i>v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed ghi trong Nam Thi\u00ean Trung Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c<\/i> (\u5357\u5929\u5fe0\u7fa9\u5be6\u9304) th\u00ec L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh [c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u00ea Do\u00e3n H\u1ef1u] ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng \u00d0\u1ea1i M\u00e3o, huy\u1ec7n Si\u00eau Lo\u1ea1i, ph\u1ee7 Thu\u1eadn An, t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 L\u00ea Do\u00e3n Gi\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea, nho sinh xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n tr\u00f4ng coi v\u1ec7 binh t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu, t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec3n cung \u0111\u1ea1i phu cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 25 tu\u1ed5i [1774] th\u00ec v\u00ec c\u00f3 tang cha n\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 nu\u00f4i m\u1eb9. N\u0103m B\u00ednh Ng\u1ecd [1786], khi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 ra b\u1eafc, vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean Giang B\u1eafc x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u00edt l\u00e2u sau th\u00ec tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

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SANG TRUNG HOA L\u1ea6N TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T<\/h2>\n

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PH\u1ee4C QU\u1ed0C<\/font><\/p>\n

X\u00e9t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n k\u00e9o ra l\u1ea5y danh ngh\u0129a \u201cph\u00f9 L\u00ea di\u1ec7t Tr\u1ecbnh<\/i>\u201d r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh suy y\u1ebfu n\u00ean chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 Ch\u00faa, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u201ctru\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf<\/i>\u201d vua L\u00ea l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t, \u0111em l\u1ea1i hoang mang, th\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1t cho s\u0129 phu \u00d0\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n 400 n\u0103m nay trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t b\u1ecb x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ea3ng Nam<\/i>\u201d m\u1ecdi r\u1ee3, xa x\u0103m. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n B\u1eafc H\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u00ec n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o, nhi\u1ec1u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nhanh ch\u00e2n ra c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u. <\/p>\n

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T\u1ef0 L\u1ef0C CH\u1ed0NG T\u00c2Y S\u01a0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 nghe l\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh \u0111em qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a hai phe Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00e1n, Tr\u1ecbnh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh B\u1eafc H\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i khung.<\/p>\n

Sau khi d\u1ee9t h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, anh em Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i t\u1ecbch bi\u00ean kho t\u00e0ng \u0111em v\u1ec1 Nam khi\u1ebfn cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u0103ng Long kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh n\u00ean b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfm kinh \u0111\u00f4, uy hi\u1ebfp nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1eefu l\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh (khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An) v\u1ec1 d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Tuy Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m y\u00ean b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc khi\u1ebfn cho qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n k\u00e9o ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tan t\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebf B\u1ed3ng Nga ra \u0111\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t 400 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 c\u00f2n b\u1eadn giao tranh v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c r\u1ed3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u00d0\u00e0ng Trong, \u00f4ng giao l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb B\u1eafc H\u00e0 cho m\u1ed9t t\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 V\u00f5 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm, sau l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf. Theo nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn chu to\u00e0n vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecb an. Ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, v\u00f9ng trung ch\u00e2u mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

D\u1eabu th\u1ebf, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u1ef1u tri\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bao nhi\u00eau, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vua L\u00ea c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n trong c\u00e1c th\u00f4n \u1ea5p, di \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tai m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. Ri\u00eang th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u00e1i h\u1eadu (m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng phi (v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng) c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9a con nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean Cao B\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n trung th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng Nguy\u1ec5n Huy T\u00fac.<\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

NGUY\u00caN NH\u00c2N CH\u1ea0Y SANG LONG CH\u00c2U<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ch\u01b0a bu\u00f4ng tha n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n [1788], \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sang Trung Hoa. Sau m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i, \u0103n rau r\u1eebng, qu\u00e2n tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng nh\u00e0 Thanh b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn Long Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho quan s\u1edf t\u1ea1i.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y sang n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba xin n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tin \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi<\/i>\u201d. T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb, t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 sau khi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u00e2u l\u00ean vua C\u00e0n Long \u0111\u1ec3 xin ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 sang m\u1ed9t qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i – m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p khi phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m \u00d0inh M\u00f9i (Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean), khi qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n [do V\u0169 V\u0103n Nh\u1eadm l\u00e0m ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf] ra b\u1eafc l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, vua L\u00ea ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean L\u1ea1ng Giang. L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh \u0111em h\u01a1n 300 gia nh\u00e2n h\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 theo nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 40,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 500 chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01a1i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi tay \u00f4ng. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng lao n\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i H\u1ea7u (\u9577\u6d3e\u4faf)[10]<\/a>. Khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1i h\u1eadu [m\u1eb9 vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng], nguy\u00ean phi [v\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng] Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Kim v\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng l\u00e0 L\u00ea Duy Thuy\u00ean [s\u01a1 sinh] \u0111ang \u1edf Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean n\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua sai L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c \u00d0\u1ed1ng [anh c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng phi] sang l\u00e0m t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gia quy\u1ebfn. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y gian nguy \u0111\u01b0a \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n sang Trung Hoa d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111em qu\u00e2n sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m l\u01b0u vong nh\u00e0 L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n \u201cc\u00f5ng r\u1eafn c\u1eafn g\u00e0 nh\u00e0<\/i>\u201d. T\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, khi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Nguy\u1ec5n Huy T\u00fac g\u1eedi T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb trong v\u0103n kh\u1ed1 Trung Hoa, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi di v\u0103n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

XU\u1ea4T B\u00d4N SANG QU\u1ea2NG T\u00c2Y<\/font><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh Trung Hoa, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. D\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a Ph\u1ea3n Thanh Ph\u1ee5c Minh, m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ed9i k\u00edn<\/i>\u201d c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u00d0\u1ecba H\u1ed9i do L\u00e2m S\u1ea3ng V\u0103n c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea3o \u00d0\u00e0i Loan ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ebfn. T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c M\u00e2n Tri\u1ebft Ph\u00fac Khang An – con c\u1ee7a danh t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u00f3 H\u1eb1ng – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p qu\u00e2n th\u1ee7y b\u1ed9 ra b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 huy m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu, Ph\u00fac Khang An nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1nh tan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec5u tr\u1eeb \u201cgi\u1eb7c c\u1ecf<\/i>\u201d th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u1eebng l\u1eaby m\u00e0 vua C\u00e0n Long r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc \u00fd. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng danh l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n n\u00ean \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo vi\u1ec7c h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tuy ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t chu \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd T\u00f4n n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 cao, ch\u1eadm n\u1eefa s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn vua L\u00ea sang \u201ct\u1ecb n\u1ea1n<\/i>\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n, m\u00e0 theo mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea th\u00ec c\u00f2n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n Ph\u00fac Khang An nhi\u1ec1u: Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 B\u1eafc H\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, m\u1ed9t khi qu\u00e2n Thanh \u201cthanh vi\u1ec7n<\/i>\u201d [l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3] th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n t\u1eed nh\u00e0 L\u00ea ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 xin Thanh tri\u1ec1u can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n chia cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea5t Cao B\u1eb1ng [qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy T\u00fac] l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 dung th\u00e2n [nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb d\u00e0nh cho con ch\u00e1u nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c] [11]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup> nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng sang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i thi h\u00e0nh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Thanh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbm l\u1eddi theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i, khi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft \u00e1n ngay ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fai b\u1ea9y.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng t\u00e2u l\u00ean nh\u00e2n danh \u201ct\u1ef1 ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed3n vong, h\u01b0ng di\u1ec7t k\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t<\/i>\u201d v\u1ed1n d\u0129 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 chi\u00eau b\u00e0i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.[12]<\/a> Vua C\u00e0n Long, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu v\u00f5, l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i c\u1eed ngay T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy, ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng \u00d0\u00f4ng, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, V\u00e2n Nam, Qu\u00ed Ch\u00e2u sang l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc cho L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ec3 danh ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfn binh sang An Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb sai m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecm cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 xin nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111em qu\u00e2n sang \u0111\u00e1nh Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n th\u01b0 qua l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i theo \u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m xin vi\u1ec7n binh m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 giao tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i B\u1eafc H\u00e0 cho nh\u00e0 L\u00ea.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u1edd tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh [\u0111i k\u00e8m theo l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3] c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc An Nam t\u1eeb khi l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ecd L\u00ea l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 ban b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n, l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ed s\u0129 phu. Gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c ti\u1ebfm v\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 60 n\u0103m, v\u1eady m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. R\u1ed3i trung h\u01b0ng h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m, c\u00f3 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, vua n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i tuy l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam c\u00f3 h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh, ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i, b\u1eafc c\u00f3 Tr\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh, gi\u1eef binh quy\u1ec1n cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 Tr\u1ecbnh l\u1eabn Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i, khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng coi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1. \u00d0\u1ebfn khi l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c l\u1ed9 ra, c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng th\u00eam c\u00e0n r\u1ee1. Ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ea5y n\u0103m, Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1i \u00d0\u1ee9c. Nay l\u1ea1i th\u00eam t\u1ed9i c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd L\u00ea \u00e2n tr\u1ea1ch th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng, bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n th\u00ec d\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1, Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1eb7c tuy m\u1ea1nh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i theo.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 mong thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, ban b\u1ed1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9c cho k\u1ebb kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3, \u0111em binh tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1t bi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf thanh vi\u1ec7n cho h\u1ea1 qu\u1ed1c<\/u>, d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nghe tin, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u00e1nh ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn binh thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c, Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u1eaft s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ngay.<\/i> [14]<\/a><\/p>\n

Trong khi L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 v\u1ebd ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chia qu\u00e2n th\u1ee7y b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o Th\u0103ng Long v\u00e0 Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a th\u00ec L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 xin \u201cthi\u00ean s\u01b0 \u00e1p c\u1ea3nh, vi h\u1ea1 qu\u1ed1c chi thanh vi\u1ec7n<\/i>\u201d (\u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 qu\u1ed1c), r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd \u0111em qu\u00e2n sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u1ee4C \u0110\u00cdCH C\u1ee6A THANH TRI\u1ec0U<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m t\u00f4ng t\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 L\u00ea ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sang Long Ch\u00e2u mong mu\u1ed1n to l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u1edf l\u1ea1i Trung Hoa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i giao v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho quan ch\u1ee9c s\u1edf t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eddi Thanh, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang qua l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ng\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 \u0111i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ec1, d\u00f9 t\u1eeb Trung Hoa ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc hay t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 di th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 L\u00ea v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng k\u1ec3 r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbch truy s\u00e1t [ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi tr\u1ed1n sang \u1edf phi ph\u00e1p] hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng quan nh\u00e0 Thanh s\u1ebd v\u1ecb t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ebfch th\u1ebfch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd hay v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u00e2n th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1ea9u cung \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Khi bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m t\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng b\u00e1o l\u00ean tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y T\u00f4n V\u0129nh Thanh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb. T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb li\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn sinh m\u1ec7nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c \u1edf ph\u00eda nam m\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t cho ho\u1ea1n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean vua C\u00e0n Long v\u1eabn ao \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1eadp To\u00e0n L\u00e3o Nh\u00e2n\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb. Danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cth\u1eadp to\u00e0n<\/i>\u201d mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u1ea9n n\u00e1u m\u1ed9t m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f5 c\u00f4ng oanh li\u1ec7t n\u00ean t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00e0i thao l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Vua C\u00e0n Long r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi khi nghe b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam \u2013 Qu\u00ed Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y chia th\u00e0nh hai ng\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

QU\u00c2N THANH V\u01af\u1ee2T QUA NAM QUAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1edd M\u00e3o [25-11-1788] qu\u00e2n Thanh t\u1ebf c\u1edd m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qua Nam Quan. L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh v\u00e0 L\u00ea Duy \u0110\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf trung qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb. T\u1edbi L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i hai ng\u00e0y ch\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1c \u0111i sang k\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n

Nghe tin n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n r\u00fat v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef Ti\u00ean L\u1ec7 (\u5148\u9e97), C\u1ea7n D\u1ecbch (\u82b9\u9a5b), Ha H\u1ed9 (\u8a36), Tr\u1ee5 H\u1eefu (\u67f1\u53f3), d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n gi\u1eb7c. Khi ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n L\u00ea Duy \u00d0\u1ea3n, Tr\u1ea7n Danh \u00c1n, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh sang Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y mang theo t\u1edd b\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi qu\u00e2n Thanh ti\u1ebfn qua kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda \u1ea3i th\u00ec vua L\u00ea s\u1ebd t\u1edbi ngay \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng Th\u0103ng Long. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e2n Thanh ra kh\u1ecfi Nam Quan \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u n\u00ean ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng M\u1ed9t n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n [8-12-1788], T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb sai L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh \u0111i t\u00ecm vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng. L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i trong B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh L\u01b0\u1ee3c K\u00fd<\/i>[15]<\/a> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n c\u1eadt v\u1ea5n L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh r\u1eb1ng:<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

– Sao b\u1ea3n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda \u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n t\u00e1m tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m sao ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0129nh g\u00ec?<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 xin m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u1ee7. T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng. <\/i><\/p>\n

Nghe tin qu\u00e2n Nam thua \u1edf s\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ed9i h\u1ea7u T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Phan V\u0103n L\u00e2n (\u6f58\u6587\u7498) \u0111em binh l\u00ean gi\u1eef Th\u1ecb C\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u1edf b\u1edd s\u00f4ng ph\u00eda nam, l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3n lu\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng tre, g\u1ed7 d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tri\u1ec1u Long d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n qua s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai t\u1eadp h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i doanh c\u1ee7a Phan V\u0103n L\u00e2n. Phan V\u0103n L\u00e2n r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Th\u0103ng Long.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

Qu\u00e2n Thanh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd ph\u00eda b\u1eafc s\u00f4ng Nh\u0129 H\u00e0. \u0110\u1ea1i T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n S\u1edf cho r\u00fat to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 n\u00fai Tam \u0110i\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i c\u00e1o c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi vua Quang Trung. <\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 21, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh \u0111\u01b0a vua L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb \u1edf b\u1edd s\u00f4ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Nh\u0129 H\u00e0. Ng\u00e0y 22, vua L\u00ea c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n Thanh v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i Th\u0103ng Long.<\/p>\n

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TR\u1ede L\u1ea0I TH\u0102NG LONG<\/h2>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

TRI\u1ec0U \u0110\u00ccNH CHI\u00caU TH\u1ed0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau khi t\u00e1i l\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, vua L\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba th\u1eafng t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc H\u00e0 n\u00ean giao cho L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh lo li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. Tuy nhi\u00ean Thanh tri\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap cho vua L\u00ea ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1eafng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n hai b\u00ean chia quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3 hai. Vi\u1ec7c T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u201cd\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng<\/i>\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 khi\u1ebfn cho vua t\u00f4i nh\u00e0 L\u00ea kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau khi h\u1ecd T\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u00e9p vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i thu h\u1ed3i binh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 giao cho L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u201cb\u00ecnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1<\/i> (\u5e73\u7ae0\u4e8b) vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9, vi\u1ec7c binh<\/i>\u201d lo vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh. <\/p>\n

B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh L\u01b0\u1ee3c K\u00fd<\/i> trong Nam Phong (125) ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

[…] th\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1p, theo s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u ban xu\u1ed1ng phong cho t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n l\u00e0m An Nam qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/i>[vua L\u00ea] ban cho L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng binh. C\u0169ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3, L\u00ea v\u01b0\u01a1ng sai L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh lo vi\u1ec7c binh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1eb7c <\/i>[qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n]. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec7n chi\u00eau h\u00e0ng n\u00ean \u00e9p qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111u\u1ed5i theo l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfm \u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 <\/i>(ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 lo vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd). V\u1eeba l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh n\u1ed5i c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t n\u1eb7ng n\u00ean xin v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 <\/i>[qu\u00ea l\u00e0ng \u00d0\u1ea1i M\u00e3o] ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c<\/i>[…][17]<\/a><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nghi v\u1ea5n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 n\u00ean b\u1ecf \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecb T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc n\u00ean b\u1ebd m\u1eb7t. Theo Kh\u00e2m \u00d0\u1ecbnh An Nam K\u1ef7 L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n XXVI (tr. 1-3) T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb [l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i sang l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean sau khi thua tr\u1eadn b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng] ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 3 th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m C\u00e0n Long th\u1ee9 55 (1790) t\u00e2u l\u00ean:<\/p>\n

N\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh \u0111\u01b0a m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f5 c\u1eeda quan c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u. Th\u1ea7n <\/i>[T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng] \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean \u1ea3i Vi\u1ec7t T\u00e2y <\/i>[t\u1ee9c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y] xem x\u00e9t c\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 L\u00ea, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00ed kh\u00e1i, xem ra nhanh nh\u1eb9n th\u00e1o v\u00e1t n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 sai \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ea3ng \u00d0\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecm ch\u1ee7.<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng tu\u00e2n theo th\u00e1nh \u00e2n c\u1ea5p cho L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n n\u00ean khi g\u1eb7p L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf qua b\u00e1o tin li\u1ec1n cho y theo l\u00e0m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1ec1 sau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u n\u00ean th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 sai y \u0111i t\u00ecm, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5u s\u00e1t qua s\u00f4ng, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c L\u00ea th\u00e0nh <\/i>[t\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long] r\u1ed3i, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n doanh.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean do l\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd d\u00f2 th\u00e1m th\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng Th\u1ecd X\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u1ecb C\u1ea7u, Ph\u00fa L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng quan binh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng n\u1ed5i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ra. Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ngay b\u1ecdn L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y qua c\u1eeda \u1ea3i, n\u00f3i kho\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng \u1edf x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a s\u0129 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ea1i binh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfp tay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c.<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng binh \u1edf b\u1edd s\u00f4ng L\u00ea th\u00e0nh, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111i theo L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t t\u0103m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u1eefa. Th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 th\u00ec nghe n\u00f3i L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh b\u1ecb s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t n\u1eb7ng, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ngo\u1ea1 b\u1ec7nh<\/u>. Th\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 l\u00fac n\u00e0y L\u00ea th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a tr\u1eeb xong, \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fac l\u1eb7ng thinh ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb, n\u00ean m\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n cho y \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i khi c\u00f2n \u1edf n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba <\/i>[t\u1ee9c \u1edf Trung Hoa] t\u1eebng b\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ea1i binh xu\u1ea5t quan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd v\u00e2n t\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng gi\u1eb7c huy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn, n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp ngh\u0129a d\u0169ng, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 thanh uy \u0111\u00e2u?<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i c\u00e1o \u1ed1m kh\u00f4ng ra, \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat thi\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ee5 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu. Th\u1ea7n n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi m\u1eafng m\u1ecf, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ph\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ea1 d\u1ea1, kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7ng h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh <\/i>[ng\u01b0\u01a1i] tuy c\u00f3 \u1ed1m th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng <\/i>[c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i] v\u00ec khi L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng u\u1ef7 nhi\u1ec7m n\u00ean m\u1edbi tho\u00e1i th\u00e1c?<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n xem y t\u00ednh kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 b\u1ea1c b\u1ebdo. L\u1ea1i nghe L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u1edf kinh th\u00e0nh, tru l\u1ee5c m\u1ea5y k\u1ebb b\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do m\u1ea5y k\u1ebb tu\u1ef3 t\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdn L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh x\u00fai bi\u1ec3u n\u00ean l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ng\u0103n L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0m n\u1eefa. L\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i d\u1ee5 m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m c\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 cho y bi\u1ebft l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed khoan dung, thu ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 an l\u00f2ng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n tr\u1eafc, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c toan t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 khi\u1ebfn cho l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n, th\u00e2n th\u00edch chia l\u00eca.<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, c\u1ea7m t\u1edd d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft \u0111i ra.<\/i>[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

Theo s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khi nghe tin Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng Nh\u0129 H\u00e0, ch\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u phao r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 Trung Hoa. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd T\u00f4n th\u00ec \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Quan ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang.<\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

QU\u00c2N THANH TH\u1ea4T B\u1ea0I<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

CH\u1ea0Y V\u1ec0 QU\u1ea2NG T\u00c2Y<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Thanh khi\u1ebfn cho L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng ch\u1ea1y theo T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam Quan. Tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y T\u00f4n V\u0129nh Thanh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vua L\u00ea nh\u1eadp quan c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 20 t\u00f9y t\u00f2ng [nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i h\u1eadu v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed] v\u00e0o gi\u1edd th\u00e2n (bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3ng 4, 5 gi\u1edd) ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3y (th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu) n\u00ean l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Ninh t\u1ea1m tr\u00fa. <\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc kinh th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n n\u00ean mau ch\u00f3ng t\u1eadp trung th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1. L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh v\u00e0 L\u00ea Do\u00e3n Tr\u1ecb, Tr\u1ecbnh Hi\u1ebfn, L\u00fd B\u1ec9nh \u00d0\u1ea1o… \u1edf l\u1ea1i chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 binh s\u0129, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1eddi c\u01a1,<\/p>\n

2. L\u1ea1n Qu\u1eadn C\u00f4ng L\u00ea Duy Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9. <\/p>\n

Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a quan nh\u00e0 Thanh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh, d\u00e2n phu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00fai tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c sang ph\u00eda V\u00e2n Nam nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n qua c\u1eeda Nam Quan.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

VUA CHI\u00caU TH\u1ed0NG V\u00c0 T\u00d2NG TH\u1ea6N<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, vua L\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb [nh\u01b0 s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ch\u00e9p] v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb sau khi \u0111\u00e3 sang Trung Hoa. Theo m\u1ed9t t\u1edd bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd T\u00f4n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean vua C\u00e0n Long v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t tr\u1eadn th\u00ec khi v\u1eeba ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Quan, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e2u l\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111ang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Thanh tri\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c b\u1eaft.[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean danh ngh\u0129a, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111em qu\u00e2n sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ch\u01b0ng di\u1ec7t k\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t<\/i>\u201d, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng cho nh\u00e0 L\u00ea n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ng\u00f3 ng\u00e0ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng vua An Nam m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ebfu truy ra s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 th\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n c\u01a1.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch Tri\u1ec1u T\u1ea1p K\u1ef7<\/i> c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft khi vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

[…] Vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1o t\u1eeb T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t x\u00e3 t\u1eafc, nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 nh\u1edd T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n sang c\u1ee9u; xi\u1ebft bao c\u1ea3m kh\u00edch. Nay ng\u00e0i b\u1ecf \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00e0i xin n\u1eefa. C\u00fai xin <\/i>[ng\u00e0i] tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn. T\u00f4i xin tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i, thu th\u1eadp d\u00e2n, l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 lo m\u1ed9t phen n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu may m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do quan th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ebfn gi\u00fap cho, n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i theo xe th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd xin che ch\u1edf<\/u>\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb nghe \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1ea5y tay vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m g\u1ed7 r\u1eb1ng:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cNguy\u1ec5n Quang B\u00ecnh (t\u1ee9c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hu\u1ec7) kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u t\u00e2u xin th\u00eam qu\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ebd t\u1edbi. \u00d0\u1ea5t L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c, l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n \u1edf l\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m v\u00e0o y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Nam Ninh, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u\u201d<\/i>.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i do m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u1eabn h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb v\u1ed1n d\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng vua C\u00e0n Long. Ngay ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u00d0\u00e1n, t\u1ea1i Tr\u00f9ng Hoa Cung, vua Cao T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 28 v\u0103n quan [nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp b\u00e1t t\u00fa] \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 li\u00ean ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eafc \u00fd v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y.[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

Khi qu\u00e2n Thanh thua ch\u1ea1y, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng d\u00f2 \u00fd vua C\u00e0n Long \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch cho \u0111\u00fang \u00fd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi T\u00f4n V\u0129nh Thanh [tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y] \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed9i cho L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 tr\u1ed1n \u0111i l\u00e0m ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n l\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n trong khi theo c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec vua L\u00ea ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y theo khi th\u1ea5y vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea9u. <\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn khi th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u01a1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng vua L\u00ea l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00fac Khang An ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh C\u00e0n Long l\u1eabn Quang Trung c\u00f9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Trong khi \u0111ang ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m trao \u0111\u1ed5i, vua L\u00ea v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang B\u1eafc H\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng hai k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1eaft tay nhau v\u00e0 g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn, vua Quang Trung c\u0169ng b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Th\u0103ng Long l\u00ean L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda bang giao. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu T\u00e2y S\u01a1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u1eadn gi\u1ebft tuy\u1ec7t, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n Thanh \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u00f4ng Nh\u0129 H\u00e0 v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. C\u0169ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, tuy tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t – Thanh c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng quan l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc H\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Sau khi vua L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean, nh\u00f3m b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sang Trung Hoa v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi[23]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

– M\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng (Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc T\u1ed1 v\u00e0 L\u00ea Duy Thuy\u00ean)<\/p>\n

– Ho\u00e0ng \u00cdch Hi\u1ec3u, phi\u00ean m\u1ee5c Cao B\u1eb1ng, t\u01b0\u1edbc \u00d0\u1ecbch Qu\u1eadn C\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c \u00d0\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 T\u00ec B\u00e0, huy\u1ec7n Lang T\u00e0i [anh c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng phi Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Kim]<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea1m Nh\u01b0 T\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0 Tr\u00ec, \u0111\u1ec1 l\u0129nh<\/p>\n

– L\u00ea H\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 N\u1ed9n Li\u1ec5u, huy\u1ec7n Nam \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea1m \u00d0\u00ecnh Thi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 B\u00e1c Tr\u1ea1ch, huy\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2n \u00d0\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

– L\u00ea V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 Ngh\u0129a \u00d0\u1ed3ng, huy\u1ec7n Nam \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

– L\u00ea Qu\u00ed Th\u00edch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 \u00d0\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng, huy\u1ec7n Y\u00ean \u00d0\u1ecbnh[24]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng Ba, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u00e0 Thanh ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u00ean sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– Phan Kh\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u1ec5n \u00d0\u00ecnh B\u00e1i<\/p>\n

– Ho\u00e0ng \u00d0\u00ecnh C\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u1ec5n \u00d0\u00ecnh Li\u1ec5n<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng T\u01b0, Ph\u00fac Khang An l\u1ea1i t\u00e2u l\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– L\u00ea Duy \u00c1n (con \u00fat vua Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng, ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3) t\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Qu\u1eadn C\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

– L\u00ea Duy Tr\u1ee3 (th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 L\u00ea)<\/p>\n

– L\u00ea Duy Doanh (th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 L\u00ea)<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ea7n \u00d0\u1eafc B\u1ed3i<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u1ec5n \u00d0\u00ecnh Hoa<\/p>\n

– \u00d0\u1eb7ng Kim Hu\u00e2n<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u1ec5n \u00d0\u00ecnh Dung<\/p>\n

– V\u0169 Xu\u00e2n B\u1ec9nh<\/p>\n

– Phan Kh\u1ea3i T\u00edch<\/p>\n

– Phan M\u1ea1nh Hi\u1ec1n…<\/p>\n

Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac Khang An v\u00e0 T\u00f4n V\u0129nh Thanh th\u00ec s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m tr\u00fa \u1edf Qu\u1ebf L\u00e2m l\u00e0 376 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[25]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh H\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam H\u00e1n V<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n Ti\u1ec3u Thuy<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t T\u00f9ng San<\/i>, L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Ti\u1ec3u Thuy\u1ebft Lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec7 ng\u0169 s\u00e1ch: Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed, (\u00d0\u00e0i Loan: H\u1ecdc Sinh th\u01b0 c\u1ee5c, 1987) tr. 241<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u0110\u1eddi Thu\u1eadn Tr\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi Thanh binh nh\u1eadp quan (1645) nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110a Nh\u0129 C\u1ed5n [Aisin-Gioro Dorgon -\u591a\u723e\u889e] ra l\u1ec7nh trong v\u00f2ng 10 ng\u00e0y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1o n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c d\u00e0i t\u1ebft th\u00e0nh \u0111u\u00f4i sam. Ai kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o theo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 Thanh. R\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Theo nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i 10 n\u0103m sau lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Hoa cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX khi nh\u00e0 Thanh b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Trong Khi<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>u <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u00ecnh T\u1ea1p L\u1ee5c<\/i> [\u562f\u4ead\u96dc\u9304] c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eau Li\u00ean [\u662d\u69e4] \u0111\u1eddi Thanh, quy\u1ec3n IX ti\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cAn Nam T\u1ee9 Th\u1ea7n\u201d [\u5b89\u5357\u56db\u81e3] c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

N<\/i>\u0103<\/i>m K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu <\/i>[1789] <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1eddi C\u00e0n Long, Ph\u00fac V<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n T\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/i>[t\u1ee9c Ph\u00fac Khang An] nh\u1eadn cho Nguy\u1ec5n Quang B\u00ecnh v<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> h\u00e0ng n\u00ean <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0a vua c<\/i>\u0169<\/i> c\u1ee7a An Nam l\u00e0 L\u00ea Duy K<\/i>\u1ef3<\/i> l\u00ean kinh <\/i>\u0111\u00f4<\/i>, gia nh\u1eadp Nh\u01b0\u01a1ng Ho\u00e0ng K<\/i>\u1ef3<\/i> H\u00e1n qu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n. B\u1ecdn b\u1ed3i th\u1ea7n L\u00ea Qu<\/i>\u00fd<\/i>nh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng ch\u1ecbu thay <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ed5i y ph\u1ee5c, ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn b\u1eaft giam v\u00e0o ng\u1ee5c. <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n khi <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ee9c kim th\u01b0\u1ee3ng <\/i>[t\u1ee9c vua Gia Kh\u00e1nh] l\u00ean ng<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>i m\u1edbi cho <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0a ra s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Ho\u1ea3 Kh\u00ed Doanh, b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, ng<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>m v\u1ecbnh kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng th<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>i. <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n n<\/i>\u0103<\/i>m Qu\u00ed H\u1ee3i <\/i>[1803] <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1eddi Gia Kh\u00e1nh, qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng N<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng N\u1ea1i <\/i>[\u0110\u1ed3ng Nai] Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac <\/i>\u00c1<\/i>nh di\u1ec7t <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c con ch\u00e1u Quang B\u00ecnh, d<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>ng bi\u1ec3u x\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn cho h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c, phong l\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7t Nam qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n th<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i> m\u1edbi cho b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s<\/i>\u0129<\/i> tu\u1ea5n ki\u1ec7t <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ea5t man di v\u1eady.<\/i><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7t Nam H\u00e1n V<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n Ti\u1ec3u Thuy<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t T\u00f9ng San<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n 6 (\u00d0\u00e0i B\u1eafc: \u00d0\u00e0i Loan H\u1ecdc Sinh th\u01b0 c\u1ee5c, 1986) do Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh H\u1ea1o v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Kh\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Trong Trung Vi\u1ec7t Quan H\u1ec7 S\u1eed Lu\u1eadn V<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n T\u1eadp<\/i> (\u4e2d\u8d8a\u95dc\u4fc2\u53f2\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6) [1992] Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00fa D\u00e2n (\u5f35\u79c0\u6c11) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cMinh \u0110\u1ea1i Giao Ch\u1ec9 Nh\u00e2n Di Nh\u1eadp N\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ecba Ch\u1ee9c Quan Bi\u1ec3u\u201d (\u660e\u4ee3\u4ea4\u962f\u4eba\u79fb\u5165\u5167\u5730\u8077\u5b98\u8868), t\u1eeb tr. 88-109<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Hi\u1ec7n nay trong tay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ba b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n V\u0103n:<\/p>\n

1. L\u00ea Qu<\/i>\u00fd<\/i>nh B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh T\u00f9ng K<\/i>\u00fd<\/i> trong Vi\u1ec7t Nam H\u00e1n V<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n Ti\u1ec3u Thuy<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t T\u00f9ng San<\/i> [quy\u1ec3n VI] do Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh H\u1ea1o v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Kh\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean (Paris-Taipei: \u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019Extr\u00eame-Orient, 1986) tr. 98-117<\/p>\n

2. B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh T\u00f9ng K<\/i>\u00fd<\/i>, b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m [H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i] (VHv108) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea1i theo l\u1ed1i ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh trong Vi\u1ec7t Nam H\u00e1n V<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n Y\u00ean H\u00e0nh V<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n Hi<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n T\u1eadp Th\u00e0nh<\/i> [t\u1eadp VI] (Ph\u1ee5c \u00d0\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc xbx, 2010) tr. 75-150<\/p>\n

3. B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh L\u01b0\u1ee3c K<\/u><\/i>\u00fd<\/u><\/i> \u0111\u0103ng trong Nam Phong T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed, ph\u1ea7n H\u00e1n V\u0103n t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 125-131<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1969, trong ba T\u1eadp San S\u1eed \u00d0\u1ecba t\u1eadp 13, 14 -15, 16, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng phu \u201ch\u1ed3i k<\/i>\u00fd<\/i> ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/i>\u201d B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh T\u00f9ng K\u00fd v\u1edbi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 13 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ng\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra v\u00ec nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa (vua C\u00e0n Long m\u1ea5t, vua Gia Kh\u00e1nh l\u00ean ng\u00f4i) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ngay t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam (nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t, nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc) n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c t\u00f2ng vong nh\u00e0 L\u00ea v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean qu\u00e1n. <\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n nhan \u0111\u1ec1 B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh L\u01b0\u1ee3c K<\/i>\u00fd<\/i> tr\u00ean Nam Phong s\u1ed1 125 \u0111\u1ebfn 131, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nam Phong phong ph\u00fa, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn [m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n Nam Phong g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh h\u01a1n]. <\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n trong Nam Thi\u00ean Trung Ngh<\/i>\u0129<\/i>a Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c<\/i>. Qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Trung Hoa, Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1edbi s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i cho g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c. Trong bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n ghi l\u00e0 B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh L\u01b0\u1ee3c K\u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nam Phong.<\/u><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u0103n th\u01b0 do ch\u00ednh Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm vi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi<\/u>\u1ebf<\/u>t nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh<\/u>\u00f4<\/u>ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/u>\u0111\u00e3<\/u> s\u1ed1ng hay l\u00e0m quan tri<\/u>\u1ec1<\/u>u Quang Trung<\/u> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i (kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX). Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Quang Trung trong HLNTC kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 do m\u1ed9t c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft v\u00ec qu\u00e1 sai l\u1ea7m so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/u>\u0111<\/u>\u1ea7u<\/u> do Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Ch\u00ed [\u5433\u6642\u4fe7] bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n. M\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh<\/u>\u00f4<\/u>ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ng<\/u>\u00f4<\/u> Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm<\/u>.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Ng\u00f4 Gia V\u0103n Ph\u00e1i, Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed<\/i>, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00d0\u1ee9c V\u00e2n \u2013 Ki\u1ec1u Thu Ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch (2002) tr. 370-1<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n:<\/p>\n

\u4e14\u8aaa\u9ece\u8d85\u985e\u5927\u536f\u4eba\uff0c\u672c\u662f\u98a8\u6d41\u516c\u5b50[\u9ece\u671d\u9032\u58eb\u9ece\u5141\u50f4\u4e4b\u5b50]\uff0c\u5c11\u5e74\u53ea\u4ee5\u98f2\u535a\u70ba\u4e8b\uff0c\u6587\u4e8b\u6b66\u5099\uff0c\u975e\u6240\u7d20\u8b1b\uff0c\u5411\u56e0\u8cb4\u8fd1\u5165\u70ba\u5bb6\u81e3\u3002\u8fe8\u897f\u8cca\u4f86\u4fb5\uff0c\u4eac\u57ce\u5931\u5b88\uff0c\u5e1d\u4ee4\u5f9e\u592a\u540e\u99d5\u4e4b\u9ad8\u5e73\uff0c\u70ba\u6575\u4eba\u8ffd\u903c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6295\u5167\u5730\uff0c\u7de3\u4ed6 \u7a0d\u8b58\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u6545\u8207\u6b64\u4eba\u7b54\u554f\uff0c\u5f04\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u5927\u8a00\u3002\u5b6b\u7e3d\u7763\u4ea6\u4e0d\u70ba\u5bdf\uff0c\u70ba\u4e4b\u984c\u9054\uff0c\u6e05\u5e1d\u6e96\u5141\uff0c\u5e78\u5f97\u5fa9\u570b\uff0c\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u529f\u3002\u65e2\u9084\u6607\u9f8d\uff0c\u4fbf\u79c1\u5831\u6069\u4ec7\uff0c\u516c\u79c1\u8ca8\u8cc4\uff0c\u570b\u4e2d\u8c6a\u5091\u7686\u5fc3\u4e0d\u559c \u4ed6\u3002\u5e1d\u4ee5\u5176\u6709\u529f\uff0c\u59d4\u4e4b\u5175\u67c4\uff0c\u76ee\u5f92\u7729\u65cc\u65d7\u4e4b\u8272\uff0c\u8033\u672a\u805e\u91d1\u9f13\u4e4b\u8072\uff0c\u77e7\u80fd\u4f5c\u4f55\u6ce8\u63aa\uff0c\u56e0\u6258\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6b32\u9060\u96e2\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8acb\u5e1d\u52c5\u5c71\u897f\u93ad\u5b88\u5148\u5c07\u672c\u9053\u5175\u5c6f\u4e8e\u6f97\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u585e\u897f\u5c71\u4f86\u8def\uff0c\u5180\u5df1\u514d\u65bc\u81e8\u620e\uff0c\u800c\u6230\u4e4b\u52dd\u6557\uff0c\u570b\u4e4b\u5b89\u5371\u4e0d\u6064\u4e5f\u3002<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh H\u1ea1o (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean). Vi\u1ec7t Nam H\u00e1n V<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n Ti\u1ec3u Thuy<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t T\u00f9ng San<\/i> [quy\u1ec3n 5] Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed<\/i> (Paris-Taipei: \u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019\u00c9tr\u00eame-Orient, 1986) h\u1ed3i 14 tr. 230-1<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch \u00e2m:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh Si\u00eau Lo\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ea1i M\u00e3o nh\u00e2n, b\u1ed5n th\u1ecb phong l\u01b0u c\u00f4ng t\u1eed [L\u00ea tri\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 L\u00ea Do\u00e3n Gi\u1ea3n chi t\u1eed], thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u0129 \u1ea9m b\u00e1c vi s\u1ef1, v\u0103n s\u1ef1 v\u0169 b\u1ecb, phi s\u1edf t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e2n qu\u00fd c\u1eadn nh\u1eadp vi gia th\u1ea7n. \u00d0\u00e3i T\u00e2y t\u1eb7c lai x\u00e2m, kinh th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ec7nh t\u00f2ng th\u00e1i h\u1eadu gi\u00e1 chi Cao B\u1eb1ng, vi \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n truy b\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, duy\u00ean tha s\u1ea3o th\u1ee9c v\u0103n t\u1ef1, c\u1ed1 d\u1eef th\u1eed nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p v\u1ea5n, l\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a \u0111a \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n. T\u00f4n t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c di\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t vi s\u00e1t, vi chi \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1t, Thanh \u0111\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n du\u1eabn, h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ef1 d\u0129 vi c\u00f4ng. K\u00fd ho\u00e0n Th\u0103ng Long, ti\u1ec7n t\u01b0 b\u00e1o \u00e2n c\u1eebu, c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u1ed1i, qu\u1ed1c trung h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t giai t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t h\u1ec9 tha. \u00d0\u1ebf d\u0129 k\u00ec h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng, \u1ee7y chi binh b\u00ednh, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3 huy\u1ec5n tinh k\u00ec chi s\u1eafc, nh\u0129 v\u1ecb v\u0103n kim c\u1ed5 chi thanh, th\u1ea9n n\u0103ng t\u00e1c h\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u1ed1, nh\u00e2n th\u00e1c d\u0129 b\u1ea5t d\u1ee5c vi\u1ec5n li t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu, th\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebf s\u1eafc S\u01a1n T\u00e2y tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 ti\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ea1o binh tru\u00e2n vu Gi\u1ea3n Kh\u1ea9u, d\u0129 t\u1eafc T\u00e2y S\u01a1n lai l\u1ed9, k\u00fd k\u1ec9 mi\u1ec5n \u01b0 l\u00e2m nhung, nhi chi\u1ebfn chi th\u1eafng b\u1ea1i, qu\u1ed1c chi an nguy b\u1ea5t tu\u1ea5t d\u00e3.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i trong B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh L\u01b0\u1ee3c K\u00fd: <\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 9 [th\u00e1ng N<\/i>\u0103<\/i>m], qu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n T<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>y S\u01a1n k\u00e9o r\u1ed1c <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n, L\u00ea Qu<\/i>\u00fd<\/i>nh v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng <\/i>\u00cd<\/i>ch Hi\u1ec3u lui v<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00f2 nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa s<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng \u1edf Ph\u1ea5t M\u00ea. Qu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ecbch v<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>y \u1edf ph\u00eda t<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>y nam c\u00f2n ph\u00eda <\/i>\u0111\u00f4<\/i>ng b\u1eafc th\u00ec qu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n gi\u1eef \u1ea3i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ecba [t\u1ee9c Trung Hoa] tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef, ti<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n tho\u00e1i <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>u kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u00e1nh <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n ch<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n chi<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>u h<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>m <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u00f3 tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh, tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i <\/i>\u0111<\/i>en n\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u00e1nh ch\u1edbp m\u00e0 qua s<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng, t\u00ecm <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>i v\u00e0o trong n\u00fai s<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>u \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ea9u <\/i>\u00c1<\/i>o <\/i>[\u6597\u96a9] thu\u1ed9c v<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> n\u1ed9i <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ecba. Gia <\/i>\u0111<\/i>inh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n khi tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y qu\u1ed1c m\u1eabu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i hang n\u00fai. L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c h<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t, t\u00ecm <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i b\u1eafp ng<\/i>\u00f4<\/i> d<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>ng l\u00ean. S\u1ed1 60 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec <\/i>\u0103<\/i>n r\u1ec5 c\u1ed1t tu<\/i>\u00fd<\/i> b\u1ed5 <\/i>[\u9aa8\u788e\u88dc] t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 d\u1ea1i cho kh\u1ecfi <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u00f3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ch\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u01b0\u1ee1i ban n\u00f3i m\u00ea s\u1ea3ng, <\/i>\u0103<\/i>n c\u1ed1t tu<\/i>\u00fd<\/i> b\u1ed5 th\u00ec <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ee1 ngay.<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i> m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef \u1ea3i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ecba l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e0nh Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng <\/i>[\u9ec3\u6210\u9cf3] b\u00e1o tin l\u00ean quan th<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng ph\u00e1n Long Ch<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>u h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n [t\u00ean T\u00f9ng] xu\u1ed1ng <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ea9u <\/i>\u00c1<\/i>o <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec3 tra x\u00e9t t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i, nguy\u00ean do <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0a v<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> Long Ch<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>u r\u1ed3i tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ea1i l<\/i>\u00e3<\/i>o gia tri ph\u1ee7 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh h\u1ecd L\u1ee5c [t\u00ean H\u1eefu Nh<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n] <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean cho <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ea1o, tr\u1ea5n, ni<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t, phi\u00ean, ph\u1ee7, <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ed1c. Th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u th\u00ec <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0a <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n \u1edf t\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 Nam Ninh. <\/i>(B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch NDC)<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9 bia do Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng S\u1edf so\u1ea1n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0 H\u1ea7u<\/u> [\u9577\u6cb3\u4faf] m\u00e0 theo GS Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec vi\u1ebft th\u1ea3o n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea7m. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n r\u1eadp t\u1ea5m bia n\u00e0y n\u00ean xin ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n nghi.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Theo b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy T\u00fac trong \u201cB\u1eafc H\u00e0nh T\u00f9ng K\u00fd\u201d, La S\u01a1n Y\u00ean H\u1ed3 Ho\u00e0ng Xu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n H<\/i>\u00e3<\/i>n<\/i>, t\u1eadp II (1998), tr. 876<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7c x\u00fai b\u1ea9y hay gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n danh con ch\u00e1u c\u1ef1u tri\u1ec1u xin c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i \u0111em qu\u00e2n can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Hoa v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, th\u1eddi M\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb m\u1eadp m\u1edd t\u00e2u l\u00ean khi\u1ebfn vua C\u00e0n Long v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y sang T\u00e0u l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean khi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1i l\u1ed9, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xin cho L\u00ea Duy Ch\u1ec9 \u201cquy<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>n An Nam qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>\u201d nh\u01b0ng vua C\u00e0n Long e r\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t mai khi xong vi\u1ec7c, hai anh em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft th\u00ec s\u1ebd cho con trai [nguy\u00ean t\u1eed] L\u00ea Duy Thuy\u00ean [\u0111ang c\u00f9ng \u1edf v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 b\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i Nam Ninh] l\u00ean k\u1ebf v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> V\u0103n kh\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc h\u00f2m s\u1ed1 2778, bao s\u1ed1 163, s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u 39039 trong Nguy\u1ec7t Tri\u1ec7p Bao, Qu\u00e2n C\u01a1 X\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn n\u0103m C\u00e0n Long 53 (1788) <\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Theo c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef, h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh T\u00f9ng K\u00fd<\/i> [ghi l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111i theo vua sang \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc]. Ri\u00eang trong Nam Phong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, h\u1ed3i k\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ghi l\u00e0 B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh L\u01b0\u1ee3c K\u00fd. Trong bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, khi n\u00e0o ghi l\u00e0 B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh L\u01b0\u1ee3c K\u00fd<\/i> th\u00ec tr\u00edch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch [c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 NDC] cu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh theo b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nam Phong. <\/u><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh L\u01b0\u1ee3c K<\/i>\u00fd<\/i> ch\u00e9p: <\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u00ea Qu<\/i>\u00fd<\/i>nh b\u00e0n m\u01b0u v\u1edbi L\u00ea <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ea3n:<\/i><\/p>\n

– Hi\u1ec7n nay qu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ecbch b\u1ecb thua lu<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>n m\u1ea5y tr\u1eadn, th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c<\/i>\u0169<\/i>ng t\u1eadp trung qu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n \u1edf n\u00fai Th\u1ecb C\u1ea7u <\/i>[\u5dff\u7403], d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1i th<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i> d\u00f9ng binh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 bi<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t ng<\/i>\u0103<\/i>n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ecbch ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau. V\u1eady n\u00ean d\u00f9ng k<\/i>\u1ef3<\/i> binh t\u1eadp k\u00edch \u1eaft ph\u00e1 <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t khi doanh Th\u1ecb C\u1ea7u b\u1ecb b\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u1ea5t tay l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00ea th\u00e0nh.<\/i><\/p>\n

Khi <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ea1i qu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n n\u00fai Tam T\u1eb1ng <\/i>[\u4e09\u5c64], L\u00ea <\/i>\u0110<\/i>\u1ea3n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0a k<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i> <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u00f3 l\u00ean, T<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>n <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ea1i nh<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n nghe theo, ng\u00e0y 20 ti<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n qu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n ph\u00e1 <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh Th\u1ecb C\u1ea7u, <\/i>\u0111<\/i>u\u1ed5i theo <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n t\u1eadn ph\u00eda b\u1eafc s<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng Ph\u00fa L\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/i>[\u5bcc\u6881], qu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n T<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>y S\u01a1n b\u1ecf th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y.<\/i><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a>[…]\u547d\u9ece\u7e3d\u7763\u5175\u9909\uff0c\u514b\u671f\u9032\u52e6\u3002\u5948\u5b6b\u5927\u4eba\u4e3b\u62db\u5fa0\u4e4b\u8b70\u3002\u4fc3\u570b\u738b\u8ffd\u53d6\u528d\u5370\u6539\u6388\u5e73\u7ae0\u4e8b \u3002\u6642\u9ece\u7627\u75be\u5927\u4f5c\u3002\u9042\u543f\u5047\u56d8\u5bb6\u670d\u85e5\u3002B\u1eafc H\u00e0nh L\u01b0\u1ee3c K<\/i>\u00fd<\/i>, NP 125, tr. 3<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u4e0a\u5e74\u9ece\u96a8\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u6bcd\u59bb\u3002\u7c72\u6551\u5165\u95dc\u3002\u81e3\u5230\u7cb5\u897f\u908a\u9698\u3002\u5bdf\u770b\u9ece\u6c0f\u820a\u81e3\u3002\u60df\u9ece\u8a00\u8fad\u8209\u52d5\u3002\u7565\u5177\u6c23\u6982\u3002\u5c1a\u5c6c\u5eb8\u4e2d\u4f7c\u4f7c\u3002\u55e3\u4f0a\u8acb\u5f9e\u5ee3\u6771\u4e00\u8def\u3002\u524d\u8d74\u8a72\u570b\u5c0b\u8a2a\u4f0a\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d93\u81e3\u594f\u8499\u8056\u6069\u3002\u8cde\u7d66\u9ece\u76e4\u8cbb\u3002\u4ee4\u5176\u524d\u5f80\u3002\u65cb\u5373\u9047\u898b\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u3002\u9032\u95dc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u81e3\u5373\u5e36\u4f0a\u51fa\u95dc\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u56ae\u5c0e\u3002\u56e0\u9014\u6b21\u672a\u898b\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u3002\u5fa9\u9063\u4f0a\u524d\u5f80\u5c0b\u8993\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u81e3\u4e00\u8def\u52e6\u6bba\u6e21\u6c5f\u514b\u5fa9\u9ece\u57ce\u4e4b\u5f8c\u3002\u9ece\u65b9\u96a8\u540c\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u4f86\u81f3\u8ecd\u71df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u84cb\u7da0\u4f0a\u7b49\u63a2\u77e5\u5900\u660c\u5e02\u7403\u5bcc\u826f\u7b49\u6c5f\u3002\u8cca\u6c1b\u751a\u60e1\u3002\u6df1\u616e\u5b98\u5175\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u52dd\u3002\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6562\u524d\u4f86\u3002\u81e3\u5373\u77e5\u9ece\u7b49\u524d\u6b64\u9032\u95dc\u3002\u76db\u7a31\u8a72\u570b\u7fa9\u5e2b\u5c6f\u805a\u3002\u5927\u5175\u4e00\u51fa\u95dc\u9580\u3002\u81ea\u5fc5\u6703\u5408\u52a9\u52e6\u4e4b\u8a00\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u5be6\u969b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81e3\u99d0\u5175\u9ece\u57ce\u6c5f\u5cb8\u6642\u3002\u9ece\u521d\u5c1a\u96a8\u540c\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u8b01\u898b\u6578\u6b21\u3002\u7e7c\u7adf\u5bc2\u7136\u4e0d\u81f3\u3002\u81e3\u5373\u9762\u8a62\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u3002\u64da\u7a31\u9ece\u60a3\u7627\u751a\u91cd\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5367\u75c5\u3002\u81e3\u4ee5\u9ece\u57ce\u521d\u5fa9\u3002\u6575\u51a6\u672a\u6bb1\u3002\u8c48\u662f\u85c9\u53e3\u990a\u75c5\u4e4b\u6642\u3002\u7576\u5373\u50b3\u81f3\u6c5f\u5cb8\u3002\u65a5\u4ee5\u723e\u7b49\u524d\u6b64\u5728\u5185\u5730\u3002\u7980\u7a31\u5927\u5175\u51fa\u95dc\u3002\u723e\u570b\u96f2\u96c6\u97ff\u61c9\u3002\u6628\u8207\u8cca\u5175\u9023\u6b21\u8840\u6230\u3002\u4e26\u672a\u898b\u723e\u7b49\u7cfe\u96c6\u7fa9\u52c7\u3002\u7a0d\u52a9\u8072\u5a01\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u53c8\u5367\u75c5\u4e0d\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u898b\u723e\u7b49\u5168\u7121\u5929\u826f\u3002\u8f9c\u8ca0\u6211\u5927\u7687\u5e1d\u5b57\u5c0f\u5b58\u4ea1\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u56b4\u52a0\u5475\u65a5\u3002\u9ece\u4f0f\u5730\u552f\u552f\u3002\u60df\u4ee5\u5be6\u5728\u60a3\u75c5\u70ba\u8fad\u3002\u81e3\u7ec6\u52a0\u63a1\u8a2a\u3002\u9ece\u60a3\u75c5\u96d6\u771f\u3002\u5176\u610f\u4ea6\u56e0\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u5f97\u570b\u5f8c\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c02\u5fc3\u59d4\u4efb\u3002\u56fa\u723e\u85c9\u8a5e\u63a8\u6258\u3002\u81e3\u4ee5\u5176\u4efb\u6c23\u4f7f\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u5927\u9ad4\u3002\u6df1\u8584\u5176\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e14\u805e\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u5728\u57ce\u5185\u3002\u8a85\u622e\u53db\u81e3\u6578\u4eba\u3002\u5927\u6982\u4fc2\u96a8\u5f9e\u51fa\u5954\u4e4b\u9ece\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u65c1\u616b\u607f\u3002\u81e3\u5373\u5411\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u7981\u963b\u3002\u4e26\u9762\u5beb\u6578\u767e\u8a00\u3002\u8aed\u4ee5\u6b64\u6642\u52d9\u9808\u5bec\u5927\u3002\u6536\u62fe\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002\u4ee5\u5b89\u53cd\u5074\u3002\u842c\u4e0d\u53ef\u65e5\u5716\u5831\u5fa9\u3002\u81f4\u4ee4\u773e\u53db\u89aa\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u61c9\u5141\u3002\u5c07\u81e3\u624b\u5beb\u8aed\u689d\u3002\u61f7\u4e4b\u800c\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch \u00e2m<\/p>\n

Tra th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ni\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh tu\u1ef3 L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 m\u1eabu th\u00ea. D\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadp quan. Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t T\u00e2y bi\u00ean \u1ea3i. S\u00e1t kh\u00e1n L\u00ea th\u1ecb c\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n. Duy L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1i. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c dung trung gi\u1ea3o gi\u1ea3o. T\u1ef1 y th\u1ec9nh t\u00f2ng Qu\u1ea3ng \u00d0\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ed9. Ti\u1ec1n ph\u00f3 cai qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea7m ph\u1ecfng y ch\u1ee7. <\/p>\n

Kinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ea5u m\u00f4ng th\u00e1nh \u00e2n. Th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5p L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh b\u00e0n ph\u00ed. L\u1ec7nh k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e3ng. To\u00e0n t\u1ee9c ng\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3. Ti\u1ebfn quan th\u00f4ng t\u00edn. Th\u1ea7n t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1i y xu\u1ea5t quan. T\u00e1c vi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 v\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3. Ph\u1ee5c khi\u1ec3n y ti\u1ec1n v\u00e3ng t\u1ea7m m\u1ecbch. Tr\u1ef1c ch\u00ed th\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u1ed9 ti\u1ec5u s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 giang kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c L\u00ea th\u00e0nh chi h\u1eadu. L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tu\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 lai ch\u00ed qu\u00e2n doanh. <\/p>\n

C\u00e1i l\u1ee5c y \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u00e1m tri Th\u1ecd X\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u1ecb C\u1ea7u, Ph\u00fa L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng giang. T\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n th\u1eadm \u00e1c. Th\u00e2m l\u1ef1 quan binh b\u1ea5t n\u0103ng th\u1ee7 th\u1eafng. Th\u1ecb d\u0129 b\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n lai. Th\u1ea7n t\u1ee9c tri L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ti\u1ec1n th\u1eed ti\u1ebfn quan. Th\u1ecbnh x\u01b0ng cai qu\u1ed1c ngh\u0129a s\u01b0 tru\u00e2n t\u1ee5. \u00d0\u1ea1i binh nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t quan m\u00f4n. T\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t h\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 ti\u1ec5u chi ng\u00f4n. H\u00e0o v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. <\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n tr\u00fa binh L\u00ea th\u00e0nh giang ng\u1ea1n th\u1eddi. L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh s\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn s\u1ed5 th\u1ee9. K\u1ebf c\u00e1nh t\u1ecbch nhi\u00ean b\u1ea5t ch\u00ed. Th\u1ea7n t\u1ee9c di\u1ec7n tu\u00e2n L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3. C\u1ee9 x\u01b0ng L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ho\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadm tr\u1ecdng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1 b\u1ec7nh. Th\u1ea7n d\u0129 L\u00ea th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 ph\u1ee5c. \u00d0\u1ecbch kh\u1ea5u v\u1ecb ti\u00eam. Kh\u1edfi th\u1ecb t\u1ecbch kh\u1ea9u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ec7nh chi th\u1eddi. \u00d0\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ed giang ng\u1ea1n. X\u00edch d\u0129 nh\u0129 \u0111\u1eb3ng ti\u1ec1n th\u1eed t\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. B\u1ea9m x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i binh xu\u1ea5t quan. Nh\u0129 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e2n t\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng. T\u1ea1c d\u1eef t\u1eb7c binh li\u00ean th\u1ee9 huy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn. T\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn nh\u0129 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7 t\u1eadp ngh\u0129a d\u0169ng. S\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 thanh uy.<\/p>\n

Kim h\u1ef1u ngo\u1ea1 b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t. Kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn nh\u0129 \u0111\u1eb3ng to\u00e0n v\u00f4 thi\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f4 ph\u1ee5 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed3n vong chi \u00fd. Nghi\u00eam gia kha x\u00edch. L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba duy duy. Duy d\u0129 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n b\u1ec7nh vi t\u1eeb. Th\u1ea7n t\u1ebf gia th\u00e1i ph\u1ecfng. L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh ho\u1ea1n b\u1ec7nh tuy ch\u00e2n. K\u1ef3 \u00fd di\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ed1c h\u1eadu. B\u1ea5t n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m u\u1ef7 nhi\u1ec7m. C\u1ed1 nh\u0129 t\u1ecbch t\u1eeb suy th\u00e1c. Th\u1ea7n d\u0129 k\u1ef3 nh\u1eadm kh\u00ed s\u1eed t\u00ednh. B\u1ea5t tri \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3. Th\u00e2m b\u1ea1c k\u1ef3 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea3 v\u0103n L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i. Tru l\u1ee5c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n s\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n. \u00d0\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i h\u1ec7 tu\u1ef3 t\u00f2ng xu\u1ea5t b\u00f4n chi L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. T\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng t\u00fang d\u0169ng. Th\u1ea7n t\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 c\u1ea5m tr\u1edf. T\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7n t\u1ea3 s\u1ed5 b\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n. D\u1ee5 d\u0129 th\u1eed th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tu khoan \u0111\u1ea1i. Thu th\u1eadp nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m. D\u0129 an ph\u1ea3n tr\u1eafc. V\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00e1o ph\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ed l\u1ec7nh ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ly.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng du\u1eabn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n th\u1ee7 t\u1ea3 d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u. Ho\u00e0i chi nhi kh\u1ee9… Kh<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>m <\/i>\u00d0<\/i>\u1ecbnh An Nam K\u1ef7 L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n XXVI tr. 1-3<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 theo l\u1eddi t\u00e2u c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n V\u0129nh Thanh th\u00ec y g\u1eb7p T\u1ed1ng V\u0103n H\u00ecnh n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n Thanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea1i n\u00ean ch\u1ef1c s\u1eb5n \u1edf Nam Quan \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n qu\u00e2n Thanh ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y sang Trung Hoa, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103ng? Theo s\u1ef1 suy \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Nam Quan tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 L\u00ea Duy K\u1ef3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5 cho vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9i \u201ch\u00e8n y<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>u thi<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>u kh\u1ea3 n<\/i>\u0103<\/i>ng<\/i>\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n l\u00f2ng qu<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n<\/i>\u201d n\u00ean quan nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e2n Thanh thua tr\u1eadn. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec L\u00ea Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y theo khi nghe tin T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3n k\u1ecbp. <\/p>\n

Theo Ng\u00f4 Cao L\u00e3ng th\u00ec \u201c\u2026Vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng c<\/i>\u0169<\/i>ng c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a c\u00f9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t s<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y v<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> B\u1eafc v\u1edbi S<\/i>\u0129<\/i> Ngh\u1ecb. B<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> t<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>i c\u1ee7a vua ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Vi<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t Tri\u1ec7u c\u1ea7m c\u01b0\u01a1ng theo h\u1ea7u. C\u00f2n th\u00ec <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>u \u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1edd s<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng. Vua Chi\u00eau Th\u1ed1ng ng\u1ea7m sai b<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> t<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>i tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng <\/i>\u00cd<\/i>ch Hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c quay v<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> trong <\/i>\u0111<\/i>i\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec7 L\u00ea Duy Chi <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0a m\u1eb9 con v\u00e0 phi t\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua ra s<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng Nh\u1ecb H\u00e0, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t s<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng, t\u00ecm <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1eddng <\/i>\u0111<\/i>i g\u1ea5p <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec3 <\/i>\u0111<\/i>u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp vua <\/i>[…]\u201d L\u1ecbch Tri<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>u T\u1ea1p K\u1ef7<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n VI (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n L\u00e2u) (1995) tr. 588.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a>\u81f3\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u7121\u80fd\u81f3\u6b64\u3002\u539f\u4e0d\u8db3\u60dc\u3002\u4f46\u65e2\u7d93\u627f\u53d7\u7687\u4e0a\u65bd\u6069\u3002\u672a\u4fbf\u4e00\u4efb\u962e\u60e0\u64d2\u62cf\u5feb\u5fc3\u3002\u81e3\u73fe\u5728\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d95\u8d74\u8ad2\u5c71\u5357\u95dc\u4e00\u5e36\u3002\u8a2a\u67e5\u9ece\u7dad\u7941\u6bcd\u5b50\u3002\u66ab\u4ee4\u9032\u95dc\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Duy K<\/i>\u1ef3<\/i> th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v<\/i>\u00f4<\/i> n<\/i>\u0103<\/i>ng<\/i>, [c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u0169ng] kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u00e1ng ti<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>c. C\u00f3 <\/i>\u0111<\/i>i<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>u<\/i> [y] \u0111\u00e3<\/i> <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng <\/i>\u00e2<\/i>n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh<\/i>\u00f4<\/i>ng n\u00ean <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ec3 cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 b\u1eaft cho tho\u1ea3 d\u1ea1. <\/i>[V\u00ec th\u1ebf] th\u1ea7n <\/i>\u0111\u00e3<\/i> sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Nam Quan, t\u00ecm h\u1ecfi xem m\u1eb9 con L\u00ea Duy K<\/i>\u1ef3<\/i> hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i> n\u00e0o, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi <\/i>\u0111<\/i>\u01b0a v<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> [Trung Hoa] cho kh\u1ecfi ch<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>t.<\/i> T\u1ea5u th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n S\u0129 Ngh\u1ecb ng\u00e0y 25-1 K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu, Kh<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>m <\/i>\u00d0<\/i>\u1ecbnh An Nam K\u1ef7 L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n XIII tr. 6.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Ng\u00f4 Cao L\u00e3ng, s\u0111d tr. 589-90. Vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u00ean t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00fat \u0111\u00e0m v\u00ec trong khi g\u1ea5p g\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> Xem th\u00eam \u201cV\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 li\u00ean ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m K\u1ef7 D\u1eadu\u201d, s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> Kh<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>m <\/i>\u00d0<\/i>\u1ecbnh An Nam K\u1ef7 L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n XIII, tr. 9<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> L\u1ecbch Tri<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>u T\u1ea1p K\u1ef7<\/i> (1995), tr. 589<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> Kh<\/i>\u00e2<\/i>m <\/i>\u00d0<\/i>\u1ecbnh An Nam K\u1ef7 L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n XXV, tr. 6<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u01b0u vong nh\u01b0ng \u1edf trong th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba v\u1eddi qua r\u1ed3i c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u1edf l\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn L\u00ea Qu\u00fdnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":669,"featured_media":31181,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,152,153,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","category-nghien-cuu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/669"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31177"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31185,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31177\/revisions\/31185"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}