{"id":30437,"date":"2014-01-01T01:05:00","date_gmt":"2014-01-01T01:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=30437"},"modified":"2022-02-24T01:35:07","modified_gmt":"2022-02-24T01:35:07","slug":"27-nam-sau-vu-lo-nguyen-tu-ukraine-no-kinh-hoang-lam-rung-dong-the-gioi-mot-cong-dong-cac-cu-ba-van-song-vui-ve-trong-cam-dia-chernobyl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/30437\/27-nam-sau-vu-lo-nguyen-tu-ukraine-no-kinh-hoang-lam-rung-dong-the-gioi-mot-cong-dong-cac-cu-ba-van-song-vui-ve-trong-cam-dia-chernobyl","title":{"rendered":"27 n\u0103m sau v\u1ee5 lò nguyên t\u1eed Ukraine n\u1ed5 kinh hoàng làm rúng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi- M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng các c\u1ee5 bà v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng vui v\u1ebb trong c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ecba Chernobyl"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 10 v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh TED Talks (*) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 10 ph\u00fat song c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Holly Morris v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kho\u1ea3ng 200 b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 (**) s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng Chernobyl thu\u1ed9c C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 Ukraine, n\u01a1i 27 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong kh\u1ed1i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean Bang S\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft, x\u1ea9y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u1ea3 v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p 400 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi qu\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng Hiroshima v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y ba n\u0103m Holly Morris \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng Chernobyl \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 25 n\u0103m nh\u00e2n tai n\u1ed5 l\u00f2 (reactor) s\u1ed1 4 c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ef1c Chernobyl v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1986, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 11 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp t\u1eaft do \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng lan sang ba l\u00f2 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i cho c\u1ea3 \u00c2u ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 kinh ho\u00e0ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pripyat v\u1edbi d\u00e2n c\u01b0 tr\u00ean 4,000 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch l\u00f2 s\u1ed1 4 c\u00f3 3 km th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ma. S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00ec ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kh\u1ecfang 4,000, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan cho l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 di h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ung th\u01b0 gi\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn (thyroid). S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i di t\u1ea3n sau khi l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u1ed5 l\u00ean t\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u00ean 100,000 t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 300,000. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean Bang S\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u201cc\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cThe Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Zone of Alienation\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u00e0 30 km. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ukraine (\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb sau khi Li\u00ean Bang S\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch t\u1edbi vi\u1ebfng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, qua c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng du l\u1ecbch trong c\u00e1c tua c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u00fac \u0111ang thu h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch l\u00f2 s\u1ed1 4 kho\u1ea3ng 300 feet (91 m\u00e9t) v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u0111o ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u1ea7m tay c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb k\u00eau t\u00edt t\u00edt r\u1ed1i r\u00edt, Holly b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n t\u00ednh thu h\u00ecnh mau mau cho xong \u0111\u1eb7ng chu\u1ed3n cho l\u1eb9, th\u00ec ch\u1ecb ch\u1ee3t nh\u00ecn ra xa v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n kh\u00f3i b\u1ed1c l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t trang tr\u1ea1i. Holly t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi ai l\u1ea1i sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong v\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t g\u1eaft gao nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00ednh g\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111em theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y \u0111o ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u1ea7m tay v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Holly n\u00f3i, \u201ckh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eed th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y h\u1ebft. V\u1eady m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5y.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Tr\u00e1i, nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim Holly Morris t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5m Chernobyl, v\u1edbi h\u1eadu c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 nay b\u1ecf hoang, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 25 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y x\u1ea9y ra nh\u00e2n tai n\u1ed5 l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Chernobyl v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00c2u ch\u00e2u v\u1ed1n n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. (\u1ea2nh thebabushkasofchernobyl.com) Ph\u1ea3i, Holly k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 TED Talks cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 200 c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 babushkas sinh s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec5m x\u1ea1 Chernobyl m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i qu\u00ea cha \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. (\u1ea2nh Tr\u00f9ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u201cH\u1ecd\u201d \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kho\u1ea3ng 200 b\u00e0 l\u00e3o, tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 70 t\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i 80. H\u1ecd n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 1,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ebbn ch\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng bu\u1ed9c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u01a1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh khi anh ta bu\u1ed9c b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di t\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: \u201cC\u1ee9 b\u1eafn t\u00f4i \u0111i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 ch\u00f4n. B\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd \u1edf r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0i ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng bao quanh trung t\u00e2m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ef1c nay hoang ph\u1ebf, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i m\u1ecdc tr\u00e0n lan, c\u0169ng v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00fa hoang nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i, heo r\u1eebng. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00f9ng im l\u1eafng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ma qu\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ecb k\u1ef3, v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00f3 l\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ba b\u00e0, c\u00f3 l\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1u, b\u1ea9y b\u00e0, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau sinh s\u1ed1ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 c\u0169ng h\u1ed3i c\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd y\u1ec3u th\u1ecd h\u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi m\u1ea5y b\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cbabushka\u201d, ti\u1ebfng Nga v\u00e0 Ukraine c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e0 n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i. Holly d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cbi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhau\u201d \u2013 \u201cisolated alone together\u201d — \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

\u201cKhi t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00f3i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi, t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 Hanna Zavorotnya, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi h\u1ecfi chuy\u1ec7n,\u201d ch\u1ecb Holly k\u1ec3. \u201cB\u00e0 c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 phong m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng Kapavati, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3 th\u1ea9y. Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, b\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i, \u2018Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u00f4i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3i th\u00ec c\u00f3.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1c b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng kinh qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 20 \u2013 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kinh ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Stalin \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00eam 1940 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1, h\u00e3m hi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111em v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch lao \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u201d Holly k\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 say s\u01b0a theo gi\u00f5i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb. \u201cDo \u0111\u1ea5y khi sau kho\u1ea3ng hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Nga S\u00f4, v\u1ee5 Chernobyl x\u1ea9y ra, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n di t\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh [ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1]. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i c\u01b0, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111au v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng n\u0103m n\u0103m sung s\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t 10 n\u0103m \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t cao \u1ed1c ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kiev [n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed], c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed3 m\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 cha, con c\u00e1i, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng v\u1ed7 c\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u00ec th\u1ea7m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00f2 (stork). V\u1edbi h\u1ecd, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tai \u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00ec gh\u00ea g\u1edbm\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e0 babushkas c\u1ee7a Chernobyl
<\/b>\"clip_image006\"<\/a> \"clip_image008\"<\/a>
Tr\u00e1i, \u201cM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed3i c\u01b0 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n.\u201d Ph\u1ea3i, \u201cH\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u1ebbn v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\"clip_image010\"<\/a> \"clip_image012\"<\/a>
Tr\u00e1i, \u201cC\u00e1c \u00f4ng x\u1ebfp Chernobyl kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch t\u1ee5i t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d Ph\u1ea3i, \u201cSu\u1ed1t 27 n\u0103m qua h\u1ecd n\u00f3i ho\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u1ee5i t\u00f4i \u0111i.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\"clip_image014\"<\/a> \"clip_image016\"<\/a>
Tr\u00e1i, \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u h\u1ebft d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ai d\u00ed s\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u.\u201d Ph\u1ea3i, \u201cS\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\"clip_image018\"<\/a> \"clip_image020\"<\/a>
Tr\u00e1i, \u201cKh\u1eafp khu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5y!\u201d Ph\u1ea3i, \u201cT\u1ee5i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi!\u201d (\u1ea2nh Tr\u00f9ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee5p t\u1eeb \u201ctrailer\u201d phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u201cThe Babushkas of Chernobyl\u201d do Holly Morris th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 Anh ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 babushkas.)<\/em><\/p>\n

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V\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb9 babushkas \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y vui v\u1ebb b\u00ean nhau v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i x\u1ebf chi\u1ec1u. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 tay tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eefng thu ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai nhi\u1ec5m x\u1ea1, gi\u00fap nhau m\u1ed5 heo g\u00e0 h\u1ecd nu\u00f4i, k\u00e9o n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb gi\u1ebfng l\u00ean (v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y), chia nhau nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ec5u, nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0ng c\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc mi\u1ec7ng m\u00f3m m\u00e9m. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00fa hoang trong v\u00f9ng nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 babushkas c\u0169ng v\u1eady, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i g\u00ec n\u1eefa. \u201cV\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng,\u201d Holly n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea cha \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m xa l\u1ea1, Holly t\u00e2m s\u1ef1. Ch\u1ecb n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa v\u1edbi c\u00e1i laptop c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi b\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 qu\u00ea m\u00f9a n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,\u201d Holly n\u00f3i. \u201cV\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 Ukraine n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 S\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n th\u01a1 ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Nga, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n — nh\u01b0 \u2018N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf ra \u0111i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft\u2019, ho\u1eb7c \u2018Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng may. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n\u2019, ho\u1eb7c \u2018Qu\u00ea m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 qu\u00ea m\u1eb9. Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecf \u0111i\u2019 \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f4i ch\u00f3t l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tho\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, ho\u00e1 ra l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n. Holly cho bi\u1ebft tuy ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o song d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan s\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 h\u1ed3i c\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m xem ra l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 khi c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c tu\u1ed5i, so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng cao \u1ed1c \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Kiev t\u1eeb sau tai n\u1ea1n l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

\u201cSao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u201d Holly \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd? S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea m\u1eb9 quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap xoa d\u1ecbu h\u1ecd. Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh ngang v\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cPh\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. Trong ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m t\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ecba s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi hoang d\u00e3, \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n th\u00fa hoang sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea9y n\u1edf v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng,\u201d nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cThe Babushkas of Chernobyl\u201d k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. \u201cTh\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 babushkas \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 hao m\u00f2n h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i quen bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd — s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec3m nguy, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.\u201d [TD, 11\/2013]<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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(*) TED, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb Technology, Entertainment, Design, www.ted<\/b>.com\/<\/a>, d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u201cIdeas Worth Spreading\u201d, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, trong m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 18 ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c \u00edt h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng, suy ngh\u0129, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Montery, Calif. n\u0103m 1990. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 Bill Clinton, Jan Goodall, Al Gore, Bill Gates, Larry Page c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u00f4 danh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay kinh nghi\u1ec7m hay v\u00e0 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n (storytelling). T\u00ednh t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 11, 2012, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ea7n vi\u1ebfng trang Web c\u1ee7a TED \u0111\u1ec3 theo gi\u00f5i c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam t\u1ea1i http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ted_talks<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n

(**) B\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Holly Morris tr\u00ean TED Talks, \u201cWhy stay in Chernobyl? Because it’s home\u201d, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i http:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/holly_morris_why_stay_in_chernobyl_because_it_s_home.html<\/a><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=93hbqLBp_HI<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u201cThe Babushkas of Chernobyl\u201d, http:\/\/thebabushkasofchernobyl.com\/<\/a>, do Holly Morris th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. Morris l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea2nh<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n dung v\u00e0i b\u00e0 babushkas<\/b><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, b\u00e0 Galina Konyushok, 71 tu\u1ed5i. \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2y g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Khi b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0ng m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t linh h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh,\u201d b\u00e0 Galina n\u00f3i. Sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, b\u00e0 gi\u00fap thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf l\u00faa m\u00ec nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ra kh\u1ecfi Chernobyl \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 thu d\u1ecdn n\u01a1i x\u1ea9y ra tai n\u1ea1n. Hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p (thyroid). Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u00eau c\u1ee7a Galina r\u1ea5t tinh vi, nh\u01b0 b\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 treo tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef tr\u00edch t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u201cTa cho c\u00e1c con m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n m\u1edbi: h\u00e3y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau.\u201d H\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa, Hanna Zavorotnya, 78 tu\u1ed5i. \u201cC\u00e1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ee1 heo v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vodka,\u201d b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 Hanna tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong khu \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 trong l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng tha h\u1ed3 x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng. C\u1ee5 Hanna hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 kho cho \u0111\u00e0n heo c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c rau c\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u00fang. H\u00ecnh b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 Maria Vitosh, 86 tu\u1ed5i. \u201cChim b\u1ed3 c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng bay g\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 ra \u0111i h\u1ebft,\u201d b\u00e0 Maria n\u00f3i. Hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n h\u01b0u tr\u00ed t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, kho\u1ea3ng 100 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng. (\u1ea2nh Rena Effendi, cho b\u00e0i \u201cA Country of Women\u201d do Holly Morris vi\u1ebft cho t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed More, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i link <\/em>http:\/\/www.more.com\/chernobyl-women-nuclear-holly-morris<\/em><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, Maria Urupa, 77 tu\u1ed5i. \u201c\u01af\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1ea5y \u00e0? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb t\u1ed1t,\u201d Maria n\u00f3i. \u201cCho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u00f3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea5y. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i th\u00ec t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n.\u201d V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1986, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 b\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft trong v\u00f2ng hai, ba n\u0103m n\u1eefa. H\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa, Nadezhda Tislenko, 71 tu\u1ed5i. Khi b\u00e0 go\u00e1 n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed More g\u1ed3m ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean, nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0, b\u00e0 Nadezhda r\u1ed1i r\u00edt g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, \u201cL\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y xem n\u00e8, nhanh l\u00ean. C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 l\u1eafm t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e8, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o!\u201d H\u00ecnh b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i xe bu\u00fdt v\u00f4 khu C\u1ea5m \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1edf c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i mua th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u00e1c b\u00e0 babushkas \u0103n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecd tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i trong v\u00f9ng C\u1ea5m \u0110\u1ecba. Kh\u00e1ch vi\u1ebfng d\u00f9 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eebng h\u00edt th\u1edf m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u00e2u trong th\u1eddi gian th\u0103m v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. (\u1ea2nh Rena Effendi, cho b\u00e0i \u201cA Country of Women\u201d do Holly Morris vi\u1ebft cho t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed More, <\/em>http:\/\/www.more.com\/chernobyl-women-nuclear-holly-morris<\/em><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

Chernobyl: V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft<\/b><\/p>\n

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Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ma Pripyat, ch\u1ee5p kho\u1ea3ng 2011, tr\u00f4ng xa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Pripyat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1970 d\u00e0nh cho kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 4,000 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trung t\u00e2m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ef1c Chernobyl v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf ph\u1ebf t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1986 khi l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1ed1 4 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5. Ph\u00eda xa, g\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa, c\u00e1ch Pripyat 3 km, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. Khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u00e0 30 km (19 miles) xung quanh l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1ebd c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m. (\u1ea2nh Wikimedia Commons) Trung t\u00e2m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Chernobyl n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Chernobyl 18 km (11 miles) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc, c\u00e1ch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Belarus 16 km (10 miles), v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Kiev kho\u1ea3ng 110 km (68 miles) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n l\u00f2 (reactors) lo\u1ea1i RBMK-1000, m\u1ed7i l\u00f2 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 1 gigawatt (GW) \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n l\u00f2 g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 10% \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c cho to\u00e0n Ukraine v\u00e0o l\u00fac x\u1ea9y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u00f2 s\u1ed1 4. Trung t\u00e2m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, v\u1edbi l\u00f2 s\u1ed1 1 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1977, l\u00f2 s\u1ed1 2 n\u0103m 1978, s\u1ed1 3 1981, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 4 1983. Hai l\u00f2 s\u1ed1 5 v\u00e0 6 \u0111ang \u0111u\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t th\u00ec x\u1ea9y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 s\u1ed1 4 trong l\u00fac \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. <\/em><\/p>\n

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Tr\u00e1i, khu C\u1ea5m \u0110\u1ecba (Exclusion Zone) r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 1,600 d\u1eadm vu\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011,ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ukraine cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0o vi\u1ebfng v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 nh\u1eb9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 6 miles bao quanh l\u00f2 s\u1ed1 4 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf m\u1ea7u xanh r\u00eau. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Wired, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean p\u00edc-n\u00edc t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n m\u1ea7u r\u00eau. Ph\u1ea3i, l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u00f4 4 (gi\u1eefa) sau nh\u00e2n tai n\u1ed5 l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng turbine n\u1eb1m \u1edf g\u00f3c d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, v\u00e0 l\u00f2 s\u1ed1 3 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. (\u1ea2nh Wikipedia)<\/em><\/p>\n

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H\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ma Pripyat nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u1ecf hoang, ch\u1ee5p ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 3, 2011. Ph\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ea1i khu gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Pripyat, v\u1eeba x\u00e2y xong ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh th\u00ec x\u1ea9y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1ed1 4 n\u0103m 1986, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01a1 gan c\u00f9ng tu\u1ebf nguy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb d\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee5p ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2011. H\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi, tr\u00e1i, ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 s\u1ed1 4, n\u01a1i v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc khi l\u00f2 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5, ch\u1ee5p ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 2, 2011. Ph\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf ph\u1ebf, h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee5p ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 4, 2011. (\u1ea2nh <\/em>http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/photogallery\/0,29307,2067393,00.html#ixzz2k5pkdYkC<\/em><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

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Tr\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n ng\u1ef1a x\u1ed5ng kh\u1ecfi chu\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i ch\u00fang b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ecba Chernobyl, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea9y n\u1edf ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u. Ph\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t con heo r\u1eebng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ma Pripyat. Nh\u00e2n tai n\u1ed5 l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean th\u00fa hoang r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 10 n\u0103m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u00fa hoang k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 g\u1ea5u n\u00e2u v\u00e0 ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i lang thang qua c\u00e1c con ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecf hoang c\u1ee7a Priyat. (\u1ea2nh Guillaume Herbaut\/Wired Magazine) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nature tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh PBS c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Web link <\/em>http:\/\/video.pbs.org\/video\/2157025070\/<\/em><\/a> phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00fa hoang kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 song ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea9y n\u1edf. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Chernobyl tuy kinh ho\u00e0ng song l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb tr\u00ean hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua.<\/em><\/p>\n

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T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda Chernobyl b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i <\/strong>http:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%E1%BA%A3m_h%E1%BB%8Da_Chernobyl<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

… m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u201cc\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cThe Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Zone of Alienation\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u00e0 30 km. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ukraine (\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb sau khi Li\u00ean Bang S\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch t\u1edbi vi\u1ebfng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, qua c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng du l\u1ecbch trong c\u00e1c tua c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1301,"featured_media":30451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,179,181],"tags":[428],"class_list":["post-30437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-chup-va-chep","category-tu-lieu","tag-trung-duong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30437","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1301"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30437"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30437\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72218,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30437\/revisions\/72218"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30437"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}