{"id":29237,"date":"2013-09-11T00:05:00","date_gmt":"2013-09-11T07:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=29237"},"modified":"2013-09-11T07:28:43","modified_gmt":"2013-09-11T14:28:43","slug":"sipho-sepamla-ky-thuat-nhan-trong-tho-dau-tranh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/29237\/sipho-sepamla-ky-thuat-nhan-trong-tho-dau-tranh","title":{"rendered":"Sipho Sepamla: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5n trong Th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea5u Tranh"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"SydneySiphoSepamla\"<\/a> <\/p>\n

\n

Sipho Sepamla <\/strong>(1932-2007) l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Nam Phi. Sinh qu\u00e1n g\u1ea7n Krugersdorp. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Soweto. D\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pretoria Normal. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o Black Consciousness. <\/p>\n

\u00d4ng l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ec7 S\u0129 Da \u0110en, nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Fuba Academy of Art, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed New Classic <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u S’ketsh. <\/em>\u00d4ng l\u00e3nh gi\u1ea3i Thomas Pringle Award n\u0103m 1977 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Anh ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ed5 ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

\u1ea4n ph\u1ea9m:
– <\/strong>Th\u01a1: <\/strong>Hurry Up to It!<\/i> (Donker, 1975), The Soweto I Love<\/i> (1977), Selected Poems<\/i> (Donker, 1984), From Gor\u00e9e to Soweto<\/i> (1988)
– <\/strong>V\u0103n: <\/strong>The Root Is One<\/i> (1979), A Ride on the Whirlwind<\/i> (1981)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. V\u00ec v\u1eady k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, hay h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u201cm\u00e1y m\u00f3c\u201d, qui t\u1eafc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c. Trong khi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb g\u00f2 b\u00f3, qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1t tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c th\u01a1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. <\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ki\u1ebfn, con ong x\u00e2y t\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng. T\u1ea1o h\u00f3a sinh ra, ong v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam, kh\u00f4ng b\u1edbt, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 xoay quanh \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. L\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. V\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Con chim h\u00f3t hay kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e1t hay. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t hay h\u01a1n, h\u00e1t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec7u, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Chim ch\u1ec9 h\u00f3t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Con k\u00e9t k\u00eau \u00fa \u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i oang oang, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec con k\u00e9t c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eadp cho k\u00e9t n\u00f3i. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c th\u01a1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn sinh nhi chi tri, sinh ra v\u1edbi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng thi\u00ean ph\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01a1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngo\u00e0i ra n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 sau, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thui ch\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e1nh…<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a thi s\u0129. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i th\u01a1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, n\u1ebfu b\u00e0i th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1ch g\u1ee3i t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Trong quan ni\u1ec7m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u00f3a, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t, nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n 
<\/i>                  th\u1eadt ra, ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt t\u1ed1t
<\/i>vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n 
                  <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u0103m d\u1ecda         \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch         \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft
<\/i>vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n 
                  <\/i>do nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m n\u00ean         tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n
<\/i>vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n 
                  <\/i>l\u00e0 k\u1ebb thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t         \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi b\u00e0n tay
<\/i>vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n 
                  <\/i>h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean hung \u00e1c         s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n qua \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c
<\/i>vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n 
                  <\/i>banh x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt ra         \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1i tim n\u1eb1m l\u1ea1i
<\/i>vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n 
                  <\/i>xuy\u00ean qua l\u01b0ng tr\u1ebb con         gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft <\/i><\/p>\n

(Bullets)<\/p>\n

Sepamla vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: <\/p>\n

\u00b7 V\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb l\u00fd do b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n

\u00b7 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o sau b\u00ecnh phong nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng. <\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft hoa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y (layout): Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n: gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1eabn c\u1ea3m x\u00fac leo thang.<\/p>\n

S\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u00e0i th\u01a1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ed1ng, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1edf; k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt non n\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e0 d\u1eb7n; k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb…<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng h\u1ecd H\u1eadu l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 cung t\u00ean. Ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ecd H\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n b\u00ed quy\u1ebft gia truy\u1ec1n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc th\u00eam ngh\u1ec1 b\u1eafn: B\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng. G\u1eb7p nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec Ti\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ea1o. S\u01b0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc, con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eafn tr\u00fang con b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng?\u201d Ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee5c, con b\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng sai.\u201d S\u01b0 \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cM\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y con ra ngo\u00e0i r\u1eebng, nh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc, cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00e0o con th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng con b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u, t\u1ef1 d\u01b0ng con s\u1ebd b\u1eafn tr\u00fang. M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee5c.\u201d Nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u1eafn cung. Ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean nh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng sao th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng con b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u. <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng ch\u00f9a, th\u1ea5y ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ecdc Ti\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. Sau khi th\u0103m h\u1ecfi, li\u1ec1n b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cAnh h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4i r\u1ed3i b\u1eafn cho tr\u00fang. Khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t b\u00e1ch tr\u00fang th\u00ec l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng hai b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eadp b\u1eafn cho tr\u00fang. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d \u00d4ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1ec1 sau b\u1eafn r\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00e0ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u1eadu Ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng 
<\/i>                                            l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0103n tr\u00e1i sung
<\/i>t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng 
<\/i>                                            l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh Ch\u00faa
<\/i>t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en 
<\/i>                                            l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p qu\u1ef7 tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian
<\/i>th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i 
<\/i>                                            kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 do gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c 
<\/i>                                            t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 do nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi: v\u0103n minh t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 V\u0103n Minh A Ha Ha<\/b>. C\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng hay c\u01b0\u1eddi chua ch\u00e1t? Thi s\u0129 Sepamla d\u00f9ng hai lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y: Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng\u201d, \u201cCh\u00faa\u201d v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u1ef7\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ea7n gian\u201d (m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t). \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1eabn c\u00e2u k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, chia r\u1ebd nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i do v\u0103n minh m\u00e0 ra. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do v\u0103n minh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 sinh c\u1edb s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, l\u00f2ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian. V\u0103n minh \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n danh m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf ch\u01b0a ai g\u1eb7p. V\u0103n minh h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft. V\u0103n minh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1ed3i leo l\u00ean th\u00e1p Babel. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, chia l\u00eca mu\u00f4n v\u1ea1n n\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u d\u00e0i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/p>\n

t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0103n tr\u00e1i sung
<\/i>t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh ch\u00faa
<\/i>t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p qu\u1ef7 tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian
<\/i>………………………………………<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Sepamla \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. S\u1ef1 \u201cxu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee5t v\u00e0o\u201d t\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y m\u00e0 v\u1eabn li\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee5t v\u00e0o, t\u1ea1o ch\u1eef \u201cl\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh: \u201cthi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0103n tr\u00e1i sung\u201d \/ \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ch\u00ecnh ch\u00faa\u201d \/ \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cqu\u1ef7\u201d. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft li\u1ec1n c\u00e2u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qua c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng do ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng Anh ng\u1eef. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1edbi. D\u1ecdc theo d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef gh\u00e9p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Sepamla ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft hoa cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh ho\u1eb7c t\u00ean ri\u00eang, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u201cth\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ebft. \u00cdt khi chia \u0111o\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u01a1 \u00f4ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y li\u1ec1n li\u1ec1n ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n t\u00e2n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. Ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u00fd. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 tr\u00f4i \u0111i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, mi\u00ean man kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i th\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ch\u1eef n\u01b0\u1eddm n\u01b0\u1ee3p tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u00f9 d\u00e0i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n. C\u00e2u th\u01a1 d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i th\u1edf b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e2u th\u01a1 t\u1eeb 7 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ch\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 4 c\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c 8 c\u00e2u. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u201ckho\u1ea3ng\u201d m\u1ed9t trang. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, t\u1ef1u trung b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, hai ch\u1eef c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. B\u00ean tr\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Khi quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c trong h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c trong t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, \u00e2m thanh sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t, \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u00e1n ng\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba th\u00e3i, r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, g\u00e2y l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t t\u1ee9 th\u01a1 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, \u00e2m thanh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng… S\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn t\u1ee9 th\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a thi s\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt bi\u00ean t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Sepamla n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en v\u00f9ng d\u1eady. S\u1ef1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m. \u00d4ng ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng da tr\u1eafng trong gian h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1eadu tr\u1ebb da \u0111en t\u00f2 m\u00f2 gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3nh bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n gi\u00e0u sang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 da tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t \u1edf t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u1eadu tr\u1ebb trai da \u0111en l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ng\u1ed7 ngh\u1ecbch ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n da m\u00e0u. Hai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. Sinh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb, tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu tr\u1ebb da \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng b\u1eadt kh\u00f3c. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Nam Phi gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qua \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1ch xa 
<\/i>                                                         c\u1eadu nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00f9i v\u00e0o kia 
<\/i>                                                                        t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft 
<\/i>                                                                       c\u1eadu ng\u1eedi c\u00e1i g\u00ec
<\/i>B\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn 
<\/i>                                n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi 
<\/i>                                x\u00e0-ph\u00f2ng m\u00f9i d\u1ea7u d\u1eeba-\u00f4 liu1<\/sup>
<\/i>Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb quay nhanh v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn
<\/i>                                                    \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai cao v\u00e0
<\/i>                                                    phao c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eafm thuy\u1ec1n
<\/i>T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a tay l\u00ean l\u00f2i n\u00e1ch
<\/i>                                                              \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 binh kh\u00e1m x\u00e9t  
<\/i>                                                                                       v\u00e0
<\/i>                                                                 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng
<\/i>V\u00ec v\u1ebb tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 
<\/i>                                                    t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa 
<\/i>                                                    v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m helena rubinstein2<\/sup>
<\/i>B\u00e0 m\u00faa ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 cao gi\u1ecdng 
<\/i>                                                        \u0111\u1eebng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i 
<\/i>                                                              c\u1eadu nh\u1ecf 
<\/i>                                                            t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi 
<\/i>                                                             c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t
<\/i>T\u00f4i n\u00f3i b\u00e0 tr\u1ee3n m\u1eaft t\u00f3e l\u1eeda 
<\/i>                                         g\u1ecdi \u0111i 
<\/i>                                         b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft th\u1eddi r\u1ed3i
<\/i>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1eadt kh\u00f3c<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

(Shop Assistant)<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u01a1 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. <\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft<\/b> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o
<\/b><\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 mang s\u00fang<\/b> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng xe tang
<\/b><\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 treo c\u1edd n\u1eeda c\u1ed9t<\/b> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u0103n tay \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1eabm n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn g\u00e2n c\u1ed5 c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng cao la
<\/i>v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u00e8n \u00e9p khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng m\u1ecf
<\/i>m\u1ed9t l\u0169 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01b0\u1edbm m\u00e1u d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafng ch\u00f3i chang3<\/sup><\/i><\/p>\n

\n

GHI:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Palmolive soap: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u d\u1eeba v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u \u00f4 liu do h\u00e3ng B.J. Johnson cho ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1898. L\u00e0 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) Helena Rubinstein: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef doanh nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(3) …for orations we had the religious
for gun-carriers we had a string of hearses
for flags half-mast tear-soaked hankies
We craned necks to raise voices higher still
for them that lay row upon row crammed
a regiment under the blazing bloodied sun…<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ea5t N\u01b0\u1edbc N\u00e0y (This Land), Sepamla \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u201ctri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc\u201d th\u00e2m th\u00fay: qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u01b0u vong lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fa \u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong, ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u01a1 l\u01b0u vong n\u00e0o thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/p>\n

Xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n, xung \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u vong tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi? l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh? l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3? l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh? l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi? Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta than kh\u00f3c cho ai, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u vong, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u1ebft \u0111i, li\u1ec7u qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng trong tim h\u1ecd c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i? N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ebft l\u00fd h\u01a1n, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y ri\u00eang v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng do t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng trong t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 do \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o ra, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta so s\u00e1nh m\u1ed7i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sepamla c\u0169ng c\u00f3 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng chung Nam Phi.<\/p>\n

c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 b\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f9a
<\/i>khi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ea1i d\u1ed9t ng\u00e2y ng\u00f4
<\/i>c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1eadt
<\/i>gi\u1ee1n m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00f4i<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

t\u00f4i sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh
<\/i>t\u00f4i sinh ra t\u1eeb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt
<\/i>h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh
<\/i>t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00f9i h\u00f4i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn
<\/i>\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i
<\/i>v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i
<\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo t\u00f4i<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc mang h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i do t\u00f4i sinh d\u1ef1ng
<\/i>m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 m\u00e1u do t\u00f4i pha m\u1eb7n
<\/i>c\u01a1 b\u1eafp li\u00ean h\u00e0nh do t\u00f4i r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n
<\/i>cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf m\u00ecnh<\/i><\/p>\n

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t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i
<\/i>ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ph\u1ea7n
<\/i>ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady
<\/i>t\u00f4i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y<\/i><\/p>\n

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(This Land)<\/i><\/p>\n

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\u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a th\u01a1. Chung chung nh\u1eefng thi s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, nh\u1eefng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m do tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong b\u00e0i, trong c\u00e2u, trong t\u1ee9 , th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 trong ch\u1eef l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng, t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c. <\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng quan s\u00e1t, theo d\u00f5i, ghi nh\u1eadn, c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng; r\u1ed3i x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, nung n\u1ea5u, tr\u0103n tr\u1edf, \u00e1m \u1ea3nh; r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t l\u00fac b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t b\u1eadt l\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. C\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: <\/p>\n

1. Ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh th\u1eadt, chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt. Cho d\u00f9 thi s\u0129 c\u00f3 c\u1eaft x\u00e9n, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, th\u00eam b\u1edbt, c\u0103n nguy\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u1edd quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u201cs\u1ed1ng\u201d \u00e1m \u1ea3nh s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u trong lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng, d\u1ec5 sinh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

2. V\u00ec \u201ck\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i\u201d nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111au l\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt xung \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a l\u00fac k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean mang theo l\u1eeda<\/b>. \u201cAnh b\u1ea1n d\u00e3i d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa \/ g\u1ee5c l\u00ean s\u00fang m\u0169 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi\u2026 \/ T\u00e2y Ti\u1ebfn \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc t\u00f3c…\u201d (T\u00e2y Ti\u1ebfn, Quang D\u0169ng). Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0u mang v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Quang D\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh \u0111i r\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1o t\u00f3c v\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed r\u1eadn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ki\u00eau h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng h\u00f4 h\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i Nh\u1edb Sharpeville <\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i <\/i>v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Sharpeville kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1edb m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1o quy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u Sepamla mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

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 <\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng Ba n\u0103m 1960
<\/i>bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng
<\/i>gi\u1eadn d\u1eef-ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i-s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5-l\u1ee5c so\u00e1t
<\/i>bi\u1ec3n \u0111en d\u00e2ng tr\u00e0o
<\/i>v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc
<\/i>tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 theo sau
<\/i>th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea1o quy\u1ec1n c\u0169 k\u1ef9…
<\/i>h\u00fat v\u00e0o c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i
<\/i>ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em
<\/i>v\u00e2y trong khu nh\u00e0 k\u00edn
<\/i>c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 \u0111en
<\/i>r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t tia l\u00f3e
<\/i>t\u1eeb con m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn
<\/i>s\u00fang n\u1ed5…
<\/i>ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e3 d\u00e0i
<\/i>\u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng
<\/i>l\u00f2ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 ch\u00e1y cao
<\/i>ni\u1ec1m tin r\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/i><\/p>\n

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\"Sharpeville02\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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ch\u00fang ta ch\u00f4n h\u1ecd v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m
<\/i>nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng ng\u00e3 g\u1ee5c theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1o quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00ec bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng t\u1ee9 th\u01a1, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn s\u1ef1 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh thi s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9c rung c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n? Nh\u1eefng x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra. H\u1ecda s\u0129 Paul C\u00e9zanne vi\u1ebft: Rien n’est beau que le vrai, le vrai seul est aimable. ( C\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau.)<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c binh bi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u Phi th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o theo nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n s\u00e1t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i tr\u1ebb em. Trong T\u00f4i Nh\u1edb Sharpeville, Sepamla \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1960. Trong b\u00e0i The Outrage, \u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t k\u00eau g\u00e0o che ch\u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i th\u00fa t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em (brother) b\u1ecb t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n: \u201c…b\u1ecb b\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00ec th\u1ee7 d\u00e2m. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea9m sinh s\u00fac v\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng..<\/i>.\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 khi ra t\u00f9 v\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c h\u1eadn th\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 la l\u00ean: \u201c…h\u00e3y b\u1ee9t con cu ra… r\u1ed3i t\u1ed1ng ngh\u1eb9t v\u00e0o t\u1eed cung ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef…\u201d<\/i> Anh ta th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n th\u00fa t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng o\u00e1n h\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i sao? Anh ta b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. Thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eady th\u00f4i? \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Sepamla quan t\u00e2m, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3: \u201c…but the seeds have germinated<\/i>…" (nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng tinh tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee5 thai).<\/p>\n

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C\u01b0\u1ee1ng Hi\u1ebfp<\/strong><\/p>\n

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khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em b\u1ecb b\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh
<\/i>trong khu t\u1eadp trung tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o
<\/i>v\u00ec th\u1ee7 d\u00e2m
<\/i>kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea9m sinh s\u00fac v\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng<\/i><\/p>\n

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l\u00fac n\u01a1i ai o\u00e1n d\u00e2ng cao c\u0103m h\u1eadn
<\/i>anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea b\u1eb1ng n\u1eeda \u1ed5 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec
<\/i>th\u00eam 30 \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebdm
<\/i>trong t\u00fai k\u00eau leng keng
<\/i>r\u1ed3i ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch<\/i> <\/p>\n

anh ch\u0103n gia s\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e2y dao panga l\u1edbn
<\/i>ch\u1eb7t ch\u00e9m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Mzimhlophe
<\/i>r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfng r\u00e9 d\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3ng x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u00eam <\/i><\/p>\n

ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh phun r\u1ea3y tinh tr\u00f9ng
<\/i>l\u00ean c\u00f4 em kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i
<\/i>c\u00f4 l\u1ea5y g\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1
<\/i>m\u00e1u t\u00e9t ch\u1ea3y b\u00ean trong<\/i><\/p>\n

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ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh d\u00ednh v\u1ebft m\u00e1u ph\u1ee5t l\u00ean
<\/i>anh b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi m\u1eb9
<\/i>c\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ebfp em m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u00e3 man<\/i><\/p>\n

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ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha k\u1eb9p tay anh
<\/i>cho \u0111\u1edbn \u0111au c\u00f9ng m\u00e1u nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng
<\/i>th\u1edf h\u1ed5n h\u1ec3n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i sau c\u00f9ng<\/i><\/p>\n

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\u2018h\u00e3y b\u1ee9t con cu ra
<\/i>r\u1ed3i t\u1ed1ng ngh\u1eb9t v\u00e0o t\u1eed cung ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u2019<\/i><\/p>\n

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chuy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00eam
<\/i>\u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 c\u1eeda g\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n y\u00ean t\u0129nh
<\/i>h\u1ecd chen l\u1ea5n l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed3i b\u1ea1i<\/i><\/p>\n

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t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i
<\/i>nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft trong \u0111\u00eam x\u1ea3y ra
<\/i>nh\u01b0ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3n ng\u0103n tr\u00ed nh\u1edb <\/i><\/p>\n

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T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0y
<\/i>tr\u00ean cu\u1ed1n l\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb
<\/i>nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m1<\/sup><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n

GHI:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e2u n\u00e0y n\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0: nh\u01b0ng tinh tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadu thai.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00e0ng H\u1eadu Ngh\u1ec7. B\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft. L\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cung ti\u1ec5n. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft uy l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i v\u00f4 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1, \u1ea9n n\u00fap s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u01a1 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 \u201cch\u1ebft\u201d trong huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n. Th\u1eadt ra, l\u00e0m th\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u01a1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng cho th\u01a1 L\u00c0… \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh xa.<\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Sipho Sepamla c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho x\u1ee9 s\u1edf trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed5i d\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1o quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0n s\u00e1t, h\u00e3m hi\u1ebfp, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n da \u0111en. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 thu h\u00fat t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed9c. Th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua, Nam Phi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n thi s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sipho Sepamla l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 thi s\u0129 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i sau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc? H\u1ecd hay h\u01a1n, gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n hay sao?<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch trong Tuy\u1ec3n T\u1eadp Th\u01a1 Nam Phi v\u00e0 Th\u01a1 Phi Ch\u00e2u, s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2013. B\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u1eb7ng ebook, xin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c Ngu Y\u00ean t\u1ea1i: <\/em>nguyen112052@gmail.com<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1o quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00ec bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng t\u1ee9 th\u01a1, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn s\u1ef1 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1809,"featured_media":29232,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,9,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-nghien-cuu","category-nhan-dinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1809"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29237"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29245,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29237\/revisions\/29245"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

\"Sharpeville01\"<\/a><\/p>\n