{"id":27161,"date":"2012-12-27T01:05:00","date_gmt":"2012-12-27T01:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=27161"},"modified":"2019-02-26T03:03:00","modified_gmt":"2019-02-26T03:03:00","slug":"van-xuoi-hau-hien-dai-viet-nam-quoc-te-va-ban-dia-cach-tan-va-truyen-thong-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/27161\/van-xuoi-hau-hien-dai-viet-nam-quoc-te-va-ban-dia-cach-tan-va-truyen-thong-phan-2","title":{"rendered":"V\u0102N XUÔI H\u1eacU HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I VI\u1ec6T NAM: QU\u1ed0C T\u1ebe VÀ B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ecaA, CÁCH TÂN VÀ TRUY\u1ec0N TH\u1ed0NG (ph\u1ea7n 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Mariani-LaMano\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Carlo Maria Mariani, La Mano Ubbidisce all\u2019 Inteletto (B\u00e0n Tay Ph\u1ee5c T\u00f9ng Tri Gi\u00e1c)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ai kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Lyotard. Theo \u00f4ng, th\u1eddi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng 2 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng: s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t <\/em>v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111a nguy\u00ean. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, <\/em><\/i>\u201ck\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d l\u00e0 k\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1\u201d, \u201csi\u00eau truy\u1ec7n\u201d, v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c, h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Cho n\u00ean, \u201cho\u00e0i nghi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n quan gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a t\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u201csi\u00eau truy\u1ec7n\u201d, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/i>, xem m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Thi ph\u00e1p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 thi ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/i>. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec7u<\/i>. L\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c<\/i>, ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/i> (d\u00e9notation) l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u201cl\u1eddi\u201d theo s\u00e1t \u201cv\u1eadt\u201d, \u201cch\u1eef\u201d kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u201cngh\u0129a\u201d<\/a>[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a F. Dostoevski l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e3n quan gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cho\u00e0i nghi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1\u201d ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng hai l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn<\/i>, ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i<\/i> trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt carnaval, l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t sang ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb<\/i><\/b> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. 3.3.3.9 [nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n] <\/i><\/b>c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Theo t\u00f4i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn <\/b>l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb <\/b><\/i>\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t<\/i>, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec7u<\/i>, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7u<\/i>, \u0111a thanh<\/i>. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111a thanh, ph\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/i>, ngh\u0129a li\u00ean h\u1ed9i<\/i> (connotation) l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111a ngh\u0129a, \u0111a tr\u1ecb h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n trong l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n. <\/p>\n

Trong t\u1eadp Ma Net<\/i><\/a>, <\/b>3.3.3.9 [nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n]<\/i><\/a>, hay \u201c<\/b>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi<\/a>\u201d<\/b>, m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn m\u1edbi vi\u1ebft g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i, c\u00e2u v\u0103n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi hai gi\u1ecdng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ngh\u0129a m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (connotation) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00e9t ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 16<\/a> c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n 3.3.3.9 [nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n]<\/i><\/b>, ta nh\u1eadn ra, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i nhan \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra theo l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba nh\u1ea1i l\u1eddi kinh Ph\u1eadt: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh 3.000 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d<\/i>, v\u1eeba nh\u1ea1i nhan \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 kh\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n ch\u1ebft, Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 (Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n), Nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n phi\u00eau d\u1ea1t<\/a>[2]<\/b><\/a><\/i>\u2026 <\/p>\n

Xin kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i \u00fd n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi ph\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n: <\/p>\n

\u201c\u00dai a…sao m\u00e0 nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i ui… C\u00f2n m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfk b\u00edt d\u00f2ng r\u00f5i d\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 l\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0o c\u00e1i r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 qu\u00ea iem \u1edf Ti\u00ean L\u00e3ng, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, \u01a1i, m\u1ecba m\u1ea5y l\u00e2u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1 nhau xem th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i kho\u1ea3n \u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang n\u00f3 l\u1ee5c t\u00ecm trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t t\u00ecm h\u1ec9u th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1eb1ng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 o\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kinh nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u201ck\u00eca n\u00f2ng ph\u00e1o v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao\u201d ui chao th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 o\u00e1ch l\u1eafm ro\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee7 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng cho ch\u1ecb em l\u1eafm c\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng m\u1edd v\u1eefn \u0111\u1ebfk b\u1eb1ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng qu\u00ea m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u nha: \u201cH\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3… hi\u00ean ngang ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ng\u1ea9ng \u0111\u1ea7u…\u201d<\/i><\/a>[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

3. Kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/b> Xin quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00eau l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: li\u1ec7u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang g\u1eafn v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, g\u1ea7n ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 sau: trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u00c2u \u2013 M\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed9i sinh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n, ngo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 qua \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00e0y sinh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a>[4]<\/a>. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00ed nh\u01b0 sau: <\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i><\/strong>:<\/i> v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng ti\u1ec1n-hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n tinh th\u1ea7n duy l\u00ed c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta ch\u01b0a \u0111i h\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u h\u1eadu-hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 sau-hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb hai ph\u00eda: h\u1eadu-hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n-hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng ti\u1ec1n-hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n tinh th\u1ea7n duy l\u00ed c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, theo t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf c\u1ea3 Nga. C\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y b\u00fat kh\u00e1c ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng: m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 <\/i>v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh<\/i>. \u201c\u0110o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft 1\u201d c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n V\u00e0ng l\u1eeda<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u nghi v\u1ea5n th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201c\u0110\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd, h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9?\u201d<\/a>[5]<\/a> Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? C\u00e2u nghi v\u1ea5n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m b\u0103n khu\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c, ni\u1ec1m kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i da di\u1ebft th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00e0y. \u1ede m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u1ed9 ra trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Trong \u201cMu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng\u201d, \u201cCon th\u00fa l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t\u201d, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 con th\u00fa<\/i> v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>. Trong \u201cN\u00e0ng Bua\u201d,<\/i> n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/i> v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i>. Trong \u201cTh\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea\u201d, \u201cB\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n\u201d, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n<\/i> v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb<\/i>, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i d\u00e2n d\u00e3 <\/i>v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i>. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i> v\u00e0 ma qu\u1ef7<\/i>, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh sinh ho\u1ea1t, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t <\/i>v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh<\/i>… l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ea1ch ng\u1ea7m d\u00e0o d\u1ea1t tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 \u201cHuy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vua\u201d, \u201cC\u00fan\u201d, \u201cGi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u\u201d, \u201cCh\u1ea3y \u0111i s\u00f4ng \u01a1i\u201d, \u201cT\u1ed9i \u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t\u201d, \u201cCon g\u00e1i thu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n\u201d… Trong \u201cPh\u1ea9m ti\u1ebft\u201d, \u201cCh\u00fat tho\u00e1ng Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, \u201cT\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1eb9\u201d <\/i>v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng<\/i> v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/i>, tr\u1ebb con<\/i> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn<\/i>, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/i> v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/i>… <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u00ed tr\u00ed, vai tr\u00f2 khai s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u0103n minh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u0103n minh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao h\u01a1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ee9 v\u0103n minh \u1ea5y v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi v\u0103n minh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u00d4ng xem\u201cti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh<\/i> bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f2n v\u0103n minh ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf b\u1ec1 <\/i>ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh, Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ma qu\u1ef7 hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng to\u00e1t l\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf tr\u1ebb con v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u1edf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u manh. Kh\u00f4ng hi v\u1ecdng g\u00ec \u1edf l\u00ed l\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh! Xin h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n r\u1ea5t h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1ef1\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u201cch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u1edd \u0111i c\u00e1i \u1ea5y: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebb th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t, trung h\u1eadu nh\u1ea5t, ngang b\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1nh. V\u0169 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn\u201d. \u201c\u00d4ng l\u1edbn\u201d c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00f4ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u00f4ng b\u2026\u201d. H\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe \u00f4ng ta! \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c. \u00d4ng ta c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i ri\u00eang chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng ta m\u1edbi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kinh, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u2026 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n vinh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ef5 qu\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e3 m\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u1ef1c: b\u00e1i v\u1eadt t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i phu, nh\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d<\/a>[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u00e0o d\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng: l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u1edf ph\u00eda sau l\u01b0ng, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng ti\u1ec1n-hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/i><\/strong>:<\/i> Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, c\u00e1c \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1\u201d m\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0i nghi, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201csi\u00eau truy\u1ec7n\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy l\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh duy \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bao c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 sao? Cho n\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p, Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i, hay \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n, r\u1ed3i \u0111em so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1 H\u1eefu, Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean, \u0110\u00e0o V\u0169, Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed3ng, hay Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Thi, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ngay, c\u00e1c \u201csi\u00eau truy\u1ec7n\u201d v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh, v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang ra truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e1 ra ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec xa l\u1ea1 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/i><\/strong>:<\/i> ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n-hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng v\u1ec9a tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u0103n ho\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/i>. M. Bakhtin cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1eed thi, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian m\u1edbi: to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n<\/i>. N\u00f3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1n c\u00e1ch s\u1eed thi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a thi ph\u00e1p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ta v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 v\u00e2n giang d\u1edf, \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u Ng\u00f4 m\u00ecnh S\u1edf\u201d, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c k\u00ec h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. Nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. S\u1edf d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, v\u00ec v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chia tay kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u201cnh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ng\u1eef b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng dao<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1<\/i><\/a>[7]<\/a>. <\/i><\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n gian, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00f3i \u201cthanh m\u00e0 t\u1ee5c, t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 thanh\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u1ede ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a 3.3.3.9 [nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n]<\/i><\/b> trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u00eam, ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i g\u1ee3i ta nh\u1edb t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00f2 di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u d\u00e2n gian ti\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c li\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trung \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng ai t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc Thu\u1ef7 H\u1eed<\/i> c\u1ee7a Thi N\u1ea1i Am, Tam qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ed di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a<\/i> c\u1ee7a La Qu\u00e1n Trung, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trung \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y, ph\u00eda sau v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u0103n, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/i>, ph\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/i>, ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: \u201cTh\u00e1nh Th\u00e1n ph\u00ea\u201d, \u201cL\u1eddi b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Mao T\u00f4n C\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cmi ph\u00ea\u201d. \u201cMi ph\u00ea\u201d trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trung \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u201cL\u1edcI B\u00c0N [PH\u00cdM\u2026] C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C NETIZEN\u201d trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u201cMi ph\u00ea\u201d trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trung \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau: \u201cchu ph\u00ea\u201d (ph\u00ea b\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecf, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a vua), \u201clam ph\u00ea\u201d (ph\u00ea b\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c xanh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i khoa, \u0111\u1ea1i quan) v\u00e0 \u201cm\u1eb7c ph\u00ea\u201d (ph\u00ea b\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c \u0111en, l\u1eddi ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb s\u0129 n\u00f3i chung). Trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0 d\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng, th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n, gi\u1edbi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 ngay t\u1edbi l\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh. Nh\u01b0ng khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u1ef1a ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u01b0 duy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft 3.3.3.9 [nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n] <\/i><\/b>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 <\/i><\/b>tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 khung truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Khung truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt: Schditt von deBalle-Kant<\/i>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 M\u1ed9ng H\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quen thu\u1ed9c: truy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh<\/i>. T\u1eeb hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u201cm\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ebb m\u1ed9t\u201d (11) c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh. T\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a 11 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi M\u1ed9ng H\u01b0\u1eddng, truy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n l\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u00e1i th\u00fa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00fang d\u1ee5<\/i>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1m r\u1ec5 r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc trong v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i khung c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ph\u00fang d\u1ee5 ho\u00e1 ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/i> c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m n\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/i> trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n. Ta c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ea5y qua c\u00e1i nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c3.3.3.9 [nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n]\u201d <\/i><\/b>v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng trong cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft. Ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y, nhan \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 hai v\u1ebf: v\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i con s\u1ed1, v\u1ebf sau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ec3 trong ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf v\u1ebf sau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a cho v\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nhan \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ed3n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o m\u1ea5y con s\u1ed1. Trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u201c3\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c9\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ba s\u1ed1 \u201c3\u201d gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 \u201c9\u201d. \u201c9\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c: n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cba v\u1ea1n ch\u00edn ngh\u00ecn ng\u00e0y\u201d, l\u00e0 tr\u0103m n\u0103m c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u201cK\u1ec3 chi th\u1eb1ng l\u00ean b\u1ea9y, \u0111\u1ee9a l\u00ean n\u0103m. D\u1eabu ba v\u1ea1n s\u00e1u ngh\u00ecn ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c?\u201d<\/i>(Ch\u01a1i xu\u00e2n k\u1ebbo h\u1ebft xu\u00e2n \u0111i<\/i> – Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9). <\/p>\n

\u00c1c m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i, n\u1ebfu ng\u1eabm k\u0129 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u201cph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cnhan \u0111\u1ec1\u201d v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u00f4g\u00edc \u201cch\u00ednh – ph\u1ee5\u201d (t\u1ec9 nh\u01b0: \u201cNh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n\u201d <\/i>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n<\/b> c\u1ee7a <\/i>\u201c3.3.3.9\u201d), ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t (t\u1ec9 nh\u01b0: \u201cNh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0<\/b> \u201c3.3.3.9\u201d). Ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, hai m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u201c3.3.3.9\u201d l\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1<\/i>, g\u1ee3i ra \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/i> v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i>. \u201cNh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n\u201d l\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi t\u00ean<\/i>. K\u00ed hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u<\/i> (index). K\u00ed hi\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi t\u00ean thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u<\/i> (icon) v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u <\/i>(symbol). \u201cCh\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u\u201d l\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy l\u00f4gic, khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 duy tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i>. \u201cH\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u\u201d l\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/i>, t\u01b0 duy h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i>, t\u01b0 duy ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/i> v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i<\/i>. V\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, hai v\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c3.3.3.9 [nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n]\u201d <\/i><\/b>l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/i>, g\u1ee3i ra b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n<\/i>, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nghi, theo ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh, phi \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3<\/i>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n \u1ea5y, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u1ebd x\u1ea9y ra v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Cho n\u00ean, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nhan \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i n\u1ea9y ra gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>\/\u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i<\/i> gi\u1eefa l\u00ed t\u00ednh<\/i> v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh<\/i>, gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n x\u00e1c<\/i> v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh<\/i>, gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/i> v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1<\/i>, gi\u1eefa v\u0103n minh<\/i> v\u00e0 m\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i<\/i>, gi\u1eefa k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u00f9 l\u1ea7n<\/i>\u2026 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng sai, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh. Trong 3.3.3.9 [nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n]<\/i> <\/b>c\u00f3 3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd: <\/i>Schditt \u2013 \u00d4ng B\u00e0 \u2013 M\u1ed9ng H\u01b0\u1eddng. Ba nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ba c\u1ee5m bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ba b\u00e8 gi\u1ecdng: L\u00ed tr\u00ed \u2013 T\u00e2m linh \u2013 Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c nh\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m. <\/i>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u1ede nhan \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 khung truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 ph\u00fang d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nghi<\/i><\/b>. \u1ede ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tam v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3<\/i><\/b>. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sau l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quen thu\u1ed9c trong v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong t\u01b0 duy tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. <\/p>\n

4. M\u1ea5y l\u1eddi k\u1ebft. <\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i><\/strong>:<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201cl\u0103n t\u0103n\u201d, r\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u0169 k\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ta c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. <\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/i><\/strong>:<\/i> \u1edf nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mu\u1ed9n, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo ki\u1ec3u t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, kh\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eaft x\u00edch khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t l\u1eafm khi b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i tr\u00ed. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau 1975 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i quy lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y. <\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/i><\/strong>:<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, r\u1ed3i l\u1edbn l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u00edt th\u1edf kh\u00ed tr\u1eddi, d\u1ea7m m\u01b0a t\u1eafm n\u1eafng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n-hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00f3i duy \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u201cl\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i\u201d, ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4n ngu\u00f4i, c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac bi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u2026, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u00e9t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0:<\/i> v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o tr\u00f2 di\u1ec5n, \u0111\u1ecdc \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xem\u201cnh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u\u201d t\u1eeb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 xem v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1u v\u1eadt th\u00f4i th\u00fac ta \u201ckh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 tri th\u1ee9c\u201d. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u0103n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 R. Barthes, hay M. Foucault t\u1eebng l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft xong sau ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf h\u1ee5t. \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u00e1t 22.12.2012<\/i><\/p>\n

LN<\/b><\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>[1]<\/a> Xem: L\u00e3 Nguy\u00ean.- Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i<\/i>.- Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 12\/2007.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[2]<\/a> \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u00e2n.- 3.3.3.9 [nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7n]<\/i>. Nxb H\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, H.,2011, tr. 180-181<\/p>\n

<\/a>[3]<\/a>. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Tr.10.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[4]<\/a> Xem: L\u00e3 Nguy\u00ean.- Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i<\/i>.- Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 12\/2007, tr. 38.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[5]<\/a> Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p<\/i>.- Nxb Tr\u1ebb, 2003. Tr. 217.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[6]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p.- \u201cB\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\u201d, Truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p<\/i>.- Nxb Tr\u1ebb, 2003. <\/p>\n

Tr. 692-693.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[7]<\/a> Xem: L\u00e3 Nguy\u00ean.- Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i<\/i>.- Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1 12\/2007.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo t\u00f4i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb <\/em>\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec7u<\/em>, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u0111a thanh<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1879,"featured_media":27160,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-phe-binh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1879"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27161"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27161\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52663,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27161\/revisions\/52663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}