K\u00ednh g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh<\/i><\/p>\n
C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi Nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/i> l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh minh h\u1ecda t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0 \u201cM\u00f9a xu\u00e2n B\u1eafc Kinh\u201d, th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n[4]<\/a> trong v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i v\u00e0o tho\u00e1i tr\u00e0o. T\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb sau th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y, ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Thu H\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e2n V\u0103n 2\u201d[5]<\/a>, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng theo ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ee9t ra ngo\u00e0i \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m m\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn n\u00f3i chung, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a kh\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecfa gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ee9c b\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. Nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch th\u01a1 ca \u2013 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft, t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n \u2013 Giai Ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1edbp sau nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Ho\u00e0ng H\u01b0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf t\u00f9 nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00ed Thi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u1ecb b\u1ecf t\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean, Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea1 T\u1eeb…, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1ng \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ng\u0103n nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean Hellman \u2013 Hammett, gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ct\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d n\u00e0y m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca trong \u0111\u00f3, khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u2212 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 im v\u1eafng d\u1ea7n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5t l\u00ean m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n, sinh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, 70, 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh, Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng, Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u00f3m M\u1edf Mi\u1ec7ng, hay nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7 hay Damau, s\u1ed1ng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, bao qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sang \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5, t\u1eeb n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt t\u1edbi c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u201cthay m\u00e1u\u201d, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y trong c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u01b0 v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u1ea3ng th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi cho d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng (ni\u1ec1m tin) gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng qua gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i thi\u00eang h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb dai d\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ec5u nh\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i Ch\u00e1t, L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee3i, Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1eddng, Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng, Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd…, nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01a1 xoay quanh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0ng Sa, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c anh em d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c (ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 n\u0103m 2007 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2010) t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. Th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eafm c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i Ch\u00e1t, trong t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u2013 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb B\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea7n<\/i><\/b> v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201cc\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3ng th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft<\/p>\n (<\/i><\/strong>\u0110\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecf<\/i><\/strong> \u2212 <\/i><\/strong>T\u1eeb t\u1eadp<\/i><\/strong> B\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea7n, 2010)<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n N\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf trong c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea7y ho\u00e0i nghi, ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u1eeba mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf v\u1eeba kh\u00f3 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1eeba n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 bao tr\u00f9m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eeba hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1i g\u00f4ng xi\u1ec1ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n d\u1eabn ra \u0111\u00e2y ba nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ph\u00eda Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh, Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng v\u00e0 Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng n\u0103m sinh (1958) v\u00e0 Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n (sinh n\u0103m 1972). Trong m\u1ea3ng th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t khi h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 suy t\u01b0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u00f9a b\u1ee1n, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tin r\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 ca ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tin r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u01a1 ca c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh n\u00e9m ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng th\u01a1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 qu\u00e9t m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t c\u1ecd l\u1edbn nh\u1eb1m x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01a1 ca c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i chi ti\u1ebft th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c:<\/p>\n H\u1eadu, h\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eadu…<\/b><\/p>\n Nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng: m\u1eb7t tao tr\u01a1. (R\u00fat t\u1eeb t\u1eadp \u00ca, tao \u0111\u00e2y<\/i><\/b>, 2005<\/i>)<\/p>\n Th\u01a1 Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i kh\u00e1c, mu\u1ed1n ph\u01a1i m\u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng theo th\u1eddi gian, t\u1eeb hai t\u1eadp xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng Kh\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/i><\/b> (nxb Tr\u1ebb: 1997), Hi\u1ec7n<\/i><\/b> <\/i>(nxb Thanh Ni\u00ean: 2000) t\u1edbi ba t\u1eadp th\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ebook v\u00e0 photo sau \u0111\u00f3 B\u1ea7u Tr\u1eddi L\u00f4ng G\u00e0 L\u00f4ng V\u1ecbt<\/a><\/i><\/b> <\/i><\/b>[eBook] (Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7, Australia: 2003) v\u00e0 Hai \u0110o\u00e1 Hoa Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1n Cho C\u00f4ng D\u00e2n H\u1ea1ng Hai<\/i><\/b> (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n: 2006), M\u00e2y bay l\u00e0 bay r\u1ed3i<\/i><\/b> (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 2010) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb l\u00e0m th\u01a1, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u00edch, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb tham d\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7y hoang mang, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi anh. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u2013 k\u1ebb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u xa, ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01a1 b\u00e9, ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, k\u1ebb \u0111i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng l\u1eb1n \u0111\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c, v\u1eeba ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu, v\u1eeba b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u1eeba t\u1ef1 mang v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1eadp th\u01a1 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a anh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i h\u00ecnh dung anh, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0i, \u201c\u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm\u201d:<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfm (Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm<\/i>)<\/p>\n \u1ede m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u00ecnh, th\u1eb3ng b\u0103ng, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ec9a mai, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac: \u201cTh\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21\/t\u00f4i\/d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d (C\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed t\u1ebf<\/i>), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, anh \u00fd th\u1ee9c sinh m\u1ec7nh hay th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 anh s\u1ed1ng\/ch\u1ebft:<\/p>\n Thi s\u0129! Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef anh \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i s\u1ee3 (\u0110\u00f4i ch\u00e2n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn b\u01b0\u1edbc ra<\/i>)<\/p>\n Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u k\u00edn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u2013 k\u1ebb n\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i m\u1edf n\u1ed7i \u0111au v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do. \u1ede nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 anh ph\u01a1i m\u1edf n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb b\u00ean l\u1ec1 v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng khi l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u, khi ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m trong th\u01a1 anh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c \u00eam \u00e1i. N\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e1c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n, th\u01a1 Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1ebb nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7y h\u01b0 v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01a1 ca. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong th\u01a1 Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u201d m\u00e0 anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0i nghi n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ed3ng \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01a1 r\u00e1c v\u1edbi L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee3i, B\u00f9i Ch\u00e1t, Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd, hai t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n mang t\u00ean Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/i> (2001) <\/b>v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u201d<\/i><\/b> (2004), khai th\u00e1c r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u qua c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tin b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, bi\u1ebfn b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef. Thi s\u0129 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ng\u1eadp ng\u1ee5a th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n t\u00f4i, \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t saigon d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u sao (th\u1ee5 c\u1ea3m \u2013 october<\/i><\/b>)<\/p>\n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ccon \u0111\u0129 r\u1ea1c\u201d. V\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1ea5y, Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd l\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecda, th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean, tr\u01a1 l\u1ef3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 h\u1ecda ch\u00e2n dung \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n:<\/p>\n m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 g\u00e1i 70 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1ng l\u00e1ch trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ebbm t\u1ed1i (m\u00e0y l\u00e0 ai<\/i>)<\/p>\n Thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca. \u1ede Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u0103m ph\u1eabn, n\u1ed7i gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, \u1edf Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1ec9a mai hay \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, \u1edf Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nhu\u1ed1m m\u00e0u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ec7ng v\u1ef1c. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ho\u00e0i nghi, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u00e0i nghi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi soi v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng b\u1ecb b\u00f4i x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 trong s\u1ef1 b\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c l\u1eadt m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a, hay mua vui v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111ang cho\u00e0ng l\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch m\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 gian x\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e0y x\u00e9o v\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i cho g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean vai c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed? Song song v\u1edbi n\u00f3, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u01a1: Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi s\u0129 nh\u01b0 Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u1ea1o r\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u201cl\u00e0m th\u01a1\u201d n\u1eefa. Khi th\u01a1 ca n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u01a1 ca, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c. Khi th\u01a1 ca t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01a1 ca, th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i ti\u1ebfp con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, n\u00f3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u01a1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c th\u01a1 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n Samizdat \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i <\/b><\/p>\n Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3ng th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n samizdat theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c photocopy, ebook v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng. L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh khi t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n C\u1ee7a c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea9n d\u1ee5<\/i><\/b> tr\u00ean Talawas cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2001, t\u1eadp th\u01a1 th\u1ee9 ba sau hai t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 b\u00ean l\u1ec1 h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0nh vi ti\u00ean phong g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1edbi l\u00e0 internet:<\/p>\n \u201c Vi\u1ebft, in & ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh trong s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp tay v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng. B\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y. M\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a v\u1edbi \u00e2m m\u01b0u b\u00f3p ch\u1ebft t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen, m\u1ed9t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i v\u0103n minh vi t\u00ednh, th\u01a1 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khom xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chui qua s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m x\u00e9t n\u00e0o\u201d. [6]<\/a><\/p>\n Th\u01a1 photo t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m M\u1edf Mi\u1ec7ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u1ea5y V\u1ee5n. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u1ea5y V\u1ee5n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1n c\u00f4ng khai, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m m\u0129 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 in \u1ea5n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m M\u1edf Mi\u1ec7ng (M\u1edf Mi\u1ec7ng, 13 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, Khoan c\u1eaft b\u00ea t\u00f4ng<\/i><\/b>), hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee3i, B\u00f9i Ch\u00e1t, Kh\u00fac Duy, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong \u2013 ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 (47<\/i><\/b>), r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p \u201cph\u1ee5c c\u1ed5\u201d, \u201cc\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e2n bi\u00ean\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 L\u0129nh \u0110inh ch\u00edch qu\u00e1i<\/i><\/b> (th\u01a1 th\u01a1 \u0110inh Linh), L\u0129nh Nam t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c<\/i><\/b> (V\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Quang), Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef t\u00e2n th\u01b0<\/i><\/b> (Ph\u1ea1m L\u01b0u V\u0169)…, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cb\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp\u201d nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea1i s\u00fac v\u1eadt<\/i><\/b> c\u1ee7a G.Owen, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n V\u00e0ng Sao, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng\u2026 H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ngo\u00e0i lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u1ec9a h\u00e8, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n photocopy d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2003 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2008 \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u2212 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc n\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n photo \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Gi\u1ea5y V\u1ee5n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 in \u1ea5n c\u00e1c thi t\u1eadp ri\u00eang \u2212 v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang, t\u00f9y theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 T\u00f9y Ti\u1ec7n, C\u1eeda, Da V\u00e0ng, \u0110i\u1ebfu C\u00e0y, L\u1ec1 B\u00ean Tr\u00e1i, Utopia, T\u00e2n H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c… T\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n photo, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u01a1, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecfa, nh\u01b0 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u1eadp th\u01a1 photo th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a anh M\u00e2y bay l\u00e0 bay r\u1ed3i<\/i><\/b>:<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1 g\u00ec khi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u0103n minh \u201cmua\u201d gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 th\u01a1 s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n …Th\u01a1 cho t\u00f4i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh cho th\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i y\u00eau t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u00f4i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t phi chu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1 \u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp th\u1ea9m m\u0129 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec9a h\u00e8. Ngo\u00e0i n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u00eca, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed cho vui m\u1eaft, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, th\u01a1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n. Xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1eddng trong lo\u1ea1t ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u01a1 photo c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u1ea5y V\u1ee5n th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n \u201cT\u1eadp th\u01a1 j\u00e1c t\u1eeb j\u01b0\u1edfi b\u00eca n\u00e2u. B\u00eca tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00eca sau l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t giai nh\u00e2n b\u00e1n kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n, mang d\u1edb \u0111en t\u1edbi b\u1eb9n, tranh Egon Schiele, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u00c1o \u1edf Vienna v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecda s\u0129 "suy \u0111\u1ed3i" (Klimt, Kokoschka…) b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t tranh trong th\u1eddi Hitler. Ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 ghi c\u00e2u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Tadeusz R\u00f3zewics: "T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra n\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. Th\u01a1 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t bu\u1ed5i t\u1eadn th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua. T\u00f4i kinh t\u1edfm s\u1ef1 phi l\u00ed \u1ea5y", r\u00fat t\u1eeb trang "Th\u01a1 Trung \u00c2u" do Th\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi sai\/tr\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9: "T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Th\u01a1 19, m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n 2000", thay v\u00ec "m\u00f9a thu" (\u0111\u00fang). Nh\u00ecn chung, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. N\u1ed9i dung, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec5u… \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hoan h\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i, n\u00ean xin \u0111\u1ec3 qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ec5 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam: Dada ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebft, c\u00f2n sung s\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Mark Twain, William Faulkner… \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng ngh\u00e8o, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u00f3m M\u1edf Mi\u1ec7ng c\u0169ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3. Th\u01a1 d\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o r\u00e1c. Th\u01a1 d\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y r\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 li\u1ec7ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y x\u00e1o ch\u1ed9n trong \u0111\u1eddi con h\u1ebbm 47, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ed3n qu\u00e8 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con c\u1eb7c t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n T\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh b\u00eca c\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 hay th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec9a h\u00e8, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh b\u00eca vui m\u1eaft ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian nguy hi\u1ec3m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc y\u1ebfu tim th\u01a1, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i thi\u00eang t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0, \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u00eca lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ea1<\/i> ho\u1eb7cth\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/i> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb c\u01a1 quan ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a thu h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n T\u1eadp th\u01a1 Cailonbodi<\/i><\/b> (2004):<\/p>\n B\u00eca 1: \u0111inh linh v\u1ebd th\u01a1 l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee3i \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y nghi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n B\u00eca Th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 g\u1eaby s\u00fang:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n B\u00eca t\u1eadp Khoan c\u1eaft b\u00ea t\u00f4ng<\/i><\/b> (23 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, 2005): b\u00eca gi\u1ea5y xi m\u0103ng, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u2212 \u201cR\u00fat h\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u, th\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u\u201d, \u201cC\u1ea5m tr\u00e8o\u201d, \u201cNguy hi\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/p>\n B\u00eca t\u1eadp Xa\u00f9o cho\u00e4n chong nga\u00f8y<\/i><\/b>:<\/i><\/p>\n B\u00eca t\u1eadp H\u1ea7m b\u00e0 l\u1ea7n<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n B\u00eca t\u1eadp Xin l\u1ed7i, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ed5ng n\u1ed5i<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n B\u00eca t\u1eadp \u00ca, tao \u0111\u00e2y \u2013 Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh<\/p>\n B\u00eca t\u1eadp \u201c\u0110\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u201d- th\u01a1 Phan B\u00e1 Th\u1ecd<\/p>\n D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c samizdat \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 samizdat qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Bulgari, Czechoslovakia, li\u00ean bang Soviet h\u1eadu Stalin hay \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0, do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a internet, samizdat ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 qua vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ch, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u01a1, h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan s\u00e2u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n: v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng mong manh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u201cm\u1ea1nh\u201d kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1edfi v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1, hay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t, th\u01a1 ca ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n \u00edt \u1ecfi tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u01a1 m\u1edbi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u00edt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00e0y b\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u01a1, tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0, trong khi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp th\u01a1, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t g\u1eaft gao th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u01a1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i: h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n ra \u0111\u1ec3 xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 in th\u01a1, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 in \u1ea5n. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c. Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 chia s\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n nay. Song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phim, \u1ea3nh, nh\u1ea1c d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, hay s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t samizdat c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a\u2026, samizdat v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf ngo\u1eb7c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: s\u1ebd l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, quy gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trong H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf\u201d v\u00e0 chia bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n phong \/ b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Khi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, trong s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u1edf trong H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng b\u1ecb k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 samizdat (t\u1ef1\/b\u1ecb) b\u00ean l\u1ec1 h\u00f3a, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tham gia c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a samizdat \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trong c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201cchuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf\u201d \u201cto\u00e0n tr\u1ecb\u201d, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o n\u1ebfu d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cth\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn\u201d. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: t\u1eeb \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u01a1, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ea3ng th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, trong kh\u00f4ng gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n \u2212 Giai Ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi samizdat c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do. Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u01a1 ca c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u1edf th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u01a1 m\u1edbi, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u01a1, n\u1eb1m \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng ch\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p l\u01a1 l\u1eedng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n hay th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng<\/b><\/p>\n Th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n samizdat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh dung n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 do cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f4m nay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tham d\u1ef1 (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc) c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i xung quanh c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00ec v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do, m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, khi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n… kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m chung, khi vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00e0y t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c[9]<\/a> th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3u samizdat v\u00e0 ebook, c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, mang l\u1ea1i k\u00ec v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1edbi, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ebook \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi: quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ebook ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Damau th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ni\u1ec1m k\u00ec v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ebook<\/i>[10]<\/a>, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trong vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, v\u1eeba t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u00edt \u1ecfi v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a samizdat d\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ch in.[11]<\/a> Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ebook, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean k\u1ec7 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Damau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1eb7ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y chia s\u1ebb \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadp d\u00f2ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Talawas, Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7, H\u1ee3p L\u01b0u, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed th\u01a1 (c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c in gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 online), Gi\u00f3 \u2013 o, hay Da M\u00e0u[12]<\/a>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tranh lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tr\u00ean Talawas ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 photocopy tr\u00ean Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7 n\u0103m 2005 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn xoay quanh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam, Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n \u2013 Giai Ph\u1ea9m, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a quanh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n, c\u1eaft x\u00e9n nh\u01b0 Nam Dao v\u1edbi Tr\u0103ng nguy\u00ean s\u01a1<\/i>,<\/b> Ban Mai v\u1edbi V\u1ebft ch\u00e2n d\u00e3 tr\u00e0ng<\/i><\/b>,<\/i> Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u<\/i><\/b>… \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n Giai Ph\u1ea9m, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Talawas, Tr\u00ean K\u1ec7 S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Damau, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c download mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 b\u01b0ng b\u00edt th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7, Damau hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Talawas blog \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng gian tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 do. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u0103m 2010, Talawas ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau 9 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eb1n ranh tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n, gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec1n phong v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb ki\u00eang d\u00e8 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3\/\u0111ang t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh dung khu\u00f4n s\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u vui khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y b\u00fat m\u1edbi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n theo c\u00e1ch phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c v\u1eeba v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tham d\u1ef1, v\u1eeba chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng chung v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi. Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a V\u00e1clav Havel v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1eadu to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb lu\u00f4n mang ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3m nguy c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00fd th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 quan, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 sang kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7, hay Damau \u2013 hai di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm t\u00f2i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01a1, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ecm l\u1eabn, hay tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u xung \u0111\u1ed9t nhau trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca: l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ee9c th\u00ec v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng hay l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ecm b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a th\u01a1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 h\u01a1n, m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Th\u01a1 ca, trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed3n vui ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh; nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u01a1 ca h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: n\u00f3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, gia nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng kho\u00e1c nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u00e1o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb, c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng hay g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 khi l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u00e1o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c: s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong th\u01a1 ca v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m \u00e1t \u0111i nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm c\u00e1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1ed1n d\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m chung? Khi t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam thi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u1ec1 <\/b>gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 t\u1ef1 do<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n samizdat nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1 ca c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Khi th\u01a1 ca mu\u1ed1n l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ecdi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca hay xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chinh ph\u1ee5c hay kh\u00f4ng chinh ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/i>, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do<\/i>, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/i> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u, vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 ca c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1eeba l\u00e0\/hay v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u2013 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 mang tham v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca cheo leo tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3: l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u01a1 ca c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hay m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u00e8, m\u1ed9t v\u1edf ph\u00e1t thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean s\u1eb5n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng? <\/b>Khi n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau?<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i b\u0103n kho\u0103n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7, d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, hay b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i v\u1eabn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft\u201d v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Khi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i trong ni\u1ec1m hi v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0, \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n cho c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafm s\u1eb5n c\u1edd b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i, t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, m\u1ecb d\u00e2n t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a? Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang, sai trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n? S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft s\u00f3ng sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 x\u00e1c minh t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 hay mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua th\u01a1? V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ebb t\u1ebb r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c? C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u0129 cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh em, b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n? H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, n\u1ebfu th\u01a1 ca mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/i> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f3 l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111ang th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb quan ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5- g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, nh\u1eefng r\u1ea1n v\u1ee1 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau… Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng, khi xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y cao h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n chung chung d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tham v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 th\u01a1 v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 thi ph\u00e1p \u201c\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n,\u201d ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng h\u01a1n, mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Trong khi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 cho v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i theo ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 qu\u00ean c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c quy gi\u1ea3m m\u1ecdi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00ean c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1eabn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea7m t\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay cho t\u00f4i h\u00ecnh dung ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ed5n ngang, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n H\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca. Cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mang h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nam quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 tan v\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u1ecb \u0111eo \u00e1ch, c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho n\u00f3 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn k\u00e8m v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c th\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o l\u00ea th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. C\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u1edf g\u00f3c h\u1eb9p m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1edfi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn, h\u1eadu to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9: m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y hay th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. Khi s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00ec thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u01a1 l\u00e0, hay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, hay c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eddi ch\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00ec \u201cnh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1eabn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u1ea3y ra. D\u1ea5n th\u00e2n (v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1) ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed cho th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro, bi\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. B\u1edfi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111u\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\/th\u01a1 ca v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, hay \u00fd ngh\u0129a can thi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Sartre, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t th\u01a1 v\u1edbi \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khung kh\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u01a1 ca c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hay nh\u1eefng li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt, hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca trong ni\u1ec1m h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Marxist \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Yeats, Pound, Robert Lowell, Maiakovski,… V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u00ean l\u1ec1, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0u da, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0u vong, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eadu th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f9ng Caribe, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Phi Ch\u00e2u, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Salman Rushdie, V.S.Naipaul…, v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Seamus Heaney (b\u1eafc Ailen) Wole Soyinka (Nigeria)… C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Li\u1ec7u v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1i y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1i nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, c\u00e1i b\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb ch\u1ecbu n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\/th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c l\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1ng\/s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1eabn c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n \u1ede trong nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n nhu c\u1ea7u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n phong (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n) v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb? Li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng? C\u00f9ng l\u00fac m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n, hay \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng? Hay b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i to l\u00ean kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 v\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eeba th\u00e3i gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 do? Nh\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng sinh ra t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, trong ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh h\u1eb9p, khi s\u1ef1 neo b\u00e1m \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u1ef1 do s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft? T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi phong tr\u00e0o th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. Quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ea7n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i v\u1edbi th\u01a1 ca, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng th\u01a1 mang ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, hay t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t? D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y hay n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ra kh\u1ecfi th\u01a1 ca h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u201cphi th\u01a1\u201d, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00ec v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c\/tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n\/ng\u1ee3i ca ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c\/th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng tr\u0103ng hoa m\u00e2y gi\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00fd ngh\u0129a, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u1ea1i \u00edt t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, hay b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u0129 h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi t\u00ednh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n Th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c. Ai \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ecdi ra c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta r\u1ed1i trong m\u1edb b\u00f2ng bong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3? N\u00f3 l\u00e0m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n, hay l\u00e0 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c? N\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, hay ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf? Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn xem, d\u00f9 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng lu\u00f4n kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y t\u1edbi n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng gian? V\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn,\u201d b\u1edfi n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qu\u00e1 n\u1ebfu l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ai vi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh dung n\u1ed5i, h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecbt tai b\u1ecbt m\u1eaft, tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hay v\u1ebd ra nh\u1eefng hi v\u1ecdng h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 do theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, d\u00f9 ng\u1ee3i ca hay ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e2m u, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1edb b\u00f2ng bong c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n <\/b><\/p>\n <\/b><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n, H\u1ea3i Ng\u1ecdc, Ph\u00f9ng H\u00e0 Thanh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00f3p \u00fd cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> B\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 26-5-1987 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean trang nh\u1ea5t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u00edt \u0111\u1eadm: Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ngay<\/em> c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh, k\u00ed t\u00ean N.V.L, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i c\u00f9ng nhan \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Thanh Th\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a N.V.L, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00e8m v\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft Th\u01a1: Can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft<\/i>, b\u00e1o V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7<\/i>, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, s\u1ed1 34 (22-87). B\u1ea3n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n http:\/\/www.viet-studies.info\/NhaVanDoiMoi\/ThanhThao_CanDamVaDoanket.htm<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ch\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ai \u0111i\u1ebfu. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi ai \u0111i\u1ebfu cho m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda<\/i> (1989) ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn trong Trang gi\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e8n<\/i><\/b>, nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, 1994.<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> Th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng VI n\u0103m 1986, trong v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh th\u00e1ng 10\/1987 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tho\u00e1i tr\u00e0o l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n 1989, Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc th\u00f4i c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp b\u00e1o V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi th\u1eddi k\u00ec ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 do s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e1 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean \u2013 Ngh\u0129 sao n\u00f3i v\u1eady<\/i> – Talawas 21.4.2005. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/www.talawas.org\/talaDB\/showFile.php?res=4337&rb=0202<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh \u2013 C\u1ee7a c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 <\/i><\/b>\u2212 Talawas.org \u2013 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/www.talawas.org\/talaDB\/suche.php?res=922&rb=<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng, T\u1ef1a t\u1eadp M\u00e2y bay l\u00e0 bay r\u1ed3i<\/i><\/b>, th\u01a1 photocopy, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 2010.<\/p>\n [8]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng \u2013 Chung quanh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c photocopy \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n – Tienve.org. Online t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/www.tienve.org\/home\/literature\/viewLiterature.do;jsessionid=F5008FC678590C3D6817606E05807823?action=viewArtwork&artworkId=4491<\/a>.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f9ng trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0110o\u00e0n C\u1ea7m Thi, \u0110\u1eb7ng Th\u01a1 Th\u01a1, L\u01b0u Hy L\u1ea1c, \u0110inh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh, Tr\u1ecbnh Thanh Th\u1ee7y, Mai Ninh, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n http:\/\/tienve.org\/home\/authors\/viewAuthors.do?action=show&authorId=32<\/a><\/p>\n [9]<\/a> N\u1eef t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ly Ho\u00e0ng Ly (sinh n\u0103m 1975) t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u0103m 2006 cho t\u1eadp th\u01a1 L\u00f4 L\u00f4<\/i><\/b> v\u1edbi l\u00fd do: "Khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tr\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Phan H\u1ed3ng Giang – \u1ee6y vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng chung kh\u1ea3o Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3i, t\u00f4i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i "T\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1edfng" c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 trao cho t\u00f4i. Qua b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Phan H\u1ed3ng Giang, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t gi\u1ea3i, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u\u201d (Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng chung kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Ly Ho\u00e0ng Ly \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tin b\u00e1o ch\u00ed). N\u0103m 2011, \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t b\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 v\u0103n xin r\u00fat t\u00ean kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch trao gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n S\u01a1n Nam, Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc, S\u01a1n T\u00f9ng, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Khoa \u0110i\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n [10]<\/a> Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u2013 Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ebook<\/i> \u2013 damau.org ng\u00e0y 18.04.2011. Online t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/19535<\/p>\n [11]<\/a> T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ebook Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u201cquy\u1ec1n\u201d ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ebook kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ebook \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ebook kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ebook c\u1ee7a Damau l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n [12]<\/a> Hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trang m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n hai di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ch\u00ednh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Da M\u00e0u. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7: \u201cTI\u1ec0N V\u1ec6<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi hai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a TI\u1ec0N V\u1ec6<\/b> l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i Th\u1ecbnh V\u01b0\u1ee3ng Chung c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u01a1i, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nhau trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm t\u00f2i v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1i m\u1edbi.\u201d\/ \u201cTIEN VE<\/b> is an online centre for the arts (including literature, music, visual and performing arts) whose principal activities are presenting new creative works and organizing debates on aesthetic and artistic issues. The main aim of TIEN VE<\/b> is to contribute to the formation of a Commonwealth of Vietnamese Arts, where, regardless of geographical and political differences, everyone can join and share their endeavour in exploration and experimentation so that artistic creativity is reunited with its original meaning, namely, the making of the new.\u201d Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a DaM\u00e0u: \u201cV\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng phi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi: ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh, m\u00e0u da, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u00e0i v\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7, xin \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam b\u00e0i: \u201cTI\u1ec0N V\u1ec6 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng & di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d, online t\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n http:\/\/www.tienve.org\/home\/literature\/viewLiterature.do;jsessionid=33FA0F54398ABA0097EE5F6EB878E572?action=viewArtwork&artworkId=8544<\/a>, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i tham lu\u1eadn \u201cTIEN VE and Freedom of Thought & Expression for Contemporary Vietnamese Arts\u201d<\/a> do Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc-Tu\u1ea5n, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u201cEchoes of a War\u201d trong cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m NAM BANG!, t\u1ea1i Casula Powerhouse Arts Centre, ng\u00e0y 17\/04\/2009. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc trong cu\u1ed9c to\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e0m \u201cTh\u01a1 v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea1c th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, t\u1ea1i Casula Powerhouse Arts Centre, chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y 19\/04\/2009. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Damau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u201cTh\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t nam hi\u1ec7n nay\u201d \u1edf t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t B\u00e1o (US)<\/i> ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y 11.12.2010, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u201cDamau, M\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d online t\u1ea1i http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/17410<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea9y xa h\u1ebft c\u1ee1 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u01a1 ca v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/em> d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1004,"featured_media":26303,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,172,5,138],"tags":[419],"class_list":["post-26320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ban-tron","category-ban-tron-van-hoc-nghe-thuat","category-bien-khao","category-tieu-luan","tag-nha-thuyen"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1004"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26320"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26320\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72053,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26320\/revisions\/72053"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
hay l\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh \u01a1i!
nh\u1eefng con g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng trong th\u01a1 Neruda
xin \u0111\u1eebng g\u00e1y n\u1eefa.
Nh\u01b0ng g\u00e1y l\u00ean b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u b\u00ecnh minh
l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng
\u0111\u1eebng thi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, h\u1ee1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng
ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e9o quay tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u00e2n
D\u00f9 nh\u1eefng con g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e1y l\u00ean
th\u00ec b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee9 t\u1edbi
nh\u1eefng con g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi
h\u00e3y l\u00f9i ra!
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103ng ng\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n th\u00f9
ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta
kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa
V\u00ec T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c ta \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi
ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin hi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecf ng\u0103n t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i
Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i t\u1ea5t b\u1eadt
Gi\u00f3 m\u00e1t sau l\u01b0ng h\u1ecd<\/p>\n
B\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecf
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bay l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
Giao l\u1ed9 \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i
Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/p>\n
Nh\u00ecn nghi\u00eang: m\u1eb7t tao l\u1ec7ch.
Nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00ean: m\u1eb7t tao \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ebft.
\u0110\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh Mi\u00ean: tao l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby v\u00e0ng.
\u0110\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh T\u00e2y: tao hoang mang x\u1eb9p.
\u0110\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh T\u1ea7u: tao kh\u00e9p n\u00e9p h\u00ed.
Ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc: c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a tao l\u00e0 kh\u1ec9.
Ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y: c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a tao l\u00e0 ma.
Ki\u1ebfp sau: qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a tao l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng x\u00e3.
H\u1ed3i x\u01b0a tao x\u0103m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh T\u1ea7u.
B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng tao ngh\u00eau ngao b\u00e1n \u0111\u1eadu h\u1ee7.
H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 tao g\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y.
B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ed1 tao ng\u1ed3i v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 s\u1eeda gi\u00e0y.
H\u1ed3i n\u00e3y tao b\u00e1n m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9.
B\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1ee3 tao n\u00f4n nao l\u1ea5y Hu\u00ea K\u1ef3.
\u0110\u00f4i khi tao mu\u1ed1n qu\u00ean: \u00f4i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3c l\u1ebb loi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh!
\u0110\u00f4i khi tao mu\u1ed1n tin: \u00f4i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3c l\u1ebb loi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh!
\u0110\u00f4i khi tao mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u00ean: \u00f4i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3c l\u1ebb loi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh!<\/p>\n
b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1eeb m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111i, \u0111\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i
t\u1eeb v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 kia ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng
ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t
ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfm hai\u2026
s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y x\u00edch v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fac c\u0103ng l\u00fac ch\u00f9ng sao m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i
m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n b\u0103ng qua m\u1ed9t v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m l\u1ea1i b\u1eadt ra v\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng
nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 hung h\u00e3n.
V\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y x\u00edch l\u1ea1nh
v\u00e0 t\u1eebng ch\u00f9m \u00e2m thanh th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng r\u1edbt xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh
m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n m\u01b0a<\/p>\n
K\u00e9o l\u00ea s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i dai d\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u00e1i s\u1ee3
Thi s\u0129, anh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi can \u0111\u1ea3m
Ch\u1ecdn h\u1ed1 th\u1eb3m hi\u1ec3m \u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/p>\n
h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng & n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n, k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c
saigon l\u00e0 con \u0111\u0129 r\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u0129 [r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n, &] nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/p>\n
m\u1ed9t t\u00ean gi\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ch\u01a1i & n\u00e1t b\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9, c\u00f9ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u
h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ai 80%
t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00fay h\u1eb1ng th\u00fay h\u1ea1nh rilke hay rimbaud
ch\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \/ \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 & \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ebfm
kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng [ ti\u1ec1n \/ hi\u1ec7n \/ t\u00ednh ] v.v. & .v.v.
(\u00f4i, c\u00e1i ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n & t\u1ef1 s\u01b0\u1edbng)
th\u00fa th\u1ef1c t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 b\u1ecb c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0 hoang
v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n nghi
th\u00e2n l\u1ed7 ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft c\u1eafn l\u1ed7 c\u1eafm
m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, t\u00f4i nhai h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u xanh c\u1ecdng c\u1ecf & m\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft
nu\u1ed1t s\u1ea1ch 30 k\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u00e8m.<\/p>\n![\"truong](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/truong-chay-thit-cho_thumb.jpg\" "\\"truong")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"BC-tholydoi\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/BC-tholydoi_thumb.jpg\" "\\"BC-tholydoi\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"biaThangTuGaySung\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/biaThangTuGaySung_thumb.jpg\" "\\"biaThangTuGaySung\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"khoancatbetong\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/khoancatbetong_thumb.jpg\" "\\"khoancatbetong\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"xaochontrongngay\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/xaochontrongngay_thumb.jpg\" "\\"xaochontrongngay\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"hambalan\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/hambalan_thumb.gif\" "\\"hambalan\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"xinloichiuhongnoi\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/xinloichiuhongnoi_thumb.jpg\" "\\"xinloichiuhongnoi\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"etaoday\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/etaoday_thumb.jpg\" "\\"etaoday\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"dongracvotan\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/dongracvotan_thumb.jpg\" "\\"dongracvotan\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n
\n