{"id":26280,"date":"2012-10-19T00:06:00","date_gmt":"2012-10-19T00:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=26280"},"modified":"2022-02-23T22:47:54","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T22:47:54","slug":"nhung-va-cham-tho-ca-boi-canh-ca-nhan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/26280\/nhung-va-cham-tho-ca-boi-canh-ca-nhan","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng va ch\u1ea1m: th\u01a1 ca, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, cá nhân"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1\/<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 Talawas, Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7, Evan, Gi\u00f3-O, H\u1ee3p L\u01b0u, T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed Th\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea5y, v\u00e0i t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc k\u00e9 t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u00f4i may m\u1eafn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cl\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a quen thu\u1ed9c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, khi t\u00f4i m\u1edbi r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m g\u1eedi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u01a1 tr\u1ebb tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111ang s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean \u1ed5n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111ang h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1eafp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. \u201cC\u01a1n b\u00e3o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u1ebb, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u01a1 m\u1edbi. M\u1edf Mi\u1ec7ng. Ng\u1ef1a Tr\u1eddi. Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n photo. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng. H\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8x. T\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed9 ba c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00fay H\u1eb1ng Th\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay, kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/em><\/strong>, <\/em>m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n, k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Goethe H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u0103m 2006 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Sau khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a thi ca v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 b\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00eda g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng\/phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m photo, c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n b\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ea3ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i nh\u1ecf, l\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tranh \u0111\u1ea5u, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ti\u00ean phong… qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau \u0111i\u1ec3m cao tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7y h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tranh lu\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4i ba n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefng l\u1ea1i, im v\u1eafng h\u1eb3n \u0111i, t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c b\u1ed1i, thi\u1ebfu chia s\u1ebb, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u201cm\u1ea5t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u201d [1]<\/a>. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ee1 c\u1ee1 \u1ea5y: nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7y k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi m\u1ebb th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ebb loi \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh t\u00e0n; d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u01a1 ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u1ed9t kh\u1ecfi tay m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb l\u01a1 l\u1eedng \u1edf gi\u1eefa hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f3: k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i v\u1ec1 gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec7ng v\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u h\u00fat m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/em> m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb tham d\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng: nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng \u0111ang v\u1ed7 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u0111an d\u1ec7t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u00e1o b\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m…, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1eabn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u00edt \u1ecfi, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, hay c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ng\u1ea7m trong th\u01a1 ca H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Do \u0111\u00f3, thay v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc th\u01a1 ca, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 ch\u00fat kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ng\u1ea7m trong th\u01a1 ca, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn b\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111an d\u1ec7t v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u01a1 ca th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca \u2212 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra theo m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tinh vi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi th\u01a1 ca nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a electron v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 ca \u201cng\u1ea7m\u201d d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cb\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u201cb\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tra v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca (v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1) trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u01a1 d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u01a1 d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1ebf xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng\/ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u00ean kia. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n, ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5p. Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb hay ho\u00e0i nghi, t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c m\u00ecnh, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ng\u1ea7m<\/em> d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi g\u1eafn v\u1edbi v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc phi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eadu th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n\/h\u1eadu thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01a1 ca ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. D\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m, c\u00e1i m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea3y b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1i gi\u1ea5u \u0111i, ch\u00ecm \u0111i, c\u00e1i k\u00edn, c\u00e1i \u1ea9n, c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ph\u01a1i ra, c\u00e1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, c\u00e1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1i b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i, c\u00e1i n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eafn, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n mang ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i d\u00e8 ch\u1eebng, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb th\u01a1 d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, th\u01a1 d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1edbi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi th\u01a1 d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean; s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/em> v\u1eeba c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m th\u01a1 ca. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00e0 H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90 [th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX] \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 tha h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi\u201d \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba h\u00e0m \u00fd ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1edfi t\u1eeb DoiMoi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong sinh ho\u1ea1t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Post-DoiMoi[2]<\/a>. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng g\u1ee3i ra t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0: \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 di\u1ec5n ra trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m th\u01a1 ca theo th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m th\u01a1 ca, trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n nay? Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129? Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u01a1 ca ng\u1ea7m theo nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt exotic <\/em>\u2212 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ng\u1ea7m, th\u01a1 ng\u1ea7m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh, th\u01a1 d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi k\u00ec m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

2\/ Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m m\u0129 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tha h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi\u201d, s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n c\u0169 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. C\u01a1n h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng VI 1986, cao tr\u00e0o trong v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 di\u1ec5n ra kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1988-1989 nhanh ch\u00f3ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u1ed7i h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng VII n\u0103m 1991, \u0110\u1ed7 M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u201ct\u00e1i ch\u1ebf\u201d \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi: \u201cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta theo h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d[3]<\/a>. Trong khi t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay) trong c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1edf c\u1eeda, th\u00ec h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 cho s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ngay t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1989, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ti\u00ean phong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4i nhi\u1ec7m k\u00ec \u1edf b\u00e1o V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 hay vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00eam gi\u1eefa ban ng\u00e0y<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Th\u01b0 Hi\u00ean, Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 n\u0103m hai ngh\u00ecn<\/em> <\/strong>c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i Ng\u1ecdc T\u1ea5n… b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Berlin m\u00f9a thu 1989, s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u1ea7u 1990, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd sau ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa, Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1995, gia nh\u1eadp WTO, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a internet\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong n\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, trong s\u1ef1 hoang mang v\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, trong s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vua\u201d (t\u00ean m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 L\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean \u00c2n, Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean, \u0110o\u00e0n C\u1ea7m Thi, \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb n\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi ai \u0111i\u1ebfu cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi (1986-1991) \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 h\u1eb3n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd c\u00f2n nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat Talawas, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n sinh ra trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m k\u00ec v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u00ec m\u1edbi n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1eddi H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng k\u00ec l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng toa t\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i. Ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u0103n b\u00e1nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec u\u1ec3 o\u1ea3i, \u0111i cho h\u1ebft qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh, \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lao v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m, \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00ean d\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i gi\u1eadt l\u00f9i. Uy t\u00edn c\u0169 c\u1ee7a l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n r\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9t b\u1ecf \u0111i, song kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ni\u00eam phong, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t uy t\u00edn m\u1edbi v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7. Gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o do \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p k\u1ebf ng\u00f4i. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, song s\u1ef1 li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi uy t\u00edn tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3.\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tan v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1ed1n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cbao c\u1ea5p\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i \u201ckho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng k\u00ec l\u1ea1\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi m\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ra h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra: ngay trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng giao tranh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf bao c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i lung lay. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c (m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa) khi \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ch\u00e2u, Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc v\u1eabn gi\u1eef ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t khi t\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u1ee9 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi[5]<\/a>; t\u1edd V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1987-1988, khi Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00ed, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb vai tr\u00f2 c\u01a1 quan ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u00ec H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng hay \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo h\u01a1n; t\u1edd V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd h\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n khi nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i dung h\u00f2a nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c lu\u00f4n \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o t\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a internet \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi, c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c website, blog c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1c tham v\u1ecdng nh\u00f3m hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, cho ph\u00e9p \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00fa va ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Khi chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do b\u1ecb ho\u00e0i nghi, khi nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc m\u1edbi \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf th\u1eddi H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n t\u01b0<\/em> sang ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng<\/em>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi k\u00ec H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng\u201d so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u201cph\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c khi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ec9 m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t m\u1edbi. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, b\u1edfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Marx Lenin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c l\u00ean v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00e8n \u00e9p. N\u1ed7i \u01b0u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m: s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y tr\u00f3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. M\u1ed1i xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f4m nay. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u01a1 d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn \u1edf l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 b\u00ean l\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u00f4i cho s\u1ebd l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 giao tranh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f4m nay. L\u1edbp t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169 (g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh bao c\u1ea5p v\u0103n h\u00f3a) b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a trong l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111\u1ee9a con ngoan c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9\u201d, ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u201cl\u00e0m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n (phi) ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 im l\u1eb7ng. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng khi \u0111\u00f2i th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 tr\u00e1 l\u1eadp l\u1edd trong c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u201cl\u00e0m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d, v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u2212 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham gia n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng nhu c\u1ea7u canh t\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u201cthanh to\u00e1n\u201d qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi. Ni\u1ec1m ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, khi c\u00e1i c\u0169 \u2013 c\u00e1i m\u1edbi c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y r\u00e0ng r\u00edu, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u00e1c tranh lu\u1eadn. Trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u1eeba r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1eeba ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5p l\u00ean nhau: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u0103n xu\u00f4i ph\u1ea3n t\u01b0, \u201cn\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d trong s\u1ef1 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o Ninh, Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Thu H\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ebb \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990 nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong th\u01a1, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n: s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u1eef th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00e0m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d song h\u00e0nh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Thi\u1ec1u, Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh… th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990 d\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 b\u00ean l\u1ec1 h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i th\u01a1 tr\u1ebb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u01a1 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ec9. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, th\u01a1 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb l\u00e9p v\u1ebf so v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e1p ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u v\u0103n xu\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 chia bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1edbt c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c d\u00f9 theo nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u00f3a \u0111i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u00e1p ch\u1ebf n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3 c\u00e2n s\u1ee9c, s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n \u1edf \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9: n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tha h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u0129 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

3\/ V\u1eady th\u00ec, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh\/d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1n c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m th\u01a1 ca trong th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i? Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u01a1 d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u00f9ng nh\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ec v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Khi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n, thi\u1ebfu minh b\u1ea1ch th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng m\u1eadp m\u1edd. Theo \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i di s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. \u1ede kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i u \u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, n\u1ed5i l\u00ean hai kh\u1ed1i u l\u1edbn t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7: phong tr\u00e0o Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n Giai Ph\u1ea9m \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bung m\u1edf tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng trong th\u01a1 th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn trong l\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a L\u01b0u Quang V\u0169, Tr\u1ea7n V\u00e0ng Sao c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean. S\u1ef1 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 ca c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a: vi\u1ec7c in \u1ea5n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n Giai Ph\u1ea9m, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 L\u00ea \u0110\u1ea1t, Tr\u1ea7n D\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0m h\u1ecd s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 h\u00f4m nay. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 Thanh T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, T\u00f4 Th\u00f9y Y\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1eafc S\u01a1n… v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01a1i ra tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111i sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft th\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1edf trong ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng gian trong c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh theo t\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0o danh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed). Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1edbm ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 cho nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do, nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XXI, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\/b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1, phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n, c\u00f2n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u0169 k\u0129, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, \u00ec tr\u1ec7, n\u1eeda v\u1eddi, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef v\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n, n\u01a1i \u00edt c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng khai ph\u00e1. Th\u1ef1c ra, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng gian S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn \u1edf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng hay Hu\u1ebf c\u0169ng tham d\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i b\u00ean l\u1ec1, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 di ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 chia c\u1eaft, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n n\u0103m 1954, cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n sang Cali hay \u00dac v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft hai mi\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec d\u00e0i (1954-1975).<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m th\u01a1 ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Th\u01a1 tr\u1ebb S\u00e0i G\u00f2n<\/em>, nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, mang thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u0103n h\u00f3a, khi ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch, b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch \u0111i kh\u00e1c \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01a1 ca c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f2e m\u1edd \u0111i b\u1edfi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet v\u1edbi c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ng\u1ea7m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111ang quy t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 ng\u1ea7m v\u1edbi \u201cth\u01a1 ca ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m th\u01a1 ca ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecdc: nh\u1eefng thi s\u0129 mang nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, k\u1ebb l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f2i t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng gian th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m th\u01a1 ca c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

4\/ Nh\u1eefng va ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7t cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca: th\u01a1 ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hay n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u1edfi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh? Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thi s\u0129 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ec l\u1ea1, anh\/ch\u1ecb ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y, b\u1ecb g\u1ea1ch x\u00f3a ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 anh\/ch\u1ecb ta, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft, t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o, m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu trong t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft th\u00e2n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 sinh s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea3y s\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, n\u1eb1m trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 ti\u1ec1n phong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u01a1i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 k\u00ec v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng th\u01a1 ca nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u00ec thi\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch ng\u1ea7m th\u01a1 ca ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp trang \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t th\u01a1 ca, do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u201d nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 xa r\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng phi\/b\u00e1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u2013 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1eadu to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a V\u00e1clav Havel[6]<\/a> m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i…) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung, th\u01a1 ca n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea7n minh \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi\u201d hay s\u1ef1 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh t\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec sau \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1eeb 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Trong s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh dung l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00ean l\u1ec1, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ng\u1ea7m trong th\u01a1 ca s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean minh b\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n. Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp m\u00e0 t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00edch g\u1ea7n nhau nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n hay H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng hay phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean phong \u201ct\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gay g\u1eaft v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng \u00e1p ch\u1ebf trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. \u1ede th\u1eddi k\u00ec H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t g\u1eafn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi l\u00ean\u2026 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111a chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung nh\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i\u2026 l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u0111i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba \u2013 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecfng manh \u0111i xung \u0111\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u2013 phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 kh\u00e1c, b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm ngh\u1ec9m trong hoang mang, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t th\u01a1 ca ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh dung kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh dung kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh dung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u01a1 ca, nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i\/c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u01a1 ng\u1ea7m, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi th\u01a1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Nh\u00e3 Thuy\u00ean – M\u1ea5t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/em> \u2013 Ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7 2010. Online t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/www.tienve.org\/home\/literature\/viewLiterature.do;jsessionid=99AFEFBC5721865706E951F480406640?action=viewArtwork&artworkId=9589<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3mPost-Doi Moi<\/em>: Vietnamese Art After 1990<\/em> (H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi: m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau 1990), cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m 62 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Singapore t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9-2008.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u0110\u1ed7 M\u01b0\u1eddi \u2212 B\u00e1o Ch\u00ed V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 Trong S\u1ef1 Nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi<\/em> \u2212 Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t B\u1ea3n S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1989.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0i \u2212 Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u1eddi H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi<\/em> <\/em>\u2212 Talawas 10.2.2004. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i http:\/\/www.talawas.org\/talaDB\/showFile.php?rb=0401&res=411.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1987 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 "c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i" cho v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft xoay quanh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi, Hai ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1edb m\u00e3i<\/a><\/em> (V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7, 17-10-1987) \u2212 T\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 100 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong hai ng\u00e0y 6 v\u00e0 7 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1987, \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 <\/a><\/em>(V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7, 17-10-1987), H\u1ed3 Ng\u1ecdc: C\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/a><\/em> (V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7, 21-11-1987), Nguy\u1ec5n Quang S\u00e1ng \u2212 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/em>, Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc \u2212 C\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/a> <\/em>(V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 31-10-1987), Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2212 \u0110\u1ec3 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa<\/a> <\/em>(V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 5-12-1887) \u2013 D\u1eabn theo t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a L\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean \u00c2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb B\u00ecnh (s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n): \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edb<\/em><\/strong>i<\/a> \u2212 ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n do nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb B\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> V\u00e1clav Havel \u2013 Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/em> \u2013 Kh\u1ea3i Minh d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, L\u00e2m Y\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh, Talawas 2006. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/www.talawas.org\/talaDB\/showFile.php?res=6321&rb=08<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Do \u0111\u00f3, thay v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc th\u01a1 ca, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 ch\u00fat kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ng\u1ea7m trong th\u01a1 ca, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn b\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1004,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,172,5,138],"tags":[419],"class_list":["post-26280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ban-tron","category-ban-tron-van-hoc-nghe-thuat","category-bien-khao","category-tieu-luan","tag-nha-thuyen"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1004"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26280"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72054,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26280\/revisions\/72054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}