{"id":23587,"date":"2012-02-29T01:03:00","date_gmt":"2012-02-29T01:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=23587"},"modified":"2022-02-23T23:57:38","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T23:57:38","slug":"ngay-nuoc-the-gioi-2012-va-an-ninh-luong-thuc-luu-vuc-song-mekong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/23587\/ngay-nuoc-the-gioi-2012-va-an-ninh-luong-thuc-luu-vuc-song-mekong","title":{"rendered":"NG\u00c0Y N\u01af\u1edaC TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI 2012 V\u00c0 AN NINH L\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ef0C L\u01afU V\u1ef0C S\u00d4NG MEKONG"},"content":{"rendered":"

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G\u1eedi Nh\u00f3m B\u1ea1n C\u1eedu Long & VN 2020 Mekong Group<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u201cKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i di r\u1eddi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0, do \u0111\u00f3 an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u t\u00e2m khi khai th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u00f4ng Mekong<\/em>.\u201d Eric Baran<\/strong>, WorldFish Centre<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00fap c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u sinh m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3i, t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef…N\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3<\/em>.\u201d Hillary Rodham Clinton<\/strong>, World Water Day 2010<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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NG\u00c0Y N\u01af\u1edaC TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI V\u00c0 NH\u1eeeNG CH\u1ee6 \u0110\u1ec0<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 19 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 1993, Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 3 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \/ World Water Day, do s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb M\u00f4i Sinh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n\/ United Nations Conference on Environment and Development\/ UNCED t\u1ea1i Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [1992].<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i khi t\u00ecm ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00ec tinh t\u00fa xa x\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c quan cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, th\u00ec thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \/ freshwater v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i n\u0103m Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn ra m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1\u201d cho Ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c xoay quanh m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m qua c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian: 1994 N\u01b0\u1edbc Ngu\u1ed3n T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7; 1995 N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ; 1996 N\u01b0\u1edbc cho C\u00e1c \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1t; 1997 N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng? 1998 N\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u1ea7m: T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y; 1999 M\u1ecdi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng D\u01b0\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n; 2000 N\u01b0\u1edbc cho Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21; 2001 N\u01b0\u1edbc cho S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; 2002 N\u01b0\u1edbc cho Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; 2003 N\u01b0\u1edbc cho T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; 2004 N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda; 2005 N\u01b0\u1edbc cho Cu\u1ed9c S\u1ed1ng; 2006 N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 V\u0103n H\u00f3a; 2007 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u00ean Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; 2008 N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 V\u1ec7 sinh; 2009 N\u01b0\u1edbc Xuy\u00ean c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia; 2010 N\u01b0\u1edbc S\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; 2011 N\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb\u2026<\/p>\n

NG\u00c0Y N\u01af\u1edaC TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI N\u0102M NAY 2012 <\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi 2012 n\u0103m nay v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 An ninh L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \/ Water & Food Security\u201d, do T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u00f4ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p [ Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN ]. V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 7 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i \u0103n tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y; d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 th\u00eam 2 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta u\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb 2 t\u1edbi 4 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cu\u1ed1ng\u201d \u1ea5y n\u1eb1m s\u1eb5n trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0103n: \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 1 kg th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi 15,000 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi 1 kg ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n 1,500 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc, 1 kg rau tr\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 1,000 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 15 l\u1ea7n \u00edt h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u201cm\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i kinh ni\u00ean \/ chronic hunger\u201d v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec co c\u1ee5m l\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1ed5 b\u00f9ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

(1) Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc; (2) Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c: 30% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0103n t\u1edbi, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; (3) Gia t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00edt h\u01a1n; (4) Theo m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c rau tr\u00e1i thay v\u00ec \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecbt.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y, t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1edbi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 An ninh L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c\u201d \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m trong cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi 2012 n\u0103m nay.<\/p>\n

\"H.1_-WWD2012_LOGO_EN\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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Logo World Water Day 2012 mang r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cNh\u00e1nh L\u00faa v\u00e0 C\u00e1\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hai bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con S\u00f4ng Mekong, l\u00e0 <\/i>m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u201cv\u0103n minh l\u00faa g\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1\u201d \u0111ang l\u00e2m nguy<\/i><\/p>\n

Jos\u00e9 Graziano da Silva, t\u00e2n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u00f4ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c [v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 ba n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i 2012-2015] trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Rome ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 01\/ 2012 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng: ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u00f3a n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u201cCh\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u00f4ng, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u01a1 quan, ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u201ctrong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \/ transparent and democratic way\u201d<\/i> c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c.\u201d [1]<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngay l\u00e0 \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d<\/i> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y hai n\u0103m, nh\u00e2n Ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi 2010 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc S\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d<\/i>, Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Hillary Roddham Clinton \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta.\u201d<\/i> B\u00e0 Clinton nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp, \u201cKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00fap c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u sinh m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3i, t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00fang ta, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 an sinh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nan \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/i> [2]<\/p>\n

H\u1ec6 SINH TH\u00c1I S\u00d4NG MEKONG<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Mekong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 4,900 km, l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i th\u1ee9 11 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 ch\u1ea3y qua 6 qu\u1ed1c gia, g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p hai chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i s\u00f4ng Colorado. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c con s\u00f4ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng 70 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 2 t\u1ec9 MK m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y Mekong t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng con s\u00f4ng Mississippi v\u1edbi t\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eabm ph\u00f9 sa, r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u1edbi hai m\u00f9a M\u01b0a N\u1eafng. Trong m\u00f9a M\u01b0a ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 16% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a Kh\u00f4, th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng t\u1edbi 40%. Do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean theo t\u1eebng kh\u00fac \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng. [2]<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Tonle Sap l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y: Tonle Sap l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y hai chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 th\u00ec co d\u00e3n theo m\u00f9a. L\u00e0 h\u1ed3 c\u1ea1n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 2,500 km2 trong m\u00f9a Kh\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi m\u00f9a M\u01b0a, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 th\u00e1ng 7, do n\u01b0\u1edbc con s\u00f4ng Mekong d\u00e2ng cao t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c \u00e9p khi\u1ebfn con s\u00f4ng Tonle Sap ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u; n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng Mekong th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 d\u00e2ng cao t\u1eeb 8 t\u1edbi 10 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n b\u1edd, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, kho\u1ea3ng 12,000 km2. Joseph Yun, <\/a>ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u01a1n 20 ng\u00e0n km2 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang New Jersey v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 3 m\u00e9t n\u01b0\u1edbc cao. [2]<\/p>\n

\"H.2_-BE-KHMER-VA-CA000\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Em B\u00e9 Khmer v\u00e0 C\u00e1: 80% ngu\u1ed3n protein c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cam B\u1ed1t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1
(<\/i>Photo by Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh, Tonle Sap 2001)<\/i><\/p>\n

Do ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn theo m\u00f9a, Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng con s\u00f4ng Mekong, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u0169 l\u1ee5t trong m\u00f9a M\u01b0a, duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong m\u00f9a Kh\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5n s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p sinh t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng H\u1ea1 L\u01b0u: kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ef1a c\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Cam B\u1ed1t, m\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho v\u1ef1a l\u00faa c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 basa xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long [\u0110BSCL]. \u0110BSCL kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i l\u00faa g\u1ea1o cho to\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng g\u1ea1o l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau Th\u00e1i Lan. Theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \/ United Nations Development Program<\/i> th\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa g\u1ea1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2010, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 do thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 do c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i S\u00f4ng Mekong l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng \u2013 lifeline\u201d<\/i> c\u1ee7a bao nhi\u00eau tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c. N\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 85% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng: n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 sa; ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng, c\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n protein \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng do b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i n\u00e0o trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, do \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u0169 \/ floodplains v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p [\u0110BSCL]. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch l\u0169y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp do thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

\"H.3_-NHNH-LA-LAI-TO-\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e1nh L\u00faa Lai T\u1ea1o \/ Hybrid Rice t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u L\u00faa G\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf IRRI, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 1-1.5 t\u1ea5n cao h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed7i hecta, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/i><\/p>\n

Trong khi kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d<\/i> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00f4ng Mekong kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc hay c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u2013 wilful ignorance<\/i>, v\u1eabn theo ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Milton Osborne; \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 con s\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Indus c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng d\u00e0i 3,200 km ch\u1ea3y qua hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Pakistan, v\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng h\u00f9ng v\u0129 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, nay ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec do x\u00e2y qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eadp \/ heavily dammed<\/i> n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra t\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \/ Arabian Sea. [4]<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con s\u00f4ng Mekong, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u00edt quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi l\u00e0 khi x\u00e2y c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i t\u1edbi \u201can ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c\u201d c\u1ee7a bao nhi\u00eau tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf do c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp g\u00e2y ra r\u1ea5t cao, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn to l\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft do th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i; m\u1ed7i con \u0111\u1eadp cho d\u00f9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 sinh c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1eadp x\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 nh\u01b0 con \u0111\u1eadp Don Sahong Nam L\u00e0o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n protein ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c. Ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1eadp thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 con \u0111\u1eadp Sambor ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Cam B\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 sa, t\u0103ng n\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa g\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Cam B\u1ed1t m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0110BSCL c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m V\u00e2n Nam \/ Lancang-Mekong Cascade n\u01a1i L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c Tr\u00ean \/ Upper Mekong Basin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong. Theo Fred Pearce, th\u00ec v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi, chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eeda l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1eafc Kinh, con s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cTh\u00e1p N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 M\u00e1y \u0110i\u1ec7n\u201d c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. [6]<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u1edbi \/ Lower Mekong Basin s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0110BSCL c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Cam B\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Stung Streng 980 MW v\u00e0 Sambor 2,600 MW g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 sa n\u01a1i \u0110BSCL. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hai con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ch\u00f9a Th\u00e1p, Nam Vang nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7m s\u00fang t\u1ef1 b\u1eafn v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \/ shoot oneself in the foot<\/i>, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 self-inflicted injury \u2013 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \/ collateral damages.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ra sao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o, v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n phong ph\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u00f4i sinh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n L\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

S\u00d4NG MEKONG \u0110ANG CH\u1ecaU QU\u00c1 T\u1ea2I <\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

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H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u00f4ng Mekong hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch l\u0169y do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb canh n\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc con s\u00f4ng Mekong l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho \u201cs\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c\u201d c\u1ee7a 70 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c. N\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng n\u01a1i \u0110BSCL, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng M\u00f9a Kh\u00f4 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea5n s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng; l\u1ea1i th\u00eam t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e8n\/ sulphate-rich soils<\/i> l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 acid trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e2y b\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng rong t\u1ea3o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \/ eutrophycation, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxygen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eed vong l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m d\u01b0\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng suy tho\u00e1i. X\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i, c\u1ea3 ph\u00f3ng u\u1ebf xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y n\u01a1i \u0110BSCL. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi n\u1ea1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i hay theo d\u00f5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea6N S\u1ef0 CH\u1eccN L\u1ef0A KH\u00d4N NGOAN <\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p B\u1ed9 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng 4 qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ea1 L\u01b0u Mekong th\u00e1ng 12, 2011 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n Xayaburi\u201d, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c; \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1eadp, v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u00f4i sinh n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kinh t\u00e0i Th\u00e1i Lan ho\u00e3n x\u00e2y con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ecbnh Mekong theo \u0111i\u1ec1u 7 trong "Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c S\u00f4ng Mekong 1995" \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. [6]<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u00f4ng Mekong ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai sau con s\u00f4ng Amazon, Nam M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn l\u00e0 hai b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u00f3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Eric Baran m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a Trung T\u00e2m Ng\u01b0 H\u1ecdc Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \/ WorldFish Centre \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u00f4ng Mekong, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cAn ninh L\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t \u2013 the most critical issue<\/i>.\u201d \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 781 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi, trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u00eam 28 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n Mekong l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2.1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00e1 [3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m theo MRC 09-2008], chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 1\/6 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. [3]<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Baran ti\u1ebfp: \u201cK\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 duy nh\u1ea5t \u2013 unique, v\u00e0 \u201can ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c\u201d trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 Mekong khi x\u00e2y c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Khai th\u00e1c th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a MRC, th\u00ec t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2030 v\u1edbi 88 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 81% c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 b\u1ecb ch\u0103n l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp m\u00e0 v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ed c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u \/ tributary dams; ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh \/ mainstream dams th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf xa l\u00ean ph\u00eda th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

Theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Baran \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: (1) C\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n 30 m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn m\u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1. [nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang con \u0111\u1eadp Xayaburi cao 32 m\u00e9t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n h\u01a1n 70 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i di ng\u01b0]. (2) N\u00ean x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \/ man-made canals<\/i> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, thay v\u00ec tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. (3) Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111a d\u1ee5ng \u2013 multi-purpose stuctures<\/i> thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. [3]<\/p>\n

T\u0102NG TR\u01af\u1edeNG XANH L\u01afU V\u1ef0C S\u00d4NG MEKONG <\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb 6 qu\u1ed1c gia trong L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c L\u1edbn S\u00f4ng Mekong \/ Greater Mekong Subregion [GMS], c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u V\u00f9ng S\u00f4ng Mekong bao g\u1ed3m Cam B\u1ed1t, L\u00e0o, Th\u00e1i Lan, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u [ADB] \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Bangkok trong hai ng\u00e0y 20, 21 th\u00e1ng 2, 2012 v\u1eeba qua. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Bangkok \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho Ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi 2012<\/i> v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c L\u1edbn S\u00f4ng Mekong l\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. T\u1edbi n\u0103m 2030, nhu c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c L\u1edbn S\u00f4ng Mekong gia t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 20-50% , nhu c\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc cho canh n\u00f4ng, cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho gia d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \/ exponentially increasing; trong khi ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \/ surface and ground water th\u00ec ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \/ Balancing Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability\u201d <\/i>l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4n ngoan trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, gia t\u0103ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u1edbi \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, thu ho\u1ea1ch th\u00eam l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \/ rain harvesting v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \/ recycling ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. [7]<\/p>\n

Stephen P. Groff , Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \/ roadmap t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2020 nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \/ pro-poor, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \/ pro-environment. Th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \/ restore and recapitalize c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u01afng, t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 cho RFA bi\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0: \u201cS\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u 7 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau Th\u00e1i Lan\u201d<\/i>. [8] Theo nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft th\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u00edch ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u v\u00e0 ph\u00eda Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xanh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u201d<\/i> c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c L\u1edbn S\u00f4ng Mekong trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0110BSCL.<\/p>\n

ADB \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua 50 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c L\u1edbn S\u00f4ng Mekong tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 4.8 t\u1ec9 MK. [7] C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o GMS \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng xanh\/ green growth agenda\u201d<\/i> cho to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

C\u00c1I GI\u00c1 QU\u00c1 \u0110\u1eaeT CHO PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N<\/font> <\/b><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi 2012 n\u0103m nay v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 An ninh L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c\u201d <\/i>kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c g\u1eedi ra cho to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 \u2013 n\u01a1i \u0111ang c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i khai th\u00e1c con S\u00f4ng Mekong th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n an ninh to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng theo nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \/ non-sustainable development. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa, m\u1ea5t \u201can ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c\u201d<\/i> \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, th\u00eam n\u1ea1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u201d<\/i>.<\/p>\n

NG\u00d4 TH\u1ebe VINH, M.D.
California, 02\/ 25\/ 2012
_____________________________<\/p>\n

Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/u><\/strong>:<\/p>\n

1\/ New FAO Chief moves on Global eradication of hunger, Support to poorest countries to be scaled up. Fao Media Centre; Rome 3 Jan, 2012 http:\/\/www.fao.org\/news\/story\/en\/item\/119343\/icode\/<\/a><\/p>\n

2\/ Testimony of Joseph Yun, Deputy Asst. Secretary Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs US Department of State, Before the Senate Committee, Sept 23, 2010 http:\/\/www.foreign.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Yun.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

3\/ Food security key issue in Mekong dam debate<\/a>: Bangkok Post, <\/i>Nov 12, 2011<\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.bangkokpost.com\/opinion\/opinion\/270238\/food-security-key-issue-in-mekong-dam-debate<\/a><\/p>\n

4\/ Empires of The Indus: The Story of A River; Alice Albina, W.W Norton & Company, Inc. First American Edition 2010<\/p>\n

5\/ The Damming of The Mekong: Major Blow to An Epic River, Fred Pearce, Yale Environment 360 Jun 17, 2009<\/p>\n

6\/ H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Siem Reap <\/a>M\u1ed9t Th\u1ecfa Hi\u1ec7p Mong Manh <\/a>Cho D\u00f2ng Ch\u00ednh Mekong Kh\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ebdn M\u1ea1ch; <\/a>Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh<\/a>, 12\/25\/2011 http:\/\/www.vietecology.org\/Article.aspx\/Article\/77#<\/a><\/p>\n

7\/ Green Development Key to Growth in Mekong Region; Bangkok, Thailand, <\/b>20 February 2012, http:\/\/beta.adb.org\/news\/green-development-key-growth-mekong-region<\/a><\/p>\n

8\/ K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong Ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng Mekong; RFA 02-22-2012; http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/vietnamese\/in_depth\/key-to-grow-in-mekong-region-02222012061040.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng theo nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \/ non-sustainable development. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean phong ph\u00fa, \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nguy h\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1233,"featured_media":23582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,152,189,25],"tags":[316,313,314],"class_list":["post-23587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-hoc-thuat","category-kinh-te","category-nhan-dinh","tag-cuu-long","tag-mekong","tag-ngo-the-vinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1233"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23587"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23587\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71521,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23587\/revisions\/71521"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}