C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean k\u00fd k\u1ebft c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh, l\u00e0m nh\u1eb9 hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 do ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c S\u00f4ng Mekong.\u201d <\/i>\u0110i\u1ec1u 7 trong "Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c S\u00f4ng Mekong" 1995 <\/i><\/p>\n
\u201cS\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong, con s\u00f4ng h\u00f9ng v\u0129 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n\u201d. <\/i>Abhisit Vejjajiva, Hua Hin MRC Summit 2010<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
<\/strong><\/p>\n Khai th\u00e1c th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean con s\u00f4ng Lancang \u2013 t\u00ean n\u1eeda chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i s\u00f4ng Mekong thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 ngay v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cn\u1ed5 b\u00f9ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \/ explosion of hydropower\u201d<\/i>. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 [di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ti\u1ec3u bang Utah c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 6.5 tri\u1ec7u, \u00edt h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n] v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 77 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang x\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb x\u1ee9 Tri\u1ec7u Th\u1edbt Voi \u201cLane Xang \u2013 the land of a million elephants\u201d<\/i> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m thu v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng [10-15% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m] c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n So v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khai th\u00e1c th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u00f4ng Mekong nay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n khi m\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \/ World Bank, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00c1 ch\u00e2u \/ ADB.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ra sao c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c turbines quanh n\u0103m nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i con \u0111\u1eadp [ c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ]; khi m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong, ph\u1ea7n do thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \/ wilful ignorance <\/i>\u2013 theo ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Milton Osborne, [5] n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m g\u00ec t\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i mai sau. C\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \/ unsustainable development<\/i> nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n L\u00e0o hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a, t\u1eeb bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0n n\u0103m nay \u2013 Con S\u00f4ng M\u1eb9 \/ Mea Nam Khong [ t\u00ean L\u00e0o Th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong ] lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi phong ph\u00fa ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00faa g\u1ea1o. Nay th\u00ec n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 an b\u00ecnh \u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb gia \/ hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o xem d\u00e2n h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n mau ch\u00f3ng \u201ccanh t\u00e2n\u201d, b\u1eb1ng t\u1eadn khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft Con S\u00f4ng M\u1eb9 \u1ea5y. N\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n L\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n \u201ckh\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe.<\/p>\n T\u1eea CON \u0110\u1eacP XAYABURI T\u1edaI DON SAHONG<\/strong><\/p>\n Xayaburi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i v\u00ec l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng n\u00ean ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong \u1edf Siem Reap [ 12\/08\/2011 ] \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m ho\u00e3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp Xayaburi, nh\u01b0ng L\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ebd ng\u01b0ng x\u00e2y con \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e0y. Surasak Glahan, ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong \/ MRC cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 : \u201cTrong H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Siem Reap, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n L\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp g\u00ec t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp Xayaburi.\u201d V\u00e0 \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c g\u1eedi v\u0103n th\u01b0 t\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u1eadp Xayaburi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i \u00e2m.<\/i><\/p>\n Nay t\u00ean con \u0111\u1eadp Don Sahong c\u0169ng \u0111ang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi; tuy l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecf n\u01a1i c\u1ef1c nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00e0o, s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Cam B\u1ed1t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n 1 km, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngay tr\u00ean th\u00e1c Khone, n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh th\u00e1i phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t \/ global diversity value, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp Ramsar \/ Ramsar Wetlands<\/i> c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u [Ramsar Convention on Wetlands l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Ramsar [02\/ 02\/ 1971] b\u1edd nam bi\u1ec3n Caspian c\u1ee7a Iran, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea5p v\u00f9ng, qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ]. V\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, th\u00e1c Khone c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i di ng\u01b0 t\u1eeb Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 Cam B\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t xa tr\u00ean kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng Mekong th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n L\u00e0o Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 qua th\u00e1c, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i b\u01a1i qua c\u00e1c k\u00eanh n\u01b0\u1edbc \/channels th\u00e1c Khone \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt nh\u1eefng k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i k\u00eanh n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ed9i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi con k\u00eanh Hou Sahong d\u00e0i 7 km t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea3o Don Sahong \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Don Sadam, v\u00ec k\u00eanh n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc quanh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Don Sahong c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \/ extinction hai lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm q\u00fay Pla Beuk \/ Pangasianodon gigas v\u00e0 Irrawaddy Dolphin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 hai ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \/ flagship species <\/i>bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i S\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n C\u00e1 Pla Beuk \/ Pangasianodon gigas [ngu\u1ed3n: Tan S. Bunwath \/ WWF Cambodia] <\/i><\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n C\u00e1 Irrawaddy Dolphin Mekong [ngu\u1ed3n: Kratie Province Government, Cambodia] <\/i><\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n Don Sahong, tuy ch\u1ec9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 30-32 m v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 240-360 MW [nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi 11 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u] nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ee7y sinh th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m quy t\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 \/ migratory fish tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1c Khone. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u l\u1edbn s\u00f4ng Mekong nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng Mun [Th\u00e1i], s\u00f4ng Xedon, s\u00f4ng Xebanghieng [L\u00e0o] c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng gh\u1ec1nh th\u00e1c n\u00e0y. [4]<\/p>\n Gi\u1edbi am hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p con \u0111\u1eadp Don Sahong c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p theo l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 L\u00e0o. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea3ng tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n L\u00e0o, gi\u1ed1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9t phong ki\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ecb trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Siphadone ph\u00eda Nam L\u00e0o. Khamtay Siphadone tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0o [1998 \u2013 2006], nh\u01b0ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sau n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00eda Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng th\u00e1c Khone hay c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3o \/ See Phan Done thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Champasak. R\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90s, gia \u0111\u00ecnh Siphadone \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ty M\u00e3 Lai x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m du l\u1ecbch tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng th\u00e1c Khone: bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n 5 sao v\u1edbi 2,000 bu\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n Golf 18 l\u1ed7 v\u1edbi hai s\u00f2ng b\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n bay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 Boeing 737. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng do cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u 1997. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khu du l\u1ecbch, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a Khamtay Siphadone, nguy\u00ean th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c t\u1ec9nh Champasak, k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty M\u00e3 Lai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mega First Corporation Berhad, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n Don Sahong ngay tr\u00ean th\u00e1c Khone nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho khu du l\u1ecbch m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Siphadone v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n cho Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan.<\/p>\n Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3m nguy c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1eadp Don Sahong tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ef1a c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Cam B\u1ed1t n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2007, \u1ee6y ban Qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong Cam B\u1ed1t \/ Cambodian National Committee<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi th\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i \u00e2m\u201d.<\/i> Th\u00e1ng 11, c\u0169ng n\u0103m 2007 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Siem Reap, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c NGO m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp Don Sahong, v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb Ban Th\u01b0 k\u00fd \u1ee6y h\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong \/ MRC Secretariat, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec MRC c\u0169ng g\u1eedi b\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi \u201cnh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \/ critical\u201d<\/i> v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u1eadp Don Sahong t\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa b\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o \u201ccoi nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u201d<\/i> v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh k\u00fd k\u1ebft b\u1ea3n H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \/ Project Development Agreement v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty M\u00e3 Lai Mega First \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ee5c tri\u1ec3n khai con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n Don Sahong.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1eadp Th\u1ee7y \u0110i\u1ec7n Don Sahong 240-360 MW tr\u00ean Th\u00e1c Khone [ngu\u1ed3n: Milton Osborne, The Mekong River Under Threat] <\/i><\/p>\n Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Cam B\u1ed1t Hun Sen c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi L\u00e0o [03\/2008] \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp Don Sahong do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng di h\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi Cam B\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, theo Milton Osborne v\u1edbi l\u00fd do th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban Qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong Cam B\u1ed1t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00f4ng khai \/ public criticism d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp Don Sahong [5].<\/p>\n [T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng n\u00ean ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Cam B\u1ed1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n Sambor \u2013 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Don Sahong, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong hai \u201ct\u1eed huy\u1ec7t\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 s\u00f4ng Mekong] <\/i><\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp Don Sahong s\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia 20% c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n \/ shares c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Don Sahong tuy nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e1t s\u00fang thi \u00e2n \/ coup de gr\u00e2ce\u201d<\/i> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt phong ph\u00fa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t 80% ngu\u1ed3n protein c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 [3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/ n\u0103m], v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n t\u1eeb bao n\u0103m r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n \u201cCho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa, th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i, v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi trong n\u0103m 2012 n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/i> M\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c trong ph\u00e2n b\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n L\u00e0o, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n danh, l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2y con \u0111\u1eadp Xayaburi. <\/i><\/p>\n Piaporn Deetes, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p vi\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Th\u00e1i Lan c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi S\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \/ IRN \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: <\/i><\/p>\n \u201cC\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m theo d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong, Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 L\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u00f4ng Mekong 1995; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp Ch.Karnchang \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00fai m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n Phillip Hirsch, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u00dac Ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Trung T\u00e2m T\u00e0i Nguy\u00ean Mekong, thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sydney cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cKh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i; nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf. Theo m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 274 t\u1ec9 MK.\u201d <\/i>[8] <\/i><\/i><\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, L\u00e0o c\u00f2n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho \u1ee6y h\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong \/ MRC d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Mekong. T\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t v\u00f4 l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra !<\/p>\n V\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u1ee9ng s\u1eed ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n: Kh\u00f4ng nghe, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh<\/i>: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh trong bang giao qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 trong "Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c S\u00f4ng Mekong" 1995 <\/i>\u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ecdn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n bang. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a MRC \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u1ecf ra v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n T\u1eea NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U \u201cL\u01af\u1edaI B\u1eaeT V\u00c0 NU\u00d4I C\u1ea4Y 2008\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 3 n\u0103m [12\/2008] Ban Th\u01b0 K\u00fd \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong cho \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cL\u01b0\u1edbi B\u1eaft v\u00e0 Nu\u00f4i C\u1ea5y \/ Catch and Culture\u201d \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra 5 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n (1) \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 \/ fish migration tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong ra sao? (2) \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 ra sao? (3) Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00e1 \/ fish-passage facilities ra sao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng? (4) Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00e1 \/ fish-passage facilities ra sao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng? (5) L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 do nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp?<\/p>\n Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng: (a) Ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean con s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u; (b) Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u, nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp n\u01a1i kh\u00fac gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 kh\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u; (c) C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1i \u201cturbines th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1 \/ fish friendly turbines\u201d hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1 cho d\u00f9 v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa [ nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc thang c\u00e1 \/ fish ladders, thang n\u00e2ng c\u00e1 \/ fish lifts, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00e1 \/ fish passages ] th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft do t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thang c\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eadp Pak Mun [Th\u00e1i Lan] v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90 cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nguy\u00ean do c\u00e1 s\u00f4ng Mekong kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 Salmon nh\u01b0 \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n. [2]<\/p>\n T\u1edaI B\u1ea2NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG GI\u00c1 M\u00d4I SINH CHI\u1ebeN L\u01af\u1ee2C 2010 <\/strong><\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfp theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u201cL\u01b0\u1edbi B\u1eaft v\u00e0 Nu\u00f4i C\u1ea5y\u201d,<\/i> Ban Th\u01b0 K\u00fd \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Trung t\u00e2m Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Qu\u1ea3n ly\u0301 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \/ ICEM \/ International Centre for Environmental Management<\/i> [l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan tham v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u00dac] h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho Ban Th\u01b0 k\u00fd \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u201cL\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\/ SEA \/ Strategic Environment Assessment\u201d<\/i> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh S\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 14 th\u00e1ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ban Th\u01b0 ky\u0301 \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong, \u1ee6y ban Mekong Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a 4 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Ban Th\u01b0 ky\u0301 \u1ee6y h\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n B\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f3 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 13,500 MW cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed CO2 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khai th\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0ng SEA \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m t\u00edch l\u0169y \/ cumulative risks c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201c\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c\u201d<\/i> tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c \/ basin. [1]<\/p>\n NH\u1eeeNG \u1ea2NH H\u01af\u1edeNG CHU\u1ed6I \u0110\u1eacP H\u1ea0 L\u01afU \/ SEA<\/strong> :<\/p>\n 1\/ Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con S\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u1eeda chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp. V\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cnh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp \/ flood pulse\u201d theo m\u00f9a, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sinh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng Tonl\u00e9 Sap.<\/p>\n 2\/ \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi Ngu\u1ed3n C\u00e1 v\u00e0 An to\u00e0n Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m:<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 \/ migratory fishes, thu h\u1eb9p di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp \/ wetland areas v\u00e0 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i sinh c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 s\u00f4ng Mekong. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 42% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 500 tri\u1ec7u MK m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. V\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Cam B\u1ed1t do c\u00e1 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n protein ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Cam B\u1ed1t. To\u00e1n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c SEA \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf hay b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thang c\u00e1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eadp Pak Mun tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mun, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eaft kho\u1ea3ng 3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m trong L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u1edbi S\u00f4ng Mekong [ngu\u1ed3n: MRC 09-2008] <\/i><\/p>\n 3\/ \u0110e d\u1ecda t\u00ednh \u0110a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 Th\u1ee7y sinh:<\/p>\n Do nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng con s\u00f4ng, g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ednh phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ee7y sinh s\u00f4ng Mekong b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 100 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 b\u1ecb l\u00e2m nguy \/ endangered species, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \/ flagships species bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Mekong nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 Irrawaddy Dolphin, c\u00e1 Pla Beuk kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \/ Giant Mekong Catfish n\u1eb7ng t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 300 kg \u2013 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \/ extinction. <\/b><\/p>\n 4\/ Thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 Sinh th\u00e1i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n V\u1edbi g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 V\u00f9ng \u0110a d\u1ea1ng Sinh th\u00e1i Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \/ Key Biodiversity Zones; v\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 5% l\u00e0 Khu B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Qu\u1ed1c gia \/ National Protected Areas v\u00e0 c\u00e1c V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t Ng\u1eadp \/ Wetlands site \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 theo Quy \u01b0\u1edbc Ramsar. Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp g\u00e2y l\u0169 l\u1ee5t s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \/ fauna and flora c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y. C\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5 c\u00e1p d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i th\u00eam cho sinh c\u1ea3nh trong v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n 5\/ T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 5 tri\u1ec7u MK\/ n\u0103m do \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp, do m\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa v\u00ec b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhu c\u1ea7u x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t th\u00eam 24 tri\u1ec7u MK\/ n\u0103m; m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n canh t\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u01b0\u1ee3c ven s\u00f4ng \/ riverbanks gardens t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t 21 tri\u1ec7u MK\/ n\u0103m trong khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1eabn th\u1ee7y ch\u1ec9 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 15 tri\u1ec7u MK\/ n\u0103m tr\u00ean 50 tri\u1ec7u MK th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n 6\/ Gi\u1ea3m Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00f9 sa:<\/p>\n N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 sa trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y gi\u1ea3m 50% s\u1ebd g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ph\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t \/ phosphorous v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1m ch\u1ea5t \/ nitrogen t\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3n cho c\u00e1c d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ea5t ven s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 [ Tonle Sap Cam B\u1ed1t, \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long Vi\u1ec7t Nam], \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1 v\u00f9ng c\u1eadn duy\u00ean. Gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa c\u0169ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, g\u00e2y s\u1ea1t l\u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 do thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\/ climate change.<\/p>\n 7\/ \u0110e d\u1ecda cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 D\u00e2n c\u01b0:<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp s\u1ebd g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 40 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong; c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng an ninh v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng. Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 l\u00e0 x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n 8\/ V\u00e0 C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t: T\u1ea1m Ho\u00e3n 10 N\u0103m<\/p>\n SEA c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c. V\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc ch\u01b0a l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, SEA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1m ho\u00e3n trong 10 n\u0103m [ 2010-2020 ] \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 xung nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. [1]<\/p>\n K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a SEA \/ L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1 M\u00f4i Sinh Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, nh\u00f3m h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp. [6] M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh Mekong kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ch v\u00ec nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a to\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m SEA \/ L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1 M\u00f4i Sinh Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ecdi ph\u00eda \/ Win-Win Strategy, cho m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 10 n\u0103m \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00eam nh\u1eb1m gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t mong manh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cung \u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh \/ mainstream dams v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n Theo Jeremy Bird, nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Ban Th\u01b0 ky\u0301 \u1ee6y h\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong, th\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh SEA n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c S\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean MRC trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u1eefa l\u00e0 khi cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u SEA ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t th\u00ec MRC v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t khi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a SEA kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y h\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong. [Sic]<\/p>\n 2012 \u1ee6Y H\u1ed8I MEKONG TR\u01af\u1edaC KH\u00daC R\u1ebc TH\u1eec TH\u00c1CH<\/strong><\/p>\n Mekong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con S\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf \/ International River, v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng chia x\u1ebb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t hay m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ven s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t chu\u1ed7i 14 con \u0111\u1eadp B\u1eadc th\u1ec1m V\u00e2n Nam \/ Mekong Cascade c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cho d\u00f9 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ra sao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Mekong \/ Lower Mekong Basin. Nay t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cn\u1ed5 b\u00f9ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d<\/i> v\u1edbi 12 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, cho th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111ang l\u00e2m nguy.<\/p>\n Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n H\u1ea1 L\u01b0u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i sinh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y. \u201c\u1ee6y H\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0,<\/i>\u201d Surichai Wankaew, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chulalongkorn, Th\u00e1i Lan n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp \u201cNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thay v\u00ec \u2018t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn\/ facilitation\u2019 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp, th\u00ec nay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u2018di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \/ platform\u2019 cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/i>\u201d. C\u0169ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 200 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4i sinh t\u1eeb 30 qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0ng ngay c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n Nay qua c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cL\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1 M\u00f4i Sinh Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c \/ SEA\u201d,<\/i> nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i sinh l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng, n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tin vui l\u00e0 sau Jeremy Bird \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3n nhi\u1ec7m, \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong v\u01b0\u0300a b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m Hans Guttman, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4\u0301c \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u h\u00e0nh m\u01a1\u0301i ta\u0323i Ban Thu\u031b k\u00fd U\u0309y h\u1ecd\u0302i S\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n Hans Guttman, t\u00e2n Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4\u0301c \u0110i\u00ea\u0300u h\u00e0nh, Ban Thu\u031b k\u00fd U\u0309y h\u1ecd\u0302i S\u00f4ng Mekong [ngu\u1ed3n: MRC] <\/i><\/p>\n Guttman, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 na\u0306ng qua\u0309n tr\u1ecb, v\u1edbi 20 n\u0103m s\u1ed1ng trong khu v\u1ef1c, t\u01b0\u0300ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u h\u1ee3p 50 co\u031b quan ph\u00e1t tri\u00ea\u0309n ta\u0323i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1eb9\u0302c v\u01a1\u0301i Li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c V\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e2\u0301t Ng\u1ea1\u0302p \/ Wetlands Alliance, t\u01b0\u0300ng l\u00e0 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i \u0111\u01b0\u0301ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u Chu\u031bo\u031bng tr\u00ecnh M\u00f4i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng trong 6 na\u0306m t\u01b0\u0300 2001 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n 2007. V\u01a1\u0301i ho\u031bn m\u1ecd\u0302t chu\u0323c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c c\u00f4ng b\u00f4\u0301, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0301t \u0111\u00ea\u0301n trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ecd\u0302t chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2\u0300u v\u00ea\u0300 qua\u0309n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngu\u00f4\u0300n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c \u01a1\u0309 Lu\u031bu v\u01b0\u0323c Mekong.<\/p>\n Guttman b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111a\u0309m nh\u1ea1\u0302n nhi\u1eb9\u0302m ky\u0300 3 na\u0306m t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 11 na\u0306m 2011, \u0111\u00ea\u0309 l\u00e3nh \u0111a\u0323o m\u1ecd\u0302t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302i ngu\u0303 g\u00f4\u0300m 150 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t 2 va\u0306n ph\u00f2ng cu\u0309a Ban Thu\u031b k\u00fd \u01a1\u0309 V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Nam Vang gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111ang ng\u1ed5n ngang nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. [10]<\/p>\n M\u1ed8T TINH TH\u1ea6N S\u00d4NG MEKONG<\/strong><\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hy v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb U\u0309y h\u1ecd\u0302i S\u00f4ng Mekong t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ba\u0309o \u0111a\u0309m cho Guttman c\u00f3 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c s\u01b0\u0323 hi\u00ea\u0309u bi\u00ea\u0301t v\u00ea\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 mang t\u00ednh quy\u00ea\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c n\u00e0y, se\u0303 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111a\u0323o m\u1ecd\u0302t c\u00e1ch hi\u1eb9\u0302u qua\u0309 v\u00e0o th\u01a1\u0300i \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m cam go tr\u00ean m\u1ecd\u0302t v\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 \/ geopolitics<\/i> \u0111ang c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n Hai th\u1eed th\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Guttman, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n 16 n\u0103m [1995-2012] l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao:<\/p>\n (1) Thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tinh th\u1ea7n "Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc H\u1ee3p T\u00e1c Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c S\u00f4ng Mekong" 1995 \u201cC\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh, l\u00e0m nh\u1eb9 hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 do ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c S\u00f4ng Mekong.\u201d <\/i>Theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 7 Mekong 1995.<\/p>\n (2) Thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00f9ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a SEA l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m ho\u00e3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh trong 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 xung nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. (3) Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u201cK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 2011-2015 \/ MRC Strategic Plan\u201d, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n Lancang-Mekong tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 \u201cTo\u00e0n L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c \/Whole of basin approach\u201d, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf h\u1eefu g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i con s\u00f4ng Mekong nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. [9]<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eed th\u00e1ch tr\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 to l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng Hans Guttman, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00fd do hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \/ raison d\u2019\u00eatre\u201d<\/i> c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 danh x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Guttman c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Th\u00e1i Lan, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a 3 qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u1edbt. Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tuy ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con S\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00ec l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia cu\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n, n\u1ebfu v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ch\u1eef k\u00fd trong s\u1ed1 ng\u00f3t 20 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng\u201d<\/i>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y quanh n\u0103m c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 \u1ea5y \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u1ea5t l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe.<\/p>\n Con S\u00f4ng Mekong s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd. N\u0103m 2012, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng h\u00e0n g\u1eafn\/ healing process nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ni\u1ec1m tin, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong \u201cTinh Th\u1ea7n S\u00f4ng Mekong \/ Mekong Spirit\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 chung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f9ng nhau h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n California 27\/01\/2012<\/em><\/p>\n Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n 1\/ Strategic Environmental Assessment of Mainstream Dams, MRC, Vientiane, Lao PDR, 17th Aug 2010 – 31st Dec 2010, http:\/\/www.mrcmekong.org\/news-and-events\/consultations\/strategic-environmental-assessment-of-mainstream-dams\/<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n 2\/ Catch and Culture \u2013 Fisheries Research and Development in the Mekong Region; MRC Vol 14, N.3; Dec 2008<\/p>\n http:\/\/ns1.mrcmekong.org\/download\/programmes\/fisheries\/Catch_Culture_vol14.3.pdf<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 3\/ Modeling The Cumulative Barrier And Passage Effects Of Mainstream Hydro Power Dams On Migratory Fish Populations In The LMB<\/a><\/p>\n MRC Technical Paper No. 25<\/a>; Dec 2009<\/p>\n http:\/\/www.mrcmekong.org\/assets\/Publications\/technical\/tech-No25-modelling-cumulative-barrier.pdf<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 4\/ The Don Sahong Dam: Potential Impacts on Regional Fish Migrations, Livelihoods and Human Health; Ian G. Baird, PhD \u2013 POLIS Project on Ecological Governance, University of Victoria, August, 2009<\/p>\n http:\/\/polisproject.org\/PDFs\/Baird%202009_Don%20Sahong.pdf<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 5\/ The Mekong, River Under Threat; Milton Osborne, Lowy Institute for Internationa; Policy 2009 http:\/\/www.lowyinstitute.org\/Publication.asp?pid=1188<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n 6\/ Testimony of Aviva Imhof, Campaign Director, International Rivers Before the Senate Committee on \u201cChallenge to Water and Security in Southeast Asia\u201d, Sept 23, 2010 http:\/\/foreign.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/Imhof.pdf<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 7 \/ Foretelling the Mekong River\u2019s Fate: Key Findings of the MRC\u2019s Strategic Environmental Assessment on Mekong Mainstream Dams; IRN January 21, 2011 <\/i>http:\/\/www.internationalrivers.org\/en\/node\/6129<\/i><\/a><\/u><\/i><\/p>\n 8\/ Mekong Battle Delayed; Tom Fawthrop, The Diplomat, December 31, 2011 http:\/\/the-diplomat.com\/2011\/12\/31\/mekong-battle-delayed\/<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 9\/ MRC Annual Report 2010, MRC 2011 http:\/\/www.mrcmekong.org\/assets\/Publications\/governance\/Annual-Report-2010.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n
N\u1ed4 B\u00d9NG TH\u1ee6Y \u0110I\u1ec6N V\u00d9NG H\u1ea0 L\u01afU <\/strong><\/p>\n![\"H1A_-Pla-Beuk-Catfish\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/H1A_-Pla-Beuk-Catfish.jpg\" "\\"H1A_-Pla-Beuk-Catfish\\"")
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