\u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00fd, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng qu\u00fd h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u2018v\u00e0ng xanh\u2019 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n \u201cM\u1ecdi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn, th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, <\/em><\/p>\n \u201cTheo t\u00f4i, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean th\u00ec v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, <\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n G\u1eedi Nh\u00f3m B\u1ea1n C\u1eedu Long <\/em>& VN2020 Mekong Group <\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n NG\u00d4 TH\u1ebe VINH<\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n L\u1edcI D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i th\u1ee9 ba trong s\u1ed1 3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long \u201cNh\u00ecn Xa N\u1eeda Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 T\u1edbi\u201d<\/i>:<\/p>\n B\u00e0i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan, v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t, do nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khai th\u00e1c th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong, cho d\u00f9 mau hay ch\u1eadm, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ngh\u1ecbch, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u0129 m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i th\u1ee9 hai, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u201cD\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110\u00ea Bi\u1ec3n \u0110a D\u1ee5ng \/ Mekong Multipurpose Sea Dyke \/ MSD\u201d <\/i>nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 , tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea5n s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long [\u0110BSCL] kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n khi bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t do h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\/ global warming<\/i>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng, n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5. (3)<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt t\u1eeb hai v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00e0 Mau nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 cho ng\u00f3t 20 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0110BSCL thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5 ph\u00ed ra Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \/ underground aquifers<\/i> ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ee7i ph\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi ac\u00edt h\u00f3a to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn.<\/p>\n C\u1ea3 ba b\u00e0i Mekong-C\u1eedu Long Nh\u00ecn Xa N\u1eeda Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 T\u1edbi <\/i>\u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u201ckh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\/ conceptual\u201d<\/i> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean; do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edf \/ open-ended informations\u201d <\/i>v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 xung v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 2011 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ebft trong t\u1ea7m d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft 1, khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng 1 m\u00e9t, th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng 90% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0110BSCL s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm trong bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n (2), trong khi theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ee7y v\u0103n v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9c th\u00ec \u201cN\u1ebfu m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng kho\u1ea3ng 1 m\u00e9t, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long \u2013 t\u1ee9c 100% s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n\u201d;<\/i> nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh trong b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a hai Ks Ng\u00f4 Minh Tri\u1ebft v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Phan Long, d\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng cao th\u1ea5p, th\u00ec con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t h\u01a1n: \u201cKhi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao 1 m\u00e9t, th\u00ec 50% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch <\/i>\u0110BSCL<\/i> s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u00eam 25% c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng b\u00e3o ng\u1eadp\/ storm surge zone\u201d\u2026<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n C\u1ee9u nguy h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0110BSCL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft trong ng\u00f3t hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 \u201cgi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3\u201d<\/i> c\u1ee7a kho t\u00e0ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, trong su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n \u0110\u1ecaA L\u00dd D\u00c2N C\u01af \u0110\u1ed2NG B\u1eb0NG S\u00d4NG C\u1eecU LONG<\/p>\n Trong s\u1ed1 17 c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0110BSCL, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a hai con s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n theo c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1ea5n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 [ 128 km, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 2010 ]. Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Quy Ho\u1ea1ch Th\u1ee7y L\u1ee3i Mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.5 t\u1ec9 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y trong m\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec7t<\/i>, v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 25% khi c\u00f3 tri\u1ec1u d\u00e2ng<\/i>. (7)<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh 1: <\/i><\/b>N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1ea5n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0110BSCL, 38 km t\u1edbi 128 km tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb 1996 t\u1edbi 2010 [Ref. 3]<\/i><\/p>\n Sau 1975, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n m\u1eb7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7m c\u1ef1, b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng cao th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm trong bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u00ea bi\u1ec3n \u0111a d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n m\u1eb7n cho to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n C\u0169ng n\u00ean ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean b\u00e1o National Geographic v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u00f4ng Tin T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec7n [1968] . Peter White quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, r\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng phi c\u01a1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u1edbi cao \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n x\u00ecnh l\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i anh ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng thay v\u00ec 9. Anh t\u00ecm t\u1edbi h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tham v\u1ea5n l\u00e2u n\u0103m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u00f4ng Tin, \u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTh\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 8, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 h\u00ean<\/i>; c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 h\u00ean l\u00e0 7 ho\u1eb7c 9, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p ch\u1ec9 non 10 d\u1eb7m\u2026 T\u00f4i mong anh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 9 \u0111\u00f3.\u201d (8)<\/p>\n HAI V\u00d9NG TR\u0168NG \u0110\u1ed2NG TH\u00c1P M\u01af\u1edcI V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ed2NG C\u00c0 MAU<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecdc theo con \u0111\u00ea bi\u1ec3n MSD c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 600 Km (3), th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 hai h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt trong m\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0110BSCL. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m,Tonle Sap l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Cam B\u1ed1t ch\u1ea3y hai chi\u1ec1u theo theo hai m\u00f9a m\u01b0a n\u1eafng. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 co d\u00e3n: l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 c\u1ea1n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 2,500 km2 trong M\u00f9a Kh\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9 khi b\u01b0\u1edbc sang M\u00f9a M\u01b0a, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Mekong d\u00e2ng cao, t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c \u00e9p khi\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng Tonle Sap ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 d\u00e2ng cao t\u1eeb 8 t\u1edbi 10 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n b\u1edd, v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 12,000 km2. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u0169 \/ flooded forest<\/i> c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1, chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 60% ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Cam B\u1ed1t. Khi M\u00f9a M\u01b0a qua \u0111i, kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 11, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y H\u1ed9i N\u01b0\u1edbc, con s\u00f4ng Tonle Sap l\u1ea1i xu\u00f4i chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Quatre Bras<\/i> n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng, ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 t\u1eeb Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 theo Mekong H\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 theo s\u00f4ng Bassac \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu, tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o hai h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00e0 Mau, \u0111\u00e0n di ng\u01b0 n\u00e0y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 v\u1ef1a c\u00e1 tr\u1eddi cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0110BSCL.<\/p>\n Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi con \u0111\u00ea bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i thu mua \u0111\u1ea5t<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng do hai h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5, n\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa v\u00e0 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng \u0110BSCL v\u00e0 cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd, th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u00ec tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong s\u00e1ng \/ transparency<\/i>, v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng , v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch di d\u00e2n t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0110BSCL v\u1ed1n s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng y\u00eau v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n hy sinh cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n NH\u1eeeNG B\u01af\u1edaC KH\u1edeI \u0110\u1ea6U C\u1ee4 TH\u1ec0<\/p>\n 1\/ \u1ee6y Ban Mekong Vi\u1ec7t Nam thay v\u00ec b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u t\u1ecda ng\u1ef1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 12 Ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng Tre H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 S\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec nay \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 di d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0110BSCL v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. R\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f4 h\u00e0o th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 hy sinh c\u1ee9u nguy con t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eafm.<\/p>\n 2\/ \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u1ecdn H\u1ea3i \u0110\u0103ng Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7\u201d cho \u0110BSCL nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u00f2n tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m hay kh\u00f4ng khi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Ai s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho \u201cv\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t c\u00f2n\u201d \u1ea5y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cthink tank\u201d t\u1eeb Ph\u00e2n Khoa S\u00f4ng Mekong \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1? Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 v\u1edbi Ph\u00e2n Khoa S\u00f4ng Mekong ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 11 n\u0103m, c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: (a) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi con s\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng k\u1ebft ngh\u0129a Mississippi; (b) Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ban gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n, s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a hai \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00e0 Mississippi, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m Chuy\u00ean Vi\u00ean Tham v\u1ea5n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh M\u00f4i Sinh Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c [UNEP\/ United Nations Environment Programme], chuy\u00ean gia H\u1ed9i C\u00e1c Con \u0110\u1eadp Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi [WCD\/ World Commission Dams], M\u1ea1ng L\u01b0\u1edbi S\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf [IRN\/ International River Network]\u2026 H\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Th\u1ec9nh Gi\u1ea3ng, cho Ph\u00e2n Khoa S\u00f4ng Mekong. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 do t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft qua th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n; (c) Tuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u01b0u t\u00fa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o, Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u00f4i sinh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho \u201cCh\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n Xanh \/ Green Development\u201d,<\/i> h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong. L\u1edbp chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 chung n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a 6 qu\u1ed1c gia trong to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong. [6]<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh 2: <\/i><\/b>\u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 12 Ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0ng Tre, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u01a1i ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 S\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng c\u00e1ch xa \u0110BSCL h\u01a1n 1,600 km [Photo LN H\u00e0]<\/i><\/p>\n V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ngay m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u201cT\u00f9y vi\u00ean M\u00f4i sinh\u201d<\/i> \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch s\u00f4ng Mekong trong c\u00e1c T\u00f2a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 S\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c: nh\u01b0 t\u00f2a l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf C\u00f4n Minh V\u00e2n Nam, b\u1ed1n t\u00f2a \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Cam B\u1ed1t. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tai m\u1eaft, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1m quan s\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng cho Ph\u00e2n Khoa s\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ea3i xem \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho \u201cM\u1ed9t Tinh Th\u1ea7n S\u00f4ng Mekong\u201d<\/i> trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con S\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0110BSCL.<\/p>\n 3\/ R\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m Ch\u1eafn S\u00f3ng: trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1n s\u1ea1t l\u1edf nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng m\u0169i C\u00e0 Mau m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i n\u0103m (927 ha \/ n\u0103m), c\u1ea7n ngay n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m <\/i>ven bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 sa, song song v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u0129 m\u00f4 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00ea bi\u1ec3n \u0111a d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 hai h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng do thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n 4\/ D\u00f2ng S\u00f4ng Thanh Khi\u1ebft: nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng <\/i>v\u1eeba mang t\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf m\u1ecdi ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i. \u0110BSCL, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7u L\u00e0ng V\u0103n Ho\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kinh r\u1ea1ch th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00f3ng u\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, trong m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 <\/i>v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n PROS AND CONS V\u00c0 CH\u1ec8 C\u00d3 M\u1ed8T CH\u1eccN L\u1ef0A<\/p>\n T\u1eeb sau 1975, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00ea bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u1eadn duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 S\u00f3c Trang, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau v\u00e0 C\u00e0 Mau, v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00ea, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb b\u1ecdc ph\u00e8n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng, khi\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111i b\u1eeda \u0111\u00ea, v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i cho g\u00e0i m\u00ecn ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0103n tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang \u1edf \u0110BSCL, nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 con \u0111\u00ea bi\u1ec3n H\u1ea3i H\u1eadu Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, con \u0111\u00ea M\u0169i N\u00e9 Phan Thi\u1ebft mi\u1ec1n Trung\u2026<\/p>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n con \u0110\u00ea Bi\u1ec3n \u0110a D\u1ee5ng MSD th\u00ec sao? Qua hai b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i thao th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n _ C\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u201cx\u00e2y \u0111\u00ea bi\u1ec3n \u0110BSCL c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 l\u00e0, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, \u0110BSCL \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 tho\u00e1t l\u0169 ra bi\u1ec3n T\u00e2y r\u1ed3i. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m\u201d<\/i>. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, thay v\u00ec \u201cch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d<\/i> th\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u00edch nghi \/ adaptation\u201d<\/i> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n _ M\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n MSD c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea9n s\u1ed1, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i. Nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 200 tri\u1ec7u m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i hay h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n c\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 xim\u0103ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7u v\u00e9t n\u1ea1o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \/ huge dredgers<\/i>, l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 thi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea3o D\u1eeba \/ Palm Islands c\u1ee7a Dubai c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi 1 t\u1ec9 r\u01b0\u1ee1i \/ 1.5 billions m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i c\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 xim\u0103ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 7 l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n MSD.<\/p>\n _ C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, cho r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 hay c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb s\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 hay c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n. H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n _ Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n MSD ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng v\u00ec t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ho\u00e0i nghi cho r\u1eb1ng li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi \/ feasibility v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay hay kh\u00f4ng? Ngay c\u1ea3 Paul Stewart, ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng L\u01b0\u1edbi M\u00f4i Sinh \u201cT\u1eeb C\u1eeda S\u00f4ng T\u1edbi Ngu\u1ed3n \/ Mouth to Source\u201d,<\/i> m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u cho ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 D\u1ef1 \u00e1n V\u0129 m\u00f4 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00ec ngh\u0129 sao?\u201d<\/i> http:\/\/mouthtosource.org\/rivers\/mekong\/2011\/05\/29\/mekong-sea-dyke-concept-paper\/<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n _ Trong khi Nh\u00f3m K\u1ef9 S\u01b0 tham gia so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u00ea Bi\u1ec3n \u0110a D\u1ee5ng MSD \u1edf California, th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed MSD s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi 20,000 km2 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u0110BSCL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 di t\u1ea3n t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n, lo t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng g\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. (3)<\/p>\n Qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110\u00ea bi\u1ec3n \u0110a d\u1ee5ng MSD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt cho \u0110BSCL l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, xa h\u01a1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f4i ba th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch <\/i>v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3o ngh\u1ecbch: ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n, thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3n xanh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9ng d\u00e2u.<\/i><\/p>\n Sau nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, co c\u1ee5m l\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m g\u00ec h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1ea5y, coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e1m ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c \u0111i, m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cthinking outside the box\u201d<\/i>, hay m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 Trial and Error<\/i> \/ Nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Sai<\/i>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\/ gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\/ ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda\/ hay t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 do t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1ea5y, r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 g\u00ec trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. [Wikipedia]<\/i><\/p>\n H\u00ecnh 3: <\/i><\/b>3,600 km2 b\u00ean trong con \u0110\u00ea Bi\u1ec3n \u0110a D\u1ee5ng MSD c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi [Ref. 3]<\/i><\/p>\n NH\u1eeeNG B\u00c0I H\u1eccC TH\u00c0NH T\u1ef0U TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 v\u0129 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn\u201d c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, trong nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n _ C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Zuiderzee V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t Th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1eadp nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u0103n m\u1eb7n t\u1eeb B\u1eafc H\u1ea3i, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u0103n l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 C\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh M\u1ef9 \/ American Society of Civil Engineers \u0111\u00e3 vinh danh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a Lan nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong B\u1ea3y K\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n _ C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u00ea bi\u1ec3n Seamangeum m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c [ 04\/2010 , v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i, ch\u1eafn ngang hai c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Dongjin v\u00e0 Manggyeong; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb 1991 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 2010, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 t\u00edch t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \/ land reclamation l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Zuiderzee c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a Lan.<\/p>\n _ C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea3o D\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh B\u1ed9 Ba C\u00e2y D\u1eeba \/ The Palm Trilogy: Jumeirah, Jebel Ali, Deira c\u1ee7a <\/i>th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Dubai \/ United Arab Emirates<\/i> trong V\u1ecbnh Ba T\u01b0 \/ Persian Gulf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i c\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 do hai c\u00f4ng ty B\u1ec9 \/ Belgian v\u00e0 H\u00f2a Lan \/ Dutch<\/i> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \/ land reclamation<\/i>, v\u00e0 th\u00eam cho Dubai 520 Km b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t K\u1ef3 quan th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n _ C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eadp Ch\u1eafn Singapore \/ Singapore\u2019s Marina Barrage, do vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00fd Quang Di\u1ec7u \/ Lee Kuan Yew t\u1eeb h\u01a1n hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 v\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng <\/i>cao 100 inches \/n\u0103m, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u0169 l\u1ee5t ng\u0103n m\u1eb7n, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eadp Ch\u1eafn <\/i>\u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t [ 11\/2008 ], g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u0103ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb M\u00e3 Lai. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n K\u1ef9 S\u01b0 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9 \/ AAEE \/ American Academy of Environmental Engineers<\/i> vinh danh v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t 2009.<\/p>\n MISSISSIPPI B\u1ea0N \u0110\u1ed2NG H\u00c0NH V\u00c0 T\u01af\u01a0NG T\u00c1C<\/p>\n Mississipp k\u1ebft ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Mekong t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7, 2009; nay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00e0 \u0110BSCL. T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mississippi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn 200 n\u0103m b\u1eb1ng M\u1ed9t Cam k\u1ebft Li\u00ean Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \/ An Intergenerational Commitment <\/i>v\u1edbi 6 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho to\u00e0n c\u01b0 d\u00e2n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c: [1] B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; [2] T\u1ea1o an to\u00e0n cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ven s\u00f4ng trong to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c; [3] Th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u1edbi th\u00fa s\u0103n b\u1eafn, c\u00e2u c\u00e1 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng; [4] Du l\u1ecbch an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c; [5] U\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ph\u00fa t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng hay t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m<\/i> trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c; [6] Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec7u d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. (Mississippi River Commission, August 20, 2009)<\/i><\/p>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eafn t\u1eaft 6 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y trong 5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: [a] An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n; [b] Ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; [c] Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n; [d] Cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc; [e] B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 6 qu\u1ed1c gia L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c L\u1edbn S\u00f4ng Mekong \/ GMS\/ Greater Mekong Subregion, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0110BSCL. \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u201cVi\u1ec5n Ki\u1ebfn 200 N\u0103m\u201d <\/i>\u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mississippi l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n MSD V\u00c0 NH\u1eeeNG HI\u1ec2M NGUY SINH T\u1eec<\/p>\n Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t L\u01b0\u1ee1i G\u01b0\u01a1m Damocl\u00e8s <\/i>treo tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u00ea Bi\u1ec3n \u0110a D\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 MSD s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ebft: [1] N\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u00e8o u\u1ed9t \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m; [2] N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m <\/i>\u0111ang suy x\u1ee5p nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ee7i ph\u00e8n v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n acid s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5; [3] N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ecdi r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ph\u00f3ng u\u1ebf xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1 r\u00e1c h\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng m\u00f9i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m; [4] V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 con \u0111\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u01a1n h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y \/ m\u1ed9t tsunami tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong<\/i> cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 con \u0111\u00ea bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. (3)<\/p>\n V\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng, v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ea3m, v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ee7i ph\u00e8n, l\u00fan th\u00eam m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng \u0110BSCL v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u0110BSCL ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n, v\u1edbi ti\u00eau vong c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n V\u0103n Minh Mi\u1ec7t V\u01b0\u1eddn<\/i>; ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 \u0111i t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u00eang, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft t\u1eeb cho c\u1ea3 ba b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long \u2013 Nh\u00ecn Xa N\u1eeda Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 T\u1edbi\u201d<\/i>: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \/ conceptual stage<\/i> n\u00ean b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edf\u201d <\/i>cho m\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed5 xung ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft; xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u201cT\u1eeb Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng t\u1edbi Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c \/ A Posse Ad Esse\u201d. <\/i><\/p>\n NG\u00d4 TH\u1ebe VINH [Source: www.vietecology.org]<\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n THAM KH\u1ea2O: <\/i><\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n 1\/ Mekong-C\u1eedu Long Nh\u00ecn Xa N\u1eeda Th\u1ebf K\u1ef3 T\u1edbi [1] Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh, 01\/2011, Viet Ecology Foundation;<\/i>http:\/\/www.vietecology.org\/Article.aspx\/Article\/61<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 2\/ <\/em>Mekong-C\u1eedu Long Nh\u00ecn Xa N\u1eeda Th\u1ebf K\u1ef3 T\u1edbi [2]; Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh, 05\/2011, Viet Ecology Foundation; <\/i>http:\/\/www.vietecology.org\/Article.aspx\/Article\/67<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 3\/ \u0110\u00ea Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ed1ng M\u1eb7n \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long, Ng\u00f4 Minh Tri\u1ebft, S.E., Ph\u1ea1m Phan Long, P.E.<\/i><\/p>\n Viet Ecology Foundation 06\/2011; <\/i>http:\/\/www.vietecology.org\/Article.aspx\/Article\/68<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 4\/ V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t Ng\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi, Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u01b0\u01a1n Phi\u00eau, Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 21 s\u1ed1 219, th\u00e1ng 7, 2007 <\/i><\/p>\n 5\/ B\u1ee9c Tranh \u1ea2m \u0110\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a N\u00f4ng D\u00e2n Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tu\u1ea5n 02\/2011, <\/i>http:\/\/nguyenvantuan.net\/misc\/9-misc\/1181-ghi-chep-cuoi-nam-8-buc-tranh-am-dam-cua-nong-thon-mien-tay<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 6\/ \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, Ng\u1ecdn H\u1ea3i \u0110\u0103ng Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y; Di\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ra Tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1; Gs \u0110\u1ed7 B\u00e1 Kh\u00ea (19\/12\/1970); \u0110\u1eb7c San Ti\u1ec1n Giang H\u1eadu Giang, 2000<\/i><\/p>\n 7\/ S\u1ed1ng Chung V\u1edbi N\u01b0\u1edbc Bi\u1ec3n D\u00e2ng; Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb Online 28\/08\/2010; <\/i>http:\/\/m.tuoitre.vn\/tin-tuc\/Chinh-tri-Xa-hoi\/Khoa-hoc-Moi-truong\/310,Song-chung-voi-nuoc-bien-dang.ttm<\/i><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 8\/ The Mekong, River of Terror and Hope, Peter White, National Geographic134, No.6, December 1968<\/i><\/p>\n 9\/ Possible Impacts of Saltwater Intrusion Floodgates in Vietnam\u2019s Lower Mekong Delta; Ian White, Australian National University_Seminar on Environment and Development in Vietnam, Dec 6-7, 1996 <\/i>http:\/\/coombs.anu.edu.au\/~vern\/env_dev\/papers\/pap07.html<\/u><\/i><\/a><\/u><\/i><\/p>\n
\u201cWater has become expensive, and it will be even more expensive in the future,
which will make it the \u2018blue gold\u2019 of the 21st<\/sup> century\u201d.
Ricardo Petrella, 3\/2000<\/em><\/p>\n
hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 sai tr\u00e1i\u201d.
\u201cFor every claim to virtue made by the proponents of big dams,
there is a clear-cut, factual and demonstrable refutation\u201d.
Elmer Peterson, Big Dam Fooliness, 1954<\/em><\/p>\n
v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang\u201d.
\u201cIn my view, nature is awful and what you do is cure it\u201d.
Camille Dagenais, Canadian dam engineering firm SNC, 1985 <\/em><\/p>\n\n
![\"Mekong-3-h1\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/Mekong-3-h1.jpg\" "\\"Mekong-3-h1\\"")
<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
California 06\/ 2011<\/p>\n