{"id":1936,"date":"2008-11-25T01:05:00","date_gmt":"2008-11-25T01:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/2008\/11\/tayson\/"},"modified":"2022-02-23T11:06:50","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T11:06:50","slug":"tay-son-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/1936\/tay-son-phan-1","title":{"rendered":"T&acirc;y S\u01a1n &ndash; ph\u1ea7n 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>1771 &#8211; 1802 M\u1ed8T TH\u1ebe H\u1ec6, TRONG V\u00d4 TH\u1ee8C, \u0110I T\u00ccM V\u01af\u1ee2T THO\u00c1T KH\u1eceI V\u00d2NG K\u1ec0M TH\u00daC C\u1ee6A TRUY\u1ec0N TH\u1ed0NG KHU V\u1ef0C<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Ph\u1ea7n 1<\/strong>      <\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XIV) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u00f4ng s\u1eed ng\u1eafn \u201cS\u01a1 th\u1ea3o: B\u00e0i s\u1eed kh\u00e1c cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d \u0111ang th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. Th\u1eddi gian b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Tai n\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, quy\u1ec3n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1771 \u0111\u1ebfn 1802, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 sau ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BBC b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1eafp h\u1ea1ng Top Ten tin t\u1ee9c trong th\u00e1ng 2-2007 (th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi nh\u1eafn b\u00ean trong: \u201cBestseller \u0111\u1ea5y!\u201d \u0110\u00fang ra, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.      <br \/>Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch kia th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn v\u0103n, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 mong k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e3n d\u1ecbch (m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch), v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam m\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u c\u01a1m (m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00e2u l\u1ea1i g\u00e3y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.) Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201c\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng hay bi\u1ec7n minh cho \u201cch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e1\u201d (c\u1ee7a Nixon, trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u00f4ng ta c\u00f2n th\u1ea5t c\u1eed!) hay r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 M\u0129 ngu\u1ef5 \u201c c\u1ea3. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, tuy c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u00e2n b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u201cbi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 long tr\u1eddi l\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n\u201d m\u00e0 d\u00e1m \u201cx\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam: th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Quang Trung\u201d nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 vi\u00ean s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean-tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u201cki\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc\u201d \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c Nam ti\u1ebfn, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn \u201ct\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d ngay trong s\u00e1ch r\u1ed3i. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, l\u1eddi k\u1ebft \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i cay c\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, tay c\u1ea7m s\u00fang hu\u00eanh hoang m\u00e0 trong l\u00f2ng th\u00ec \u1ea5m \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thua k\u00e9m m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch g\u1ee5c ng\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1i x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed3n. S\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u1ee9c \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u201d ki\u00eau k\u00ec l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt, ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t, mang d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn x\u01b0a c\u0169, l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0 cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa.       <br \/>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch kia nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, sau bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao T\u00e2y S\u01a1n?<\/strong>    <\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1eefa hai v\u00f9ng Nam B\u1eafc \u0111ang k\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea ph\u1ea3i lo \u00e2u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gay g\u1eaft n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u00e0 s\u1eed gia trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb \u201cPhong tr\u00e0o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, tuy r\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t ai, t\u1eeb t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c gi\u1eb7c c\u1ecf l\u00ean t\u1edbi quan ch\u1ee9c s\u0129 ho\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh. Ph\u00eda \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, tuy v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngay ng\u00e0y suy s\u1ee5p. V\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.    <br \/>S\u1eed gia ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng khai tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m khuynh \u0111\u1ea3o tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh Nguy\u1ec5n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ph\u00e2n tranh trong 200 n\u0103m c\u00f3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, mang th\u00eam d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c (th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, gi\u00e1o s\u0129) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t (John White 1819) th\u00ec nh\u00ecn ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n suy s\u1ee5p l\u00e0 ngay ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, theo t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thu x\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed l\u1edbn lao \u0111i theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng hay d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n cai tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, ngay t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb H. Poivre (1749) nh\u1eadn ra qua l\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u201ctham s\u1eafc, xa x\u1ec9, b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong tay \u0111\u00e1m c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n tham t\u00e0n\u201d nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1744 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t-tho\u00e1t-v\u1ec1-ph\u00eda-tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201cvua\u201d l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean c\u1edb g\u00e2y n\u00ean g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c.    <br \/>C\u00e1c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4 v\u1ebd. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c khen c\u00e1c ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00ec cai tr\u1ecb khoan dung, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh y\u1ebfu m\u1ec1m ngay n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u00f4ng n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a v\u1eefng tin n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa anh em, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i khi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n k\u1ebf v\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00f3c xin nh\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u00f4ng ch\u00fa. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa, Thomas Bowyear (1695) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u00f4ng c\u1eadu\/ch\u00fa\/b\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u1ee9 tr\u1ee5 n\u0103m 1638 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng manh. Th. Bowyear th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u00f4ng th\u00ec hai \u00f4ng T\u1ea3, H\u1eefu (kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 N\u1ed9i hay Ngo\u1ea1i) \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1709 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tranh gi\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng N\u1ed9i h\u1eefu h\u1ecd T\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng (b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft) thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu th\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c N\u1ed9i h\u1eefu n\u0103m 1714. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1edbt qua l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1edbp quy\u1ec1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mang h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u00faa. Cho n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh sau khi V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.    <br \/>M\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c suy s\u1ee5p tri\u1ec1u ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Loan \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ea3i s\u1eeda di chi\u1ebfu. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c \u201c(Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Lu\u00e2n, cha Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh) theo vai v\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp\u201d c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft ngay t\u1eeb V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00faa \u201cm\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu \/ l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i\u201d (Jh. White, b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p: eff\u00e9min\u00e9) t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c con trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n m\u1edbi 12 tu\u1ed5i l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (1765) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed9i cho Loan nh\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1m C\u1eedu \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i cung. M\u1eb9 Thu\u1ea7n, b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 con ch\u00fa con b\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ch\u00faa m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tham v\u1ecdng gi\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u0111ua nhau r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng. C\u00f9ng phe Loan c\u00f3 N\u1ed9i t\u1ea3 (1739) Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu Th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 anh c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4ng: C\u1eedu Qu\u00fd. Cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tam tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1. \u00d4ng N\u1ed9i h\u1eefu Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n H\u1ea1nh b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o cung gi\u1ebft \u0111i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng Ph\u00fac Lu\u00e2n theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ee1 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng con c\u00e1i\u201d c\u1ee7a V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p. Loan l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u, do c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u201ct\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f3, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, g\u1eafng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o h\u1ed3i ch\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n D\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u00e9o le l\u00e0m k\u1ebb ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong trang s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh!    <br \/>Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n cung \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Lo\u1ea1n hay tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh sau \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m x\u00e9t ra c\u00f2n n\u00e1t b\u00e9t h\u01a1n h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m T\u00e2y S\u01a1n qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3o th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, Nguy\u1ec5n s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trong v\u00f2ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Quy Nh\u01a1n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i.    <br \/>Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tuy l\u00e0 theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng vong c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Tr\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m ng\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng toan t\u00ednh d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00eda nam tuy c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1ebf tranh ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 cung c\u1ea5p l\u00faa g\u1ea1o cho v\u00f9ng Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng, n\u01a1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n danh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t Hai Huy\u1ec7n, \u201cti\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai,\u201d hay b\u1ecb b\u1ecf lu\u1ed1ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n g\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi th\u00ec kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 trong l\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf L\u00e2n, v\u00e0 cao \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3i kinh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf Ho\u00e0i Nam kh\u00fac.    <br \/>Tuy nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u00faa g\u1ea1o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, n\u1ebfu ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n v\u00e0 li\u1ebfc v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. Cho n\u00ean l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c do giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt khai th\u00e1c tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng c\u0169 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c ch\u00faa kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1t, t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a), c\u00e1i th\u1ebf kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eebng-\u0111\u1ed3ng-bi\u1ec3n hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng: \u201cAi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eafn v\u1edbi n\u1eadu ngu\u1ed3n, M\u0103ng le g\u1edfi xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1 chu\u1ed3n g\u1edfi l\u00ean.\u201d C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 t\u1ee5c c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i r\u1eebng n\u00fai trong khu v\u1ef1c: l\u1ec5 Khai s\u01a1n, \u0110\u0103ng s\u01a1n, t\u1ee5c \u0110i ngu\u1ed3n&#8230; Trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u gi\u00f3, l\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u ng\u01b0 m\u1edf m\u00f9a c\u00e1. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra thu thu\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, qua c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf \u1edf l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, len l\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o tay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00e1c L\u00e1i \u2013 c\u00e1i t\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u201cM\u1ecdi\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n xa h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa, Minh d\u00e2n c\u0169 hay Thanh nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m xe n\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0110\u0103ng s\u01a1n, n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c cai t\u1ed5ng M\u1ecdi g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf s\u1eadp b\u1eaby, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c l\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed1t than, l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ebf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (X\u1ee9) trong v\u00f9ng. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Nam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t C\u00e1c L\u00e1i m\u00f9 \u0111i c\u00e1ng, l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i mua b\u00e1n qu\u1ebf tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 20 n\u0103m! V\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00faa g\u1ea1o, khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi thao t\u00fang t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh h\u1ed3n, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng oai h\u00f9ng th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i.    <br \/>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1768, H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00e0i t\u1edbi Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1n trong 6 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi \u201cti\u00ean tri\u201d \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u0103m 1770 quan qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u00f9ng, ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh M\u1ecdi \u0110\u00e1 V\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t C\u00e1c L\u00e1i mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1edd T\u00e2y S\u01a1n: \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d t\u00ean Di\u1ec7n, T\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y H\u1ed9i An; \u1edf Quy Nh\u01a1n, ngo\u00e0i nh\u00f3m T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n S\u0129, xa v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean c\u00f3 Chu V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfp, Nguy\u1ec5n Long. V\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho Trung ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n T\u1eadp \u0110\u00ecnh, Ho\u00e0 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n L\u00ed T\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng t\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn lao l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng tay ch\u1ec9 huy trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cqu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d kia, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bu\u00f4n tr\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Bi\u1ec7n Nh\u1ea1c vang danh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ed5 h\u00e0o,\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111ang gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9c d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201cquan\u201d \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c thu thu\u1ebf c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea3i giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u1eeb \u201cm\u1ecdi\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cT\u00e0u\u201d, Olane&#8230;    <br \/>Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi \u2013 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n k\u1ecbp nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, mang l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn: Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n k\u1ebdm, nhanh v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u00f5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y t\u1eeb 1746 khi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1 ho\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft Gresham: \u201c&#8230; Ru\u1ecdng \u1edf Phi\u00ean Tr\u1ea5n, Long H\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n l\u1ee5t bao gi\u1edd&#8230;Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m M\u1eadu t\u00ed (1768) t\u1edbi nay (1770) gi\u00e1 th\u00f3c cao v\u1ecdt, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m&#8230; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu th\u00f3c m\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n k\u1ebdm g\u00e2y n\u00ean&#8230; D\u00e2n \u0111ua nhau ch\u1ee9a th\u00f3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ee9a ti\u1ec1n (k\u1ebdm).\u201d C\u00f3 l\u00faa m\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00fac xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u chia cho nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o,\u201d trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y th\u00f3c l\u00faa t\u00edch tr\u1eef \u0111em ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf L\u00e2n \u1edf tr\u00ean. D\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 C\u00e1c L\u00e1i th\u00ec t\u00edch tr\u1eef ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u1ea3y sinh tham v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn.    <br \/>V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec t\u00ecnh c\u1edd m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n, dinh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i \u201cti\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai\u201d t\u01b0\u1edbi ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xe n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng L\u1ea1i Giang k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn, thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u01a1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u00f4ng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u nu\u00f4i c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0o Duy T\u1eeb \u0111em ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed cho ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n. Li Tana th\u1ea5y An Kh\u00ea li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Ba \u1edf Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Cam L\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai. L\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c c\u1ecf, mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u1ea5y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n n\u1ebfp. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201cd\u00e2n n\u1eabu\u201d nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng, d\u00e0nh cho d\u00e2n b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh Nam Ng\u00e3i B\u00ecnh Ph\u00fa nh\u01b0ng d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi (1801), ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n c\u0169. N\u1eabu l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cn\u1eadu\u201d ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c (n\u1eadu s\u00e1p v\u00e0ng, tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n, n\u1eadu \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, n\u1eadu l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng&#8230;) v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh th\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c, l\u00e0ng x\u00e3. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u00e2n ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan m\u1ed9t \u00edt v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ph\u00eda nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n n\u1eabu ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp n\u1eadu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ecba nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u01b0\u1edbc mong, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.    <br \/>L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng phong tr\u00e0o n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f9ng: S\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc l\u00f4i ra t\u1eeb trong m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u1ed1m G\u00f2 S\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Vijaya b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIII, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ed9 t\u00e1ng \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n \/ C\u00e1ch Th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0y nay (\u0110\u1ed7 Bang) cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. L. Barizy v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Thi N\u1ea1i (1801) cho th\u1ea5y c\u1eeda N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n ra ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111i ngang qua, th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf trong khi \u1edf B\u00ecnh Nam \u0111\u1ed3 1774 th\u00ec n\u00f3 mang d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n h\u1ea3i m\u00f4n th\u00e2m.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n \u201cs\u00e2u\u201d. C\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p v\u00ec b\u1ecf ph\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb b\u1ecb l\u1ea5p v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n (1774-1801). T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecf ph\u1ebf ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m suy s\u1ee5p g\u1ed1m G\u00f2 S\u00e0nh v\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng quanh th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c (Chapman 1778) nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y H\u1ed9i An \u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u1eeda N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n \u1edf ngay trung t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1eeda Thi N\u1ea1i (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Quy Nh\u01a1n ng\u00e0y nay) \u201cThi N\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i m\u00f4n\u201d \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cth\u00e2m\u201d, tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n, l\u1ea1i xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t G\u00f2 S\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 g\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eefa. D\u00f2ng g\u1ed1m G\u00f2 S\u00e0nh suy t\u00e0n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean c\u1edb ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u0103ng?    <br \/>Tuy nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 hai ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nam B\u1eafc \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u: Anh em Nh\u1ea1c, L\u1eef, Hu\u1ec7. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai?    <br \/>G\u1ed1c t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 danh, khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u00f9 m\u1edd kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. Anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n qu\u00e1 n\u1ed5i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 qua, n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t g\u00ec v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i tung h\u1ee9ng, xu ph\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00f4i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00e1ng b\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1ng c\u0103m gh\u00e9t, l\u00e0m \u201cmang t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d    <br \/>S\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n, k\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u00edt sao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb: \u201cTi\u00ean t\u1ed5 (T\u00e2y S\u01a1n) ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u01b0ng Nguy\u00ean, tr\u1ea5n Ngh\u1ec7 An. \u00d4ng t\u1ed5 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m Th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ee9c (1653-1657) b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho \u1edf \u1ea5p T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t&#8230; Cha l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea5p Ki\u00ean Th\u00e0nh&#8230; sinh ra Nh\u1ea1c, L\u1eef, Hu\u1ec7.\u201d Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 khi Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed th\u00eam :\u201d&#8230; d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li, c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0nh v\u1edbi H\u1ed3 Phi Ph\u00fac&#8230;\u201d th\u00ec \u00f4ng Ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o v\u1edbi H\u1ed3 Phi Ph\u00fac th\u00e0nh cha c\u1ee7a anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Ph\u00fac n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 h\u1ecd H\u1ed3, khi l\u00e0m cha Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch, lao \u0111ao trong bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c phe n\u00e0y phe n\u1ecd v\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh trong ghi ch\u00e9p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o&#8230; \u1edf s\u00e1ch T\u00e2y S\u01a1n tr\u00ean ph\u1ee7 Quy Nh\u01a1n&#8230; C\u1ee5 t\u1ed5 \u0111i l\u00ednh&#8230;\u201d N\u1ebfu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7 (1657), \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac Nguy\u1ec5n chi\u1ebfm Ngh\u1ec7 An, th\u1ea5y ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebft tha \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n x\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Chu, th\u1ea5y s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p thu d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1c tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 H\u01b0ng Nguy\u00ean danh ti\u1ebfng \u0111em v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf v\u00f9ng nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8o Mang \/ Mang Yang \/ C\u1eeda Tr\u1eddi! M\u1ecdi t\u00f4 v\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb danh ti\u1ebfng (v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a) T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh V\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ Quang Trung Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n \u201cb\u1eaft theo d\u00e2n\u201d (Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea&#8230;) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch: \u201c(th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o) t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng To\u00e0n, sinh \u0110\u1ed3ng Ph\u00fac, (sinh?) Th\u01b0 Nh\u1ea1c chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7&#8230;\u201d C\u00f3 t\u00ean \u00f4ng Ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5y. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li, v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed3ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y theo v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d\/\u201d\u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby trong x\u1ee9: \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00e2y C\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u01b0\u01a1u&#8230; T\u00ean m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb h\u1ecd \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00ean x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a anh em h\u1ecd th\u1eadt d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. Nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0 anh C\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n s\u0129: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 \/ Th\u1ea7y C\u1ea3, L\u1eef th\u1ee9 7 (\u201cB\u1ea3y\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch, \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng B\u1ea3y\u201d c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u0129), Hu\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 8 (\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng T\u00e1m\u201d c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u0129.) T\u00e1m anh em, c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 4 trong ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb, c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan, \u0111i vi\u1ebfng tang Hu\u1ec7 n\u0103m 1792. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 anh Hai Tr\u1ea7u, ch\u00fa Ba Th\u01a1m, th\u1ea7y T\u01b0 L\u1eef g\u00ec r\u00e1o tr\u1ecdi!    <br \/>Nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0m bi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n, ti\u00eau l\u1ea1m ti\u1ec1n thu\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00fang c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n, theo l\u1eddi s\u1eed quan. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thu thu\u1ebf \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a r\u01a1i r\u1edbt r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00e1c th\u1ed5 h\u00e0o, quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng bi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, giao du r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c (Jh. White) nh\u1eadn ra Yin Yac bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u1edbn lao v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi Nh\u1ea1c m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, theo s\u1eed quan cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng trung l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng C\u00f4n, con s\u00f4ng huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng qua c\u1eeda N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t xa \u0111\u1eddi. S\u1eed c\u00f2n k\u1ec3 ra nh\u1eefng h\u00e0o ph\u00fa kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u: Huy\u1ec1n Kh\u00ea, Nguy\u1ec5n Thung, c\u00e1c to\u00e1n \u201cc\u01b0\u1edbp\u201d \u1edf ngu\u1ed3n An T\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u00f9ng: T\u1ee9 Linh, Nh\u01b0ng Huy. Theo chi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft nh\u00f3m An T\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Thung, \u0111u\u1ed5i T\u1eadp \u0110\u00ecnh, b\u1ecf L\u00ed T\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp kh\u1edfi lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Thanh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n mang m\u1ed9t d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 b\u1ecf l\u01a1. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y g\u01b0\u01a1m thi\u00eang (c\u1ee7a vua L\u1eeda), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 \/ Th\u1ea7y C\u1ea3.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi em th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u0169ng mang danh Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \/ \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 to\u00e0n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (\u201cPr\u00eatre \/ Grand pr\u00eatre de toute la Cochinchine\u201d &#8211; Jh. White) ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mang t\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. T\u00ean T\u1ee9 Linh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed (long, li, quy, ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng.) Cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd mang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd, s\u1eafc m\u0169 \u00e1o, l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i Nam B\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi. To\u00e1n qu\u00e2n Thanh ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i k\u00edn Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed5 tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c tuy d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng S\u00e3i C\u1ea3 Ch\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi v\u1ecb n\u1eef ch\u00faa Th\u1ecb Ho\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. V\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng sau hai n\u0103m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u00ean r\u1eebng m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u00f2n b\u1eadn t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, hay ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n kia nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tranh chi\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea ngo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <strong><\/strong>  <\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 4-1773 h\u1ecd tung ho\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean v\u00e0 nam Quy Nh\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00eam tranh ch\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn N\u1ed9i t\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac V\u0103n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 l\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Loan nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh Quy Nh\u01a1n (9-1773) c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eed th\u00e1ch quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh h\u1ecd ch\u00faa v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n. Ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ec1 m\u01b0u m\u00f4 c\u01b0\u1edbp th\u00e0nh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan truy\u1ec1n m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau, v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn tai \u00f4ng Tham qu\u00e2n L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n: \u201c(Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nh\u1ea1c) ph\u00e1 ng\u1ee5c cho t\u00f9 ra&#8230;\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u2013 hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Hi\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t Ki\u00ean Th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1y anh em T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u00edt h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, r\u1eebng n\u00fai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd h\u00ecnh dung ra cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u1edbi l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u201cv\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0\u201d c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n&#8230; nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1m b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn. Xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng hay b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec nh\u1eefng toan t\u00ednh to l\u1edbn m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd \u201cQu\u00e2n Tri\u1ec1u: qu\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f3 \/ Qu\u00e2n \u00d3: qu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n\u201d ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, tuy T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd k\u1ebb gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe \u0111\u1ebfn: qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i.    <br \/>L\u1edbp quan binh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 40 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ch\u00faa m\u1edbi (Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m 1767) m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trung ch\u00e2u m\u00e0 lan ra c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean: d\u1eb9p Ho\u00e0ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u1ea5t \u1edf t\u00e2y b\u1eafc (1769), L\u00ea Duy M\u1eadt \u1edf Tr\u1ea5n Ninh, l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00e0o (1770). Tin t\u1ee9c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u01b0a ra cho Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1eed Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac l\u00e3nh qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1774. Qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng Gianh, th\u1ea5y lu\u1ef9 Tr\u1ea5n Ninh m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, r\u00eau rao ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Loan nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Nguy\u1ec5n, \u0111u\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd v\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, ch\u1ecbu k\u1eb9p gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn ra. T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y th\u00eam ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. M\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n (Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng) ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cHo\u00e0ng t\u00f4n\u201d l\u00ean l\u00e0m Th\u1ebf t\u1eed, chia tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai phe r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ph\u00fac Thu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba n\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o nam, \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Nh\u00f3m ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n, g\u00e2y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong hai c\u00e1nh T\u1eadp \u0110\u00ecnh, L\u00ed T\u00e0i, c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a phe D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u201cNgo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac T\u0129nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y S\u01a1n chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 binh d\u00e2n \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. Th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c Nguy\u1ec5n y\u1ebfu \u1edbt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ea3ng Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh.    <br \/>Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf C\u1ea9m Sa (5-1775) th\u1eafng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh khai th\u00e1c th\u00eam th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu \u00fd ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh. Qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 r\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng v\u1eeba g\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u201d l\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec d\u1ecbch t\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn. T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0, ch\u00ed ti\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 trong l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh cho Tr\u1ecbnh S\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf S\u00e2m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh c\u1ee9 an t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u01a1 v\u00e9t t\u1eeb kho t\u00e0ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u00e1t tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 T\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea3nh rang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i thanh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.    <br \/>C\u00e1i th\u1ebf d\u00f9ng d\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n ph\u00f9 Ho\u00e0ng t\u00f4n D\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n Ng\u0169 Dinh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Hi\u1ec7p, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn t\u1eadp trung s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a suy suy\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh chi\u1ebfn d\u1eb1ng dai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh trong v\u00f9ng d\u00f2m ng\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1776, Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111ang d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac D\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ed1n t\u1eeb Quy Nh\u01a1n v\u00e0o, c\u00e0ng \u0111em th\u00eam chia r\u1ebd trong h\u1ecd nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ed7 Thanh Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, L\u00ed T\u00e0i v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia, l\u00e0 m\u1ed3i ngon cho Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c l\u1edbp l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 15 tu\u1ed5i: Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh.    <br \/>D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t may m\u1eafn cho h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eeb nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ee5 \u01a1n tri\u1ec1u c\u0169, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, anh h\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o d\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng danh trong th\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n ph\u00f9 theo m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Sau khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Nguy\u1ec5n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed7 Thanh Nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p tri\u1ec1u ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c: \u0110\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean su\u00fd Nhi\u1ebfp qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh (1778).    <br \/>L\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 mang danh ngh\u0129a Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Cho n\u00ean l\u1ed1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ee9 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n trong bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 tay ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng Ngo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ed7 Thanh Nh\u00e2n, v\u1edbi thanh th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n th\u00e2n x\u00e1c (kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 4-1781) b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh tuy m\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eb7c, ch\u1ec9 mang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t danh v\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 (g\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Cai \u0111\u1ed9i.) Danh x\u01b0ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00f9a ch\u00fa, phong thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh ki\u1ec3u Nho Gi\u00e1o. R\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi\u201d Chu V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n trong tay T\u00e2y S\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u00e0o \u1ea1t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t truy \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng (1782, 1783, 1785). Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i, h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em thanh th\u1ebf Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh lan to\u1ea3 kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng, gi\u00fap thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ee5c l\u00e2m, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ecba H\u1ed9i, M\u00e3 Lai (Vinh Li Ma.) V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c.    <br \/>C\u00e1i th\u1ebf nh\u1edd c\u1eady qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang l\u00ean, \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Nguy\u1ec5n thua th\u00ec T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Xi\u00eam v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi h\u1ed3i m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Thu\u1ef5 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c Rama I l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (1782), v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4i v\u00e0o Xi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cgi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.\u201d Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n hai t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u0103ng, S\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd tan t\u00e1c \u1edf R\u1ea1ch G\u1ea7m Xo\u00e0i M\u00fat (1-1785). Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u vong th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh x\u1ee9 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng B\u1ea3y Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, ch\u1eafc l\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.\u201d    <br \/>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phe chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn theo bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a phe Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ra r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn xua \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n, va ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh quy c\u1ee7a Xi\u00eam La. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00fat cho \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 t\u00e0i ba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc, th\u1eafng \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a v\u1ec1 sau. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00fang ra th\u00ec qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh quy c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 T\u1ed1ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Hi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3)N\u0103m Dinh \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean 23 tu\u1ed5i d\u1eabn c\u00e1c trai l\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e8o C\u00f9 M\u00f4ng \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u00e8o C\u1ea3 trong l\u00fac m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng g\u1ed1c ru\u1ed9ng r\u1eaby, \u0111i r\u1eebng, h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y tu\u1ed5i, \u1edf c\u00e1ch xa n\u01a1i c\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ch\u1ec9 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u201ckho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh,\u201d v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ea7y, s\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn qu\u00e2n dinh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0a th\u01b0 d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u01b0\u1edbng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Cai \u0111\u1ed9i \/ \u0110\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng (\u0111\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n&#8230;    <br \/>Tuy nhi\u00ean qua ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1776 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m trong v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbp thuy\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Qu\u1ea3ng Nam c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1c Thi\u00ean T\u1ee9 g\u1edfi gi\u00fap Du\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng theo nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i r\u00fat ra, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1eefng tin n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1eadt g\u1ed1c kh\u1ecfi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh.    <br \/>Nguy\u1ec5n Khoa Thuy\u00ean b\u1ecb r\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111u\u1ed5i, b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 cho \u00f4ng tham qu\u00e2n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, hoang vu khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t an c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u2013 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 sau khi Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u00f5 V\u0103n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u00e1 m\u1eafm, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1edbp, \u0103n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft c\u00f2n \u1ec9a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c L\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n B\u1ea1c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t T\u1ed1ng Giang c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi m\u1edbi, cung c\u1ea5p cho Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadn trung \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft: V\u00f5 T\u00e1nh. Cho n\u00ean ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m Nguy\u1ec5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (1780-82), T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf Quy Nh\u01a1n, ch\u1edd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o khi Nguy\u1ec5n g\u1eb7p r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ed7 Thanh Nh\u00e2n. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.    <br \/>Nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, may m\u1eafn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i danh v\u1ecdng th\u00ec m\u1edbi r\u00f5 g\u1ed1c ch\u0103n tr\u00e2u nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. C\u00f4 em Chu V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfp n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 anh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean \u0110\u1eadu v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng Chu Mu\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u201cC\u00f4 h\u1ecd Chu?\u201d \u201cC\u00f4 em \u00f4ng Chu?\u201d)! Nh\u1eefng T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Chu, T\u01b0 kh\u1ea5u Uy c\u1ee7a l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Long\/M\u01b0u, \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n vang danh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1u t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0\u1edbp, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eadu, trai l\u00e0ng, lo\u1ea1i \u201cphu qu\u00e9t ch\u1ee3, l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea9y xe\u201d (Phan Huy Ch\u00fa)&#8230; quanh qu\u1ea9n v\u00f9ng Quy Nh\u01a1n. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i thay th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ch\u1ea1y qua ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i, khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p ph\u00eda T\u00e2y S\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ph\u00eda Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 Hu\u1ef3nh \u0110\u1ee9c, tr\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Ngh\u1ec7 An xa l\u1ea1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u00ean, th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh, nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n B\u1eedu, Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh khi Jh. White g\u1eb7p n\u0103m 1819. Cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 H\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ea1n v\u00ec b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t kinh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (5-1782) khi\u1ebfn ta nh\u1eadn ra ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0y, r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, ngo\u00e0i ba anh em, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ch\u00eanh v\u00eanh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p anh em nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd.    <br \/>T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1778 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Chapman c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 k\u00ec v\u1ecdng g\u00ec v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ed9i An b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Chapman cho th\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a anh bi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i g\u00f3c n\u00fai nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 gom g\u00f3p t\u1eeb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecbch thu c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u1ed5i d\u1ea1y \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3ng trong th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e0 B\u00e0n, tuy hoang ph\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh lu\u1ef9, c\u00f2n h\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Tuy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 tranh tre l\u00e1. Th\u00e0nh lu\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 cho Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 uy nghi x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf, l\u1ea5y ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c (1778), l\u00ean thay th\u1ebf d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd \u00f4ng v\u1eeba ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm, truy \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00e0n d\u01b0 h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n khi\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong, n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam v\u1ed1n \u201cs\u1ee3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3 c\u1ecdp,\u201d gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c toan t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thu h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda \u201cngo\u1ea1i\u201d \u00f4ng, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111ang c\u00f2n trong tay qu\u00e2n Tr\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ed1 l\u1ed9 v\u1edbi Chapman. \u01af\u1edbc v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd l\u1ea1i \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd mang c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>(xem ti\u1ebfp Ph\u1ea7n 2)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XIV) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u00f4ng s\u1eed ng\u1eafn \u201cS\u01a1 th\u1ea3o: B\u00e0i s\u1eed kh\u00e1c cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d \u0111ang th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. Th\u1eddi gian b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Tai n\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch d\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, quy\u1ec3n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1771 \u0111\u1ebfn 1802, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 sau ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BBC b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1eafp h\u1ea1ng Top Ten<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,152,153,9],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-1936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","category-nghien-cuu","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1936"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71679,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1936\/revisions\/71679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}