{"id":18216,"date":"2011-01-31T01:05:00","date_gmt":"2011-01-31T01:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/18216"},"modified":"2022-02-23T23:57:51","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T23:57:51","slug":"mekong-cuu-long-2011-nhin-xa-nua-the-ky-toi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/18216\/mekong-cuu-long-2011-nhin-xa-nua-the-ky-toi","title":{"rendered":"MEKONG-C\u1eecU LONG 2011 NHÌN XA N\u1eecA TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 T\u1edaI"},"content":{"rendered":"

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D<\/i>\u1eaa<\/i>N NH<\/i>\u1eac<\/i>P: <\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n

V<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>y m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 54 n\u0103m k<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i> t<\/i>\u1eeb<\/i> ng\u00e0y Li\u00ean Hi<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i>p Qu<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>c khai sinh <\/i>\u1ee6<\/i>y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong [1957] v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 16 n\u0103m k<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i> t<\/i>\u1eeb<\/i> ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p <\/i>\u1ee6<\/i>y H<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>i S\u00f4ng Mekong[1995]. Trung Qu<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>c \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>p t<\/i>\u1ee5<\/i>c x\u00e2y nh<\/i>\u1eef<\/i>ng con \u0111<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p th<\/i>\u1ee7<\/i>y \u0111i<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i>n kh<\/i>\u1ed5<\/i>ng l<\/i>\u1ed3<\/i> ch<\/i>\u1eaf<\/i>n ngang d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh th<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3<\/i>ng ngu<\/i>\u1ed3<\/i>n s\u00f4ng Mekong, Th\u00e1i Lan c\u00f3 k<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i> ho<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>ch chuy<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>n d\u00f2ng l<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>y n<\/i>\u01b0\u1edb<\/i>c t<\/i>\u1eeb<\/i> s\u00f4ng Mekong, v\u00e0 nay l<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>i c\u00f3 th\u00eam d<\/i>\u1ef1<\/i> \u00e1n 12 con \u0111<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p h<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i> l<\/i>\u01b0<\/i>u.<\/i> <\/i><\/p>\n

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\u0110<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n nay 2011, Trung Qu<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>t 4 trong s<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i> 14 d<\/i>\u1ef1<\/i> \u00e1n \u0111<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p V\u00e2n Nam. Con \u0111<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p th<\/i>\u1ee9<\/i> 5 N<\/i>\u1ecd<\/i>a Tr\u00e1c \u0110<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i> \/ Nuozhado l<\/i>\u1edb<\/i>n nh<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>t c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3<\/i>c ti<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y c<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee9 6 C\u00f4ng Qu\u1ea3 Ki\u1ec1u \/ Gongguoqio. Sau con \u0111<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p Ti\u1ec3u Loan, ch<\/i>\u1ec9<\/i> trong v\u00f2ng 2 n\u0103m n<\/i>\u1eef<\/i>a, , khi con \u0111<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p N<\/i>\u1ecd<\/i>a Tr\u00e1c \u0110<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i> kh\u1ed5ng l<\/i>\u1ed3<\/i> ho\u00e0n t<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>t, c\u00f3 th<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i> n\u00f3i v<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i> t<\/i>\u1ed5<\/i>ng th<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i> Trung Qu<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>t k<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i> ho<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i>ch chu<\/i>\u1ed7<\/i>i \u0111<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p b<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>c th<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>m V\u00e2n Nam v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch<\/i>\u1ee7<\/i> d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mekong. <\/i><\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean su\u1ed1t d\u1ecdc chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i s\u00f4ng Mekong s\u1ebd ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. Tuy ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 4 con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u201cnh\u00e3n ti\u1ec1n\u201d: nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n l\u0169 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong M\u00f9a M\u01b0a, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng trong M\u00f9a Kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. Ng\u00f3t 70 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n trong L\u01b0u v\u1ef1c S\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 20 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0110BSCL \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n?<\/i><\/p>\n

\u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong \/ MRC \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Mekong kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a MRC l\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh.<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ebf Vinh, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n Mekong D\u00f2ng S\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ebdn M\u1ea1ch .<\/i><\/p>\n

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\"14_dap_VanNam\"<\/b><\/p>\n

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GI\u1ea4C M<\/b>\u1ed8<\/b>NG L\u1edaN KH\u00d4NG TH\u00c0NH <\/b><\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t s\u1edbm t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 40 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong. N\u0103m 1957, gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t \u1ee6y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong [Mekong River Committee] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp bao g\u1ed3m 4 n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o, Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Bangkok. Khi so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00f4ng Mekong, Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 chia L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c L\u1edbn s\u00f4ng Mekong [GMS, Greater Mekong Subregion] th\u00e0nh hai ti\u1ec3u l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi khu Tam Gi\u00e1c V\u00e0ng: <\/b><\/p>\n

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L<\/b>\u01b0<\/b>u V<\/b>\u1ef1<\/b>c Tr\u00ean (Upper Basin)<\/b> thu\u1ed9c V\u00e2n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

L<\/b>\u01b0<\/b>u V<\/b>\u1ef1<\/b>c D<\/b>\u01b0\u1edb<\/b>i (Lower Basin)<\/b> thu\u1ed9c 4 qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cGi\u1ea5c M\u1ed9ng L\u1edbn\u201d \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

[ Cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>t n<\/i>\u1eed<\/i>a chi<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>u d\u00e0i s\u00f4ng Mekong ch<\/i>\u1ea3<\/i>y qua V\u00e2n Nam nh<\/i>\u01b0<\/i>ng Trung Qu<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>c l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>t qu<\/i>\u1ed1<\/i>c gia kh\u00e9p k\u00edn v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3<\/i>c nh<\/i>\u1eaf<\/i>c t<\/i>\u1edb<\/i>i.]<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i, Chi\u1ebfn Tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng ra c\u1ea3 ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng qua h\u01a1n ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, n\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Pa Mong, Sambor, Khemmerat tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, khi\u1ebfn cho con s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

V\u1eaaN C\u00d2N NH<\/b>\u1eee<\/b>NG C\u00c1NH \u0110<\/b>\u1ed2<\/b>NG CH<\/b>\u1ebe<\/b>T<\/b><\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u0103m 1975, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean X\u1ee9 Ch\u00f9a Th\u00e1p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Cam B\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t \u1ee6y Ban Mekong L\u00e2m Th\u1eddi [Mekong Interim Committee] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp [1978], v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Th\u00e1i Lan c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mekong nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn b\u01a1m t\u01b0\u1edbi cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111i t\u1edbi ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong, vi\u1ec7n l\u00fd do l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong v\u00f9ng. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u1ee6y Ban Mekong L\u00e2m Th\u1eddi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

T\u1eea \u1ee6Y BAN 1957 T\u1edaI <\/b>\u1ee6<\/b>Y H<\/b>\u1ed8<\/b>I S\u00d4NG MEKONG 1995<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh, con s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau khai th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a 6 qu\u1ed1c gia trong to\u00e0n L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c L\u1edbn S\u00f4ng Mekong [GMS, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u V\u00f9ng S\u00f4ng Mekong M\u1edf R\u1ed9ng]. C\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ven s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p li\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1ee6y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 05 th\u00e1ng 04 n\u0103m 1995, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 4 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean g\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Chiang Rai, b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng k\u00fd k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u201cHi<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i>p <\/i>\u01af\u1edb<\/i>c H<\/i>\u1ee3<\/i>p T\u00e1c Ph\u00e1t Tri<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>n B<\/i>\u1ec1<\/i>n V<\/i>\u1eef<\/i>ng H<\/i>\u1ea1<\/i> L<\/i>\u01b0<\/i>u S\u00f4ng Mekong\u201d<\/i> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u1ed9t t\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong [Mekong River Commission] v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong Hi\u1ec7p \u01af\u1edbc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u2013 thay v\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean trong \u1ee6y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong \u2013 th\u00ec nay, theo n\u1ed9i quy m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong g\u1ed3m 3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u: [1] H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ea1i Di\u1ec7n [c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng], [2] \u1ee6y Ban H\u1ed7n H\u1ee3p, [3] V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ef1c. Nay c\u00f3 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m (3):<\/p>\n

_ Ba Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh N\u00f2ng C\u1ed1t [core programmes]: (a) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng N\u01b0\u1edbc, (b) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c, (c) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

_ N\u0103m Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Khu V\u1ef1c [5 sector]: 1\/ Canh N\u00f4ng, 2\/ Th\u1ee7y L\u00e2m, 3\/ Ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p, 4\/ Giao Th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 5\/ Du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

_ M\u1ed9t Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Y\u1ec3m Tr\u1ee3 [Capacity Building Programme]<\/p>\n

\u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ed9i t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia. Sau 16 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng [1995-2011], \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn chia x\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa 4 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cm\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi internet\u201d ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n l\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y M\u00f9a Kh\u00f4; v\u00e0 k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc [th\u00e1ng 4, 2002] nh\u1eb1m trao \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee7y v\u0103n v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v.v. Nh\u00ecn chung, th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i sinh.<\/p>\n

L\u01afU V\u1ef0C TR\u00caN \u2013 LANCANG NGH<\/b>\u1ebc<\/b>N M<\/b>\u1ea0<\/b>CH<\/b><\/p>\n

Lancang Jiang \/ s\u00f4ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong thu\u1ed9c L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c Tr\u00ean [Upper Basin]. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n s\u00f4ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y 14 con \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m V\u00e2n Nam c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70. Trong h\u01a1n ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u00e0o \u1ea1t khai th\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u1eafn ngang d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Tuy ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 4 con \u0111\u1eadp ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t [M\u1ea1n Loan \/ Manwan 1,500 MW, \u0110\u1ea1i Chi\u1ebfu S\u01a1n \/ Dachaoshan 1350 MW, C\u1ea3nh H\u1ed3ng \/ Jinhong1,350 MW, Ti\u1ec3u Loan \/ Xiaowan 4,200 MW] trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n M\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed1n Con \u0110\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam, v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd trong M\u00f9a Kh\u00f4, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc con s\u00f4ng Mekong l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. [H\u00ecnh 1]<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 tr\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1y. Ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec \u201cthi\u1ebfu m\u01b0a\u201d, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng n\u0103m 1993 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o M\u00f9a Kh\u00f4, tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n M\u1ea1n Loan ngang d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho 4 \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c c\u1eeda \u0111\u1eadp khi\u1ebfn m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 chu k\u1ef3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Odd Bootha 38 tu\u1ed5i, anh l\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2 b\u1ebfn Chiang Khong B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i than th\u1edf: \u201cN\u1ebfu Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee9 x\u00e2y th\u00eam \u0111\u1eadp th\u00ec s\u00f4ng Mekong ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con l\u1ea1ch.\u201d<\/p>\n

Chainarong Sretthachau, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c M\u1ea1ng L\u01b0\u1edbi S\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 [Southeast Asia Rivers Network] cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mekong.\u201d (2)<\/p>\n

Do nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u0103ng 5-6% \/n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd d\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc hay ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Tyson Roberts thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1edbi Smithsonian [M\u1ef9] \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cX\u00e2y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, khai th\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ed9, v\u1edbi t\u00e0u b\u00e8 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng… C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc khai th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m suy tho\u00e1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i, khi\u1ebfn con s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111ang ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n.\u201d (3)<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi Cam B\u1ed1t, tr\u00e1i tim Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eadp khi con s\u00f4ng Tonle Sap c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y hai chi\u1ec1u theo m\u00f9a. Trong M\u00f9a M\u01b0a, s\u00f4ng Mekong ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n\u201d cho ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u1ef1a l\u00faa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 Ch\u00f9a Th\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u00e0o cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2005, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bay sang d\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ec9nh C\u00f4n Minh, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Hun Sen \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 B\u1eafc Kinh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c s\u00f4ng Mekong, cho d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn quan ng\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i sinh. [AFP, 6\/29\/2005]<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i, th\u00e1ng 11, 2010, sau H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ec9nh ACMECS \u1edf Nam Vang, <\/b>\u00f4ng Hun Sen l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u00f4ng Mekong. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh chu k\u1ef3 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t hay h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \/ climate change v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon \/ carbon emissions ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec t\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. [The Phnom Penh Post, Nov 17, 2010]<\/i><\/p>\n

Trong khi ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 uy t\u00edn Trung Qu\u1ed1c, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u1ea7n Huy \/ Qin Hui thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc danh ti\u1ebfng Thanh Hoa \/ Tsinghua B\u1eafc Kinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng x\u1eed thi\u1ebfu trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam: \u201cB\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 14% l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed5 ra Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u Loan \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 70% dung t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 TQ \u2013 v\u00e0 dung t\u00edch \u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng t\u1edbi 90% khi con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee9 n\u0103m N\u1ecda Tr\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c TQ l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi 3 h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong.\u201d (9)<\/p>\n

Cho d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111ang kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t xa, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i sinh Cao Nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb. (8) T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 C\u1ef1c Th\u1ee9 Ba \/ Third Pole c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n

CON \u0110\u1eacP M\u1eb8 TI\u1ec2U LOAN<\/b><\/p>\n

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Con \u0111\u1eadp v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u Loan\/ Xiaowan ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai sau con \u0111\u1eadp Tam H\u1ee3p\/ Three Gorges Dam l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed. (1)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai con \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong chu\u1ed7i 14 con \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m V\u00e2n Nam [Mekong Cascades] c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u Loan c\u00f3 4 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u1edbi 4,200 MW [g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba con \u0111\u1eadp M\u1ea1n Loan, \u0110\u1ea1i Chi\u1ebfu S\u01a1n v\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh H\u1ed3ng]. [H\u00ecnh 1]<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u Loan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai con kh\u1ee7ng long tr\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Mekong, l\u00e0 con \u201c\u0111\u1eadp cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d 292 m\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p Eiffel. H\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u Loan nh\u01b0 \u201cCon \u0110\u1eadp M\u1eb9 \/ Mother Dam\u201d c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 169 km, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi 190 km2, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 15 t\u1ec9 m3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb con s\u00f4ng Mekong. T\u1ed5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u Loan l\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 4 t\u1ec9 $US. \u0110\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u Loan \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010. Ti\u1ec3u Loan n\u1eb1m trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 d\u01b0 d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 C\u00f4n Minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 V\u00e2n Nam v\u00e0 nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n sang c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u1eadn duy\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u1ed1i xa t\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

TH\u00caM CON \u0110\u1eacP KH\u1ed4NG L\u1ed2 L\u1edaN NH\u1ea4T N\u1eccA TR\u00c1C \u0110\u1ed8 <\/b><\/p>\n

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Kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u201cCon \u0110\u1eadp M\u1eb9\u201d Ti\u1ec3u Loan, con \u0111\u1eadp N\u1ecda Tr\u1eafc \u0110\u1ed9 \/ Nuozhadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb 2006, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa 24,000 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi khu x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp. H\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1eadp N\u1ecda Tr\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 226 km, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a l\u00ean t\u1edbi 22 t\u1ec9 m3, [Ti\u1ec3u Loan 15 t\u1ec9 m3]; 30 l\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1eadp Tokuyama l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u1edbi 9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u1edbi 5,850 MW, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 5 l\u00f2 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn \/ 5 large nuclear reactors. [Chinese dam projects raise alarm in Asia_ theo Asahi Shimbun, 16\/08\/2010] <\/i><\/p>\n

N\u1ecda Tr\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9 tuy kh\u00f4ng cao [261.5 m] nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u Loan [293 m] nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201ccon \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t\u201d tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong. Theo Fred Pearce, sau \u0111\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u Loan, v\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp N\u1ecda Tr\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, s\u00f4ng Mekong s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. [Damming the Mekong: Major blow to an Epic River, Yale Environment 360, 22 June 2009]<\/i><\/p>\n

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Theo Hirsch, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00f4ng Mekong thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sydney th\u00ec: \u201cHai con \u0111\u1eadp kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 Ti\u1ec3u Loan v\u00e0 N\u1ecda Tr\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi t\u1eadn \u0110BSCL c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\u201d<\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG T<\/b>\u1ed4<\/b>N TH<\/b>\u1ea4<\/b>T KH\u00c1C T\u1eea PH\u01af\u01a0NG B\u1eaeC<\/b><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u0103n s\u00f4ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp, chuy\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c Tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t M6 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra g\u1ea7n n\u01a1i x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u Loan.<\/p>\n

Hiroshi Hori l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c trong \u1ee6y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong, l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch The Mekong: Environment and Development [United Nations University Press, Tokyo 2000], \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cL<\/i>\u01b0<\/i>u V<\/i>\u1ef1<\/i>c Tr\u00ean c<\/i>\u1ee7<\/i>a s\u00f4ng Mekong l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>ng \u0111<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>t, v<\/i>\u1edb<\/i>i nh<\/i>\u1eef<\/i>ng chuy<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i>n \u0111<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>ng \u0111<\/i>\u1ecb<\/i>a ch<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>n \u0111\u00e1ng k<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i> khi<\/i>\u1ebf<\/i>n ng<\/i>\u01b0\u1edd<\/i>i ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111<\/i>\u1ec3<\/i> s<\/i>\u1ee3<\/i> r<\/i>\u1eb1<\/i>ng \u0111<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i>ng \u0111<\/i>\u1ea5<\/i>t s<\/i>\u1ebd<\/i> x<\/i>\u1ea3<\/i>y ra khi x\u00e2y nh<\/i>\u1eef<\/i>ng con \u0111<\/i>\u1ead<\/i>p.\u201d <\/i>(6) Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia m\u00f4i sinh Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e0y. (10)<\/p>\n

Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 500 t\u1edbi 700 t\u1ea5n ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb giang c\u1ea3ng T\u01b0 Mao \/ Simao V\u00e2n Nam xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi Chiang Khong, Chiang Sean Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1edbi t\u1eadn Luang Prabang v\u00e0 V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 s\u1ebd ch\u1edf nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cD<\/i>\u1ef1<\/i> \u00c1n C<\/i>\u1ea3<\/i>i Thi<\/i>\u1ec7<\/i>n Th<\/i>\u1ee7<\/i>y L<\/i>\u1ed9<\/i> Th<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3<\/i>ng Ngu<\/i>\u1ed3<\/i>n S\u00f4ng Mekong \/ Navigation Channel Improvement Project on the Upper Mekong River\u201d<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 04 n\u0103m 2001 gi\u1eefa 4 n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 L\u00e0o (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 \/ dynamite ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00ean 21 \u0111o\u1ea1n gh\u1ec1nh th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mekong t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi L\u00e0o. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u v\u00e9t [backhoe] d\u1ed3n xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u2013 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u201cs\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1 gh\u1ec1nh th\u00e1c ngay b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y h\u1ecdc, khi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y nhanh v\u00e0 si\u1ebft h\u01a1n, g\u00e2y s\u1ee5p l\u1edf b\u1edd s\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hoa m\u00e0u tr\u1ed3ng ven s\u00f4ng, g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi tr\u00ean sinh c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 L\u00e0o, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf xa d\u01b0\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

L\u01afU V\u1ef0C D\u01af\u1edaI \u2013 TH\u00c1I LAN CHUY<\/b>\u1ec2<\/b>N D\u00d2NG <\/b><\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t s\u1edbm t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90, Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb con S\u00f4ng M\u1eb9 \/ Mae Nam Khong [t\u00ean L\u00e0o Th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong] .<\/p>\n

_ D\u1ef1 \u00e1n KONG-CHI-MUN:<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb 1992, Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn th\u1ee7y l\u1edbn lao v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n ph\u00ed l\u00ean t\u1edbi 4 t\u1ec9 M\u1ef9 kim nh\u1eb1m l\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng Mekong g\u1ea7n Nong Khai \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean hai con s\u00f4ng Chi v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Mun qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \/ aqueduct kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 d\u00e0i 200 km. N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Mekong s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u201cc\u1ee9u h\u1ea1n\u201d nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u1eb1m trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c hai con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y.(6)<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n KCM, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u00f4ng Mekong, n\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng. L\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i, v\u00ec k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn con s\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i giao th\u00f4ng. B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00f4i sinh Cam B\u1ed1t, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Mak Moreth \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng do d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lan c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u00f4ng Mekong n\u01a1i h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. (6)<\/p>\n

_ D\u1ef1 \u00e1n KOK-ING-NAN:<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 hai n\u0103m sau, t\u1eeb 1994, Th\u00e1i Lan c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai: D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Kok-Ing-Nan, l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb hai ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Mekong l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Kok v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Ing v\u00f9ng Chiang Rai b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i. (7) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, t\u1ed5n ph\u00ed l\u00ean t\u1edbi 1.5 t\u1ec9 M\u1ef9 kim, nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb hai ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u cho ch\u1ea3y qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m \/ tunnels kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 100 km v\u00e0o con s\u00f4ng Nan [s\u00f4ng Nan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Chao Phraya]. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb hai con s\u00f4ng Kok v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Ing c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp cho con \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn Sirikit, quanh n\u0103m thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a Sirikit kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng bao la v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 S\u00f4ng Chao Phraya \u0111ang b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cung \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c khu k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 10 tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Bangkok.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng cho d\u00f9 ba n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n bang c\u00f3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u00ec Th\u00e1i Lan c\u0169ng v\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

L\u01afU V\u1ef0C D\u01af\u1edaI \u2013 TH\u00caM 12 CON \u0110\u1eacP MEKONG<\/b><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1eafn ngang s\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00f9ng H\u1ea1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u1ee6y Ban S\u00f4ng Mekong. C\u0169ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan tham v\u1ea5n Canada v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Ban Th\u01b0 K\u00fd S\u00f4ng Mekong \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1994. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1ea5y b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c l\u1ea1i v\u00ec qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 do m\u1ed1i e ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean m\u00f4i sinh.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2006, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Th\u00e1i Lan, M\u00e3 Lai v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a 6 con \u0111\u1eadp sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 11 r\u1ed3i 12 con \u201c\u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \/ run-of-river\u201d thu\u1ed9c L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u1edbi; th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 11 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u1eafc xu\u1ed1ng nam:<\/p>\n

1\/ \u0110\u1eadp Pak Beng, L\u00e0o 1,320 MW; b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n: c\u00f4ng ty \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d Datang International Power Generation Co. v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

2\/ \u0110\u1eadp Luang Prabang, L\u00e0o 1,410 MW; b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi Petrovietnam Power Co. v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

3\/ \u0110\u1eadp Xayabouri, L\u00e0o, 1.260 MW, t\u1ec9nh Xayabouri, L\u00e0o; b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ty Th\u00e1i Lan Karnchang v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

4\/ \u0110\u1eadp Pak Lay, L\u00e0o, 1,320 MW t\u1ec9nh Xayaburi; b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ty \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d Sinohydro Co. th\u00e1ng 6, 2007 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

5\/ \u0110\u1eadp Xanakham, L\u00e0o, 1,000MW; b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ty \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d Datang International Power Generation Co.<\/p>\n

6\/ \u0110\u1eadp Pak Chom, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi L\u00e0o Th\u00e1i, 1,079 MW<\/p>\n

7\/ \u0110\u1eadp Ban Koum, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi L\u00e0o Th\u00e1i, 2,230 MW, t\u1ec9nh Ubon Ratchathani; b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi Italian-Thai Development Co., Ltd v\u00e0 Asia Corp Holdings Ltd. v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

8\/ \u0110\u1eadp Lat Sua, L\u00e0o, 800 MW; b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi Charoen Energy and Water Asia Co. Ltd. \/Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 L\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

9\/ \u0110\u1eadp Don Sahong 360 MW, t\u1ec9nh Champasak, L\u00e0o: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ty M\u00e3 Lai Mega First Berhad Co.<\/p>\n

10\/ \u0110\u1eadp Stung Treng, Cam B\u1ed1t, 980 MW; b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 Nga<\/p>\n

11\/ \u0110\u1eadp Sambor, Cam B\u1ed1t; b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ty \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d\/ China Southern Power Grid Co.\/ CSGP.<\/p>\n

B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu 14 con \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m V\u00e2n Nam thu\u1ed9c L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c Tr\u00ean, nay l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00eam n\u01a1i trong 4 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c H\u1ea1 L\u01b0u. Ri\u00eang Vi\u1ec7t Nam do ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp Luang Prabang 1,410 MW. V\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a theo \u201cti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i \u1ea5y \/ double standard\u201d, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n k\u00eau ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadp Mekong \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

\u1ee6Y H\u1ed8I S\u00d4NG MEKONG THI\u1ebeU TR\u00c1CH NHI\u1ec6M<\/b><\/p>\n

Do nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i sinh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng con \u0111\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i sinh l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng, n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mekong. <\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh MRC \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n H\u1ea1 L\u01b0u. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf MRC \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o g\u00ec cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ven s\u00f4ng m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3m nguy c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u0169u \u00edch g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng S\u00f4ng Mekong?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i sinh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y. \u201c\u1ee6y H\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0,\u201d<\/i> Surichai Wankaew, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chulalongkorn, Th\u00e1i Lan n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp \u201cNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thay v\u00ec \u2018t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn\/ facilitation\u2019 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp, th\u00ec nay ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u2018di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \/ platform\u2019 cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. C\u0169ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 200 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4i sinh t\u1eeb 30 qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0ng ngay c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ng th\u01b0 g\u1eedi \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong v\u00e0 c\u00e1c C\u01a1 quan T\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Siem Reap v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15\/11\/2007: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n vi\u1ebft l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp trong v\u00f9ng H\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Mekong, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc Mekong 1995 trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

L\u1ebd ra \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 im l\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Th\u00e1i Lan, M\u00e3 Lai v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u00edt quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean sinh c\u1ea3nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ven s\u00f4ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i di d\u1eddi t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Mekong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con S\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf, v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng chia x\u1ebb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t hay m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Siem Reap th\u00e1ng 11\/2007 v\u1edbi tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a MRC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 bao g\u1ed3m: Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \/WB, Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u\/ ADB, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 \u00dac, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, H\u00f2a Lan, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o MRC v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1: (a) s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u MRC, (b) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a MRC \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c khai th\u00e1c th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n\u2026<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tham kh\u1ea3o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong v\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MRC cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o\/ notification, tr\u01b0\u1edbc giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc\u201d.<\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i sinh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 Cam B\u1ed1t [r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam], \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u201cC\u01a1 Quan T\u00e0i Tr\u1ee3 X\u00e2y \u0110\u1eadp\u201d \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ADB\/ Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, WB\/ Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f9n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u1eafng nghe.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed8T TI\u1ebeN TR\u00ccNH KH\u00d4NG TH\u1ec2 \u0110\u1ea2O NGH\u1ecaCH<\/b><\/p>\n

X\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp hay kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian? R\u1ed3i ra c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, do s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1edbi x\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t cao, l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i 12 con \u0111\u1eadp L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Mekong s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n, mau hay ch\u1eadm c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t trong v\u00f2ng n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. Ri\u00eang L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c Tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 14 con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 24 con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh s\u00f4ng Mekong. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ngh\u1ecbch. C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao khai th\u00e1c th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u00f4ng Mekong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \/ sustainable hydropower development,<\/b> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong khi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia trong L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang n\u01a1i L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u1edbi, n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o c\u1ea7n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m tho\u00e1t ra c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3. Xayaburi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 M\u00f4i sinh Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \/ SEA \/ Strategic Environment Assessment khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o l\u00e0 n\u00ean ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. Th\u00e1i Lan th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4i sinh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. Cam B\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Hun Sen, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4i sinh, n\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi 2 con \u0111\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh Sambor v\u00e0 Stung Treng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long v\u1edbi S\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n S\u00f4ng H\u1eadu tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u l\u1edbn s\u00f4ng Mekong nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eadp Yali [Gia Lai-Kontum] tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Se San, v\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1eadp Se San 2, Stung Treng tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Cam B\u1ed1t. [VNEconomyNews.com]<\/p>\n

NH\u00ccN XA H\u01a0N N\u1eecA TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 T\u1edaI <\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 qua th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tham c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i phong ph\u00fa nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u01b0 l\u00e0 mong manh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec7u ai s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u201cduy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u\u201d c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o \u0110BSCL? C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh trong m\u00f9a l\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb con s\u00f4ng Tonle Sap v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Cam B\u1ed1t. V\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eefu danh v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c? B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t think tank \/ m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c uy t\u00edn c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u1ee6y Ban t\u1edbi \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn l\u00e0 hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi 4 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c D\u01b0\u1edbi S\u00f4ng Mekong. Nay v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c v\u0129 m\u00f4 lan r\u1ed9ng su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i s\u00f4ng Mekong tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201cd\u00f9ng th\u00fang \u00fap voi\u201d: con voi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang c\u00f3 manh nha m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Sinh Th\u00e1i Vi\u1ec7t: ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t T\u1ed5 Ch\u1ee9c Lancang-Mekong m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: LMRC \/ Lancang-Mekong River Commission v\u1edbi 6 qu\u1ed1c gia bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Myanmar v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 m\u1edbi trong \u201cTinh Th\u1ea7n S\u00f4ng Mekong\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi ph\u00eda. B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c S\u00f4ng Mekong cho d\u00f9 v\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m n\u1eeda chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng Lancang-Mekong th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u nguy c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi, th\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa, con S\u00f4ng Mekong-C\u1eedu Long, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee7y l\u1ed9 giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng r\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed2NG TH\u00c1P M\u01af\u1edcI, \u0110\u1ed2NG C\u00c0 MAU V\u00c0 M\u1ed8T XA L\u1ed8 BI\u1ec2N \u0110\u00d4NG<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u201cl\u00e0m ch\u01a1i \u0103n thi\u1ec7t\u201d n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u1eeda sau c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ef1a l\u00faa cho c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, S\u00f4ng Ti\u1ec1n S\u00f4ng H\u1eadu s\u1ebd l\u00e0 hai con s\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt do nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n do Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng d\u00e2ng cao, v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t N\u1ec1n V\u0103n Minh Mi\u1ec7t V\u01b0\u1eddn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0, l\u00e0m g\u00ec? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec t\u1eeb H\u00f2a Lan V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t Th\u1ea5p t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1eadp nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u0103n m\u1eb7n t\u1eeb B\u1eafc H\u1ea3i, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u0103n l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 C\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh M\u1ef9 \/ American Society of Civil Engineers \u0111\u00e3 vinh danh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a Lan nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong B\u1ea3y K\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec t\u1eeb Con \u0110\u00ea Bi\u1ec3n Saemageum d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i, ch\u1eafn ngang hai c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Dongjin v\u00e0 Manggyeong. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb 1991 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 2010, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 t\u00edch t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \/ land reclamation l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Zuiderzee c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a Lan.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a hai d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t \u00c2u m\u1ed9t \u00c1 \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn\u201d c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, trong nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Trong hai b\u00e0i t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u1ee3i \u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd b\u00e0n t\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long v\u1edbi hai v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00e0 Mau nh\u01b0 hai h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt l\u1edbn (11); v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u00ea bi\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n m\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Xa L\u1ed9 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

NG\u00d4 TH\u1ebe VINH<\/p>\n

California, 11-01-2011<\/p>\n

[Source: http\/\/www.vietecology.org]<\/p>\n

Tham kh<\/i><\/b>\u1ea3<\/i><\/b>o:<\/i><\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

1\/ Progress In Water Management at the Mekong River Ba\u00adsin, MRC Presentation at Third WWF, INBO Official Session, Mar 20, 2004<\/i><\/p>\n

2\/ Mekong River At Risk, Barry Wain, FEER, Aug 26, 2004<\/i><\/p>\n

3\/ Chinese Dam Project may spell disaster for mighty Mekong river, Denis Gray, Nov 2, 2002, (AP)<\/i><\/p>\n

4\/ Hunsen backed China\u2019s often-criticized development plans for the Mekong river Phnom Penh, Jun 29, 2005, (AFP)<\/i><\/p>\n

5\/ Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao opened the Second Greater Mekong Subregion Summit, Beijing, Jul 4, 2005, (AFP) <\/i><\/p>\n

6\/ The Mekong, Environment and Development, Hiroshi Hori, United nations, University Press, Tokyo 2000<\/i><\/p>\n

7\/ Kok-Ing-Nan Water Diversion Project, Mekong Watch: Japanese ODA to Thailand,FY 2001<\/i><\/p>\n

8\/ Dalai Lama says prioritise climate change over politics in Tibet; Guardian.co.uk_ The US Embassy cables 10 August 2009<\/i><\/p>\n

9\/ On the Mekong, a better way. Qin Hui, Economic Observer. Where China and the World Discuss the Environment. December 25, 2010. <\/i><\/p>\n

10\/ Chinese environmentalists and scholars appeal for dam safety assessments in geologically unstable south-west China,, <\/i>https:\/\/probeinternational.org\/referenced\/chinese-environmentalists-and-scholars-appeal-dam-safety-assessments-geologically-unstabl<\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n

11\/ V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t Ng\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u01b0\u01a1n Phi\u00eau, Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 21 s\u1ed1 219, July 2007<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh, con s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau khai th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a 6 qu\u1ed1c gia trong to\u00e0n L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c L\u1edbn S\u00f4ng Mekong [GMS, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u V\u00f9ng S\u00f4ng Mekong M\u1edf R\u1ed9ng]. C\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ven s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1233,"featured_media":18224,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[171,5,9],"tags":[316,313,314],"class_list":["post-18216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ban-tron-kinh-te","category-bien-khao","category-nghien-cuu","tag-cuu-long","tag-mekong","tag-ngo-the-vinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1233"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18216"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71529,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18216\/revisions\/71529"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}