{"id":16536,"date":"2010-10-26T00:04:00","date_gmt":"2010-10-26T00:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/16536"},"modified":"2022-02-23T11:05:36","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T11:05:36","slug":"so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-xv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/16536\/so-thao-bai-su-khac-cho-viet-nam-chuong-xv","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 th\u1ea3o: B&agrave;i S\u1eed Kh\u00e1c cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam &ndash; Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XV"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><em>CH\u01af\u01a0NG XV:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG X\u1ee8 S\u1ede M\u1edaI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#160;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh v\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 ghi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb khi chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y 13-6-1801 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh 20-7-1802: \u201cGi\u1eb7c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n d\u1eb9p y\u00ean, l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t An Nam, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&#8230; tr\u1ea5n.., ph\u1ee7&#8230;\u201d S\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 che l\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00edu k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. T\u00e2y S\u01a1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea ngo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00f4i ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c. V\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, khi thu ph\u1ee5c kinh th\u00e0nh c\u0169, gi\u1ebft k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u0169ng coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cph\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c\u201d khi loan b\u00e1o cho d\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 nh\u1eafn qua Xi\u00eam La, r\u1eb1ng \u201cqu\u00e2n vua k\u00e9o t\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1ebft b\u1edd c\u00f5i Nam H\u00e0\u201d. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, l\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd hang \u1ed5 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 di\u1ec7t t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh l\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea, ch\u1ee7 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc An Nam\u201d. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4i th\u00fac l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh danh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d trong \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n qua s\u00f4ng Gianh l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u00ed l\u1ebd nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Cho n\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nghe l\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 Quang To\u1ea3n y\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u, t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean v\u1ea1ch ranh gi\u1edbi Trong\/Ngo\u00e0i c\u0169.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc ph\u1ea1t, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u00f2n ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i ra m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfp sau c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd: \u201cB\u1eafc H\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u00ea.., sau khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 L\u00ea s\u1ebd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 danh ngh\u0129a xa v\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a phe m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng: \u201cL\u1ea5y B\u1eafc H\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ch\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y g\u00ec c\u1ee7a L\u00ea?\u201d Danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ra cho n\u00ean, theo h\u1ecd, mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu g\u00ec v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a L\u00ea th\u00ec h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u0103t d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169. \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 xoay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f2i \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129\u201d v\u00ec theo \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cvi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn\u201d qu\u00e1. Cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebb thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea9y, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1eeda v\u1eddi: \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Gia Long m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng quen thu\u1ed9c trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169: <em>c\u1ea7u phong. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u m\u1edbi t\u1eeb t\u00ean mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3: Nam Vi\u1ec7t, qua t\u00ean tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng: Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i, c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u &#8211; phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ngo\u1ea1i giao ranh ma. S\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111i Thanh \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i 200 n\u0103m\u201d, t\u1eeb \u00f4ng cha Gia Long trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh chinh ph\u1ee5c hai v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n ghi trong s\u00e1ch s\u1eed: Vi\u1ec7t Th\u01b0\u1eddng (L\u00e2m \u1ea4p \/ Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh) v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c g\u00ec v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c c\u0169. Tuy nhi\u00ean sao c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng chen v\u00e0o trong \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a Gia Long khi \u00f4ng l\u1ea7n l\u1eefa v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 nh\u1eafc chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Tri\u1ec7u V\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110inh L\u00ea L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ebf\u201d? \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Gia Long t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean c\u00e1o chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Thi N\u1ea1i, thu ph\u1ee5c Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nam bi\u1ebft. Nay v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm B\u1eafc H\u00e0, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u1ed1n s\u1ee3 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n t\u1eeb tr\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, \u0111\u00e3 \u201cl\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kinh d\u1ecb\u201d khi nghe qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1eafng. Cho n\u00ean khi nghe tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Thanh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi v\u00ec tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 x\u01b0a th\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00ean gi\u1ecdng: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng xin phong\u201d. S\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a Thanh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Gia Long ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha l\u00fac mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u phong (Chu Thu\u1ea5n Thu\u1ef7 v\u1edbi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n, Th\u1ea1ch Li\u00eam Ho\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00faa) Gia Long bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u0169, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi l\u1ec5 g\u00f3i tr\u1ecdn n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u00f4i. \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m trong tay c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u0129 B\u1eafc H\u00e0, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u1ea7n h\u1ecd, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd tha c\u00e1c s\u1ee7ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Quang Trung: Phan Huy \u00cdch, Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Phan, Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 moi m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ngay, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u00fd ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Gia Long, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00faa, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u1eedng l\u01a1: \u201cChuy\u1ec7n (ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn s\u1eafc phong \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi) \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3\u201d. S\u1ef1 nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfn cho Gia Long ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb1n n\u00e9n trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam n\u00e0y gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 An Nam c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ban c\u1ea5p, hay l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam H\u00e1n bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh danh tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1ea1i giao.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c ra h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 tin v\u00e0o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a <em>D\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed <\/em>l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00ean Nam Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00e0 b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 ho\u00e1 l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc trong kh\u1ea9u ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n L\u00ea. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i theo s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u0103n ph\u00e1p H\u00e1n\/Vi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\/xu\u00f4i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, Nam Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u1ec3 Minh M\u1ea1ng (4\u00e2l. 1836) g\u1ee3i t\u1eeb k\u00ed \u1ee9c, v\u00e0 Gia Long c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u201ckh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c danh hi\u1ec7u c\u0169\u201d khi \u0111\u00e3 \u201cv\u1ed7 y\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Vi\u1ec7t\u201d. S\u1ef1 d\u00e0n ho\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf: ai c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea5y. \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d c\u1ee7a Thanh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u2018L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba\u2019\u201d, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi Gia Long th\u00ec do l\u1ebd d\u1eabn tr\u00ean, t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 C\u00e0n Long l\u1ea1i ch\u00eam th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ph\u1ec9nh n\u1ecbnh phi\u00ean th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi: Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi bao g\u1ed3m Vi\u1ec7t (Th\u01b0\u1eddng) v\u00e0 (An) Nam, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Gia Long tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn \u00f4ng cha \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang th\u00eam v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 L\u00ea do ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng th\u00e2u \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 khi v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Kinh s\u01b0, ng\u00e0y 17-2\u00e2l. (1803) tuy\u00ean c\u00e1o cho d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho Xi\u00eam La, L\u1eef T\u1ed1ng, cho thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p, V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quen x\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u c\u0169 l\u00e0 An Nam n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Danh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ba n\u0103m sau, Gia Long m\u1edbi x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u. T\u1ea1i sao? Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec <em>Di ch\u1ee9ng s\u00f4ng Gianh <\/em>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1ed1i cao, \u0111\u01b0a t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh khi ra qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o l\u1ea1y ch\u00e0o vua v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu khi\u1ebfn cho \u00f4ng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh: V\u00f5 V\u0103n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 Tri\u1ec7u C\u00e1i nu\u00f4i T\u1ed1ng Giang Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 V\u00f5 T\u00e1nh, ph\u1ea3i c\u1eb1n nh\u1eb1n: \u201cAi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0!\u201d Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang cho nhu c\u1ea7u tranh chi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n khi v\u00f9ng l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd t\u1eebng ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay bao n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch, m\u00e0 th\u00eam c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c, t\u1eebng gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean-tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n cho c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi r\u1ea5t xa.<\/p>\n<p>Chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh c\u00f3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 theo n\u1ebfp c\u0169 c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Dinh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c L\u01b0u th\u1ee7, Cai b\u1ea1, K\u00ed l\u1ee5c coi s\u00f3c. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111i theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u0169, c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi, hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 c\u00f2n tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng vu\u1ed9t kh\u1ecfi tay. V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed5i thay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng quan t\u1eeb h\u00e0n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n lo toan (cu\u1ed1i 1801) \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cvi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e2u d\u00e0i&#8230; xin s\u1eafc cho b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i t\u00ecm t\u00f2i \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0169, ch\u00e2m ch\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c&#8230;\u201d V\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c Dinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong thu\u1ed9c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ee9c L\u01b0u th\u1ee7 (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh) ch\u1ec9 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u00ean quan sai ph\u00e1i t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i vi\u00ean h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u2013 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1801 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u201cchi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169\u201d nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbch: \u201cD\u00e2n Nam H\u00e0 v\u1ed1n th\u00f3i t\u1eb1n ti\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ngu\u1ef5 T\u00e2y quen chu\u1ed9ng xa x\u00ed, ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9&#8230; l\u01b0u t\u1ec7 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y sinh ra\u201d. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n, b\u1eb1ng binh l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, nh\u01b0 \u00fd c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7t tinh binh d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng coi s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi trong khi ch\u1edd l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng xa. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n, ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n \u201cl\u1ea5y h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t An Nam\u201d c\u1ee7a L\u00ea, n\u01a1i d\u00f9 v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng danh ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n tr\u1ea5n, 47 ph\u1ee7, 187 huy\u1ec7n, 40 ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ri\u00eang, m\u1ed9t B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean giao cho Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdt trung \u01b0\u01a1ng thu nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi ba c\u01a1 quan g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e0o: H\u1ed9, Binh, H\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2u sau. Danh v\u1ecb \u201ctr\u1ea5n\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, quan v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n.<em> <\/em>L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra vi\u1ec7c \u201ct\u00e1i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n\u201d nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau v\u00f5 bi\u1ec1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb (\u0111\u1ea7u 1807): \u201cXin \u0111\u1eb7t kinh di\u00ean, m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y 2, 12, 22 th\u00ec c\u00f3 quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ch\u201d. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c quan v\u0103n v\u00f5 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tam ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe gi\u1ea3ng\u201d nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Vua h\u1ecdc, quan h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qu\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1808 c\u00e1c Dinh \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Tr\u1ea5n, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u201cTh\u00e0nh\u201d nh\u01b0 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eeda n\u0103m sau l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n trao cho L\u01b0u th\u1ee7 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nh\u00e2n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng coi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc ph\u1ea1t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Dinh \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c, l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng thay l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng B\u1eafc, Trung, Nam K\u00ec sau n\u00e0y: B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh 11 tr\u1ea5n n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u00e0nh 5 tr\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea5n Thanh Ho\u00e1 (n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i), Ngh\u1ec7 An, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, B\u00ecnh (Kh\u00e1nh) Ho\u00e0, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, v\u1edbi 4 Dinh c\u1ee7a Kinh K\u00ec (Tr\u1ef1c L\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam).<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1eadp trung \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t (m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 1804) cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 L\u1ee5c B\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 cu\u1ed1i 1809, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \/ Th\u1eeba t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 Ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a Gia Long v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i theo v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng chia x\u1ebb. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quan ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd vua, c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng chung l\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec r\u00f5 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c binh b\u1ecb, chinh ph\u1ea1t, c\u00e1c v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng do nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1n b\u00e0n t\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t, tuy l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10\u00e2l. 1810 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ea1 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh tr\u1edf ra B\u1eafc, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chi li l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft (1820), Gia Long c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft s\u1ed1 \u0111inh \u0111i\u1ec1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean l\u00ed, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh. D\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng, k\u1ebdm th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd kim b\u1ea1c, v\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e2n l\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ngang gi\u00e1 trong ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba cho s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn cho Gia Long ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1eddi d\u00f2 h\u1ecfi \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 m\u00e0 vi\u00ean quan kh\u1edfi c\u01b0 ch\u00fa n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 khi ghi l\u1ea1i, ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn ra h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: \u201cNghi\u00eau Thu\u1ea5n v\u00f4 vi nhi tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Trong vi\u1ec7c lo toan x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi, Gia Long ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng khen: \u201cGia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1&#8230; binh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0u&#8230; d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u0103c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n\u201d, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan: \u201cSau v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1eefa ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. C\u0169ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1eed s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y, hay \u00edt ra l\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ccochinchinois\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Xi\u00eam, hay ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu C\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Cao Mi\u00ean, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1edbi x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1n nh\u1edd \u00f4ng quan Ch\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd t\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u00f5i thi\u00eang \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng theo v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 Gia Long c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o vua Mi\u00ean \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9! Ch\u1ec9 sau n\u00e0y, khi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n xua b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1eeba ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng cho gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p, g\u00e2y lo\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn v\u1edbi \u201cCh\u00e1nh tr\u1ea5n H\u1eadu Giang \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n\u201d t\u00ean S\u00e2m b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, gi\u1ebft (th\u00e1ng 10\u00e2l. 1809). Chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ee7 cho Gia Long th\u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng tay tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia cho vay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3. C\u00f2n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 quen th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Gia Long coi nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbp may kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfp trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi can gi\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c (Jh. White 1819). Nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169 tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i n\u00fai r\u1eebng th\u00ec Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e3 g\u0103p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ba Ph\u1ee7 (Ch\u2019ru?), t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u1ea3n b\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 xong l\u00e0 Gia Long g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m \u201cM\u1ecdi \u0110\u00e1 V\u00e1ch\u201d (\u201cM\u1ecdi Ba T\u01a1,\u201d \u201cM\u1ecdi Tr\u00e0 B\u1ed3ng\u201d thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9c Hr\u00ea, Sedang) s\u1eebng s\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u01a1i l\u01a1 l\u00e0 th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hao qu\u00e2n, t\u1ed5n t\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u1ebf c\u00f2n n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u201cAn Nam\u201d c\u0169.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u00ed lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb tr\u00ean l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft b\u1eadc cao c\u1ecdng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, Gia Long c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n x\u01b0a c\u0169 v\u1edbi hai d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. Con g\u00e1i \u00fat c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng (L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc B\u00ecnh) ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o cung sinh ra Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Qu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac C\u1ef1. B\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee9c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ch\u1ebft \u0111i (8\u00e2l. 1810) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c phi, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea ngo\u1ea1i Ng\u1ecdc H\u00e2n ng\u00e0y nay n\u00edu l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m b\u00e0 con, x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1n to l\u1edbn cho x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh \u0111\u1ebfn ba (?) b\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu! D\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng c\u00f2n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh, tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 con (Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Quang) nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u1edf b\u1ef1c M\u0129 nh\u00e2n! \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec h\u1ecd Tr\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 500 m\u1eabu, tuy v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Con ch\u00e1u nh\u00e0 L\u00ea, L\u00ea Duy Ho\u00e1n, ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n phong c\u1ea5p r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn (ru\u1ed9ng th\u1edd c\u00fang 10 000 m\u1eabu, d\u00e2n 1016 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) c\u00f2n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t quan t\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch th\u1eeba th\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi ho\u1ea1 di\u1ec7t vong. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u1ebft Duy Ho\u00e1n (1816), Gia Long c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, danh hi\u1ec7u t\u1ebf t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>Gia Long kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u2013 \u201cd\u00e2n B\u1eafc \u0103n m\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u00f4ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c. C\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, quan gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u0169 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed9n: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecf qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Ch\u00ednh h\u00e0ng sau khi m\u1ea5t Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ki\u00ean m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn B\u00f9i Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c&#8230; B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc, nh\u01b0 L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Ch\u00ednh khi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1eafc H\u00e0 n\u00ean khi xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n, Gia Long \u0111\u00e3 sai tri\u1ec7u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. \u1ede Th\u0103ng Long, c\u1ef1u T\u01b0 m\u00e3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n D\u1ee5ng tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi Quang To\u1ea3n, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta t\u1eebng tham gia \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Ch\u1eafc v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u00ean \u00f4ng trong l\u1ea7n x\u1eed h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng tuy b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd v\u00ec ch\u1ea1y qua ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb tay ch\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 n\u1ed7i tru\u00e2n chuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1ef5 ch\u00fat danh h\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edbng khi th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung h\u1ecd v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi. May m\u1eafn nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebfn 80 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Minh M\u1ea1ng coi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc hu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1ecdng n\u1ec3! Ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n l\u00e0 do r\u1ee7i ro trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, do k\u00e8n c\u1ef1a l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u01b0a nhau \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ebft theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng lao n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ea1ch t\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m s\u0129 phu B\u1eafc H\u00e0 c\u0169 khi\u1ebfn Gia Long \u0111\u00e3 tha t\u1ed9i h\u1ecd m\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n mua chu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n, c\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00f9ng m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra x\u1eed l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec Nh\u1eadm b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1eb7ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t, l\u00fac l\u00ean l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c nh\u1edb th\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ec9a mai: \u201cCh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u2018b\u00ecnh T\u00e2y\u2019 th\u00ec ai b\u00ecnh Ch\u1ea5t?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra theo v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi. V\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i, n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang sai. Ng\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n T\u0129nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u00e9p v\u1edbi L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t. K\u1ebb n\u00e0o d\u1ea1i d\u1ed9t t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u00e2m m\u01b0u b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, tuy r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u1ef1u ngu\u1ef5 L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft cho hai v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, n\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c. Khi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh r\u1eddi tr\u1ea5n, quan d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f2i s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng kh\u1ed1 th\u00e2m l\u1ea1m th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gia Long cho xo\u00e1 n\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00eau ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an nguy c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ecfng manh nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (L\u00ea Duy Ho\u00e1n) th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp, v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra t\u1ed9i l\u1edbn, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau ngang ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n (L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t, L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t), mang hi\u1ec1m th\u00f9 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n x\u00f4ng pha t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n, ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ganh gh\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00ed do t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u! C\u00e1c \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea7y oai phong c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7m g\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n quan nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vua nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u0103ng H\u01b0ng, hay c\u00e1c \u00f4ng quan nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Ho\u00e0 nh\u00e2n danh k\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u00fap b\u00f3ng \u201cli\u1ec7t Th\u00e1nh\u201d c\u1ee7a vua \u0111\u1ec3 to ti\u1ebfng k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ba hoa m\u1ed3m m\u00e9p, ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cl\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf nh\u1ed1n nh\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u s\u0129 B\u1eafc H\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u00ean d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01a1n xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>Cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc, Gia Long c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tay ch\u00e2n c\u0169. \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac l\u1eadp ra c\u00e1c B\u1ed9. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec1n m\u1edf c\u1eeda c\u00f4ng khai cho nh\u1eefng tay ch\u00e2n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 <em>Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u <\/em>ra ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9n nh\u1eabn, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng vua nh\u00ecn ra, tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c&#8230; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00f5 bi\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u00f4ng quan huy\u1ec7n c\u1ef1u quan ch\u1ee9c, c\u1ed1ng s\u0129 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea ra \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn Gia Long ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 c\u1ee7a L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i th\u1ea5y ngay \u1edf nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch <em>Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c <\/em>m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn. Chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ph\u00e9p B\u00ecnh l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 c\u00f2n dai d\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0m s\u1ed5 m\u1edbi th\u00ec Gia Long ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi, th\u1ea5y ra s\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 1808 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111inh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi s\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a L\u00ea (193.389 \/ 268.990), \u00f4ng vua c\u0169ng n\u00edn l\u1eb7ng, cho qua. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Gia Long ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng d\u1eef h\u01a1n, hung h\u0103ng h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t Nha \u0110\u00ea ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00f4ng coi c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1eadp n\u01a1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, m\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y l\u00fang t\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u00edt cho tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. V\u1ee1 \u0111\u00ea g\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5, g\u00e2y lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi v\u00ec tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u00fang thu\u1ef7, n\u01a1i kia c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c Nam bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u00ec \u201cgi\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t cai tr\u1ecb kh\u00f3 s\u00e2u s\u00e1t ngay t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 d\u00e0i l\u00e2u qua nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5i thay, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7y lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m gi\u1eb7c c\u1ecf s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i h\u1ed3i sau, m\u1ed9t khi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u00ec th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi Gia Long, khi\u1ebfn Minh M\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi quan tri\u1ec1u: \u201cSao (gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0) L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t (m\u00e0) kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh?\u201d C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mang l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng giai c\u1ea5p t\u00e2n th\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec l\u1ea1i coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201ccu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d, l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn th\u1eddi suy vong\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ean vua ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec Gia Long c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i cho d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn sau khi t\u00f3m th\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft \u0111i, m\u1ed9t Kinh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c kinh ng\u1ea1c (1819), cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb Madras \u0111\u1ebfn Manille \u00f4ng ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh lu\u1ef9 n\u00e0o b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ki\u1ec3u Vauban ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb l\u00fac x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh (1793) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 sau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7y dao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n m\u1edbi, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169 nh\u1edb ti\u1ebfc: <em>\u201cThi\u00ean ni\u00ean c\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh quan \u0111\u1ea1o, Nh\u1ea5t phi\u1ebfn t\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 cung\u201d. <\/em>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn Gia Long l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u0169 kh\u00ed, qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng t\u1ecbch thu c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. <em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u00f4ng quan Nh\u1ecb ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u1eafng \/ Chaigneau, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ch\u1ea5n \/ Vannier&#8230; l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3, x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kinh \u0111\u00f4 mong c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00ea c\u0169 n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c tr\u00ec n\u00edu cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i \u2013 v\u00e0o ch\u1ea7u kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea1y, nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i, kh\u00e1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba trong l\u00fac c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1eadn \u0111\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p m\u1edbi, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh \u0111\u1ea7y nguy nan c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Chaigneau t\u1eebng d\u00e2ng s\u00e1ch (1804) c\u00f3 t\u00ean <em>Th\u00e1i T\u00e2y to\u00e1n ph\u00e1p, Thi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 minh y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn,<\/em> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch to\u00e1n, thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n qua ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3n \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u. Cho n\u00ean l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i trong n\u0103m 1813, khi c\u00f3 quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng mua s\u00e1ch Macao v\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ecbch T\u00e2y\u201d v\u1ec1 th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n Chaigneau d\u1ecbch ra (ch\u1eef H\u00e1n? N\u00f4m?), l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t hai t\u1ea7ng trung gian m\u00f9 m\u1edd n\u1eefa! D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00edu k\u00e9o \u2013 tuy kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0169 kh\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh xoay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169 c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng c\u1eafm s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 <em>Ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7<\/em> l\u00e0m xong (1812), ba n\u0103m sau ban h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t h\u00ecnh \u00e1n, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec9nh cao t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i theo v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chao \u0111\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nay, ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc \u201cth\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng kim H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c\u201d trong h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Th\u0103ng Long huy ho\u00e0ng nay t\u00e0n t\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ea b\u1ed9 \u201cLu\u1eadt Gia Long\u201d n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00edt sao lu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 Thanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 kh\u1eaft khe, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u201ct\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua c\u00f5ng r\u1eafn c\u1eafn g\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp. Th\u1eadt ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t k\u0129 nh\u01b0 trong trong l\u1eddi T\u1ef1a 1812 c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: Vua \u201cth\u00e2n t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa\u201d, trong t\u1edd chi\u1ebfu ban b\u1ed1, c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u201ctham kh\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0169 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c [\u2018\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t\u2019 t\u1eeb L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea], \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00e2m ch\u01b0\u1edbc&#8230;\u201d Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u201cch\u00e2m ch\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, khi mu\u1ed1n bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft cho Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n cho l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf v\u00ec t\u01b0 \u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5n \u00e1t \u00fd c\u1ee7a vua! T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u 1805, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u201cd\u00e2ng H\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 vua v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc, xem k\u0129, r\u1ea5t k\u0129 nh\u01b0 \u00fd s\u1eed quan ghi l\u1ea1i. Th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ednh Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 qua th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 Minh th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng uy th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i khi d\u00e2n M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u cai tr\u1ecb Trung Nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c c\u00f2n gi\u1eef v\u1ecb th\u1ebf tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt kh\u1eaft khe xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1. Quan t\u01b0\u1edbng Gia Long \u0111ang cai tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t \u00edt ra c\u0169ng to r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t lu\u1eadt, sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu trong lu\u1eadt x\u01b0a m\u1ed9t khi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1eadt h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi tay, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a ra thi h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 trong l\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu cho th\u1ea5y?<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0m \u201cqu\u1ed1c\u201d s\u1eed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 so\u1ea1n \u201cth\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c trong b\u1ed9 <em>Nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed <\/em>c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1eeba l\u00e0m xong. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u0169ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u1ec1 sau. V\u00e0 s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u201cti\u1ec1n\u201d tri\u1ec1u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u1edbi. Nguy\u1ec5n Gia C\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng b\u1ed9 <em>\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed <\/em>h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 <em>To\u00e0n th\u01b0 <\/em>n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho vi\u1ec7c \u201ct\u00e1i b\u1ea3n\u201d c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u0169. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ngay (1803) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edf kh\u1ea3o kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 r\u1ed3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5. Kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u (1807) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi Ngh\u1ec7 An ra B\u1eafc, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed7 26 c\u1ed1ng s\u0129, ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m sau l\u00e0 ra l\u00e0m tri huy\u1ec7n ngay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0i c\u1ed5 ch\u1edd b\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u1eed ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111i v\u00e0o quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh xung \u0111\u1ed9t Nam B\u1eafc, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u1eebng l\u1edbp cao. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, \u201cch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i thi\u201d nh\u01b0 Phan Huy Th\u1ef1c n\u00f3i nh\u01b0ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u1eddi th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 to\u00e1n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh Tam gia v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u0103ng H\u01b0ng&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Gia Long trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. T\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00e0m g\u1ed1c \u201cPhi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 mang h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh C\u1ef1u tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb) Th\u1ec1m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i t\u1eeb t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n n\u00edu k\u00e9o g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c xa t\u00edt c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n tho\u00e1ng qua ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ch\u00e0m. C\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed0c nha \u0111\u00e1nh m\u01b0\u1edbn cho Nguy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 Cao La H\u00e2m S\u00e2m, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed3n. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa c\u00f9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ecba H\u1ed9i H\u00e0 H\u1ec9 V\u0103n ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n V\u1ecdng C\u00e1c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng ta ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft Bangkok l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u. Cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ch\u00faa nay t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t theo m\u1ed9t cung c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5, mua chu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng dung ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y khi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn theo v\u1edbi giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 khu\u00f4n n\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua th\u1ee9 hai, mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n: \u0110\u1ea1i Nam.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00fang k\u00ec v\u1ecdng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 tan n\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n vinh quang, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Gia Long l\u00fac qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 19-12 K\u1ec9 m\u00e3o (\u0111\u00e3 qua n\u0103m 1820), \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u201cc\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p gian nan\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0 v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n khi ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho con Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed C\u1ea3nh, thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi con th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 29 tu\u1ed5i, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u0110\u1ea3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Minh M\u1ea1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng giao thi\u1ec7p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00f4ng vua m\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng su\u00f4n s\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh. L\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean cao m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng ph\u1eadp ph\u1ed3ng \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u00f4ng cha \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. S\u1ed1ng trong chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00ean tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u binh khi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cha \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng khu\u00f4n trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u1eb1m trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i n\u00ean Nho Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Minh M\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cTh\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y sau c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng?\u201d M\u1edbi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c, \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u201cnh\u1eadn g\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n to l\u1edbn&#8230; lo l\u1eafng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m k\u1ecbp\u201d n\u00ean ra tri\u1ec1u s\u1edbm trong l\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u quan c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi, li\u1ec1n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edd kh\u1eafc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quan khuy\u00ean c\u1ee9 \u201cv\u00f4 vi\u201d r\u1ee7 \u00e1o khoanh tay \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd (v\u00f4 vi) l\u00e0m thay cho! C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 vi trong h\u1eefu vi nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00ean Minh M\u1ea1ng, trong l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb thu\u1ef7 xa l\u1ea1, nan gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n ru\u1ed9ng cao ru\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kinh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t. Mu\u1ed1n bao qu\u00e1t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng cho c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u01a1i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, d\u00f2 x\u00e9t, g\u00e2y va ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea7n. Th\u1ecb v\u1ec7 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n T\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (1823) t\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng vua ph\u1ea3i n\u00edn nh\u1ecbn nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n T\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i Nam Vang (1838) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho vua bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea5n T\u00e2y T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ban khen phong ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng vua ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadm s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft cai tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00ed, c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u00f4ng, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed1i ren theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e0ng nh\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ednh ham h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00ean v\u00ec c\u0169ng m\u1edbi v\u1eeba l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o xu\u1ec1 xo\u00e0, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e1ch h\u1ecd: \u201cTh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Thanh Ho\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00fac n\u00e0o r\u1ea3nh vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec c\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u00e0 xem\u201d (kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e2u!) \u0110\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, qua h\u1ed3i c\u0103m th\u00f9 \u201cT\u00e2y t\u1eb7c\u201d, \u00f4ng th\u1ed1t l\u1eddi h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ebft s\u00e1ch ngu\u1ef5, nay mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm xem th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1eefa \u2013 y h\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh x\u1ed1c n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y! Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ecfi th\u0103m t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 xung quanh, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u do \u0111\u00e2u, nh\u01b0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Xi\u00eam \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00fa d\u00e0i (?)\u201d nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u201cT\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Giang L\u01b0u Ba (ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan) h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec1u&#8230; kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ebf&#8230;\u201d Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p th\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ta t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a G. Coedes, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5: \u201cKhi tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn, n\u01b0\u1edbc Xi\u00eam c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, ph\u00e0m nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p c\u1ea3. V\u1ec1 sau Xi\u00eam c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh, Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p c\u00e0ng y\u1ebfu n\u00ean b\u1ecb n\u00f3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf&#8230;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u201ctr\u1eabm xem s\u00e1ch (nh\u00e0 Minh) nh\u00e0 Thanh, s\u1eed (nh\u00e0 Minh) nh\u00e0 Thanh..,\u201d lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch v\u1edf g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm l\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea3y n\u1edf nh\u01b0 khi \u00f4ng \u201cl\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m\u201d c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5y n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ebft \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh! S\u1ef1 h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng g\u00e2y t\u00f2 m\u00f2, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng ban ph\u00e1t cho c\u00e1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u1ea3 v\u1edbi s\u00fang \u1ed1ng d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn, h\u1ed1i th\u00fac, c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t Hu\u1ebf xa x\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1ee5t th\u00f2 m\u1edbi c\u0169 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi Minh M\u1ea1ng \u2013 v\u1edbi quan tri\u1ec1u, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung, th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1ch quan li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay: V\u0103n ho\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00ean m\u1edf qu\u00e1n Th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4i\u201d. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn xa hay m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u201cTr\u1ebb con bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n t\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i&#8230; d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i\u201d. T\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u201cGia T\u00f4\u201d m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m v\u00ec tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u201cTr\u00e2u L\u1ed7, gi\u1eef lu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng vua t\u00f4i, cha con\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Cho n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Chaigneau \u0111i ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (1821) g\u1eb7p vua m\u1edbi, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn xin ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111i!<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1eadp th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn tranh Nha phi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch v\u1edf tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd, tuy th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ngay l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u sai s\u1ee9 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n tuy\u00ean phong \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c \u201cnh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft theo \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec5 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u201d, r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i th\u00eam t\u1ef1 t\u00edn, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u00ea bai, nh\u01b0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n th\u01a1 C\u00e0n Long v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, ch\u00ea l\u1ed1i t\u1ebf Giao c\u1ee7a Minh, Thanh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng! Tuy t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0m cho quan tri\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch v\u1edf \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh khi \u00f4ng khen Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Thu\u1ef3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ed7i nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng k\u1ebb th\u1eafng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. \u00d4ng t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u1eb1m trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0o n\u00f3 khi quan tri\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a \u201cBa n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a cha\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u00fat t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gia Long tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh: \u201cCh\u1edb n\u00ean g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean\u201d, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Xi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u00eam chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam. Th\u1eddi m\u1edbi, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi cho \u00f4ng bi\u1ec7n b\u00e1c: \u201cVi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a cha n\u1ebfu hay th\u00ec ngh\u00ecn v\u1ea1n n\u0103m v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hay th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfu\u201d. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i thay <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vua c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XV, Minh M\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh khi r\u1ee9t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00ean tuy s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 can \u0111\u1ea3m g\u00e0n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u201cTa th\u1ea5y v\u00f5 bi\u1ec1n \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1i bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac qu\u1ed1c s\u01a1 ch\u01b0a quen l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p\u201d. Trong c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gh\u00ecm gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 v\u1eabn n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc qu\u00e2n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf giao cho, Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3ng vai \u00f4ng vua non n\u1edbt th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi hai \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u Nam B\u1eafc tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 ngang ng\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e0n tr\u1edf nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u1ea3 tay ch\u00e2n \u00f4ng, Minh M\u1ea1ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00fa t\u00e2m cho d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. D\u1ea5u v\u1ebft s\u0103n s\u00f3c anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ebf, l\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u201cQu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec1u \/ Thi\u00ean Nam th\u1ebf h\u1ec7\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o t\u1eeb 1807 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 ra, x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n, s\u01a1 trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c: <em>\u0111\u1ebf h\u1ec7 <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>phi\u00ean h\u1ec7,<\/em> v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111em d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ecd\u201d ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng chung, h\u1ecd T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec7 l\u1eddi can ng\u0103n c\u1ee7a v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng (l\u00e9n) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng quan v\u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd manh nha t\u1eeb th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quan c\u00f3 t\u00ean Kh\u1edfi c\u01b0 ch\u00fa l\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft s\u1eed v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua. Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n l\u1eadp n\u00ean r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 <em>Th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c, <\/em>s\u1eed cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u (b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 5\u00e2l. 1821), r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi Gia Long th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ph\u00e2n bua \u201cl\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t An Nam l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a L\u00ea\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i l\u00e2u d\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c sau nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u201cph\u00f9 L\u00ea\u201d, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi qu\u00e1t m\u1eafng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Minh M\u1ea1ng. V\u1edbi Gia Long, \u0111\u00e3 qua th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u201cnh\u00e0 ta ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 \u00d4 Ch\u00e2u\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Tri\u1ec7u V\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110inh L\u00ea L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n&#8230;\u201d nh\u1eafm gh\u00ecm n\u00e9n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan tri\u1ec1u g\u1ed1c B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf trong b\u1ed9 <em>\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Gia C\u00e1t d\u00e2ng l\u00ean. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i khi Minh M\u1ea1ng tuy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee5 phong c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u00ea (9 l\u1ea1y 3 v\u00e1i), l\u00fac r\u1eddi Hu\u1ebf \u0111i Th\u0103ng Long, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c quan b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 b\u00e0y ra l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf L\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng: Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tr\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u1ed1 C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, L\u00ed B\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf&#8230; Mi\u1ebfu L\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1823 mang th\u00eam t\u00ednh duy v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Tam Ho\u00e0ng, Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed5 l\u1ed1n c\u00e1c ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em \u00f4ng vua H\u00f9ng v\u00e0o quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi sau: <em>Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m C\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e2u d\u1ea7n Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng: \u201cD\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00edch tr\u1eef, g\u1eb7p m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0nh \u0111i \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp&#8230; v\u1edbi l\u1ea1i b\u01b0ng bi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1n n\u00fap&#8230;\u201d (L\u1eddi c\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nh\u00e2n). Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i do \u1edf ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay. Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh chia nh\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 th\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Phan B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea1t \u201cth\u1eed vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh\u201d. \u0110\u1ea5t H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu), tuy c\u00f2n leo l\u1eaft m\u1ed9t \u00edt r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c chia \u0111\u1ea5t huy\u1ec7n, ph\u1ee7. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn Minh M\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i lo ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh k\u00eanh V\u0129nh T\u1ebf, l\u00e0m r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c t\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n<strong> <\/strong>bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\u201d, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 c\u1ee7a cha. R\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng l\u00f5m Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p b\u00ean trong nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng Tr\u00e0 Vinh, M\u00e2n Th\u00edt \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee7 L\u1ea1c Ho\u00e1, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f2ng \u0111ai H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n theo ki\u1ec3u quen thu\u1ed9c, cho d\u00e2n mang h\u1ecd c\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e1 g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cl\u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y v\u1eady\u201d c\u1ee7a Tham tri b\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u01b0ng. C\u00e1i kh\u00f3 trong h\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp theo cho \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1, khi\u1ebfn v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u1ef1u \u201cd\u1ecbch \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4\u201d (m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng L\u1ee5c con?) Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed3n mang m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a vua t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i lu\u00e2n l\u1ea1c, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi quan quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0i m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m r\u1ed3i r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i, con ch\u00e1u ph\u1ea3i lu\u1ef5 v\u00ec L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i, bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u201cru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a di d\u00e2n Thanh, c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u1eafp ch\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3ng, k\u1ebb \u0111i bu\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n m\u00e0 su\u1ed1t n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t th\u00f3c n\u00e0o&#8230;\u201d S\u1ef1 h\u01a1 h\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec lo tranh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 qua, nay tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i lo kh\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d n\u00e0y v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng to\u00e0n c\u00f5i th\u00e1ng 7\u00e2l. n\u0103m 1826 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn<strong> <\/strong>quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 thu thu\u1ebf 3000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cm\u1edbi ph\u1ee5\u201d \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c Bang c\u00f3 bang tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00f4ng coi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng quay l\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn theo nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9c \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 12-1830 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh th\u00e0nh Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eadt ra c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e1\u201d di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa m\u1edbi, c\u0169 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 chung nh\u01b0 khi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cPhi\u00ean\u201d\/\u201cMan\u201d mang h\u1ecd Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 chen v\u00e0o. M\u01b0\u1ee3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, Minh M\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con d\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng khen d\u00e2n Mi\u00ean ph\u1ee7 L\u1ea1c Ho\u00e1 \u201cx\u01b0a l\u00e0 Man nay c\u00f3 phong ho\u00e1 trung ch\u00e2u\u201d m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed9c d\u00e2n B\u1eafc H\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n (1826, 1837) d\u00f9 g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ec9a mai, d\u1eb1ng dai, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c <em>gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1 d\u00e2n B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 man di.<\/em> Do \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t Nam B\u1eafc theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u0103n ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n g\u1ed3m th\u00e2u hai v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch Nho ho\u00e1 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean cao, Minh M\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thu d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, c\u1ed1ng s\u0129 th\u1eddi L\u00ea trong nhu c\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi khoa c\u1eed m\u1edf ra li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, Minh M\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh: \u201cSau \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m n\u1eefa v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam l\u00e0m sao l\u00e0m quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u201d \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 khoa m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n si\u00eang n\u0103ng, m\u1eabn c\u00e1n th\u00ec th\u00f4i. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi (ph\u00eda) Nam\u201d t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u201cGia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u00edt h\u1ecdc\u201d m\u00e0 Minh M\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111ang t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh l\u00e0m con d\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00ec tuy h\u1ecd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee7 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea3 \u201ct\u1eeb B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh ra B\u1eafc\u201d, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00faa may m\u1ed3m m\u00e9p tr\u01a1n tru, c\u00f2n n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7m c\u00e2y b\u00fat l\u00f4ng n\u1eafn n\u00f3t nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng th\u00e1nh Kh\u1ed5ng, th\u1ea7y M\u1ea1nh. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u, Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u1edf ph\u00eda nam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0m con d\u00e2n th\u1eddi m\u1edbi: l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1ea1ch tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n qua v\u0103n ng\u00f4n uy\u00ean \u00e1o l\u00e0 v\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec1u ch\u00f5ng \u0111i thi, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t anh nh\u00e2n s\u0129 B\u1eafc H\u00e0 n\u00e0o d\u00e1m coi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, Ng\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n T\u0129nh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ti\u00ean phong kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p l\u00fac c\u1ea7n khoa b\u1ea3ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch s\u1eed ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng k\u00ed t\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho \u00f4ng: Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n, Ph\u00f3 s\u1ee9 L\u00e2m Duy Hi\u1ec7p\/Thi\u1ebfp\/Ngh\u0129a, c\u0169ng d\u00e2n Minh H\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong l\u00fac l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee9 t\u00e0n d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hu\u1ebf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n thu nh\u1eadn th\u00eam t\u1eeb khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu Thanh tri\u1ec1u. C\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp mang th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n, Gi\u00e1m, Ti&#8230; l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng v\u00ec vua l\u01b0u t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c phi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1p khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u201cph\u00f3 b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d l\u00e0 T\u1ea3, H\u1eefu Th\u1ecb lang. C\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadt Gia Long (3\u00e2l. 1830) giao cho Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n thi h\u00e0nh. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1n quan l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb khi s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 1826 mang s\u00e1ch v\u1edf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Thanh, qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u00f4 s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7n (1832), th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eebng ng\u00f5 ng\u00e1ch ban vi\u1ec7n \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p khi\u1ebfn Minh M\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Th\u1ecb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vua cha, t\u1eeb V\u0103n th\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam C\u01a1 m\u1eadt vi\u1ec7n (1833) suy t\u1eeb <em>H\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n <\/em>c\u1ee7a Thanh,<em> <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i (10\u00e2l. 1829), v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 qu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ed1ng. L\u00ednh chia th\u00e0nh ban l\u1ec7, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eadp trung \u1edf Kinh \u0111\u00f4 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i \u201cth\u00fa\u201d, mang m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai \u0111\u1ebfn nay quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n v\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00ean d\u00f9 lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed5i t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xa, s\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf, phong v\u0169 bi\u1ec3u, \u201cthi\u00ean l\u00ed k\u00ednh\u201d cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 canh ch\u1eebng h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c v\u0169 kh\u00ed, thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u201cki\u1ec3u T\u00e2y\u201d tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u1eddi th\u1ebf. S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u201cThu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea3 k\u00ed t\u1ebf\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh, th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec1n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee1 nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang \u201cli\u00ean ch\u00e2u b\u1eafn li\u1ec1n 4 ph\u00e1t\u201d c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang c\u00f3 n\u00f2ng xoay. Lo\u1ea1i \u201cs\u00fang nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m l\u00f4i\u2019 \/ \u2018s\u1ea5m trong l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay\u2019\u201d h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u00fang l\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 ban ph\u00e1t cho quan tri\u1ec1u th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tri\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 Phan Huy Th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd Minh M\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 cho th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn \u2013 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ec1n m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Minh M\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, nghe l\u1eddi Dinh \u0111i\u1ec1n s\u1ee9 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 khai kh\u1ea9n v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec1n H\u1ea3i, Kim S\u01a1n th\u00eam ru\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1n v\u00ec l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n m\u00e3n. Nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ecf khai th\u00e1c l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng, l\u00fac chuy\u1ec3n cho t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u00e2u thu\u1ebf, l\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh quan x\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 h\u1ea1 (\u0111\u1ed3ng, k\u1ebdm) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh thoi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf tuy d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng cho giao ti\u1ebfp chung nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u00e1i c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Batavia, Palembang), Malacca, Singapore \/ \u201cH\u1ea1 Ch\u00e2u\u201d v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<p>Chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u201c\u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d n\u0103m 1838 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00e1i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m thuy\u1ec1n th\u00ec hai thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i Jakarta, ba thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i Singapore, ngo\u00e0i quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i\u201d, l\u00e1i thuy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ee5 l\u00e1i, th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee3 gi\u0169a ng\u1ecdc\u201d (?) H\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1t, thoi \u0111\u1ed3ng, ng\u00e0 voi, c\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, h\u00e0ng mua v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 k\u1ebdm, ch\u00ec, di\u00eam ti\u00eau (thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi?), s\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, v\u1ea3i&#8230; C\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea t\u00e0u m\u00e1y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng n\u00ean quan ch\u1ee9c m\u01b0\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i \u0111i theo r\u1ed3i g\u1edfi theo thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n nh\u1ecf \u2013 \u201cQu\u00e1n Th\u00f4ng D\u1ecbch\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qua kh\u1ecfi th\u1eddi th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao khi hai vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eebng s\u1ecf c\u1ee7a vua cha m\u1ea5t \u0111i, m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u00ec n\u00edu qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cTh\u00e0nh\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft (7\u00e2l. 1826) trong l\u00fac v\u1ec1 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecbu tang m\u1eb9 th\u00ec B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Hi\u1ec7p tr\u1ea5n quan v\u0103n gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean, nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n k\u00e8n c\u1ef1a, \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng b\u1edbi m\u00f3c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 sau. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c Quy\u1ec1n ch\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5n T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n r\u1ed3i Quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i s\u00e2u s\u00e1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e0n \u00e1p xong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n (L\u00ea Duy L\u01b0\u01a1ng, Phan B\u00e1 V\u00e0nh&#8230;) tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ra l\u1eb9nh tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb quan tham l\u1ea1i nh\u0169ng. Theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ecb an \u0111i theo binh l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. T\u1eeb trung ch\u00e2u l\u1ea5n l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ed5 ti mang d\u00e1ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng M\u01b0\u1eddng Ninh B\u00ecnh, Thanh Ho\u00e1 (th\u00e1ng 3\u00e2l. 1828) r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0u quan, quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1i t\u1edbi (th\u00e1ng 6\u00e2l. 1829), g\u00e2y l\u00ed do luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ti\u1ebfp theo mang danh ngh\u0129a \u201cph\u00f9 L\u00ea\u201d. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay v\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i mua chu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c l\u01b0u quan n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ed5 ti c\u0169, mang danh hi\u1ec7u n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng \u201cth\u1ed5 tri huy\u1ec7n\u201d, \u201cth\u1ed5 tri ch\u00e2u\u201d nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p N\u00f4ng V\u0103n V\u00e2n, Tri ch\u00e2u B\u1ea3o L\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, an ninh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7, huy\u1ec7n, ch\u00e2u (8\u00e2l. 1831) cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t an ninh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc cho n\u00ean Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u1ec1 Kinh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Th\u00e1ng 10\u00e2l. 1831 \u201cb\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh cho t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb tr\u1edf ra B\u1eafc chia h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1eb7t quan\u201d, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb T\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c ch\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c, Tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7, B\u1ed1 ch\u00e1nh, \u00c1n s\u00e1t&#8230; mang nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch trong th\u1eddi th\u1ebf m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 s\u1ed5 tuy l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u0169. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00ean t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 th\u1eddi Chu, H\u00e1n d\u00ednh l\u00edu v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc xa, nay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft m\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u00edu k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chia t\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u1eb7t quan r\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a l\u1ea1nh, vua ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u01a1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, ban ph\u00e1t d\u1ea7u gi\u00f3 t\u00e2y ta \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9, h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn tai \u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n ph\u00eda nam n\u00ean L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t d\u00e2ng s\u1edb c\u00e1o l\u00e3o, xin \u201cc\u00e1c \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00e0n x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea5n \u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3\u201d. L\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec Minh M\u1ea1ng b\u1ecf qua c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cvi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn&#8230; l\u1ee3i mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\u201d. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f2n \u0111ang b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n l\u1ea1 m\u1eaft, l\u1ea1 tai n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng bao l\u00e2u n\u00ean \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ebft sau m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 theo l\u1ed1i m\u1edbi (th\u00e1ng 10\u00e2l. 1832) tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Nam v\u00e0o Nam, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cthu v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i\u201d \u0111\u1ec3, \u0111i theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ec1m th\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi.<em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&#160;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh mang h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ed1i n\u00e1t. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi mang l\u1ea1i do t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi, tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. L\u1eadp th\u1eddi m\u1edbi, Gia Long, Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu n\u1ea1n \u201cm\u1ecdi \u0110\u00e1 V\u00e1ch\u201d, t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qua c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi k\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Minh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t L\u00ea, Nguy\u1ec5n c\u0169ng va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh M\u01b0\u1eddng Thanh Ho\u00e1, Ninh B\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan lang h\u1ecd \u0110inh, h\u1ecd Qu\u00e1ch&#8230; n\u1ed5i danh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean: Nh\u1ea5t Bi, nh\u00ec Vang, tam Th\u00e0ng, t\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p L\u00ea Duy M\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng Tr\u1ecbnh, t\u1eebng ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm&#8230; Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cph\u00f9 L\u00ea\u201d, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ed1ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u1ea5n \u00e1p tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>Gia Long mu\u1ed1n xoa d\u1ecbu h\u1ecd L\u00ea v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n c\u0169, \u0111\u00e3 cho L\u00ea Duy Ho\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng, h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u1ec7 to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng, g\u1ee3i tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Duy Ho\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 g\u1eafng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft (1816) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00f4i theo \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, L\u00ea Duy L\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, sau khi l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan lang M\u01b0\u1eddng. Lo\u1ea1n tuy ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m (6\u00e2l. 1833) l\u00e0 b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh M\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nu\u00f4i L\u00ea Duy Hi\u1ec3n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4\u00e2l. 1837 m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ea5t M\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1nh tay quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd L\u00ea \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ea5t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1eadn k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ecb b\u1ee9ng kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n xa t\u1eadn ph\u00eda nam.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i mang nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng \u201cquen m\u1eaft\u201d h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Khi c\u00f2n quy\u1ec1n uy, T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh, quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u00e0i <em>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u00ea<\/em> k\u00eau g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eebng nghe l\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u00e0i <em>T\u1ed1 khu\u1ea5t<\/em> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. Quan tham l\u1ea1i nh\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 s\u1edf (v\u1ee5 Ho\u00e0ng C\u00f4ng L\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh 1820-1821). V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn k\u0129, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0nh cho quan quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Gia Long c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2n c\u00e1c quan ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i, s\u1ee3 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c h\u1ecd n\u00ean ra l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4i! V\u00e0 qua bao bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0m l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng hay nh\u00f3m l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 thao t\u00fang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u201cch\u00fang l\u00e0m b\u1eady th\u00ec d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u theo\u201d (l\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1eadn). So ra, \u201cC\u00e1i h\u1ea1i quan l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 1, 2 c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i h\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 9, 10. Quan l\u1ea1i \u0103n gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, thu\u1ebf v\u1eadt (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3) b\u1ecb l\u1ed9, b\u1ecb x\u1eed c\u00f2n h\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9n n\u00fap trong d\u00e2n gian, gi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9&#8230;\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecba chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thanh minh cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan quy\u1ec1n. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c quan cai tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u201cB\u1eafc H\u00e0\u201d nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n uy d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o phe chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1 h\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u01a1 v\u00e9t, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u1ed9 ra v\u00ec l\u00e0m \u0103n qu\u00e1 qu\u1eaft, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec r\u1ee7i ro. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi n\u1eeda n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o (Ngh\u1ec7) An (H\u00e0) T\u0129nh Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Nghi c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t Nam B\u1eafc: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Nam th\u00ec ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh khinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u hay tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc th\u00ec l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ee7i th\u00e2n, tuy c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111em l\u00f2ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u qua ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1i d\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh h\u1eb1n h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn nhau&#8230;\u201d T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c quan quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia Gia Long \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Du, v\u00e0 Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u00ec t\u1eebng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Nam, B\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c L\u00ea Duy Thanh (con L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n) \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n (L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t) l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1m th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh th\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c hay t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho l\u1eafm. C\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m gi\u1ea5u trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (\u0111\u1ea7u 1828) \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3: \u201cL\u00ednh B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 25 000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng quen vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t khi sai ph\u00e1i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i xen th\u00eam l\u00ednh Kinh v\u1ec7&#8230; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n th\u1ed5 sai b\u1eaft gi\u1eb7c ho\u0103c \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u1ec3 nang n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c.\u201d C\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u00f9a ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u1ea9n n\u00fap th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng phe m\u1ea1nh: \u201c(Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u 1828 th\u1ea5y) binh l\u00ednh \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1o t\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c x\u00e3 th\u00f4n t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Nam l\u00e0m qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n\u201d. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n th\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y l\u00ednh Nam cho tr\u1ea5n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, khi c\u00e1c quan b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u201cl\u00ednh Nam \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc K\u00ec sai ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c\u201d, Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9 th\u00eam, v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Ninh ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng (3\u00e2l. 1835) \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1050 ng\u01b0\u1eddi! Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung l\u00e0 l\u00ednh th\u00fa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc c\u00f3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb B\u1eafc, Nam m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nam c\u00f3 khi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00fac c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 th\u00e1ng 9\u00e2l. 1835 (Ninh B\u00ecnh 323\/94, H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean 541\/513, Qu\u1ea3ng Y\u00ean 185\/100). Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec \u201cl\u00ednh Nam\u201d l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Thu\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng c\u0169 \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0 (B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea5n ph\u00eda Nam) nh\u01b0 khi Minh M\u1ea1ng cho th\u1ea5y l\u00fac thu x\u1ebfp b\u1eaft l\u00ednh cho Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n (\u0111\u1ea7u 1836): \u201c&#8230;L\u1ea5y l\u00ednh Nam K\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho Nam K\u00ec, ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 gi\u1eef nh\u00e0. So v\u1edbi l\u00ednh Kinh, l\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, l\u00ednh k\u00ec h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ph\u1ea3i \u0111i th\u00fa l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m, \u0111\u1ed3n th\u00fa l\u00e2u h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m&#8230;\u201d Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khi v\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u00ednh Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n l\u00ednh B\u1eafc. Cho n\u00ean H\u01b0ng Ho\u00e1 (cu\u1ed1i 1833), H\u00e0 T\u0129nh (5\u00e2l. 1836) ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9 50 d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u201cQu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nam\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 sung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1o th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh!<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec lo\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn khi c\u00f3 x\u1ed9c x\u1ec7ch v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5i thay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t an tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng t\u00e2y b\u1eafc k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y n\u0103m trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Phan, c\u1ef1u ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea, c\u1ef1u h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. V\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du c\u00f3 L\u00ed Khai Ba x\u01b0ng vua b\u1ecb d\u1eb9p y\u00ean m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n 1823. Nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Kinh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 khi L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t r\u1ee5c r\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 tang m\u1eb9. L\u00ea Duy L\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed9 ra tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du Thanh Ho\u00e1 (\u0111\u1ea7u 1826) r\u1ed3i V\u0169 \u0110\u1ee9c C\u00e1t, Phan B\u00e1 V\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n (2\u00e2l. 1826) khi\u1ebfn cho Th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n bi\u1ec1n binh B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau lo\u1ea1n m\u1edbi b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 t\u1eadp trung l\u1eadp t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1n L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Minh M\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tin l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1n trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Theo d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o s\u1eed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, ta v\u1eabn coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 L\u00ca V\u0102N Kh\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1eef l\u00f3t \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu th\u00fa nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea9y xa s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00edu v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng vua \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n. Kh\u00f4i th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 NGUY\u1ec4N H\u1ef0U Kh\u00f4i, mang \u201cc\u00f4ng t\u00ednh\u201d, h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng nh\u00e0 vua, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho c\u00e1c con ch\u00e1u Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc (1600). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sau th\u1eddi k\u00ec b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd, \u1edf l\u00e2u th\u00e0nh quen, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c trong tri\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi danh v\u1ecb b\u00e0 con nh\u00e0 ch\u00faa, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c quan Tr\u1ecbnh L\u00ea s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i nh\u01b0 ai! H\u1ecd l\u00e0m quan tri\u1ec1u, l\u00e0m l\u01b0u quan \u0111\u1ea5t Cao B\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e1 n\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o: B\u1ebf, N\u00f4ng\/N\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ed5 t\u00f9 ho\u00e1 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con xa x\u01b0a l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua to\u00e0n c\u00f5i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong d\u00f2ng, t\u00ean Kh\u00f4i \u1edf m\u00e3i t\u1eadn Cao B\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i lu\u1ed3n l\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn Gia Long \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 trao cho \u00f4ng ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eefa vua v\u00e0 t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tho\u00e1ng qua tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc khi m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm xong, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec3n l\u00ednh B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c quan t\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0u t\u00fa: L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u00ean, c\u00f2n th\u00ec lo d\u1eb1ng dai d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e1 V\u00e1ch v\u00f9ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 qu\u00e2n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ec7 Minh Ngh\u0129a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00f4ng coi v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00eau t\u00ean m\u00e0 s\u1eed l\u1ea1i ghi \u00f4ng ph\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ef1u Kh\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n, d\u00f9 ngh\u00eanh ngang, l\u1ea1i d\u00e1m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c l\u00e0m con nu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ebfn khi n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, Minh M\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u201cxu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd Kh\u00f4i theo h\u1ecd L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf h\u1ecd c\u1ea3 chi c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4i, v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u201ch\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ef1u v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00ednh, h\u00e1 c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng chim mu\u00f4ng \u0103n th\u1ecbt cha m\u1eb9, \u00f4 nh\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i nh\u00e0 vua nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?\u201d R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng em c\u01b0ng, c\u00f9ng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n Phi\u00ean An gi\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1edd, n\u00eau t\u00ean \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fat h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbm danh v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc Nam nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ef1u Kh\u00f4i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e1ng 5\u00e2l. 1833 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng lan kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c hay b\u1edbi m\u00f3c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2ng c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i coi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u0169 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, v\u1eady m\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0169 th\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i k\u1ebb th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2u cho h\u1ebft. K\u1ebd v\u1ea1ch th\u00ec l\u1ed7i nh\u1eb9 th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7i n\u1eb7ng, l\u1ed7i n\u1eb7ng th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu n\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua xu\u00ea xoa tha t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m \u01a1n, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 (Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p) Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thu\u1ef5, Tho\u1ea1i Ng\u1ecdc h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd k\u00ednh \u1edf T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay. N\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c, L\u01b0u Ph\u00fac T\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng tr\u1eadn d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00f2n tru\u00e2n chuy\u00ean. \u00c2n o\u00e1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong chi ti\u1ebft d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y tho\u00e1ng qua, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i khi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady gi\u1ebft B\u1ed1 ch\u00e1nh s\u1ee9 B\u1ea1ch Xu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c v\u1ee5 con Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0m th\u01a1 kh\u1ea9u kh\u00ed, l\u00e2y lan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t m\u1edbi c\u0169 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec g\u1eb7p l\u00fac ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1ebf y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. Lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edbp th\u1eddi c\u01a1, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tuy c\u00f2n trong \u0111\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung m\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ai h\u1ebft. Th\u00e1i C\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i: \u201cNay chia \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ec9nh h\u1ea1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c, kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi, thuy\u1ec1n m\u00e0nh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1n \u1edf Th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd chia \u0111i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Minh M\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec7n minh cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chia t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc t\u1ea1i sao t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh v\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Qu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb k\u1ebb tr\u00f4ng coi bi\u1ec1n binh to\u00e0n c\u00f5i ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00fang t\u00fang trong thu x\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i C\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn ra. Ba v\u1ec7 l\u00ednh b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eadt g\u1ed1c quen, \u0111i theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n khi \u0111i theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng chung v\u1ed1n \u201cl\u00e0m \u0103n\u201d v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. L\u0103ng \u00d4ng h\u00f4m nay b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf, tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb 1937, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed7i luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a con ch\u00e1u, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9c l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n th\u1eddi sinh ti\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea1 l\u00e2y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu ph\u1ee5 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ebb \u201cph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n\u201d ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111e do\u1ea1 ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft trong khi uy th\u1ebf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u1edf xa, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd M\u1ea1c H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, con ch\u00e1u \u00f4ng c\u1ef1u-Mi\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n T\u1ed3n. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Gia T\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t, hoang mang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 khi \u00f4ng quan \u0111\u1ed1c v\u1eadn b\u1ecb can \u00e1n n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee5c v\u00ec ch\u1edf (l\u1ea7m?) con ch\u00e1u T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng Thu\u1ef7 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi m\u1edbi. Phe lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh, ch\u1eafc b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. L\u00ednh H\u1ed3i L\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u1eafc Thu\u1eadn, qu\u00e2n \u0111i \u0111\u00e0y t\u1eeb ph\u00eda B\u1eafc xa h\u1eb3n mong th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf h\u01a1n khi theo \u00f4ng quan g\u1ed1c B\u1eafc. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vang v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 loanh quanh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m b\u1ecb \u201cKinh ho\u00e1\u201d khi v\u00f9ng Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5i ra ph\u1ee7 Ninh Thu\u1eadn, n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, c\u0169ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u2013 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed Phi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a. Nh\u00f3m L\u00ea Duy L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft, ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec ch\u00ednh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf trong khi truy b\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y th\u00eam r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. L\u1ec7nh b\u1eaft v\u1ee3 con, th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i \u1edf Cao B\u1eb1ng khi\u1ebfn N\u00f4ng V\u0103n V\u00e2n, \u00f4ng tri ch\u00e2u B\u1ea3o L\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i d\u1eady (7\u00e2l. 1833). Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i l\u00e2u v\u00ec \u01b0u th\u1ebf g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n, v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c theo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tranh chi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tuy ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. N\u00f4ng V\u0103n V\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m M\u01b0\u1eddng Ninh B\u00ecnh Thanh Ho\u00e1, th\u00eam v\u1edbi th\u1ebf d\u1ef1a l\u01b0ng v\u00e0o r\u1eebng n\u00fai c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c g\u00e2y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i v\u00ec quan Thanh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t an n\u01a1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ngay trong s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng. Qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i L\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u1eafc Thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh gi\u1eef \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i L\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1eafm, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi, h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c quen thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n th\u00e0nh c\u0169. Th\u00e1i C\u00f4ng Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh r\u1ecdng ra mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn cho Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1ea5t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p. Qu\u00e2n r\u00fat v\u00e0o c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 trong th\u00e0nh Phi\u00ean An ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec che ch\u1edf, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 trong khi qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e2y kh\u1ed5n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trang b\u1ecb s\u00fang l\u1edbn v\u1edbi \u201cth\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o b\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf\u201d, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c b\u1eafn \u201c\u0111\u1ea1n n\u1ed5 m\u1ea3nh\u201d, v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng d\u00f2m lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi mang kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 do chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao v\u00e2y \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y sau: \u0110\u00e0o h\u00e0o x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t th\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i xung phong l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i (16 th\u00e1ng 7\u00e2l. 1835). Chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u201ckh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 lo s\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang: \u201cG\u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec xa m\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1ebf th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc qua tay m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1edbi c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ea5y Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c gi\u1eef qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t Nam B\u1eafc v\u1ed1n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p qua chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng nghi\u00eang b\u00ean n\u00e0y, l\u1ec7ch b\u00ean kia, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1 h\u00e0 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n, tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p n\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng m\u1eafng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n. Th\u1ee9 tinh th\u1ea7n Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang ra l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n danh v\u0103n minh: \u201cBu\u1ed9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng Hoa h\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb Man di&#8230;\u201d Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u201cs\u0129 phu\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp n\u1ea5p b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1ec9a mai. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f9ng trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u0103n s\u00f3c th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb thu\u1ef7 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u201cpoll\u201d do Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 d\u00f2 h\u1ecfi, t\u1eeb 70 \u0111\u1ebfn 80% d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00ea, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed mang t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 phi\u00eau l\u01b0u n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u01a1i d\u00f2ng, \u0111\u00e0o s\u00f4ng m\u1edbi cho th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf&#8230; Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Minh M\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u201cH\u00e1n\u201d, c\u00f9ng chia x\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u0103n minh, \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn \u201cMan Di\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ho\u00e1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 Nho gi\u00e1o trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u1eed B\u1eafc H\u00e0 v\u00e1c l\u1ec1u ch\u00f5ng \u0111i thi, v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh Nguy\u1ec5n, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0a c\u0169 n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n c\u1ef1u ngu\u1ef5 nh\u01b0 L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ed1c ch\u0103n voi b\u1ecb vua ch\u00ea \u201cth\u00f4 su\u1ea5t, l\u1ed7 m\u00e3ng\u201d nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110i\u1ec3n, t\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ee9 kinh k\u00ec gia nh\u1eadp mu\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 T\u1ea1 Quang C\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft thay b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n v\u00f5 to\u00e0n t\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9, r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quan Nam tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n B\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Do\u00e3n U\u1ea9n xu\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafc nam, l\u00e0m \u00c1n s\u00e1t V\u0129nh Long, x\u00e2y ch\u00f9a c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 V\u0169 Xu\u00e2n C\u1ea9n l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c B\u00ecnh Ph\u00fa \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfp qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u nam b\u1eafc&#8230; Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u201cv\u0103n ho\u00e1\u201d d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u00e8n c\u1ef1a t\u1ee7n m\u1ee7n, v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t h\u01a1n: Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 l\u00e0m \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 \u2013 c\u0169ng g\u1ed1c B\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, coi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng qua b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb quan tri\u1ec1u h\u1eb7c v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed m\u1ed9t h\u00e0o ph\u00fa l\u00e0m huy\u1ec7n th\u1eeba \u2013 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c \u201cph\u00f3\u201d \u1edf huy\u1ec7n th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8230; th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cho n\u00ean v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n, Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef di ch\u00fac: \u201cCh\u1edb g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u, ch\u00ednh Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec1m h\u00e3m \u00fd th\u1ee9c g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft tay Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n b\u00ean kia n\u01b0\u1edbc Xi\u00eam La, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i ngon Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Rama c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Xi\u00eam La. \u1ede ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Th\u00e1i tan v\u1ee1 hay ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Lan Xang c\u0169ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 suy y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Nam Ch\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb 1694. V\u00f9ng B\u1ed3n Man \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t danh x\u01b0ng c\u0169 trong h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Duy M\u1eadt n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Tr\u1ea5n Ninh ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Gia Long. Nam Ch\u01b0\u1edfng \/ Lu\u00f4ng Pha Bang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169 v\u1edbi Th\u0103ng Long kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi m\u1edbi n\u1eefa n\u00ean th\u1ea5y \u00edt chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean can x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u1ea5t V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua Cam L\u1ed9, Quy H\u1ee3p quen thu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb x\u01b0a n\u00ean s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Xi\u00eam La khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng binh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n. T\u1eeb Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh xa, L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb d\u00f9ng V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c tr\u00e0n l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Xi\u00eam. Nh\u01b0ng V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam chi\u1ebfm kinh th\u00e0nh. Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng A N\u1ed7 \/ Chao Anu ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd Tr\u1ea5n Ninh, b\u1ecb giao cho qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf b\u1eaft th\u1ed5 quan Chi\u00eau N\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ebft (1830), s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Tr\u1ea5n Ninh v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u0103t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp m\u1edf th\u00eam c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 \u201ctr\u1ea5n\u201d m\u1edbi: T\u0129nh, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Bi\u00ean, Man v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c Bi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ee7 Cam L\u1ed9 qua ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u1edbi 9 ch\u00e2u m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1t s\u00f4ng Mekong, chi\u1ebfm c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng Trung L\u00e0o ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eeba l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t Champassak cho ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a A N\u1ed7. Tuy nhi\u00ean xung \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ef1t \u0111\u1ea5t Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p suy y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ec n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng quen thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbng Praya Bodin, theo l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i tr\u00e0n qua Nam Vang, chi\u1ebfm H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c (cu\u1ed1i 1833) nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eadn l\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh Gi\u1ea3ng truy s\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0a N\u1eb7c Ch\u0103n v\u1ec1 Nam Vang ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u00e2u s\u00e1t (th\u00e1ng 7\u00e2l. 1834) c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n qua trung gian Qu\u1eadn ch\u00faa b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn Ang Mei \/ Ng\u1ecdc V\u00e2n v\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 mang ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1ee1 ru\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0103n theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4i t\u1edb\u201d c\u1ee7a vua th\u00ec con d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eebng \u201cc\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn 1200 n\u0103m\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh sai so\u1ea1n <em>Cao Mi\u00ean k\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1ee3c. <\/em>Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Nam ho\u00e1\u201d ti\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc: ch\u1ee9c l\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn v\u00f9ng M\u01b0\u1eddng, bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u201cch\u1eef\u201d (H\u00e1n, t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua \u00e2m Vi\u1ec7t) kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u th\u1ed5 t\u00f9, g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p sau n\u00e0y thi h\u00e0nh \u1edf Nam K\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u201cQu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Ho\u1ea3 X\u00e1\u201d, quan th\u1ed5 t\u00f9 mang th\u00eam h\u1ecd ngo\u00e0i t\u00ean m\u00e0 d\u00e2n H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, Ki\u00ean Giang c\u00f2n th\u00eam nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u00ean th\u00f4n x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y h\u1ecd sao cho c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 \u00e2m Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 \u0111inh \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf, ch\u1ecbu b\u1eaft x\u00e2u, \u0111i l\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh y\u00ean gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u1ed5 (4\u00e2l. 1836), xong trong ba th\u00e1ng, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u201cth\u1eeda\u201d, \u201ckho\u1ea3nh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1eabu, s\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra lan \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafp tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1eeba b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh xong, nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea1m theo nhu c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi kinh k\u00ec. Theo th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a s\u1eed quan, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y k\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i k\u00ea ra, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nghi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 lan tr\u00e0n, t\u1eeb trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Giao t\u1eed v\u1ee5 \u1edf Cao B\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng 10\u00e2l.1836 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf d\u00f2ng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y c\u0169 k\u0129 thay th\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1eed quan kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i bu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i bu\u00f4n xa ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quen thu\u1ed9c, tuy l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111i bu\u00f4n v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u2013 c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i. H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i bu\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nhi\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c: thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, h\u00e0ng xa x\u1ec9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y&#8230; T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y qua nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ebfn 1838 v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0o Tr\u00ed Ph\u00fa c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u00e0u ch\u1ea1y m\u00e1y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i Minh M\u1ea1ng cho ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00fac n\u00e0y li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua hay thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u. Trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed tr\u00ean t\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u0169ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang b\u1eafn n\u1ed5 c\u00f2 \u201cch\u1ea5n ho\u1ea3 ph\u00e1o&#8230; s\u00fang th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1n li\u00ean ch\u00e2u&#8230;\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ed3i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0o n\u00f2ng r\u1ed3i van v\u00e1i n\u1eefa! B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng an ninh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, ngay c\u1ea3 d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd Nam B\u1eafc c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c to\u00e1n c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng c\u0169 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 Thanh, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u nh\u1eadp nho\u00e0 gi\u1eefa ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i bi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 toan t\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m sau khi d\u1eb9p y\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, quan tri\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chuy\u1ebfn ra xa ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n nh\u1edb chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Ch\u00faa, d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n con ch\u00e1u t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00fac x\u01b0a. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u00e1ng 6\u00e2l. 1835, qu\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd th\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0ng Sa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1m s\u00e1t hai \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ea7n nhau: \u201cc\u1ed3n B\u1ea1ch Sa, t\u00ean c\u0169 l\u00e0 n\u00fai Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef1\u201d (ch\u1eafc v\u00ec c\u00f3 mi\u1ebfu c\u1ed5 V\u1ea1n l\u00ed Ba b\u00ecnh, tr\u00ean nh\u00f3m Paracel ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, hay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u00fa L\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc?), v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1 B\u00e0n Than\u201d nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i n\u1eeda n\u0103m sau, b\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb sai Ph\u1ea1m H\u1eefu Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: th\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n, v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea5y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, r\u1ed3i l\u1eadp b\u00e0i g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 lan qua nh\u00f3m ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1836 chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u Anh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm \u1edf Ho\u00e0ng Sa, thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 t\u1ea5p v\u00e0o B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp cho Minh M\u1ea1ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00ean m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u201cc\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c man di\u201d bi\u1ebft qu\u1ef3 l\u1ea1y, kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m \u01a1n theo phong t\u1ee5c \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d!<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 m\u1edf c\u1eeda b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap cho Minh M\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng n\u00f3 mang y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng ai m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn, v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc xa t\u1eadn tr\u1eddi t\u00e2y, s\u1eafp \u0111\u00f3ng vai ch\u1ee7 l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, hay d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi: \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o Gia T\u00f4\u201d, thay ch\u1eef x\u01b0a h\u01a1n: \u201cHoa Lang \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d. Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt linh h\u1ed3n Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed C\u1ea3nh \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng phe truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1eafng th\u1ebf, l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o Tr\u00e2u L\u1ed7\u201d th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 sai l\u1ea1c b\u1edfi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n minh (nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cthu\u1ebf g\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u00e2u\u201d). V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Gia T\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o ki\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ecb \u0111oan\u201d th\u00ec nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn c\u0169 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3: Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 m\u00f3c m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c, b\u1ecf b\u00f9a m\u00ea b\u1eb1ng \u201cb\u00e1nh th\u00e1nh\u201d, x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i ri\u00eang v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 gian d\u00e2m \u2013 \u00fd ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m nam n\u1eef h\u1eefu bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb loan truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft droit de touche trung c\u1ed5 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u&#8230; D\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u0169ng b\u01b0\u1edbc qua th\u1eadp t\u1ef1, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0103n n\u0103n, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 th\u00ec tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n minh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Minh M\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cgi\u1ebft!\u201d, c\u0169ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng vua th\u00ec s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, vua \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u1ec5 B\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t \/ \u201c\u00f4m \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i\u201d cho c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00fac 9 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u2013 d\u1ea1ng C\u1eedu \u0111\u1ec9nh Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1, b\u00e0y h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf mi\u1ebfu, cho t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Nam kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec7 l\u1eddi can t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 l\u1eddi b\u00e0n t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o Hi\u1ebfu. Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111u\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c, m\u1ea5t \u0111i (\u0111\u1ea7u 1841) tuy \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eabn v\u1eefng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u1edf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng con c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0i th\u01a1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ebf th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 khi c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft!<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ec9nh cao qu\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n: ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 B\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ngh\u0129 x\u01b0a t\u1eeb thu\u1edf tri\u1ec1u Minh,      <br \/><\/em><em>Ch\u00e9m cha gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh nh\u01a1n d\u00e2n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u s\u00e1m-gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX (\u201cS\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c C\u1ed1 Qu\u1ea3n [Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh]\u201d) cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi truy gi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Nam K\u00ec khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o\u201d ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trong th\u00e0nh Phi\u00ean An \u0111ang b\u1ecb v\u00e2y v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh C\u1ed1 Du \/ Marchand b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u0103ng tr\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 6 (7?) tu\u1ed5i con c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i. H\u1eb3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu oan \u1ee9c g\u00ec cho l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp nh\u00f3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee5t t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang danh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 Kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn t\u00f9 binh t\u1eeb Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec5 Minh, Thanh. <em>\u201cC\u00e1c quan ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0y s\u1eb5n ng\u1ef1a xe, \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7 b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n Ch\u00e1nh, tr\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 binh kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nghi v\u1ec7 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea7u Kim Thu\u1ef7. Vua m\u1eb7c \u00e1o long b\u00e0o, tay ch\u1ebdn, ng\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 ra l\u1ea7u c\u1eeda Ng\u1ecd M\u00f4n. C\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, th\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u0103m quan m\u1eb7c \u00e1o hoa, tay ch\u1ebdn, chia ban th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m H\u1eefu T\u00e2m m\u1eb7c qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c, l\u1ea1y n\u1ed9p \u1ea5n thao c\u1edd, b\u00e0i r\u1ed3i d\u00e2ng t\u00f9 binh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p gi\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecbch. L\u00e0m l\u1ec5 xong, sai Th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf V\u0169 l\u00e2m l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u0103ng Minh, Th\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh l\u00e0 B\u00f9i Ph\u1ed5 b\u01b0ng c\u1edd, b\u00e0i \u2018v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ec7nh\u2019 \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 voi \u00e1p gi\u1ea3i 5 t\u00ean ngh\u1ecbch ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 L\u00ea B\u00e1 Minh, L\u01b0u H\u1eb1ng T\u00edn, \u0110\u1ed7 V\u0103n D\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch Du t\u1ee9c Ph\u00fa Ho\u00e0i Nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng con ngh\u1ecbch Kh\u00f4i l\u00e0 L\u00ea V\u0103n Vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00eda nam, x\u1eed t\u1ed9i l\u0103ng tr\u00ec: tr\u0103m dao x\u1ebbo th\u1ecbt cho ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i c\u1eaft l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f9ng b\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u1ecbch Kh\u00f4i, ngh\u1ecbch Ch\u1eafm treo l\u00ean s\u00e0o cao, b\u00eau \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 3 ng\u00e0y. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecbch Minh, ngh\u1ecbch T\u00edn,<\/em> <em>ngh\u1ecbch D\u1ef1 v\u00e0 V\u0103n Vi\u00ean gi\u00e3 nh\u1ecf cho v\u00e0o h\u1ed1 x\u00ed. \u0110\u1ea7u ngh\u1ecbch Ch\u1eafm, ngh\u1ecbch Kh\u00f4i, ngh\u1ecbch Du \u0111\u01b0a kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb ra B\u1eafc, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam v\u00e0o nam c\u0169ng treo l\u00ean s\u00e0o cao b\u00eau 3 ng\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, gi\u00e3 nh\u1ecf, cho v\u00e0o h\u1ed1 x\u00ed\u201d.<\/em> L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ea3, th\u1ecbt th\u00e1i cho ch\u00f3 \u0103n, t\u00e1n n\u00e1t x\u01b0\u01a1ng giao c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh b\u1ecf v\u00e0o h\u1ed1 x\u00ed. V\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n B\u1ed9t: <em>\u201cd\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 5 th\u1ee9 c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh, tr\u0103m dao c\u01b0a c\u1eaft, b\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u 3 ng\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1eb7c, r\u1ed3i n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng&#8230;\u201d \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea3ng gi\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 trai g\u00e1i, gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n tra r\u00f5 qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7u ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, v\u1ee9t th\u00e2y, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1eafp th\u00e0nh g\u00f2 to tr\u00ean d\u1ef1ng bia kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef \u2018Ngh\u1ecbch t\u1eb7c bi\u1ec1n tru x\u1ee9\u2019\u201d. <\/em>\u201cG\u00f2 m\u1ea3 ngu\u1ef5\u201d c\u00f2n m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 m\u1edbi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 an \u1ee7i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn quan tri\u1ec1u Minh M\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn t\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u. V\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0a ra r\u00f5 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201ckh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng\u201d l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng theo v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 b\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00eau th\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u00f9ng (nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p lang M\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac Th\u00e0nh 4\u00e2l. 1837). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n \u00e1c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Ti Tam ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t \u0111\u01a1n ki\u1ec7n, thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra (6\u00e2l. 1832) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<em>.<\/em> L\u00ea Duy L\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed l\u0103ng tr\u00ec, b\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u 2 ng\u00e0y ven s\u00f4ng \u1edf Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0 r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n b\u00eau t\u1eeb H\u00e0 T\u0129nh ra B\u1eafc, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i 3 ng\u00e0y, xong n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng (7\u00e2l. 1833). N\u00f4ng V\u0103n V\u00e2n sau khi ch\u1ebft ch\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eb7t d\u00e2ng v\u1ec1 Kinh, b\u00eau ch\u1ee3 3 ng\u00e0y, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Nam v\u00e0o Nam, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb ra B\u1eafc m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i 3 ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i gi\u00e3 n\u00e1t n\u00e9m v\u00e0o h\u1ed1 x\u00ed, c\u00f2n th\u00e2n th\u00ec treo ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafm \u1edf n\u00fai V\u00e2n Trung hang \u1ed5, r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng x\u1ebbo t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng gi\u00e3 n\u00e1t b\u1ecf h\u1ed1 x\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng (3\u00e2l. 1835). Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cth\u1ea7n d\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec5n\u201d, l\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c: Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh Tr\u1ea5n Ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t, ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng, b\u00eau l\u00ean r\u1eebng n\u00fai\u201d (1834)!<\/p>\n<p>Ta th\u1ea5y Gia Long tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, \u0111\u00e3 tha kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0o ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn. V\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i tru di tam\/c\u1eedu t\u1ed9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y Gia Long kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 phi, anh em b\u00e0 con Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c, T\u01b0 l\u1ec7 \u0110inh C\u00f4ng Tuy\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i con \u00f4ng ta, l\u1ea5y l\u1ebd v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0\u201d, \u201cd\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, \u201cquan nh\u1ecf\u201d, \u201ccon kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i cho cha&#8230;\u201d C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Chung x\u01b0ng Th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh S\u01a1n T\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 trong h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1eeb l\u00fac c\u00f2n Gia Long, b\u1ecb L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p (1822) m\u00e0 \u00f4ng cha Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Phan, h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1t v\u1edbi Phan Huy \u00cdch, \u00f4ng c\u1ef1u Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i v\u00ec Minh M\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1n: \u201ckh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft\u201d h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con! Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea5m con ch\u00e1u Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac, Ng\u00f4 H\u1ef1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i thi, v\u00ec l\u1ebd ai l\u00e0m n\u1ea5y ch\u1ecbu (1830). Th\u1eadt tr\u00e1i h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i v\u00e2y r\u00e1p t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c b\u00e0 con th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i h\u1ed3i sau, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0110inh Phi\u00ean gia nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 Phi\u00ean An m\u00e0 con c\u00e1i, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o th\u1ee5, Hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o, ng\u1ef1 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o (Nam Ng\u00e3i) \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c, x\u1eed h\u00ecnh&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u1eed tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c \u0111i khi Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi tay c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean \u1ed5n, s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh. Ngu\u1ef5 T\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai, n\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n; con ch\u00e1u Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c, con Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u tuy \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ngay \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c c\u00f2n theo thuy\u1ec1n quan tr\u1ed1n t\u1eadn C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 (1831)! S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u1eadt l\u1edbn b\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Phan B\u00e1 V\u00e0nh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ed5 ph\u1ec9\u201d, lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec quan tham l\u1ea1i nh\u0169ng, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ra qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1eb7t th\u00e2y k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n xong th\u00ec tr\u1eeb th\u00eam tay ch\u00e2n t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ban \u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong v\u00f9ng, t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n r\u1ed3i L\u00ea (Duy L\u01b0\u01a1ng) ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda d\u1eb1ng dai c\u1ea3 sau khi lo\u1ea1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb9p xong, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t con ch\u00e1u nh\u00e0 L\u00ea th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1ee9ng g\u1ed1c h\u1ecd \u0111i, \u0111em \u0111\u00e0y r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c n\u01a1i xa l\u1ea1, g\u1ea7m g\u1eeb b\u1eaft c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng em c\u00f9ng cha kh\u00e1c m\u1eb9 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi b\u00e0 con. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i th\u00eam L\u00ea V\u0103n Kh\u00f4i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111em b\u00e0 th\u1ee9 phi, con L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao (\u201c\u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb cung\u201d &#8211; Phan Th\u00fac Tr\u1ef1c), giam cho t\u1edbi ch\u1ebft. Minh M\u1ea1ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh theo m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn khi Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n n\u00f3i ra m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1t l\u1eddi than: \u201cB\u1eafc K\u00ec phong t\u1ee5c ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, d\u00e2n v\u1ed1n th\u00edch n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd n\u01a1i d\u1ef1ng nghi\u1ec7p vua c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o \u1ea5y\u201d. V\u00e0 lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 xa! L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi uy nghi tr\u00ean t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao, Minh M\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. R\u1ed3i c\u1ea3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean v\u00ec qu\u00e2n Xi\u00eam tr\u00e0n sang khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng b\u00ean trong c\u0169ng b\u1ecb che m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e2y m\u00f9 u \u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Cho n\u00ean Minh M\u1ea1ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1ec5 B\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thanh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u00ecnh rang cho to\u00e1n qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c uy th\u1ebf v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam.<\/p>\n<p>Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe s\u1eed quan Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nghi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y quan ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0y ngai, treo m\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf gian ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1i cung, \u0111\u1ebfn sang s\u1edbm ng\u00e0y ch\u00ednh nh\u1eadt, r\u01b0\u1edbc vua l\u00ean ng\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o to\u1ea1. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng, v\u0103n v\u00f5 ph\u1ea9m quan \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eb7c \u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e0o, theo ban th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea7u. B\u1ecdn Th\u1ed1ng so\u00e1i, Tham t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eb7c \u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u, do ban b\u00ean t\u1ea3, r\u1ea3o b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e2n r\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 chi\u1ebfm c\u1eadn. D\u00e2ng \u1ea5n quan ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1c, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c, Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c, Tham t\u00e1n \u0111i d\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p, xong r\u1ed3i b\u1ed9 Binh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft d\u1eabn \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1c Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110i\u1ec3n do b\u00ean t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng [l\u1ed1i \u0111i hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng cao] l\u00ean b\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ec1m gi\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o to\u1ea1, qu\u1ef3, ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ee3i Ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec3n gi\u1eaft h\u1ed1t v\u00e0o \u0111ai, \u0111i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. Vua du\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n ra, \u0110i\u1ec3n ch\u00eca hai tay \u00f4m l\u1ea5y, ng\u1ea9ng l\u00ean, kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103c ch\u1ec9 ban khen v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0110i\u1ec3n li\u1ec1n<\/em> <em>gi\u01a1 l\u00ean tr\u00e1n, nh\u1eadn l\u0129nh r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i, \u0111i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i lui ra \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea7m h\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, r\u1ed3i r\u1ea3o b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ra. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eabn T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c T\u1ea1 Quang C\u1ef1; l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 n\u1eefa d\u1eabn T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c L\u00ea V\u0103n \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nghi ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>R\u1ed3i b\u1ed9 Binh v\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh d\u1eabn Tham t\u00e1n Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 do gian t\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean th\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean ch\u1ed7 vua ng\u1ed3i, h\u01a1i l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng, gi\u1eaft h\u1ed1t v\u00e0o \u0111ai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 khen ng\u1ee3i. Ch\u00ednh tay vua ban r\u01b0\u1ee3u, Tr\u1ee9 k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n l\u0129nh l\u1ea5y, u\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i giao l\u1ea1i ch\u00e9n chp th\u1ecb v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3n l\u1ea5y. Tr\u1ee9 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1t c\u00e1i, c\u1ea7m h\u1ed1t r\u1ea3o b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ra.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eabn L\u00ea V\u0103n Thu\u1ef5, Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn L\u00e2m v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 H\u1ef1u v\u00e0o nghi ti\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c Th\u1ed1ng so\u00e1i, Tham t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1 m\u00e0 lui.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110i\u1ec3n, ngo\u00e0i vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng: Tr\u1ea5n T\u00e2y T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh Gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Nghi l\u1ec5 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch quy\u1ec1n uy kinh khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111i theo v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cung c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u00f2n l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf t\u00e2m tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, ch\u1edbm ph\u00e1t l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u201cth\u1ea7n d\u00e2n\u201d m\u1edbi sau 1945, d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111eo \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 thay cho l\u1eddi Minh M\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi: \u201cTr\u1eabm t\u1eebng nghe vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00fa L\u00e3ng Sa, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau qu\u00e1i truy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng: \u2018Ph\u00e0m lo\u00e0i mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f3 r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 t\u00f3c da \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3, sao l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u?\u2019 Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f9a nhau n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u chia cho nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n to&#8230;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng vua c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fat \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kia \u2013 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, d\u00f9 t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\">.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u1ef1 nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfn cho Gia Long ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb1n n\u00e9n trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam n\u00e0y gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 An Nam c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ban c\u1ea5p, hay l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam H\u00e1n&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-16536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16536"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16536\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71656,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16536\/revisions\/71656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}