{"id":16470,"date":"2010-10-19T00:04:00","date_gmt":"2010-10-19T00:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/16470"},"modified":"2022-02-23T11:05:39","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T11:05:39","slug":"su-lieu-quoc-noi-va-nen-su-hoc-dan-toc-chu-nghia-viet-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/16470\/su-lieu-quoc-noi-va-nen-su-hoc-dan-toc-chu-nghia-viet-phan-2","title":{"rendered":"s\u1eeb li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i v&agrave; n\u1ec1n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc d&acirc;n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t (ph\u1ea7n 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><b>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 X\u00e9t l\u1ea1i trong s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi nay: \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u1eed h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u0111i theo tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi nay nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh X\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u0169ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i kh\u00fam n\u00fam n\u0103n n\u1ec9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p \u0111e d\u1ecda r\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, b\u1edfi k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n cho n\u00ean v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c theo v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y xem vi\u1ec7c L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft vua cho Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i (v\u1ee3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft vua th\u00ec b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng oan t\u00ed n\u00e0o) ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 kho\u1ea3 l\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00f4ng vua c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan v\u0103n \u1edf trung ch\u00e2u, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u201cnh\u00e0\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi r\u1eebng n\u00fai Lam Kinh xa x\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u00fac nh\u00edch b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, u t\u1ed1i v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i xa, m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. V\u1eeba m\u1edbi gi\u1ebft con ch\u00e1u, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh T\u00e2y S\u01a1n (cu\u1ed1i 1802) ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau, Gia Long \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i \u201cv\u1ee3 l\u1ebd\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c l\u1ea5y c\u1edb \u201cch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u201d, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a Ngu\u1ef5 Nh\u1ea1c v\u00ec l\u1ebd h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. L\u00ed do \u0111\u01b0a ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd x\u00e9t theo t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu ta c\u1ee9 suy x\u00e9t theo c\u00e1c l\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i Gia Long ph\u00e1 tan s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y S\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh nh\u00ecn xem s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u00f4ng Trung \u01af\u01a1ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf kia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 4 m\u1eabu 5 s\u00e0o t\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1n (g\u1ed3m 6 kho\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh 1 s\u00e0o) th\u00ec c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng qu\u00ean th\u00f9 h\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u00ean b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t Th\u1ee9 phi c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00fac \u0111ang lam l\u0169 c\u00f2ng l\u01b0ng \u0111i c\u1ea5y, hay \u0111eo \u00e1o t\u01a1i l\u00e1 l\u00e0m c\u1ecf ru\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa m\u01b0a l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f9ng. \u00d4ng Minh M\u1ea1ng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i ai ch\u00ea l\u00e0 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, v\u1eady m\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u ra. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 khi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam, th\u1ea5y sao m\u00e0 b\u1ecdn ngu\u1ef5 tay sai c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i c\u01b0 x\u1eed ngang t\u00e0ng v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n l\u1ed1i ngh\u00eanh ngang xu ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a phe m\u00ecnh \u2013 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn theo th\u00f3i quen \u201cn\u00f3i v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng che khu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u y\u1ebfu \u0111i \/ m\u1ea5t \u0111i th\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i l\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u00f9i d\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i danh v\u1ecb \/ danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft qua nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, hay nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi c\u1ee7a phe \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u201clo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n t\u1eb7c t\u1eed\u201d c\u0169. V\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cx\u00e9t l\u1ea1i\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a: l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc (T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng), m\u1ea7y m\u00f2 qua s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u0169 n\u00e1t, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1edbi, h\u00f2ng n\u00edu gi\u1eef t\u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng \/ c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf c\u00e2u c\u01a1m, hay \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00f3ng ch\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e0i tham gia, n\u00eau danh!<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra thi\u00ean nan v\u1ea1n nan \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay, theo m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u1ed3i s\u1ee5t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\u201d. Theo \u00f4ng PHL th\u00ec sau khi \u201ckh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1989\u201d, H\u1ed9i Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cS\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d n\u0103m 1990 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u0103m sau \u1edf Tp. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eadt l\u00e0 mu\u1ed9n so v\u1edbi ph\u00eda V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1edfi ra v\u00e0 tr\u00f3i v\u00e0o trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4i, c\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n, tham lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u0103ng trong <i>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed <\/i>(1992) kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn l\u1ed1i c\u1ea3. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 r\u1eb1ng tuy c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh: <i>T\u00ecm v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n <\/i>(1999), v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XXI. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a k\u00eau g\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f2i (hay ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f2i) x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd.., v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i (Nguy\u1ec5n). Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong \u201cDi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc 2003\u201d \u00f4ng H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201ckh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u trong v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea5y s\u1eed h\u1ecdc minh ho\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n cho ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb theo l\u1ed1i \u2018ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u00e1 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc&#8230;\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra th\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i. Theo Ho\u00e0ng L\u1ea1i Giang, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1994, \u00f4ng PHL \u0111\u00e3 g\u1edfi b\u00e0i cho Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn hai n\u0103m sau m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <i>X\u01b0a &amp; Nay <\/i>\u0111\u0103ng l\u00ean! Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng \u1ea5y m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2008 m\u1edbi d\u00e1m l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n\u201d sau 3 n\u0103m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u201cxin ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ban T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0&#8230; v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ec9nh \u1ee7y Thanh Ho\u00e1 xin \u0111\u0103ng cai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201d. \u00d4ng HLG c\u00f2n ch\u00fa th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng cai c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 T\u1ec9nh u\u1ef7 Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng quen v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3 \u2013 do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng: \u201cTr\u00ean b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng nghe!\u201d V\u00e0 tuy c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u&#8230; m\u1eddi \u00f4ng PHL ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 sao? C\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, mang c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 sao khi g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng Phan l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7y\u201d? Ri\u00eang ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, t\u1eeb nay mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u00f4ng Phan ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f9n tay, gi\u1eef mi\u1ec7ng tuy r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh sai tr\u00e1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Xin l\u1ed7i s\u1eed gia Phan Huy L\u00ea. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft \u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u201cnh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d (ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh, l\u01b0u \u00fd: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed gia) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng PHL d\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u0103m 2003: \u201cTh\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3, nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9, H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li&#8230; L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00ed&#8230;\u201d <i>C\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh.<\/i> <i>Ch\u1ec9 duy s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2009 (r\u00e1ng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea1o k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m v\u00ec L\u00ea V\u0103n T\u00e1m) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i hung h\u0103ng, mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea5m h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, d\u1eef t\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean.<\/i> Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y t\u1ed9i, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng phe ngu\u1ef5 ng\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1eafng ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f2i \u201ctr\u1ea3m\u201d c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh th\u00ec t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean t\u1edd <i>H\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t,<\/i> n\u01a1i ghi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o trong n\u0103m 2008 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i cho Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n&#8230; tuy mang nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edbc sau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1960 nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng gay g\u1eaft h\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o qua nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Alexandre de Rhodes d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd. (V\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc?) Th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5i thay th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt li\u00ean minh \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (?) h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i cho c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tuy r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn binh n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tay ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng c\u1eeb kh\u00f4i. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9 t\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1edd <i>H\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t<\/i> nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng Mai Qu\u1ed1c Li\u00ean in <i>S\u00f4ng C\u00f4n m\u00f9a l\u0169 <\/i>c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c in s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Xuy\u00ean, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu v\u1edbi ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1edfi m\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho in <i>S\u00f4ng C\u00f4n m\u00f9a l\u0169!<\/i> Kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169 t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng \u1edf chung m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ee3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh, tuy c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho gh\u00e9 m\u1ed9t gh\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5 trong <i>T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc <\/i>r\u1ed3i. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng lao ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i M\u0129 Ngu\u1ef5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n?<i> <\/i>Qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e2n danh t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee9u anh n\u1eb1m v\u00f9ng t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fat t\u1ef1 do th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t g\u00ec l\u1eafm, \u00f4ng V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c in s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1edbi ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng ti Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam sang Cali ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 lo ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f4la, l\u00e0m \u0103n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 T\u1ef1 do Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean \u00f4ng V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng HLG k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Thanh \u0110\u1ea1m, \u201cm\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u201d tuy \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 v\u0103n Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3ng v\u0103n v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 sai l\u1ec7ch t\u00f9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c th\u01a1 v\u0103n m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh H\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5. Tr\u1eeb phi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Mai Qu\u1ed1c Li\u00ean, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh \u0110\u1ea1m bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ch\u00e9p y l\u1eddi Th\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh r\u1edbt! V\u00ec v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i v\u00e8 (v\u1ec1 vua H\u00f9ng, ch\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n) c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \/ H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khen t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1edd <i>H\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t<\/i> cho ra s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cNguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u2013 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n\u201d, \u201cx\u00e1c minh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam&#8230;\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u201cnghe v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft theo s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m S\u1eed h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta&#8230;\u201d <i>(1) <\/i>C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ra m\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o Mai Qu\u1ed1c Li\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 tuy c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u201cnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 uy th\u1ebf nh\u1edd l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cv\u1ebd\u201d s\u1eed cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia. C\u1ee9 ngang t\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ean t\u1edd <i>V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7<\/i> c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nam B\u1ed9 n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n L\u00ea V\u0103n T\u00e1m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o sai s\u00f3t, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p \u201cC\u00f3 giang s\u01a1n th\u00ec S\u0129 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt n\u00fap b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 v\u1ebd ra s\u1eed th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u00f4i. \u00d4ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a <i>H\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t <\/i>l\u1ea5y b\u00e0i trong l\u1edbp trung h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a M\u0129 Ngu\u1ef5 (\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n) m\u00e0 \u0111em ra l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb b\u1eaft b\u1ebb, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn cho chuy\u00ean gia th\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u00fap b\u00f3ng ai c\u0169ng v\u1eady th\u00f4i. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng \u201cnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i trung th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<p><i>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u00e2m m\u01b0u toan t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u hu\u00eanh hoang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia s\u1eed h\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf nhoi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc. <\/i>Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f2i l\u00e0m s\u1eed gia, \u0111\u00f2i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh s\u1eed gia, \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f3 \u201cv\u00e0i l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m (!?) v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng V\u0169 H\u1ea1nh l\u00ean \u00e1n cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, b\u00e0i b\u00e1c s\u1eed gia PHL. \u0110\u00e0nh ch\u1ecbu th\u00f4i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u0169ng tr\u00ean t\u1edd <i>V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7<\/i>,<i> <\/i>c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng L\u1ea1i Giang cho l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng (\u0111\u00e1ng) quan t\u00e2m\u201d l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian, v\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft \u00e1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kia, cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o kia. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ngay chung quanh n\u01a1i h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft theo m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111ang m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u01b0 trong hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4\/b\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u00ea L\u00ea Xuy\u00ean vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch khi\u00eau d\u00e2m \u2013 l\u1eddi ch\u00ea ngay trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u201cAnh \u0111\u01b0a em l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng nh\u00e9?\u201d T\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 b\u1ea5t tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a h\u1ecd ngh\u00eanh ngang trong M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 V\u0103n ho\u00e1 D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u0129a m\u0169i d\u00f9i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00f9 sao h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m th\u00fa nh\u1eadn, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00fat h\u1eadn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e2n x\u00e1c r\u1eefa n\u00e1t hay c\u00f2n ch\u00fat ng\u1eafc ngo\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u01b0a m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecd gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai, Phan Huy L\u00ea v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u201ctrung t\u00e2m v\u0103n b\u00fat\u201d c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ef5 di t\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c \u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed5i l\u1ed1t l\u00e0m d\u00e2n H\u00e1t-\u00d4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a UNESCO m\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u201d c\u1ea7y c\u1ee5c xin, r\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1ch linh \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 treo l\u00ean tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u201cb\u1eb1ng\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec h\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ean th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o h\u00f9a v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n d\u00f9ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kia m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i, th\u00e0nh lu\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1, l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 kho h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, l\u00e0m chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 nh\u01b0 sau n\u0103m 1975 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng \u0111i h\u1ecfi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, h\u00e3y x\u00e9t chuy\u1ec7n tranh lu\u1eadn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng: H\u1ecd vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u0103m 2009 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 in ra trong s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9 gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c g\u00e0 cho) t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng trung ki\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i! Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Y. Tsuboi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn 2 l\u1ea7n (1990, 1992)? D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ngang ng\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecd \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 m\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng V\u00f5 V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7t) ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecd tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, s\u1ed5 to\u1eb9t th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, cho r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb \u201cm\u1ecb d\u00e2n\u201d kia ch\u1ec9 \u201cc\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi sinh v\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cs\u1ef1 hi sinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1ea3 xi\u1ebft,\u201d h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u201ch\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam anh h\u00f9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u201cho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cho\u00e0 tan\u201d, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 2007 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng Chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 9 h\u00f9 do\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft L\u00ea Xuy\u00ean. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1m di t\u1ea3n ch\u1eedi th\u1ec1, ch\u1ed5ng m\u00f4ng, tu\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n c\u0169ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng tha h\u1ecd, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f2i truy b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng? Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc th\u00eam: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 phe ph\u00eda, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng sao ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eadn di\u1ec7t\u201d, s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn? Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng tranh c\u00e3i ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ee3i ra nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 s\u1eed gia mai sau.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bientap\/sliuqucnivnnshcdntcchnghaVitphn2_13950\/ptgsepiafoto.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[16470]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border-right-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto\" border=\"0\" alt=\"ptg sepia foto\" src=\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bientap\/sliuqucnivnnshcdntcchnghaVitphn2_13950\/ptgsepiafoto_thumb.jpg\" width=\"269\" height=\"303\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><font size=\"1\"><\/font><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><em>(<span style=\"font-family: times new roman; font-size: xx-small\">Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n (1797-1867))<\/span><\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>X\u00e9t l\u1ea1i s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i thay th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed5i thay v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t \u2013 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n l\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0m d\u00e2y d\u01b0a cho c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i. Th\u00f3i quen nh\u00ecn theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng so\u00e1i, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201dnh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u00e0y nay mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp t\u1eeb \u0111i theo bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb chung chung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn: n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch duy \u00fd ch\u00ed, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c&#8230; <i>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi-c\u1ee7a-v\u00f9ng-kh\u00e1c. Ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda Nam v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. <\/i>Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, kh\u00f4ng xa, tuy t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m c\u00e3i. Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Ca V\u0103n Th\u1ec9nh (1963) m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn sang th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XXI m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9! Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n b\u1ecb g\u1ea7m g\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7ng Huy V\u1eadn. H\u1ecd m\u1ea1o danh \u201cnh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nam B\u1ed9\u201d n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong v\u00f9ng, nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi L\u00ea V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng P. K\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf sau 1975 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 1945.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 c\u0103m gh\u00e9t nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, y\u00eau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng T\u00e2y S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng che \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i h\u1eadn \u201cm\u1ea5t Th\u0103ng Long\u201d, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh nu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t Ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u0103n v\u1eadt: \u201cNg\u00f5 c\u0169 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i b\u00f3ng t\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \/ \u201cThi\u00ean ni\u00ean c\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh quan \u0111\u1ea1o, Nh\u1ea5t phi\u1ebfn t\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 cung\u201d. N\u1ed7i g\u1ea7m g\u1eeb v\u00ec m\u1ea5t t\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 than th\u1edf nh\u01b0 B\u00e0 Huy\u1ec7n Thanh Quan, Nguy\u1ec5n Du m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1edb qu\u00ean ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a \u201cnh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u. <i>(1)<\/i> Cho n\u00ean trong l\u00fac \u201cc\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9, H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Li (c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u1ed9i\u201d l\u1edbn: l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc!), M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i, r\u1ed3i qua th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XXI, trong l\u00fac Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n c\u00f2n tru\u00e2n chuy\u00ean v\u1edbi l\u1eddi k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i \u201cm\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c\u201d th\u00ec Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i trang tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean t\u1edd <i>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed <\/i>(2008) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc. Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi k\u00ed t\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u1eeda t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u201cb\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d c\u00f2n Ho\u00e0ng Cao Kh\u1ea3i th\u00ec gi\u00fap T\u00e2y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh B\u1eafc K\u00ec; con Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y, c\u00f2n h\u1ecd Ho\u00e0ng \u201cm\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 hai T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c\u201d. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y <i>H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i M\u1edbi<\/i> l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f2n th\u00ec <i>H\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t <\/i>khoan thai (3-2010) ch\u1eafc v\u00ec ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp nghe l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p><i>H\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t <\/i>khi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i thanh minh cho Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u0129nh. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110inh L\u00ea L\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n L\u00ea \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc \/ y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ai k\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i c\u00e1c \u00f4ng n\u00e0y gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e9, coi quan tri\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb, ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh l\u1eadu \/ tim la nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch s\u1eed c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p g\u1ea7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf&#8230; \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, v\u1edbi M\u0129 S\u01a1n m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, Hu\u1ebf b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 hai \u201cb\u1eb1ng\u201d, m\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i An, t\u1edbi <i>M\u1ecdi<\/i> m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng V\u0103n ho\u00e1 C\u1ed3ng chi\u00eang. Trong l\u00fac Quan h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng T\u00e2y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn&#8230; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu x\u1ebfp Hoa L\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Hu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ed1 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, h\u1ebft th\u00e1p H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5, c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng to r\u1ed9ng, \u201cho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft t\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng moi Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i gi\u1ebfng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn m\u00fac v\u1ec1 n\u1ea5u pha tr\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc-ng\u00e0n-n\u0103m, th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 d\u00e2n nh\u1eadu H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd! Cho n\u00ean, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch danh ti\u1ebfng V\u00f9ng c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u1eeba qua.<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bientap\/sliuqucnivnnshcdntcchnghaVitphn2_13950\/truongvinhky.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[16470]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px\" border=\"0\" alt=\"truong vinh ky\" src=\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bientap\/sliuqucnivnnshcdntcchnghaVitphn2_13950\/truongvinhky_thumb.jpg\" width=\"278\" height=\"349\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman; font-size: x-small\"><em>(H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd (1837-1898))<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch V\u00f9ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c d\u1ed3n \u00e9p. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh&#160; K\u00fd b\u1ecb t\u1ed1 kh\u1ed5 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng Gia t\u00f4 \u2013 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i \u201cv\u0169 kh\u00ed\u201d \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng-khai-l\u00e9n-l\u00fat nh\u01b0 khi \u201cnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u201d <i>T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia-t\u00f4 b\u00ed l\u1ee5c <\/i>th\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i ra l\u00ed do nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 nh\u00ecn kh\u1ed1i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o s\u1eebng s\u1ecf c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh tay qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chung v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Phong Th\u00e1nh th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eafng m\u1ecf \u1ed3 \u1ea1t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p \u1edf Tp. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Khi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u201c<i>T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XXI nh\u00ecn<\/i> (c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3-v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ec1)&#8230;\u201d th\u00ec Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m <i>V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7<\/i> chi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng \u00edt h\u01a1n Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n \u201cNam K\u00ec ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c (L\u00e2m Duy Hi\u1ec7p\/Thi\u1ebfp\/Ngh\u0129a) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng to\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u01b0a nay n\u00e0o nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch <i>\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c <\/i>ra \u0111\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n S\u00e1ch d\u1eabn c\u0169ng \u201cqu\u00ean\u201d m\u1ee5c Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed gia, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y nay \u1ed3n \u00e0o l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch \u201cN\u1ed9i c\u00e1c quan b\u1ea3n\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd \u201cqu\u00ean\u201d s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n (1856) \u201cxin in ra nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u1ed9 <i>\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed<\/i>&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 tra x\u00e9t\u201d \u2013 v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c th\u1eddi Minh M\u1ea1ng (1829), v\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd trong \u201cb\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh Ho\u00e0\u201d kia ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n in kh\u00e1c d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi: \u201cQu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m t\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n\u201d! S\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3n \u00e1n th\u1eddi 1963 \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i l\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u00f4ng, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ra g\u00ec \u2013 nh\u00ecn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, b\u00e0i v\u1edf m\u00e0 x\u00e9t \u2013 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u201cb\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam anh h\u00f9ng\u201d k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i \u201cv\u00f4 \u01a1n\u201d, l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f2i x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u00edch \u2013 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i san b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea3, x\u00edch l\u1ea1i! Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n cho in s\u00e1ch (2007) v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed5i danh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng: <i>Chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed9, <\/i>v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba, tr\u00edch lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 \u201cTh\u01b0 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft\u201d, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tuy m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y l\u00ed do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n<p>Cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c X\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng h\u00e9 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t <i>t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n n\u1ed9i bi\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p <\/i>d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t (m\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eadp gia tu\u1ef3 t\u1ee5c\u201d v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i theo, v\u00e0o h\u00f9a, nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi th\u1ea7y tu\u1ed3ng ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n). S\u00e0i G\u00f2n m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn ph\u00eda nam n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eadp trung n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00f4ng t\u00edch: B\u1ebfn Tre, gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh. Tuy v\u1eady b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u2013 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y <i>t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i canh ch\u1eebng ng\u00e0y nay<\/i> c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh x\u01b0a n\u00e0y. \u00dd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00f2n r\u01a1i r\u1edbt sau th\u1eddi VNCH nay \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eeba l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 xu ph\u1ee5 ng\u00f4ng ngh\u00eanh c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng L\u1ea1i Giang cho l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng (\u0111\u00e1ng) b\u00e0n t\u1edbi\u201d v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf chi b\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3m do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u k\u1ec1m gi\u1eef. V\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u01b0 g\u00f3p \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u01b0u vi\u00ean tuy c\u0169ng t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft b\u1ebb v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u201cch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nghe\u201d, theo \u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi ti\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0 v\u1ecbt b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ai l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fat n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m trong v\u1ecb th\u1ebf b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 t\u1edd <i>V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7<\/i> c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd b\u00e0i b\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft <i>S\u00f3ng ch\u00ecm<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00ecnh K\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 V\u0103n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch xu\u00ea xoa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eeba qua, ki\u1ec3u \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng C\u00e1t gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng C\u00e1t&#8230;\u201d T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n l\u01a1 l\u00e1o dai d\u1eb3ng, l\u1eddi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u201cb\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111ang n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng ch\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u201d cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh trung ki\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft <i>S\u00f3ng ch\u00ecm<\/i> b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i \u201cn\u00f3i d\u1ed1i trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng trao gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u201cc\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng trong s\u00e1ng&#8230; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng trang vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c\u201d ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e2u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo xa chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ea5t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng n\u00ean d\u1eabn th\u00eam chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i b\u1ecb T\u1ec9nh u\u1ef7 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc \u201cT\u1eeb 75 (v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng) t\u1edbi gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y anh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0o ca t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 sao anh l\u1ea1i l\u00e3nh gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng?\u201d V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u01b0: B\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1 Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n, t\u1ecbch thu! Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 23 v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, qua c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb L\u00ed lu\u1eadn V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edf ra \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u201c\u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 Nobel c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n m\u00f2 tr\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc!<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng X\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi h\u00f4m qua \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p chung ch\u00e9m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho ti\u1ec7n, v\u1eb7n v\u1eb9o m\u01b0\u1ee3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, l\u00e0m s\u0129 phu th\u1eddi m\u1edbi, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u201c\u0111\u00e2m m\u1ea5y th\u1eb1ng gian b\u00fat ch\u1eb3ng t\u00e0\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>X\u00e9t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u201ct\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1eafm, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u201cch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u00f9 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u1ef1a gi\u00f3 ph\u1ea5t th\u00eam c\u1edd, b\u1ebb th\u00eam v\u00e0i m\u1ee5t m\u0103ng cho b\u1ebfp nh\u00e0&#8230; \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u00d4ng H\u1eefu Th\u1ecd khi giam b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng PHL trong hai n\u0103m tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i lo s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1eed gia l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o 2003 d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1ecf t\u1ed9i \u201cb\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d c\u1ee7a Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tr\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, Nh\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng sao. \u0110\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Nam B\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch v\u1ec1 Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n (may ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau!) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nghe l\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u1ef1u Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, T\u1ec9nh u\u1ef7 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng x\u00e1 li\u1ec1n c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd to l\u1edbn cho x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi m\u1edf c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh danh nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ean l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i in tr\u00ed nh\u1edb l\u1ed1i \u0111i v\u1ec1&#8230; S\u1ef1 sai s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00e0nh ra c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y c\u00f4ng khai th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0n em t\u00ed x\u00edu, cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1ed1n \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bao chi\u1ebfm danh nh\u00e2n (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Thanh Ho\u00e1) n\u1edf r\u1ed9 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i (xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn huy\u1ec7n: [Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u0129&#8230;], l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb L\u1ed9, qu\u00ea \u201cba b\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu (?)\u201d v\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc H\u00e2n&#8230;) khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 thu l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ean vua t\u1eebng b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i m\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t t\u00edch c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u0103n minh n\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n danh v\u1ecb Th\u0103ng Long n\u1eefa. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a <i>V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7<\/i> n\u00eau l\u00ean s\u1ef1 tai h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201ctung ho\u1ea3 m\u00f9 v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d: C\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng\u201d, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc, nghe, nh\u00ecn&#8230; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i S\u1eed h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh trong to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c&#8230;\u201d Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kia \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quanh \u00f4ng khi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 quan, x\u00e3 ph\u01b0\u1eddng! Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao quy\u1ec1n \u201ctr\u1ecb\u201d gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea3 m\u00f9 n\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 lo s\u1ee3 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t t\u1ea7m tay ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u201cki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d ph\u00eda Nam, n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t an th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ngu\u1ef5 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng 1975 tuy \u0111\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi uy th\u1ebf ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn cho tham v\u1ecdng cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh. D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vu\u1ed1t ve b\u1edfi bao th\u1ee9 hoa v\u0103n x\u1ea3o ng\u1eef m\u1edbi, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch xo\u00e1 s\u1ea1ch v\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u0169 tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 t\u00e2n th\u1eddi. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trong hang Pac B\u00f3, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, kho h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3&#8230; t\u00ean vua ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n, c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 s\u1ea1ch, m\u1ea3 B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX, b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng&#8230; Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 r\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00f3 th\u01b0 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n trang, d\u00e0y g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i chuy\u1ec7n thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \/ d\u00e1m khai th\u00e1c, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kia \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i khi mu\u1ed1n \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m, gom v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia <i>(2) <\/i>c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 <i>L\u01b0u h\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ed, <\/i>c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1: kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u201ctr\u1eddi long \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edf\u201d do \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Mi\u1ec1n Nam (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c Nam B\u1ed9) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta k\u1ecbp hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i X\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 kia. Ta c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t cho Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ea5p sau c\u00e1c danh v\u1ecb x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, trong chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t Nam B\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ra t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng, t\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng b\u00e0 giao li\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh, x\u1ee9 u\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a phe nh\u00f3m, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat g\u00ec t\u00f4n k\u00ednh d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00f4 v\u1ebd th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m ph\u01b0\u1edbn k\u1ec3 l\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng t\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1. M\u1ea3 m\u1ed3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi (qu\u00ean l\u1eddi ch\u1eedi b\u1edbi Gia Long \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u1eadu b\u00e9 L\u00ea V\u0103n T\u00e1m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sai s\u00f3t, chuy\u1ec3n qua d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u00f4i xo\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u00f4i xo\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1eed gia PHL c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u201c\u0111ang d\u1ea5y l\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 phong tr\u00e0o bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, gia ph\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd&#8230; \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u2018to\u00e0n d\u00e2n vi\u1ebft s\u1eed\u2019\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in \u1ea5n \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb cho m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, theo s\u1eed gia, s\u1ebd \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n sau n\u00e0y con ch\u00e1u ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c minh\u201d. Sau nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3i tranh gi\u00e0nh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt L\u00ea V\u0103n T\u00e1m, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Huy Li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 n\u00eau s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 k\u1ebb m\u1ea1o nh\u1eadn d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[ Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f2i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn danh v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n T\u00e1m n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u00f9 s\u1eed gia PHL c\u00f3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch xoa d\u1ecbu t\u1ef1 \u00e1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh khi\u1ebfn t\u00ean c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean LVT kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb suy suy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110u\u1ed1c S\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean r\u1ed3i! V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp: \u0110\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec t\u00ean c\u00e1c \u201canh h\u00f9ng\u201d lo\u1ea1i \u201cl\u1ea5p l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2u mai\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n? Ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u1eafm kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang, th\u1ea5y n\u00e9t s\u1eafc b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n, nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 li\u00ean thanh&#8230; th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i s\u00fang c\u1ee7a anh l\u00ednh \u0111ang si\u1ebft tay c\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng kia l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tho\u00e1t c\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5c m\u00ecnh l\u00ean b\u1ecbt k\u00edn h\u00e0ng r\u1ea3nh l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2u mai, l\u00e0m im ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecdn ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba. Nghe nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, t\u00e0m t\u1ea1m gi\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u0103ng t\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y lung tung \u0111\u1ed1t kho \u0111\u1ea1n v\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201canh h\u00f9ng\u201d trung \u01b0\u01a1ng kia c\u00f3 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i, \u0111ang n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Tp. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ea5y. Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec b\u1ecb s\u1ee9t m\u1ebb trong l\u00fac huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i anh h\u00f9ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi, b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn sao cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1eed gia PHL l\u1ee5c t\u00ecm trong v\u0103n kh\u1ed1 Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 VNDCCH t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 anh h\u00f9ng Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Gi\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00eam? Hay l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n xin coi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 (?) Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n b\u1ecbt l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2u mai c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n Canh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i?]<\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng s\u1eed gia qu\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng danh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1n x\u00e0 ng\u1ea7u, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1eeb \u00f4ng th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0o! C\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb phim-b\u1ed9 H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n minh c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi mong \u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u00e0y nay ng\u00e0y sau, th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00fac chu\u00f4ng, x\u00e2y ch\u00f9a&#8230; \u00d4ng Phan l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1n hao ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i la l\u00ean, b\u1edbt l\u1ea1i! V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ti\u00eau ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng sao \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam chuy\u1ec7n ban ph\u00e1t ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng kh\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng phe ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Tr\u00e1ch n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafc m\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 chia nhau \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 \u201cl\u00e0m\u201d m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u201c\u0103n\u201d?<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u201cqu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang k\u00e9m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u201d l\u00e0m b\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u. Xo\u00e1 s\u1ea1ch m\u1ed3 m\u1ea3 c\u0169, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 gia, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed3 m\u1ea3 m\u1edbi d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00e0ng l\u1edbp l\u1edbp, tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7p ngh\u0129a trang li\u1ec7t s\u0129 to nh\u1ecf, ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a trang \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng <i>V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7,<\/i> \u201cs\u1ef1 hi sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft\u201d n\u00ean x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft n\u00e0o trong chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a M\u0129 Ngu\u1ef5. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed3 ch\u00f4n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u1edf Dung Qu\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n M\u0129 Lai nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p M\u0129 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed3 ch\u00f4n \u1edf An L\u1ed9c b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 t\u1ea5m bia ghi hai h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u1ea5t t\u00ean: \u201cAn L\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba s\u1eed ghi chi\u1ebfn t\u00edch \/ Bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1ch D\u00f9 v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c vong th\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m bia k\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c M\u0129 Ngu\u1ef5 \u0111em B52 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 100% tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng An L\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng (?) n\u0103m 1972. (Ban Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o K\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m 1000 n\u0103m Th\u0103ng Long \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, <i>T\u00ecm trong di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam Th\u0103ng Long \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, <\/i>Nxb. V\u0103n ho\u00e1 Th\u00f4ng tin 2002, ph\u1ea7n t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, \u201cm\u1ed9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 3000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, tr. 432-433). Nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed3 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m chi\u1ebfn-s\u0129-ta \u1edf B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u1ed3i t\u1ebft M\u1eadu th\u00e2n k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n l\u00f3ng ng\u00f3ng ngay gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n gi\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ed3i, g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i ch\u00f4n gi\u00f9m, nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Nam H\u00e0n \/ Nam Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t t\u00edch trong chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5p t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, nay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o m\u00ea t\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 xoa d\u1ecbu ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1. <i>(3)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t h\u1ed3i M\u1eadu th\u00e2n \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb m\u00f9a h\u00e8 1972 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do M\u0129 Ngu\u1ef5 g\u00e2y n\u00ean, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111em ra gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng tr\u00ean t\u1edd <i>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/i> (2008) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea5y. C\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u201cS\u0129 quan ngu\u1ef5 n\u1ea5u ch\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u1ec5 Ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i theo c\u00e1i B\u00e1nh v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta r\u1ed3i. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lo ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n X\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ed1ng X\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 X\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i S\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp cho s\u1eed gia t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd: S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ai l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 d\u01b0ng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u2013 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 danh ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Lenin \u0111\u1ea5y. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n m\u00e1nh kho\u00e9 trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i qua nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p, h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u2013 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ef1u c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thu t\u00f3m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u01a1 v\u00e9t kh\u1ecfi m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn o\u00e1n th\u00f9 x\u01b0a c\u0169. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n sinh l\u1eddi t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1 cynical c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng xua ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean \u1eaft s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u0129, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu c\u00f4ng khai th\u00fa nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1i th\u1ebf b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c theo \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. Nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e8n \u00e9p t\u1eeb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1n l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a l\u00e2u nay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111ang thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu t\u00ednh h\u1ed9i k\u00edn lu\u1ed3n l\u1ecdt th\u1eadm th\u1ee5t, xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Cho n\u00ean r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cho khu v\u1ef1c&#8230; C\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0ng nh\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5t, vu\u00f4ng t\u00f4m c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o khi\u1ebfn cho lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh ki\u1ec3u \u201cv\u1eeba ch\u1ea1y v\u1eeba s\u1eafp h\u00e0ng\u201d sau ng\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm Mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u201cgi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0\u201d x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u201cn\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, v\u00ec c\u00e1i \u201cgi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0\u201d \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tay l\u00e0m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1: c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Gia, nh\u01b0 danh v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng r\u00e2m ran b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh g\u00e1c cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec \u2013 tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tay nhanh nh\u1ea1y ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t \u2013 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00edu qu\u01a1 qu\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng danh v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng c\u00f2n t\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 sau. Khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bao che cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eed v\u01b0\u1eddn, c\u1ea1u \u1ea5m, k\u1ebb \u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m&#8230; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng c\u1ef1u B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i du h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c tr\u00ean cao.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 tan r\u00e3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i quay v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho n\u00ean <i>ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khai s\u00e1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i. L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111i v\u00e0o Mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o <i>T\u1ee9 k\u00ec <\/i>Ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t phim \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u1ea3i Ca, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sao, c\u00f3 v\u00f4 ch\u00f9a, ng\u1ef1 trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ed1i kinh doanh th\u1edd c\u00fang n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u1ecba \u1ed1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m m\u1edbi qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a k\u0129 thu\u1eadt du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eaby v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec n\u00edu c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7n (?) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra ban ph\u00e1t v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khung n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m K\u1ec9 s\u1eedu, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 d\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u00e1m con em d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1eb9t ch\u01b0a xu\u00f4i. T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ho\u00e1 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thu h\u00fat t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, l\u00faa g\u1ea1o, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, v\u00e0 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi l\u00e0 bauxit \u2013 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 ph\u00f3 s\u1ea3n B\u00e1n v\u00e9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4la nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng mang t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbm l\u1eddi cho Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng: \u201cr\u1ed3ng cu\u1ed9n h\u1ed5 n\u1eb1m \/ ngo\u1ea1 h\u1ed5 t\u00e0ng long\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o, in \u1ea5n s\u00e1ch v\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u201cch\u1ea7u v\u1ec1\u201d. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc thay vua l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 T\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec1n, bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a trong th\u1eddi m\u1edbi cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 <i>ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/i> mang t\u00ednh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba: Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd v\u1edbi vua H\u00f9ng B\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, Th\u0103ng Long Ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, Hu\u1ebf 700 n\u0103m, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam 600 n\u0103m, Quy Nh\u01a1n 500 n\u0103m, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 300 n\u0103m&#8230; Ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n s\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u, b\u00f3 g\u1ecdn trong <i>To\u00e0n th\u01b0<\/i> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp trung\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch khu\u1ea5t nh\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn g\u1ed1c B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c Mai H\u1eafc \u0110\u1ebf xa \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Mai Xu\u00e2n Th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9: Kh\u00f4ng ai t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, s\u1eeda sang cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n minh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ho\u00e1 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng xa t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ph\u01b0\u1edbn ca t\u1ee5ng \u201cM\u1eebng \u0110\u1ea3ng, M\u1eebng Xu\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5t Tr\u1eddi. V\u00e0 do th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111e do\u1ea1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai kh\u00e1c khi\/n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea3ng, L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea3ng Cao V\u1eddi v\u00e0 L\u00e3nh T\u1ee5 Th\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m <i>H\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t, V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7<\/i> tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103ng qu\u0103ng tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y b\u00faa r\u00ecu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u01a1n xa qu\u00e1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u0110e do\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u00f4ng V\u00f5 V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7t (ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i) b\u1ecb m\u1eafng m\u00e0 T\u1ec9nh \u1ee7y B\u1ebfn Tre \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u1edfi c\u0169ng rung rinh, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n gi\u00f9m! Nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o \u00f4ng L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n Kh\u1ea3i do ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1edfi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed9i k\u00edn \u1edf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i k\u00edn bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tranh \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m m\u01b0u trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi trung \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1edbt v\u00e1t ch\u00fat th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nay tuy \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u tranh \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n lanh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, s\u1ef1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc quy\u1ec1n uy th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 nh\u00e2n danh l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. V\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec khi nh\u00e2n danh m\u1ed9t l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng chung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao (l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, Giai c\u1ea5p&#8230;) hay m\u1ed9t l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng (\u201cv\u00ec t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u0103ng\u201d, \u201cv\u00ec T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d, \u201cv\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d&#8230;). Ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng trong l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m hay c\u00f3 tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp \u1edf ph\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3m, c\u01a1 quan th\u00ec r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n quy\u1ec1n uy n\u00e0y trong m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ng\u0169.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u00ea t\u00edn, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, len l\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ao h\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y l\u1ed5n ng\u1ed5n c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i r\u1ed3ng cu\u1ed9n h\u1ed5 n\u1eb1m, s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh qua nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1edbc phim t\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd c\u1ea1nh tranh Oscar v\u1edbi Crouching Tiger, Hiding Dragon, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c phim tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n. C\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u01b0a g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u1ed5, c\u1ea7u c\u00f2n tr\u01a1 m\u00e1ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 H\u1ee3p long, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y t\u1ed1t. Trung t\u00e2m qu\u1ed1c gia M\u0129 \u0110\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1ebd ki\u1ec3u x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u00fd ni\u1ec7m phong thu\u1ef7! R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng linh m\u1ee5c \u1edf v\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec3n th\u00e1nh, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean, (b\u00e0y v\u1ebd Pol Pot) cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1, nay c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf Qu\u1eadn Cam, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng linh m\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n hoi. B\u00e0 Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i phong tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gh\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5, r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u1ea3n lan qua M\u0129 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1edd M\u1eabu, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a M\u0129 say m\u00ea. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gia n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, coi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ebd ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc t\u00e0i danh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea1ng, nh\u00e2n \u0111i t\u00ecm x\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i sinh B\u1eafc t\u1eed Nam, khoe r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t t\u00ean ngu\u1ef5 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t \u201crun r\u1ea9y, l\u00f3ng ng\u00f3ng, s\u1ee3 s\u00eat\u201d, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u00ean Trung t\u00e1 ngu\u1ef5 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t t\u1eed t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00fa h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 qu\u00e1i d\u1ecb \u1edf Khu vui ch\u01a1i Su\u1ed1i Ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n y\u1ec3m c\u00e1c h\u1ed3n ma trong khu m\u1ed3 m\u1ea3 ngu\u1ef5 (Ngh\u0129a trang Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0 c\u0169) n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda sau l\u01b0ng (V\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00eam 2004). Ch\u1edb c\u00f3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng!<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1eabu th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c anh cung v\u0103n x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 l\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o, V\u0103n ho\u00e1 D\u00e2n gian c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m: y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, bao dung, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u0103ng&#8230; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea3y n\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia c\u0169ng b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n theo, v\u00e0&#8230; m\u1eafc \u0111o\u1ea1 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t k\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gh\u00e9t. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i (t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y) nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, th\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u1eafm ngo\u00e0i g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ee3i \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd qu\u00ean ngay nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nh\u00ecn T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, nhanh nh\u1ea1y t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c khi th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c, t\u1ea1i sao d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u1ea1i h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n, hung h\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm vui trong men r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 th\u00ec l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tu mi An Nam l\u00e0 H\u00e3y ng\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u1ecfi h\u0169 h\u00e8m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt con ch\u00e1u b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecbnh?<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n<p><i>March-June 2009<\/i>     <br \/><i>March 2010<\/i><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(1) <i>H\u1ed3n Vi\u1ec7t <\/i>c\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1eb7ng k\u00ed n\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u0103ng trong s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 4-2009, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Kim Bi\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1edd <i>T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed C\u1ecdng s\u1ea3n,<\/i> \u2013 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ra nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o \u201ctrao \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d \u0111\u00f2i \u201cti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&#8230;\u201d \u1edf c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c \u0111i. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn t\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c (hay kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n?) hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec&#8230; Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng s\u1eed li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u201cc\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1eadm h\u1ef1c: <i>\u201c<\/i>D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i,<i> Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ra B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, Quy Nh\u01a1n&#8230; <\/i>Do m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh,<i> n\u0103m 1803, Gia Long c\u1eed s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9&#8230; sang nh\u00e0 Thanh xin qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1804 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/i>Do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n,<i> n\u0103m 1813, Gia Long cho tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. N\u0103m 1838, <\/i>Minh M\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh<i> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Nam v\u00e0 <\/i>c\u1ea5m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<i> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i hai ch\u1eef \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t\u201d&#8230;<\/i> V\u1eabn l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u201cph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u201d \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a X\u1ee9 Ta c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n ti\u00ean phong trong tr\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a. C\u00f2n <i>Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u th\u00ec b\u1ecb ch\u00e9m l\u00e0m tr\u0103m m\u1ea3nh&#8230;<\/i> <i>(\u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, <\/i>t\u1eadp I, H. 2000, tr. 437, 442 do Nxb. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u00e0nh cho \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hay ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng&#8230;\u201d, cho \u201cc\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, sinh vi\u00ean, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch tham kh\u1ea3o, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi, thay th\u1ebf cho b\u1ed9 <i>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> t\u1eadp I v\u00e0 II h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc&#8230;\u201d S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00e0y b\u00e1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u00edt ra l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 2010).<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u n\u1ea3y n\u00f2i ra c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea7n Quang Di\u1ec7u b\u1ecb ch\u00e9m l\u00e0m tr\u0103m m\u1ea3nh. C\u00f2n chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tin t\u1ee9c trong <i>Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed di bi\u00ean<\/i> c\u1ee7a Phan Th\u00fac Tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng sao l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m c\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n, \u201cnh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p h\u01a1n hai l\u1ea7n trong chi\u1ebfn tranh? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u00ean S\u00e0i G\u00f2n cho Tp. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>(2) N\u0103m 1981, \u00f4ng Y. Tsuboi h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u00f4ng Phan Huy L\u00ea v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c xin khai th\u00e1c Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111ang s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp\u201d. \u00d4ng Phan ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn 30 n\u0103m sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o c\u0169 c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hu\u1ed1ng chi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n theo l\u1ed1i t\u00f2 m\u00f2 s\u1eafc m\u1eafc!<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00e1ng 7-2009: <i>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t li\u1ec7t s\u0129 \u2013 B\u00ed \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m <\/i>n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n chuy\u1ec7n b\u00f3i to\u00e1n \u1edf x\u00f3m ch\u1ee3 l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea. \u0110\u00e0ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9 li\u1ec7t s\u0129, con s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn trong s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed l\u00e0 7, 800 ng\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4i th\u00fac c\u00f3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf l\u01a1. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh chen v\u00e0o, nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn cho th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o xa t\u00edt, gi\u1eefa r\u1eebng r\u1eadm n\u01a1i khe su\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd. D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb internet, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u00e2n k\u00ec d\u1ec5 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 tin. C\u0169ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n th\u00eau d\u1ec7t l\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho l\u1eafm \u1edf n\u1ed9i v\u1ee5. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung gian v\u1edbi c\u00f5i v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m d\u1ecbp cho c\u00e1c tay ranh ma ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n khi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 n\u00fap b\u00f3ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng khai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp gi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n mang danh v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfng t\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng u, c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1, c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t c\u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n l\u1ea5m tay b\u00f9n b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i danh v\u1ecdng&#8230; Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cho n\u00ean b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i to\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n phong thu\u1ef7! N\u00e0o ai d\u00e1m nghi ng\u1edd, b\u00e0i b\u00e1c khi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2009 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta di chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 T\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 H\u00e0 Huy T\u1eadp v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfm x\u1ec9a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m DNA c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111ang nghi ng\u1edd l\u1eabn nhau. V\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Gi\u00e1c H\u1ea3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Gia Long kia, khi \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1eafc th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Ng\u1ea1n (ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m l\u1eafm) c\u0169ng khoe r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi! B\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn \u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean cho \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u1ec3 truy t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i \u201cti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d!<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 khi n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi xem m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o trong x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p>&#160;<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\">.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 tan r\u00e3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i quay v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khai s\u00e1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i. L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111i v\u00e0o Mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o T\u1ee9 k\u00ec Ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sao, c\u00f3 v\u00f4 ch\u00f9a, ng\u1ef1 trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,153,177],"tags":[396],"class_list":["post-16470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","category-van-hoa","tag-ta-chi-dai-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16470"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71657,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16470\/revisions\/71657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}